LIBRARY     OF 


IS85-I056 


THE 


COMPLETE  WRITINGS 


THOMAS  SAT 


tn 


of  Noilli 


EDITED  BY 

JOHN  L.  LE  CONTE,  M.  D. 

WITH    A   MEMOIR   OF  THE   AUTHOR,   BY 

GEORGE  ORD. 

WITH    54    PLATES. 


Vol.  I. 


PHILADELPHIA : 

j±.  :e_  zfootze. 

1891. 


CONTENTS  OF  VOL.  I. 


Preface,  v. 

Memoir  of  the  Author,  vii. 

Preface  to  American  Entomology,  xxiii. 

American  Entomolgy,  Vol.    I.  Philad.,  1824,  (pi.  i.— xviii.)  1 

Vol.   II.  Philad.,  1825,  (pi.  xix.—xxxvi.)    35 
Vol.  III.  Philad.,  1828,  (pi.  xxxvii.— liv.)    81 

Explanation  of  terms  used  in  Entomology,  123 

A  description  of  some  new  species  of  Hymenopterous  In- 
sects, (from  the  Western  Quarterly  Reporter,)  Vol.  2, 
No.  1,  1823,  pp.  71—82,  161 

Description  of  Insects  belonging  to  the  order  Neuroptera 
Linn.  Latr.  collected  by  the  Expedition  authorized  by 
J.  0.  Calhoun,  Secretary  of  War,  under  the  command 
of  Major  S.  H.  Long,  (from  the  Western  Quarterly  Re- 
porter, Vol.  2,  No.  2,  1823,  pp.  160—165,)  170 

Appendix  to  the  Narrative  of  an  Expedition  to  the  source 
of  St.  Peter's  River,  &c,  under  the  command  of  Ste- 
phen H.  Long,  U.  S.  T.  E.,  Vol.  2,  1824 ;  pp.  268—378,  176 

Descriptions  of  North  American  Curculionides,  and  an  ar- 
rangement of  some  of  our  known  species,  agreeably  to 
the  method  of  Schbnherr.  New  Harmony,  Indiana, 
July,  1831,  259 

New  species  of  North  American  Insects,  found  by  Joseph 
Barabino,  chiefly  in  Louisiana.  New  Harmony,  In- 
diana, January,  1832,  300 

Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Heteropterous  Hemiptera 
of  North  America.  New  Harmony,  Indiana,  Decem- 
ber, 1831,  310 

Correspondence  relative  to  the  Insect  that  destroys  the 

Cotton  Plant,  369 

Note  on  Capt.  Le  Conte's  paper  on  'New  Coleopterous  In- 
sects of  North  America,'  published  in  the  first  volumes 
of  the  Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  History  of 
New  York,  (from  Contributions  of  the  Maclurian  Ly- 


IV.  CONTENTS. 

ceum  to  the  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  1,  Philadelphia, 

1827,)  372 

A  description  of  some  new  species  of  Hymenoptera  of  the 
United  States,  (from  Contributions  of  the  Maclurian 
Lyceum  to  the  Arts  and  Sciences,  Vol.  1,  pp.  67 — 83. 
Philadelphia,  1828,)  373 

Descriptions  of  new  American  species  of  the  Genera  Bu- 
prestis,  Trachys  and  Elater,  (from  Annals  of  the  Ly- 
ceum of  Natural  History  of  New  York,  Vol.  1,  part  2, 
1825,  pp.  249— 268,)  3S6 

Additions  and  corrections,  401 


PEEFACE. 


The  number  of  -works  through  which  the  descriptions  of 
insects  published  by  Say  are  scattered,  has  been  a  serious 
obstacle  to  the  progress  of  Entomology  in  the  United  States. 
As  the  founder  of  that  branch  of  science  in  this  country,  the 
basis  of  all  knowledge  of  our  species  rests  upon  a  correct 
determination  of  those  known  to  him  ;  but  the  labor  and 
expense  of  acquiring  this  information  is  so  great,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  cost  and  number  of  the  works  to  be  consulted, 
that  it  is  within  the  power  of  few  to  possess  even  a  moder- 
ately complete  series  of  his  contributions. 

For  the  purpose  of  aiding  the  researches  of  the  student 
of  Entomology  in  this  country,  and  for  the  securing  of  due 
credit  to  the  labors  of  this  great  naturalist  abroad,  I  have 
here  brought  together  all  the  descriptions  of  insects  publish- 
ed by  him.  By  the  introduction  of  the  paging  of  the 
original  publications  [in  brackets]  into  the  body  of  the  text, 
the  labor  of  referring  to  a  separate  index  for  the  place  of 
publication  is  obviated,  and  the  true  reference  can  be  readily 
made. 

With  the  view  of  increasing  the  usefulness  of  the  work, 
notes  have  been  added,  in  which  the  species,  so  far  as  pos- 
sible, are  referred  to  genera  adopted  in  the  present  condi- 
tion of  science.  And  I  must  here  express  my  earnest  thanks 
to  Baron  B.  von  Osten  Sacken,  of  the  Bussian  Legation,  at 
Washington,  for  his  kindness  in  furnishing  me  with  his  notes 
on  the  Diptera  described  by  Say,  and  to  Mr.  Philip  B. 
Uhler  for  similar  notes  upon  Orthoptera,  Neuroptera  and 
Hemiptera. 

My  own  researches  upon  the  Coleoptera  of  the  United 
States  have  led  me  to  follow  very  nearly  in  the  path  of  Say, 


VI.  PREFACE. 

over  the  regions  adjacent  to  the  Rocky  mountains,  while 
diligent  collecting  in  other  parts  of  the  country  has  been 
attended  with  such  success,  that  but  few  of  the  species  known 
to  him  are  wanting  in  my  collection.  The  entire  destruc- 
tion of  his  original  specimens  would  be  the  subject  of  much 
greater  regret,  were  it  not  for  the  fact  that  his  descriptions 
are  so  clear  as  to  leave  scarcely  a  doubt  regarding  the  object 
designated.  I  am  thus  enabled  to  assign  to  nearly  all  of 
his  Coleoptera  their  proper  place  in  the  modern  system. 

Such  of  the  original  plates  illustrating  the  American  En- 
tomology as  remain,  have  been  purchased  for  the  present 
work  :  unfortunately  plates  37 — 54  have  been  destroyed  ; 
these  have  been  re-engraved  by  Mr.  John  Gavit,  of  Albany, 
which  will  be  a  sufficient  guarantee  of  their  being  exact 
copies.  The  plates  of  Coleoptera  have  been  recolored  from 
specimens,  and  will  be  found  more  correct  than  those  in  the 
original  work. 

Typographical  errors  in  the  original  memoirs  have  been 
corrected ;  other  errors  have  not  been  changed,  or  if  noted, 
the  corrections  have  been  placed  in  brackets. 

To  add  interest  to  the  work,  Mr.  Ord,  late  President 
of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  has 
kindly  permitted  me  to  use  the  heretofore  unpublished 
memoir  of  Mr.  Say,  written  by  him,  and  read  before  the 
American  Philosophical  Society.  The  long  and  unbroken 
intimacy  existing  between  these  two  men  of  science,  renders 
this  production  of  peculiar  value,  and  leads  us,  by  a  know- 
ledge of  the  difficulties  with  which  they  contended,  to  esti- 
mate still  more  highly  the  labors  of  those  who  have  in  the 
early  history  of  science  in  America  prepared  the  way  for 
students  who  now  labor,  not  with  more  skill,  but  with  greater 
facilities. 

John  L.  Le  Conte. 

Philadelphia,  May  1st,  1859 


A  MEMOIR  OF  THOMAS  SAY 


FOREIGN  MEMBER  L.   S.  AND  Z.  S.  LONDON. 


Real  before  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  on  the  19th  December,  1834. 


GEORGE    ORD 


Thomas  Say  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  on  the  27th  of 
July,  1787.  His  father,  Benjamin  Say,  a  respectable 
physician  and  apothecary,  was  a  son  of  the  Thomas  Say,  of 
whom  a  marvellous  account  is  extant,  relating  to  a  supposed 
trance,  during  a  state  of  suspended  animation. 

Dr.  Say,  belonging  to  the  Society  of  Friends  or  Quakers, 
placed  the  subject  of  this  notice  in  a  school,  under  the  patron- 
age of  the  sect ;  and  afterwards  removed  him  to  the  Friends' 
Academy  of  Weston  or  West-town,  situated  in  Pennsylvania, 
a  few  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

Of  those  who  have  had  the  misfortune  to  be  placed  at  a 
country  school,  there  are  few,  who,  in  after  years,  can  re- 
view that  period  of  their  life  with  satisfaction.  The  grovel- 
ling amusements  there  indulged  in,  which  are  the  natural 
consequence  of  a  freedom  from  restraint,  or  from  observa- 
tion ;  the  want  of  incentives  to  honourable  emulation ;  together 
with  an  unsettled  mode  of  communicating  elementary  know- 
ledge ;  occasion  in  the  mind  of  the  pupil  a  distaste  for  letters, 
which  too  often  influences  the  remainder  of  his  life. 


Vlll.  MEMOIR   OF   THOMAS    SAY. 

Of  the  name  or  character  of  the  teachers,  to  whom  the 
education  of  Thomas  Say  was  confided,  I  have  not  been  in- 
formed ;  but  there  is  reason  to  infer,  from  his  deficiency  in 
elementary  learning,  on  his  arriving  at  manhood,  and  his 
indifference  to  polite  literature,  that  his  teachers  had  been 
either  grossly  negligent  or  incompetent. 

The  father  of  Mr.  Say,  aware  of  the  importance  of  occu- 
pation, and  not  perceiving  in  his  son  an  indication  of  a 
predilection  for  any  of  the  learned  professions,  took  him 
into  his  shop,  the  business  of  which  was  conducted  for  their 
mutual  benefit.  After  being  initiated  into  the  mysteries  of 
pharmacy,  Mr.  Say  was  established  in  the  same  useful  call- 
ing, in  conjunction  with  another  person,  whose  supposed 
solidity  of  character,  and  business  habits,  it  was  presumed 
would  ensure  success. 

But  the  expectations  of  the  parent  were  not  to  be  realized. 
Thomas  Say  was  not  destined  to  be  a  man  of  business.  The 
thrift  of  trade,  and  the  art  of  buying  and  selling,  were  either 
disdained  by  him  or  neglected.  He  became  imprudently 
responsible  for  the  pecuniary  engagements  of  others ;  and 
being  unable  to  withstand  the  reverses  which  ensued,  he 
soon  found  himself  involved  in  ruin. 

At  what  period  of  Mr.  Say's  life  he  became  enamoured  of 
the  works  of  nature  I  cannot  ascertain  ;  but  I  remember  his 
having  told  me  that  even  when  a  school-boy  his  greatest 
delight  was  in  collecting  butterflies  and  those  Coleopterous 
insects,  whose  variegated  or  splendid  colours  seldom  fail  to 
arrest  the  attention  of  the  most  careless  observer. 

A  passion  for  collecting  natural  objects,  if  freely  indulged, 
generally  leads  to  a  desire  of  becoming  acquainted  with  their 
characters  or  properties.  This  desire  once  gratified,  the 
student  finds  himself  in  possession  of  knowledge  as  delight- 
ful as  it  is  varied  and  inexhaustible.  But  so  fascinating  is 
the  study  of  natural  history,  so  completely  does  it  predomi- 
nate over  other  studies,  that  it  seems  by  no  means  advisable 
to  recommend  it  to  the  early  attention  of  youth,  even  as  a 
recreation,  lest  what  was  intended  merely  for  pastime  should 


MEMOIR   OF   THOMAS   SAY.  IX. 

become  an  occupation,  interfering  with  the  acquisition  of 
that  learning,  which,  in  every  situation  of  life,  is  deemed 
indispensable. 

That  the  subject  of  this  notice  early  commenced  the  study 
of  natural  history,  is  well  ascertained.  Hence  his  indiffer- 
ence to  business,  which  resulted  in  bankruptcy ;  hence  his 
neglect  of  literature,  a  neglect  which  he  was  fully  sensible 
of,  when,  at  a  future  period  of  his  life,  he  undertook  to  com- 
municate to  the  public  the  result  of  his  labours  in  some  of  the 
most  abstruse  and  intricate  branches  of  the  animal  kingdom. 

Not  long  after  the  establishment  of  the  Academy  of  Natu- 
ral Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  Mr.  Say  was  prevailed  with  to 
become  one  of  its  members.*  Of  the  origin  of  this  highly 
respectable  and  useful  institution,  I  shall  at  this  time  merely 
assert,  that  its  founders  had  any  thing  in  view  but  the  ad- 
vancement of  science.  Strange  as  this  may  appear,  it  is 
nevertheless  true,  that  the  club  of  humourists,  which  subse- 
quently dignified  the  association  under  the  imposing  title  of 
Academy,  held  its  weekly  meetings  merely  for  the  purpose 
of  amusement ;  and,  consequently,  confined  itself  to  those 
objects  which  it  was  thought  would  be  most  conducive  to 
that  end. 

But,  in  process  of  time,  when  it  was  found  that  mere  col- 
loquial recreation  soon  loses  its  charms,  a  higher  object  was 
suggested  to  the  attention  of  the  association,  one  which  it 
was  thought  would  tend  to  awaken  public  curiosity,  and 
thereby  procure  an  accession  of  members,  and,  consequently, 
an  accession  of  means :  this  object  was  the  collecting  and 
preserving  of  natural  curiosities.  At  the  date  of  Mr.  Say's 
joining  the  Society,  this  plan  had  been  recently  adopted ; 
but  how  great  was  his  surprise,  on  being  inducted  into  the 
temple  of  science,  to  find  that  the  whole  collection  consisted 
of  some  half  a  dozen  common  insects,  a  few  madrepores  and 

*  Tlie  Academy  was  founded  in  January,  1812  ;  and  Mr.  Say  was 
elected  a  member  in  April,  the  same  year.  His  name  appears  for  the 
first  time,  among  the  members  present,  at  the  meeting  of  the  16th  of 
April.  It  was  subsequently  determined,  as  a  mark  of  respect,  that  "his 
name  should  be  enrolled  among  those  of  the  founders." 


X.  MEMOIR   OF   THOMAS    SAY. 

shells,  a  dried  toad  fish  and  a  stuffed  monkey :  a  display  of 
objects  of  science  calculated  rather  to  excite  merriment  than 
to  procure  respect,  but  which,  in  the  end,  proved  to  be  the 
nucleus  of  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  valuable  collections 
in  the  United  States. 

In  the  year  1817,  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  hav- 
ing had  the  good  fortune  to  associate  to  itself  some  gentle- 
men of  acquirements  and  respectability,  was  induced,  at  the 
earnest  solicitation  of  its  President,  William  Maclure,  Esq., 
to  undertake  the  publication  of  a  Journal,  chiefly  for  the 
purpose  of  recording  discoveries,  remarkable  facts,  and  ob- 
servations, in  natural  history.  This  Journal,  which,  at  the 
date  of  this  memoir*,  has  reached  its  thirteenth  half  volume,  is 
a  record  of  no  ordinary  value  ;  and  we  hazard  nothing  in  pre- 
dicting that  it  is  destined  to  a  long  life. 

In  the  Academy's  Journal  Mr.  Say,  I  believe,  first  made 
his  appearance  as  an  author.  He  had,  previously,  read 
some  papers  to  the  Society,  more  with  a  view  of  adding 
interest  to  its  meetings,  than  of  giving  publicity  to  his  dis- 
coveries ;  but  now  that  an  appropriate  vehicle  of  publication 
was  afforded  him,  he  devoted  himself  with  increased  ardour 
to  his  pursuits,  with  what  success  those  only  who  are  con- 
versant in  these  matters  can  truly  estimate. 

We  have  spoken  of  Mr.  Say's  first  appearance  in  print. 
It  seems  necessary  to  state,  that  some  years  antecedently 
he  issued  proposals  for  a  History  of  the  Insects  of  the 
United  States  ;  but  so  slender  was  the  interest  which  works 
on  natural  history  excited  at  that  day,  that  the  project 
was  abandoned,  although  our  zealous  young  naturalist  had 
been  stimulated  to  it  by  the  encouraging  encomiums,  and 
the  promise  of  assistance,  of  his  friend,  Alexander  Wilson, 
whose  Ornithology  was  then  in  the  course  of  publication. 

In  the  commencement  of  the  year  1818,  Mr.  Say, 
together  with  the  President  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences,  and  two  other  members,  visited  the  Sea  Islands, 
and  adjacent  coast  of  Georgia,  and  penetrated  into  East 

*  At  the  present  time  the  publications  of  the  Academy  form  8  vols. 
8vo  and  3  vols.  4to  of  the  Journal,  and  10  vols,  of  Proceedings. — Lec. 


MEMOIR   OF   THOMAS    SAY.  XI. 

Florida,  then  under  the  dominion  of  Spain,  for  the  purpose 
of  studying  the  natural  history  of  those  interesting  regions.* 
This  journey,  although  productive  of  much  valuable  infor- 
mation, was  shortened,  in  consequence  of  the  hostilities  which 
still  existed  between  the  people  of  the  United  States  and 
the  native  tribes  of  Florida  ;  the  Spanish  Governor  of  which 
territory  having  kindly  advised  the  exploring  party  to  return, 
as  it  would  not  be  in  his  power  to  afford  them  any  assist- 
ance, in  the  event  of  an  attack  by  the  Indians. 

Of  the  two  scientific  expeditions  fitted  out  by  order  of 
the  government  of  the  United  States,  and  commanded  by 
Major  Long,  the  department  of  chief  Zoologist  was  allotted 
to  Mr.  Say ;  whose  numerous  discoveries  have  since  been  re- 
corded in  works  which  need  not  be  named  here,  as  the  stu- 
dents of  natural  history  are  familiar  with  them. 

We  come  now  to  the  crisis  of  Mr.  Say's  life,  the  termina- 
tion of  his  labours  in  his  native  city.  In  the  year  1825,  he 
was  induced  to  accompany  Messieurs  Maclure  and  Owen  to 
their  settlement  in  Indiana,  where  the  sum  of  human  happi- 
ness, it  was  believed,  would  be  exalted  ;  and  where  science 
and  letters,  it  was  confidently  afiirmed,  would  soon  arise, 
like  the  orient  sun,  to  enlighten  our  benighted  western  world. 
But  had  these  zealots  allowed  themselves  time  to  reflect  upon 
the  nature  of  man,  before  they  commenced  their  plans  of 
reform,  they  would  have  perceived  that  all  schemes  to  coun- 
teract the  order  of  society  are  as  ineffective  as  attempts 
would  be  to  subvert  the  order  of  nature.  This  truth  soon 
became  manifest,  for  in  a  few  short  months  the  confraternity 
of  New  Harmony  disagreed,  quarrelled,  and  separated. 
Even  the  founders  of  the  Institution  got  into  the  labyrinth 
of  the  law,  from  which  they  were  extricated  by  a  compromise. 
One  returned  to  his  native  country,  to  concoct  new  measures 
for  the  reformation  of  domestic  policy ;  and  the  other  re- 
tired in  disgust  to  the  republic  of  Mexico,  to  brood  over 

*  The  party  consisted  of  Messrs.  Maclure,  Say,  Titian  R.  Peale,  and 
the  writer  of  this  memoir. 


Xil.  MEMOIR   OF   THOMAS   SAY. 

misfortunes,  which  he  attributed  rather  to  adverse  events, 
than  to  a  want  of  forecast  in  himself,  or  a  defect  in  the  fun- 
damental principles  of  the  association. 

But  Mr.  Say  had  become  involved  for  life.  He  had  mar- 
ried ;  he  had  accepted  the  agency  of  the  property,  the  du- 
ties of  which  compelled  him  to  a  residence  there ;  he  had 
no  other  means  of  support  but  what  the  bounty  of  his  pa- 
tron, Mr.  Maclure,  afforded  him  ;  he,  therefore,  sat  himself 
down  with  his  usual  composure,  to  await  the  turn  of  events, 
appropriating  all  his  moments  of  leisure  to  his  favourite  pur- 
suits ;  and  not  allowing  a  thought  of  the  future  to  disturb 
the  equanimity  of  his  mind. 

The  health  of  Mr.  Say,  when  he  retired  from  Philadel- 
phia, was  far  from  being  good  ;  from  causes  which  shall  be 
hereafter  stated,  his  stomach  had  lost  its  natural  tone  ;  and 
he  found  that  the  climate  of  the  Wabash  was  by  no  means 
adapted  to  restore  vigour  to  a  constitution  which  had  been 
enfeebled  by  the  repeated  attacks  of  dysenteric  affections. 
Had  he  been  free  to  follow  the  advice  of  his  medical  friends, 
or  to  yield  to  the  affectionate  solicitations  of  his  relations, 
he  would  have  returned  to  the  more  genial  climate  of  his 
native  city ;  where  the  salubrity  of  the  air,  the  comforts  of 
life,  and  the  charms  of  society,  would  have  doubtless  contri- 
buted, in  no  small  degree,  if  not  to  the  entire  renovation  of 
health,  at  least  to  the  prolonging  of  a  life  which  had  not  yet 
passed  its  maturity.  But  a  sense  of  duty  predominating 
over  the  ties  of  kindred,  and  the  claims  of  friendship,  in- 
duced him  to  remain,  where  he  became  a  sacrifice  to  a  fever, 
which  carried  him  off  on  the  10th  of  October,  1834,  in  the 
forty-seventh  year  of  his  age. 

It  is  not  necessary  that  I  should  take  up  the  time  of  the 
Society  in  a  detail  of  Mr.  Say's  various  writings  ;  I  shall, 
therefore,  confine  myself  to  a  few  remarks  upon  the  general 
character  of  them,  in  order  that  those  of  our  members,  who 
are  not  naturalists,  may  be  enabled,  to  form  some  idea  of 
their  nature  and  importance. 

His  principal  work,  entitled  "American  Entomology,"  is 


MEMOIR   OF   THOMAS    SAY.  Xlll. 

the  most  beautiful  publication  of  the  kind  which  has  ever 
been  issued  from  the  American  press.  It  is  illustrated  with 
well  executed  plates,  coloured  from  nature  ;  which  plates,  in 
conjunction  with  the  descriptions,  leave  nothing  to  be  de- 
sired on  the  score  of  certainty  as  regards  species.  The 
publisher  of  this  work,  at  whose  request  it  was  undertaken, 
Mr.  Samuel  Augustus  Mitchell,  was  resolved  that  no  exer- 
tion should  be  spared,  on  his  part,  to  render  the  book  as  ac- 
ceptable to  the  lovers  of  the  fine  arts,  as  useful  to  the  student 
of  nature ;  and  that  he  fully  succeeded  will  not  admit  of  a 
doubt.  The  author,  delighted  that  his  labours  should  be 
presented  to  the  public  in  so  attractive  a  garb,  felt  himself 
stimulated  to  extraordinary  exertions  ;  hence,  the  American 
Entomology  may  be  considered  as  a  fair  specimen  of  Mr. 
Say's  talents  as  a  writer  and  as  a  naturalist.  This  work, 
published  in  Philadelphia,  was  advanced  no  farther  than  the 
second  volume,  at  the  time  of  the  author's  departure  for 
Indiana.  One  more  volume,  three  years  afterwards,  ap- 
peared, and  the  publication  was  stopped.  Whether  this 
termination  arose  from  the  difficulty  of  conferring  with  the 
author,  in  matters  which  required  his  presence  and  frequent 
communication,  or  from  the  want  of  the  patronage  of  the 
public,  I  am  unable  to  determine  ;  but  I  am  induced  to  be- 
lieve that  both  these  causes  conspired  to  frustrate  the  com- 
pletion of  a  work,  which  may  be  advantageously  compared 
with  those  of  a  similar  nature  which  have  been  produced  in 
other  countries. 

His  "  American  Conchology,"  only  six  numbers  of  which 
had  been  issued  at  the  date  of  his  death,  was  printed  and 
published  at  New  Harmony.  From  the  knowledge  and 
skill  of  Mr.  Say's  intelligent  wife,  in  natural  history  draw- 
ing, he  derived  no  small  advantage,  as  all  the  illustrations 
were  the  product  of  her  pencil;  we,  consequently,  are  in- 
debted to  her  taste  for  the  only  attraction  which  the  work 
possesses — the  plates ;  for  I  am  sorry  to  be  compelled  to 
add,  that  the  paper  and  letter-press  are  a  disgrace  to  the 
arts  of  our  country.     A  book  possessing  such  repulsive  cha- 


XIV.  MEMOIR   OF    THOMAS    SAY. 

racters  could  hardly  hope  for  general  encouragement ;  more 
especially  as  works  merely  conchological,  that  is,  without  a 
history  and  description  of  the  singular  animals  which  form 
and  inhabit  the  shells,  can  have  little  claim  to  the  favour  of 
the  public,  except  what  is  derived  from  their  extrinsic  quali- 
ties. 

Of  our  author's  numerous  Papers,  which  are  recorded  in 
the  Journal  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  the  Trans- 
actions of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  and  some 
scientific  periodicals,  a  variety  of  opinions  are  entertained ; 
some  persons  maintaining  that,  as  they  are  chiefly  descriptive, 
more  care  ought  to  have  been  exercised  in  discriminating 
character ;  especially  as,  from  the  want  of  plates,  the  insuf- 
ficiency of  our  author's  technical  phraseology  may  lead  to 
confusion  or  doubt.  That  there  is  much  uncertainty  in 
some  of  his  descriptions  of  Insects,  I  was  well  assured  by  one 
whose  judgment  in  these  matters  was  of  no  small  weight ; — 
the  late  learned  French  Entomologist,  M.  Latreille,  one  of 
the  professors  of  the  Museum  of  the  Garden  of  Plants,  at 
Paris ;  who,  after  expressing  a  high  opinion  of  Mr.  Say's 
acquirements,  added,  that  it  was  to  be  regretted  his  Papers 
had  not  been  illustrated  with  plates,  as  there  was  ambiguity 
in  some  of  his  descriptions,  which  figures  might  tend  to 
solve.* 

The  time  which  systematic  descriptions  of  objects  of  natu- 

*  I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  John  L.  LeConte  for  the  following  note  : — 
Erichson,  the  greatest  master  of  the  new  school  of  Entomology,  does  not 
coincide  with  Latreille,  in  the  opinion  above  expressed,  regarding  the 
clearness  of  Say's  descriptions.  In  the  Genera  et  Species  Staphylinomm, 
preface,  page  vii.,  occurs  the  following  remarkable  encomium:  "Ver- 
borum  copiam  descriptiones  nequaquam  distinctiores  reddere,  Linnsei, 
Fabriciique  et  Illigeri  exemplo  liquet,  brevitate  vero  neminem  pracellere 
video  Sayum  Americanum,  qui  descriptiones  adeo  edidit  concisas,  ut 
diagnoseos  volumen  vix  superent,  nihilominus  adeo  lucidas  ut  vix 
speciem  quandam  ab  illo  exhibitam  unquam  invenies  dubiam.  Sunt 
autem  auctores  quoque  plurimi,  simili  describendi  modo  usi,  illistamen 
viris  ingenio  impares,  qui  descriptionibus  abbreviatis  species  nonnisi 
dubias  et  obscuras  provulgant."  Higher  commendation  could  be  given 
to  none  and  by  none. 


MEMOIR   OF   THOMAS    SAY.  XV. 

ral  history  require,  is  much  greater  than  what  is  commonly 
imagined ;  and  the  difficulty  of  accurately  distinguishing 
specific  characters  is  known  only  to  those  who  are  familiar 
with  these  matters.  "  Specific  characters,"  says  Wildenow, 
"to  be  perfect,  must  he  common  to  no  other  of  the  genus." 
It  hence  follows,  that  the  describer's  knowledge  must  not 
only  be  positive  but  relative,  as  no  one  can  define  systemati- 
cally, without  knowing  what  are  the  characteristics  of  other 
species  of  the  same  genus. 

This  difficulty  was  probably  the  cause  of  the  want  of 
technical  precision  above  referred  to ;  as  from  Mr.  Say's 
anxiety  to  prepare  some  of  his  papers  for  the  press,  in  order 
to  secure  the  honour  of  discovery,  he  did  not  allow  himself 
that  time  in  their  composition  which,  from  their  nature,  they 
required. 

With  respect  to  the  literary  part  of  Mr.  Say's  labours,  it 
has  been  conjectured  that  posterity  will  not  award  him  that 
praise  to  which  his  talents  and  zeal  should  seem  to  entitle 
him.  No  natural  historian  can  reasonably  expect  durable 
celebrity,  without  having  established  his  reputation  upon 
the  foundation  of  polite  learning.  The  ponderous  tomes  of 
the  elder  naturalists  of  Europe,  sought  after,  not  for  their 
intrinsic  value,  but  for  their  rarity,  lie  neglected  in  some 
obscure  nook  of  our  libraries ;  their  erudite  authors,  dis- 
daining a  sacrifice  to  the  Muses,  received  no  inspiration 
from  the  sacred  mount,  and  they  are  fast  passing  into  ob- 
livion. Whereas  Buffon,  whose  acquirements  in  some 
branches  of  natural  history  were  so  very  slender,  that  many 
writers  refuse  to  admit  his  authority,  has,  nevertheless, 
erected  a  monument  to  the  glory  of  the  French  language 
more  durable  than  brass  or  marble.  Where  is  the  English 
student  who  has  not  refreshed  his  mind  with  the  graphical 
descriptions,  and  the  chaste  language,  of  the  "Animated 
Nature  "  of  Goldsmith,  although  it  is  well  known  that  this 
illustrious  writer  had  little  knowledge  of  natural  history, 
except  what  was  derived  from  books. 

Had  our  lamented  friend  not  misemployed  his  youth,  he 


XVI.  MEMOIR   OF   THOMAS    SAY. 

might  have  acquired  a  taste  for  classical  literature,  which 
would  not  only  have  tended  to  increase  his  influence  in  so- 
ciety, but  which  would  have  furnished  him  with  the  means 
of  usefulness,  proportioned  to  the  extent  and  variety  of  his 
acquirements  in  natural  knowledge.  But  he  appeared  not 
to  have  been  fully  sensible  of  his  deficiency  until  it  was  too 
late  to  supply  it.  As  it  is  the  nature  of  a  favourite  occupa- 
tion, long  continued,  to  absorb  the  attention,  to  the  exclu- 
sion of  other  pursuits,  so  Mr.  Say's  passion  for  discoveries 
became  so  predominant,  that  any  attempt  to  change  his 
habits  of  thinking  would  have  proved  as  vain  as  efforts  to 
control  the  natural  affections  of  his  heart. 

There  are  two  classes  of  readers  to  whom  the  major  part  of 
writers  on  zoology,  of  the  present  day,  address  themselves : 
the  reader  for  pastime,  and  the  scientific  naturalist.  Now 
that  it  is  possible  to  conciliate  the  good  opinion  of  both  tnese 
classes,  is  proved  by  the  success  of  some  publications  of  re- 
cent date,  in  which  strict  attention  has  been  paid  to  nomen- 
clature, arrangement  and  definition,  and  in  which  the  habits 
of  the  animals  have  been  detailed  with  all  the  fidelity  of 
truth,  and  in  all  the  charms  of  diction. 

That  even  in  works  on  Entomology  these  two  objects  are  not 
incompatible,  the  most  indifferent  observer  of  those  insects, 
with  which  we  are  familiar,  must  be  fully  sensible  of ;  for 
who  that  takes  the  pains  to  note  the  industry  and  economy 
of  the  honey-bee,  or  the  patience  and  skill  of  spiders,  will 
hesitate  to  confess,  that  lessons  of  wisdom  may  be  derived 
from  objects  which  our  self  love  would  fain  induce  us  to 
consider  as  too  insignificant  for  our  regard ! 

The  reason  of  Mr.  Say's  having  written  so  little  of  the 
habits  and  economy  of  the  subjects  of  his  papers,  may  be 
derived  from  the  difficulty  of  expression,  which  all  those  ex- 
perience who  are  not  familiar  with  the  rules  of  language, 
and  the  practice  of  good  writers.  Many  a  valuable  idea  is 
suffered  to  lie  dormant  in  the  mind,  for  the  want  of  a  suita- 
ble vehicle  to  communicate  it.  And,  it  may  be  added,  not- 
withstanding the  sneers  of  our  modern  pseudo-philosophers, 


MEMOIR    OF    THOMAS    SAY.  xvii. 

who  affect  to  consider  the  time  spent  in  the  acquisition  of 
words  as  worse  than  useless,  that  precisely  in  proportion  to 
the  augmentation  of  our  vocabulary,  and  our  phraseology. 
do  we  enlarge  our  stores  of  ideas,  and  acquire  a  facility  in 
communicating  them. 

The  aid  which  language  affords,  in  the  development  of 
ideas,  has  not  been  sufficiently  attended  to  by  those  writers 
who  have  made  the  operations  of  the  human  mind  the  sub- 
ject of  their  meditations.  "  Ilien  ne  marque  mieux  un  esprit 
juste  et  droit,"  says  Voltaire,  "que  de  s'exprimer  claire- 
ment.  Les  expressions  ne  sont  confuses  que  quand  les  idee- 
le  sont."  The  practice  of  this  great  writer  will  convince  us, 
that  he  who  has  a  store  of  language  must  be  rich  in  ideas, 
and  that  that  thought  is  seldom  confused  which  can  call  to 
its  aid  a  conformity  of  diction,  or  a  facility  of  expression. 

There  is  an  opinion  prevalent  among  the  gross  of  readers, 
that  clearness  of  phraseology  demands  no  extraordinary  ef- 
fort of  the  intellect ;  and  that  if  writers  would  be  satisfied  with 
clothing  their  thoughts  in  simple  language,  the  labours  of 
authorship  would  be  greatly  diminished.  It  would  be  a 
difficult  matter  to  convince  such  thinkers,  that  the  easy, 
graceful  diction,  which  appears  to  flow  spontaneously  from 
the  mind,  is,  in  effect,  one  of  its  hardest  attainments  ;  it  is 
the  result  of  continued  application,  under  the  control  of  taste 
and  judgment :  it  is  one  of  the  noblest  triumphs  of  art.  One 
would  suppose  that  Addison  wrote  his  Spectators  currente 
calaniQ,  and  that  the  Ramblers  of  Johnson  were  the  purchase 
of  toil  and  research  ;  whereas  the  truth  appears  to  be,  that 
the  former  owe  their  perfection  to  the  repeated  labour  of  re- 
vision, and  that  the  latter  were  the  product  of  moments 
which  neither  admitted  of  reflection  nor  delay. 

These  observations,  apparently  out  of  place,  will  not  be 
thought  irrelevant  to  our  subject  when  we  state  that  Mr. 
Say  maintained  the  opinion  above  mentioned.  That  he 
was  self-deceived,  would  be  evident  from  a  glance  at  his  own 
writings  ;  for  where  he  fancied  his  expression  to  be  most 
clear,  there  frequently  is  the  greatest  obscurity  ;  and  where 


Xviii.  MEMOIR    OF    THOMAS    SAY. 

he  thought  he  was  confining  himself  to  a  simple  declaration 
of  facts,  the  diction  he  employs  is  so  turgid  or  pleonastic, 
that  one  would  almost  be  tempted  to  believe  he  esteemed 
facts  of  less  importance  than  the  cadence  of  a  period.* 

During  the  latter  part  of  Mr.  Say's  residence  in  Phila- 
delphia, he  had  duties  to  perform  besides  those  which  ap- 
pertained to  his  own  pursuits.  Charles  Lucien  Bonaparte, 
Prince  of  Musignano,  wishing  to  communicate  to  the  public 
some  observations  on  certain  subjects  of  natural  history,  and 
critical  remarks  upon  the  Ornithology  of  Wilson,  sought  the 
assistance  of  Mr.  Say,  who  cheerfully  granted  it ;  hence  all 
those  papers  to  which  the  name  of  Charles  Bonaparte  is  at- 
tached, in  the  Journal  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences, 
were  corrected  and  arranged  for  publication  by  Mr.  Say  ; 
whose  task  was  troublesome,  inasmuch  as  it  is  less  difficult 
to  compose  entirely  from  materials  furnished  by  another, 
than  to  place  into  form  the  crude  language  of  one  but  par- 
tially acquainted  with  the  idiom  of  our  tongue.  Mr.  Say, 
also,  was  employed  by  the  Prince  of  Musignano  to  prepare 
for  the  press  his  first  volume  of  "  The  Natural  History  of 
Birds  inhabiting  the  United  States,"  in  continuation  of 
Wilson's  American  Ornithology.  This  volume,  subsequently, 
for  reasons  which  need  not  be  here  stated,  underwent  the 
revision  and  correction  of  the  late  Dr.  Godman. 

The  readiness  with  which  Mr.  Say  attended  to  the  wants 
of  others,  his  liberality  in  communicating  his  knowledge  to 
those  who  sought  it,  together  with  his  urbanity  and  cum 
panionable  qualities,  were  the  occasion  of  such  repeated  in- 
terruptions, that  he  felt  constrained  to  appropriate  those 
hours  to  his  private  studies,  which  ought  to  have  been  de- 
voted to  rest ;  hence  to  him  the  season  of  midnight  was  the 
hour  of  prime,  it  was  the  time  of  stillness  and  tranquility  ; 
and  so  greatly  did  he  enjoy  these  vigils,  that  he  not  unfre- 
quently  prolonged  them,  even  during  the  summer,  until  the 
approach  of  day.     Of  this  injudicious  application  to  study 

*  See  particularly  American  Entomology,  Vol.  I.,  article  Blaps  sutu- 
ralis,  and  Silliman's  Journal  of  Science,  Vol.  I.,  article  Herpelology. 


MEMOIR    OF    THOMAS    SAT.  XIX. 

he  soon  became  sensible,  by  the  derangement  of  his  digestive 
organs,  which  resulted  in  dysenteric  affections,  that,  prob- 
ably, were  the  remote  cause  of  the  illness  which  carried  him 
to  the  grave. 

Another  cause  of  indisposition,  if  not  of  disease,  may  have 
been  those  habits  of  rigid  abstemiousness,  to  which  Mr.  Say 
addicted  himself  after  his  retirement  to  New  Harmony. 
The  maxim  of  Seneca,  that  "  We  have  a  sufficiency  when 
we  have  what  nature  requires,"  how  just  soever  in  itself, 
may,  nevertheless,  lead  to  harm,  if  we  fail  to  inquire  what 
are  the  requisitions  of  nature,  and  if  we  neglect  to  supply 
them.  That  the  abstinence  of  Mr.  Say,  and  his  prototype, 
Mr.  Maclure,  was  carried  to  an  injurious  excess,  we  may 
safely  infer  from  the  fact,  that  the  expenditure  for  the  daily 
food  of  each,  for  a  considerable  time,  amounted  to  no  more 
than  the  sum  of  six  cents.* 

Although  on  the  score  of  Mr.  Say's  literary  acquirements 
there  may  be  a  diversity  of  opinion,  yet  there  can  be  but 
one  sentiment  with  regard  to  his  industry,  his  zeal,  and  the 
extent  of  his  knowledge  of  natural  history,  particularly  of 
that  class  of  zoology  to  which  he  was  most  attached,  En- 
tomology. His  discoveries  of  new  species  of  insects  were, 
perhaps,  greater  than  ever  had  been  made  by  a  single  in- 
dividual, and  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  many  of  them  yet 
remain  in  his  cabinet  undescribed.f  The  natm-alists  of 
Europe,  fully  sensible  of  his  rare  qualifications,  were  not 

*  This  singular  fact  I  had  from  Mr.  Maclure's  own  letters.  The  folly 
of  some  men,  reputed  philosophers,  is  sometimes  very  striking.  Seneca 
maintained  that  a  little  bread  and  water  was  all  that  nature  required  ; 
as  to  clothes  and  lodging,  says  he,  we  may  cover  ourselves  with  the 
skins  of  beasts,  and  with  a  few  oziers  and  a  little  clay  we  may  defend 
ourselves  against  the  vicissitudes  of  the  weather.  But  did  this  illus- 
trious moralist  exemplify  his  own  precepts?  Hear  him  :  "  if  1  do  not 
live  as  1  preach,  take  notice,  that  I  do  not  speak  of  myself,  but  of  vir- 
tue." Of  what  utility  is  theory  without  practice?  On  this  head  our 
New  Harmony  philosophers  were  more  ((insistent  than  the  preceptor  of 
Nero,  for  they  really  enforced  their  own  doctrines  by  their  example. 

f  This  cabinet  has  been  since  entirely  destroyed. 


XX.  MEMOIR    OF    THOMAS    SAY. 

backward  in  acknowledging  his  merits,  for  we  find  his  name 
in  the  noble  list  of  Foreign  Members  of  the  Linnean  Society 
of  London,  and  that  of  tbe  Zoological  Society  of  the  same 
capital ;  an  enviable  distinction,  which  our  countryman  must 
have  justly  valued,  when  he  reflected  that  the  former  is  re- 
stricted to  the  number  of  fifty,  and  the  latter  to  five-and- 
twenty. 

We  have  merely  noted,  in  a  cursory  way,  Mr.  Say's  in- 
dustry and  zeal ;  details  would  be  superfluous,  as  the  variety 
and  extent  of  his  labours  amply  testify  to  these  points. 

Of  his  moral  character  we  are  now  to  speak,  but  so  many 
delightful  recollections  rush  forward  at  once,  that  we  hardly 
know  which  has  the  claim  to  precedence.  Those  who  had 
the  best  opportunities  of  knowing  him,  his  venerable  mother,* 
and  his  affectionate  sister,  speak  in  such  unqualified  terms 
of  his  domestic  virtues,  that  his  value  as  a  son  and  a  brother 
must  have  been  beyond  all  eulogy.  His  disposition  was  so 
truly  amiable,  his  manners  wei'e  so  bland  and  conciliating, 
that  no  one,  after  having  once  formed  his  acquaintance,  could 
cease  to  esteem  him.  A  remarkable  feature  in  his  character 
was  his  modesty,  which,  leading  to  habits  of  retirement,  in 
some  respects  unfitted  him  for  the  intercourse  of  society,  ex- 
cept that  of  his  private  friends,  where,  it  may  be  said,  he  was 
truly  at  home,  and  where  he  was  the  idol  of  every  heart. 

A  diffidence  of  his  own  powers  was  a  perpetual  barrier  to 
advancement  in  life,  as  it  is  known  that  he  declined  a  pro- 
fessorship of  natural  history,  offered  him  by  the  trustees  of 
one  of  our  learned  institutions,  on  the  score  of  his  supposed 
inability  to  lecture  in  an  acceptable  manner.  And  on  the 
death  of  Dr.  Baldwin,  the  botanist  and  historian  to  Major 
Long's  first  expedition,  Mr.  Say  refused  the  situation  of 
Journalist,  offered  to  him  by  the  commander,  alleging  his 
want  of  qualification  for  that  responsible  employment.  This 
distrust  of  his  own  acquirements  led,  in  some  instances,  to 


*  This  respectable  old  lady,  who  died  not  long  after  the  delivery  of 
this  discourse,  was  Mr.  Say's  step-mother. 


MEMOIR   OF    THOMAS    SAY.  XXI. 

beneficial  results,  as,  being  always  open  to  conviction,  he 
readily  yielded  to  the  advice  of  those  of  his  friends  in  whose 
judgment,  in  literary  matters,  he  placed  reliance. 

Conscious  of  rectitude  himself,  ingenuous  and  sincere, 
whenever  he  fancied  he  perceived  either  artifice  or  dissimu- 
lation in  any  person,  his  aversion  was  prompt  and  decisive; 
and  yet,  in  that  useful  talent  which  enables  one  readily  to 
discriminate  human  character,  that  tact  by  which  we  can 
read  the  soufc  as  it  were,  in  the  countenance,  he  was  so 
singularly  deficient,  that  the  most  barefaced  impostor,  with 
a  knowledge  of  the  bias  of  his  mind,  would  find  no  difficulty 
in  securing  his  confidence. 

This  imperfect  sketch  of  our  deceased  member  would  be 
wanting  in  two  essential  particulars,  were  I  to  omit  a  dis- 
tinct enforcement  of  his  integrity,  and  his  love  of  veracity. 
These  noble  virtues,  indispensable  in  every  condition  of  hu- 
man life,  especially  to  those  who  devote  themselves  to  the 
study  of  nature,  were  so  firmly  established  within  his  mind, 
so  entirely  did  they  control  his  actions,  that,  with  all  those 
who  had  the  happiness  of  his  acquaintance,  the  name  of 
Thomas  Say  was  synonymous  with  honour,  and  his  word 
the  expression  of  truth. 


PREFACE  TO  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGY.* 


The  author's  design,  in  the  present  work,  is  to  exemplify 
the  genera  and  species  of  the  insects  of  the  United  States. 
by  means  of  colored  engravings.  He  enters  upon  the  task 
without  any  expectation  of  pecuniary  remuneration,  and 
fully  aware  of  the  many  obstacles  by  which  he  must  inevita- 
bly be  opposed. 

The  graphic  execution  of  the  work  will  exhibit  the  present 
state  of  the  arts  in  this  country,  as  applied  to  this  particular 
department  of  natural  science,  as  no  attention  will  be  want- 
ing, in  this  respect,  to  render  the  work  worthy  of  the  en- 
couragement of  the  few  who  have  devoted  a  portion  of  their 
attention  to  animated  nature. 

To  such  persons,  as  well  as  to  those  whose  information  is 
sufficiently  comprehensive  to  enable  them  duly  to  appreciate 
the  various  departments  of  human  knowledge,  this  book  is 
more  especially  addressed ;  and  the  author  would  happily 
profit  by  their  friendly  co-operation  in  the  correction  of  any 
errors  that  may  appear,  in  the  enunciation  of  new  facts  in 
the  manners  and  economy  of  insects,  or  in  the  addition  of 
species  and  localities. 

It  is  not  possible,  in  the  present  state  of  our  collections, 
to  publish  all  the  species  in  regular  systematic  succession  ; 
and  the  Entomologist  will  therefore  observe,  that  although 
the  specimens  are  somewhat  indiscriminately  described  and 

*  The  dedication  of  this  work  is  as  follows  :  To  William  Maclure, 
President  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  and  of 
the  American  Geological  Society,  Member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society,  &c.  &c,  distinguished  as  a  successful  cultivator,  and  munificent 
patron,  of  the  Natural  Sciences,  this  work  is  respectfully  inscribed,  by 
his  much  obliged  and  most  obedient  servant,  The  Author, 


XXIV.  PREFACE   TO    AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

figured,  yet  care  has  been  taken  that  species  of  different 
genera  be  not  represented  in  the  same  plate.  The  pages 
are  not  numbered,  and  the  enumeration  of  the  plates,  which 
is  on  the  inferior  margin  of  the  impression,  is  referred  to 
beneath  the  text.  This  arrangement  will  admit  of  the  work 
being  bound  up.  when  completed,  agreeably  to  systematic 
order  in  the  succession  of  genera,  without  any  apparent 
confusion  of  numerals. 

In  order  that  the  descriptions  may  be  understood  by  those 
who  are  not  conversant  with  the  science,  we  subjoin  an  ex- 
planation of  the  technical  terms  used  in  Entomology,  illus- 
trated by  elementary  plates. 

Six  plates  of  the  present  volume,  together  with  their  ac- 
companying text,  were  printed  off  in  the  year  1817,  but  as 
they  were  never  properly  published,  it  has  been  thought 
advisable  to  include  them  in  the  present  work. 

With  these  preliminary  notices,  the  first  volume  of  the 
American  Entomology  is  submitted  to  the  patrons  of  science  ; 
and  whatever  may  be  its  merits  or  its  defects,  we  must  ob- 
serve, that  it  is  the  first  attempt  of  its  kind  in  this  country. 
It  is  an  enterprise  that  may  be  compared  to  that  of  a  pioneer 
or  early  settler  in  a  strange  land,  whose  office  it  is  to  be- 
come acquainted  with  the  various  productions  exhibited  to  his 
view,  in  order  to  select  such  as  may  be  beneficial,  either  as  re- 
gards his  physical  gratification,  or  his  moral  improvement, 
and  in  order  to  counteract  the  effects  of  others  that  may 
have  a  tendency  to  limit  his  prosperity.  From  the  novelty 
of  the  surrounding  objects,  or  the  imperfection  of  his  im- 
plements, it  is  vain  to  suppose  that  his  selection  would  be 
unerring,  or  his  system  of  culture  invariably  judicious.  But 
un abating  industry  and  zeal  remove  obstacles  that  for  ever 
bar  the  advance  of  indolence  or  timidity  ;  and  if  our  utmost 
exertions  can  perform  only  a  part  of  a  projected  task,  they 
may,  at  the  same  time,  claim  the  praise  due  to  the  adventurous 
pioneer,  of  removing  the  difficulties  in  favor  of  our  successors. 


AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGY. 


PAPILIO.     Plate  I. 

Generic  Character.  Antennae  terminating  in  a  conic-ovate  or 
elongate-ovate,  somewhat  arquated  club ;  palpi  pressed  closely  to 
the  front,  hardly  reaching  the  clypeus,  the  terminal  joint  obsolete 
or  very  minute ;  feet  all  formed  for  walking,  armed  with  simple 
claws  at  tip;  superior  wings  somewhat  falcate;  inferior  wings 
often  tailed  at  tip,  and  on  the  inner  margin  excised  or  folded 
to  admit  of  the  free  motion  of  the  abdomen. 

Obs.  The  Caterpillars  in  this  genus  are  destitute  of  a  hairy  or 
spiny  armature ;  but,  when  disturbed,  they  suddenly  project  from 
the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  neck  a  soft  bifid  append- 
age, which  diffuses  a  strong  odor.  This  singular  organ,  although 
somewhat  formidable  in  appearance,  is  yet  perfectly  harmless  ;  it 
may,  however,  serve  the  purpose  of  repelling  the  enemies  of  the 
larva,  rather,  perhaps,  by  the  odor  it  emits,  than  by  its  me- 
nacing aspect. 

The  pupae  or  chrysalids  are,  for  the  most  part,  of  an  angu- 
lated  form,  with  two  processes  or  lobes  before ;  they  are  secured 
in  an  upright  position  by  a  silken  thread,  which  passes  transversely 
around  the  body. 

The  perfect  insects  are  considered  by  many  observers  as  the 
most  beautiful  part  of  the  creation. 

Papilio  Philenor  Fabr. — Specific  character.  Wings  tailed, 
green-black ;  posterior  pair  green,  polished,  with  seven  fulvous 
subocellar  spots  beneath. 

Papilio  Astinous  Drury,  vol.  i.  tab.  11,  fig.  1,  4.  Cramer, 
Ins.  tab.  208,  fig.  A,  B. 

P.  Philenor  Fabricius,  and  of  Smith  and  Abbot's  Insects  of 
Georgia. 

Desc.  Head  black;  eyes  red-brown,  posterior  orbits  yellow; 

1 


2  AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

palpi  yellowish  before  ;  a  white  dot  behind  the  base  of  each  an- 
tenna ;  neck  with  two  dots  before,  and  a  band  of  four  dots  be- 
hind. 

Thorax  black,  immaculate;  breast  dotted  with  yellow;  feet 
black,  anterior  trochanters  with  an  obsolete  yellow  dot ;  superior 
wings  dark  green,  sometimes  blackish,  with  whitish  crenae ;  four 
or  five  white  spots  on  the  margin,  more  conspicuous  beneath, 
often  obsolete  above  ;  inferior  wings  highly  polished,  green ;  six 
pearl-white  spots  before  the  margin  ;  crenae  white ;  beneath  with 
a  yellow  spot  at  base,  brownish,  with  a  very  broad  polished  green 
border,  upon  which  are  seven  large  fulvous  spots,  each  surrounded 
by  a  black  ring,  and  marked  by  a  lateral  white  spot ;  on  the  in- 
ner edge  about  six  small  white  dots. 

Abdomen  green,  a  little  brassy  above ;  a  lateral  double  row  of 
whitish  dots ;  first  segment  with  a  single  larger  spot  conspicuous 
above. 

Female  larger,  color  of  the  wings  brown,  with  cupreous  re- 
flections. 

The  PMlenor  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  our  butterflies, 
and  is,  at  the  same  time,  very  common. 

The  plate  represents  the  male  in  two  positions. 

STIZUS.    Plate  II. 

Generic  character.  Thorax  with  the  first  segment  transverse 
linear ;  feet  short  or  moderately  long ;  labrum  entirely  exserted, 
short,  semicircular:  palpi  filiform,  maxillary  ones  longer,  six- 
jointed;  labial  palpi  four-jointed:  ocelli  very  distinct :  superior 
wings  not  folded  longitudinally :  radial  cellule  one,  elongated ; 
'cubital  cellules  three,  the  second  narrowed  before,  and  receiving 
the  two  recurrent  nervures ;  the  third  not  attaining  to  the  end  of 
the  wing. 

Obs.  Latreille  formed  this  genus  for  the  reception  of  many 
species  of  the  tribe  Bembecides,  distinguished  by  the  above  re- 
cited characters.  These  species  had  previously  been  placed  in 
the  genus  Bembex  by  Fabricius  and  Olivier,  in  that  of  Crabro  by 
Rossi  and  Fabricius,  in  Larra  by  Illiger  and  Fabricius,  in  Sphex 
by  Villers,  in  Mellinus  by  Panzer,  in  Liris  and  Scolia  by  Fabri- 
cius, and  by  Latreille,  in  his  earlier  works,  in  Monedula. 

Of  all  the  genera  which  form  the  order  Hymenoptera,  the  pre- 
sent genus  is  the  most  closely  allied  to  those  of  Monedula  and 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  6 

Bcmbex,  in  the  general  appearance  of  the  insects  of  which  it  is 
composed,  as  well  as  in  the  distribution  of  the  nervures  of  their 
wings.  This  affinity  is  so  striking  in  many  species  of  these 
groups,  that  it  becomes  necessary  to  inspect  the  form  of  the  la- 
bruni,  in  order  to  decide  upon  their  respective  appropriate  genus. 
A  very  remarkable  difference  is  observable  in  this  organ,  which 
in  those  genera,  is  much  elongated  and  triangular,  but  in  Stizus, 
it  is  short  and  semiorbicular.  Nearly  all  the  species  have  three 
spines  at  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen,  as  in  the  genus  Scolia, 
but  they  cannot  be  considered  as  Scolise,  as  their  eyes  are  entire, 
and  the  form  and  number  of  the  wing  cellules  are  altogether  dif- 
ferent. 

Stizus  grandis. — Specific  character.  Segments  of  the  ab- 
domen, each  with  a  yellow  band,  and  lateral  blackish  spot. 

Stizus  grandis  nobis,  Western  Quarterly  Reporter,  vol.  ii. 
p.  77. 

Desc.  Antennae  black,  the  three  basal  joints  rufous;  front  and 
labrum  yellowish ;  thorax  with  a  yellowish  spot  on  the  anterior 
angle,  and  first  segment  margined  with  yellowish  ;  scutel  ferrugi- 
nous ;  wings  ferruginous,  dusky  at  tip ;  feet  ferruginous  ;  tergum 
ferruginous,  each  segment  with  a  yellow  band,  and  lateral,  black- 
ish, oblique,  sublinear  spot;  venter  with  an  obsolete  margin  on 
the  second  segment,  and  obsolete  lateral  triangles  on  the  remain- 
ing segments,  yellowish. 

Male.  Head,  thorax,  base  of  the  three  or  four  terminal,  and  of 
the  abdominal  segments,  and  beneath,  black ;  bands  of  the  abdo- 
men uninterrupted ;  lateral  spot  of  the  first  band  obsolete  or 
wanting ;  anal  spines  none.  Length  to  the  tip  of  the  wings,  one 
inch  and  a  fifth. 

Female.  Ferruginous ;  basal  band  of  the  abdomen,  and  some- 
times the  second  and  third  bands,  interrupted  in  the  middle ; 
lateral  spot  of  the  first  abdominal  band  very  oblique.  Length  to 
the  tip  of  the  wings,  one  inch  and  three  fifths. 

Obs.  This  remarkably  fine  and  new  species  is  very  distinct  from 
the  speciosus  of  Drury,  and  is  somewhat  larger  than  that  com- 
mon insect.  When  descending  along  the  bank  of  the  Arkansa 
river,  with  a  detachment  of  Major  Long's  exploring  party,  I  had 
frequent  opportunities  of  observing  this  species.  It  generally 
occurred  upon  flowers,  in  company  with  many  other  interesting 
Hymcnopterous  insects.     It  is  highly  probable,  that,    like  the 


4  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

spcciosus,  the  grandis  nidificates  in  the  earth,  and  feeds  its  larvae 
with  the  dead  bodies  of  Cicadas,. 

The  speciosus,  grandis,  and  a  few  other  large  species,  ought  to 
constitute  a  distinct  division  in  this  genus,  distinguished  by  the 
want  of  spines  at  the  tail  of  the  male. 

The  upper  figure  represents  the  female,  and  the  lower  left 
figure  the  male,  both  of  the  natural  size. 

Stizus  unicinctus. — Specific  character.  Black,  opaque ;  ab- 
domen polished,  with  a  rufous  band  above  j  wings  dark  violace- 
ous. 

Stizus  unicinctus  nobis,  Western  Quarterly  Reporter,  vol.  i. 
p.  77. 

Obs.  A  broad,  bright  rufous  band  occupies  the  basal  half  of 
the  second  segment  of  the  tergum.  The  wings  are  blackish-vio- 
laceous, and  the  anal  spines  are  prominent.  The  length  of  the 
male  is  half  an  inch. 

This  species  occurred  on  the  banks  of  the  Arkansa  river,  in 
company  with  the  preceding  insect. 

The  lower  right  figure  magnified,  and  beneath  is  an  outline 
showing  the  natural  size. 

LYTTA.     Plate  III. 

Generic  character.  Tarsi  entire ;  nails  bifid :  head  not  pro- 
duced into  a  rostrum ;  elytra  flexible,  covering  the  whole  abdomen, 
linear,  semicylindric ;  wings  perfect ;  inaxillas  with  two  membra- 
naceous lacinise,  the  external  one  acute  within,  subuncinate ;  an- 
tennae longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  rectilinear;  first  joint 
longest,  the  second  transverse,  very  short :  maxillary  palpi  larger 
at  tip.  • 

Obs.  To  this  group  of  insects  belongs  the  celebrated  "  Spanish 
fly,"  distinguished  in  the  healing  art  for  its  vesicating  virtue. 
The  species  were  placed  by  Linne  in  his  genus  Meloe ;  Geoffroy, 
Degeer,  Olivier,  Lamarck,  Latreille,  and  Leach,  distinguished 
them  by  the  name  of  Cantharis ;  and  Fabricius,  Marsham,  and 
Dejean,  apply  the  designation  I  have  adopted. 

The  larvae  live  in  the  earth,  and  the  perfect  insect  is  often 
gregarious,  feeding  on  leaves. 

It  is  highly  probable  that  all,  or  nearly  all,  of  the  North 
American  species,  are  endowed  with  the  same  properties  that 
have  so  long  rendered  the  L.  vesicatoria  almost  indispensable  to 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  5 

the  practice  of  medicine ;  and  it  is  certain  that  a  sufficient  quan- 
tity may  be  collected  in  the  United  States  to  supply  the  demand 
of  the  shops,  to  the  complete  exclusion  of  the  foreign  insect. 

Lytta  Nuttalli. — Specific  character.  Bright  green,  varied 
with  golden ;  elytra  golden  purple ;  feet  black,  thighs  blue,  tro- 
chanters armed  with  a  spine. 

L.  Nuttalli  nobis,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  vol.  iii.  p.  300. 

Desc.  Body  glabrous  :  head  deep  greenish,  varied  with  golden  ; 
front  punctured,  subimpressed,  and  with  a  small  rufous  spot; 
antennae  robust,  surpassing  the  base  of  the  thorax,  black,  opaque  : 
joints  turbinate,  approaching  to  moniliform,  the  margin  of  the  tip 
rounded  ;  second  joint  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  third  ;  termi- 
nal joints  largest  near  the  middle,  and  rapidly  attenuated  to  an 
acute  tip :  eyes  oblong-oval,  emarginate :  palpi  black  :  clypeus 
and  labrum  obscure :  thorax  golden-green,  polished,  with  un- 
equal, minute,  sparse  punctures  :  a  longitudinal,  dorsal,  impressed 
line,  and  a  transverse  basal  one ;  base  bluish,  anterior  angles 
prominent :  scutel  blue,  obtuse  behind :  elytra  red,  or  golden- 
purple,  somewhat  rugose :  two  indistinct  elevated  lines  on  the 
disk,  and  a  submarginal  one :  beneath  green,  polished :  feet 
black ;  thighs  beneath  blue  or  purplish ;  trochanters  armed  with 
a  conic  spine  near  the  inner  base,  obsolete  or  wanting  in  the 
female. 

Obs.  This  noble  species,  which  in  magnitude  and  splendor 
surpasses  the  far-famed  vesicatoria,  has,  I  understand,  been 
labelled  in  a  British  cabinet  with  the  name  which  I  have  here 
adopted,  in  honor  of  Mr.  Thomas  Nuttall,  who  discovered  it. 

Although  this  insect  certainly  belongs  to  this  genus,  yet  the 
proportional  length,  of  the  second  and  third  joints  of  the  antennae, 
is  somewhat  similar  to  that  of  the  genus  Zonitis,  as  defined  by 
Latreille  in  the  Regne  Animal.  In  common  with  several  other 
American  species,  the  antennae  increase  a  little  in  thickness  to- 
wards the  tip,  but  are  much  shorter  than  in  Zonitis.  These  cha- 
racters, combined  with  the  form  of  the  terminal  joint,  seem  to 
prove  a  close  alliance  with  the  genus  Mylabris,  but  the  antennae 
are  not  arquated  at  tip,  and  are  of  a  more  considerable  length ; 
the  habit  also  differs,  the  form  of  the  body  being  more  elongated. 
The  species,  then,  possessing  the  form  of  antennas  above  noted, 


6  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

seem  to  have  the  habit  of  Lytta,  combined  with  a  form  of  antennae 
allied  to  that  of  Mylabris. 

They  cannot  be  referred  to  Zonitis,  as  the  palpi  are  not  filiform, 
and  the  habit  does  not  agree. 

The  Nuttallii  seems  to  be  limited  to  the  western  region.  In 
company  with  Major  Long,  I  observed  it,  for  the  first  time,  near 
the  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  A  very  numerous  flock  had 
there  taken  possession  of  the  few  diminutive  bushes  that  occurred 
within  the  space  of  a  hundred  yards,  every  spray  of  which  was 
burdened  with  their  numbers.  After  passing  this  limited  dis- 
trict, not  an  individual  was  seen  during  the  remainder  of  our 
journey.  On  the  recent  expedition  of  the  same  officer  to  the 
river  St.  Peter,  I  obtained  but  a  single  specimen,  which  was  found 
one  evening  at  an  encampment  in  the  North  West  Territory. 

The  upper  left  figure,  natural  size. 

Lytta  albida. — Specific  character.  Black,  covered  with 
dense  whitish  hair. 

L.  albida  nobis,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  vol.  iii.  p.  305. 

Desc.  Body  black,  entirely  covered  by,  dense,  short,  prostrate 
greenish  or  yellowish-white  hairs ;  head  with  a  longitudinal  im- 
pressed line;  antennae  subglabrous;  first  and  second  joints 
rufous,  the  latter  nearly  equal  in  length  to  the  third  joint ;  cly- 
peus,  labrum,  and  palpi  pale  rufous ;  tarsi  black. 

Obs.  Another  remarkably  fine  species,  which  I  discovered 
within  about  a  hundred  miles  of  the  Bocky  Mountains,  during 
the  progress  of  Major  Long's  expedition  over  that  vast  desert. 
It  appeared  to  be  feeding  upon  the  scanty  grass,  in  a  situation 
from  which  the  eye  could  not  rest  upon  a  tree,  or  even  a  humble 
shrub,  throughout  the  entire  range  of  its  vision,  to  interrupt  the 
uniformity  of  a  far  outspreading,  gently  undulated  surface,  that, 
like  the  ocean,  presented  an  equal  horizon  in  every  direction. 

The  upper  right  figure  natural  size. 

Lytta  maculata. — Specific  character.  Black,  covered  with 
cinereous  hair ;  elytra  spotted  with  black. 

L.  maculata  nobis,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  vol.  iii.  p.  398. 

Desc.  Body  black,  invested  with  cinereous,  prostrate  hairs; 
head  with  an  impressed,  longitudinal  line;  antennae,  joints  cylin- 
drical, and  with  the  labrum  and  palpi  glabrous  :  maxillary  palpi 
much  dilated  at  tip ;  eyes  elongated,  retuse  behind  the  antennae 


AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGY.  7 

and  behind  the  insertion  of  the  maxillae;  thorax  subquadrate, 
narrower  than  the  head,  a  longitudinal  impressed  line,  and  a  trans- 
verse basal  one;  elytra  with  numerous  orbicular,  black  dots, 
irregularly  placed,  sometimes  confluent,  and  are  the  effect  of  the 
absence  in  those  parts  of  the  cinereous  hair;  tarsi,  tips  of  the 
tibia  and  thighs  glabrous. 

Ohs.  This  insect  is  much  smaller  than  the  preceding  ones, 
and  the  spots  of  the  elytra  distinguish  it  in  a  remarkable  manner. 
Numerous  specimens  were  brought  by  Mr.  Nuttall  from  Mis- 
souri. 

The  lower  left  figure;  the  line  represents  the  natural  length. 

Lytta  sph^ericollis. — Specific  character.  Dark  green, 
tinged  with  brassy ;  thorax  rounded,  convex. 

L.  splmricollis  nobis,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  vol.  iii.  p.  299. 

Desc.  Body  glabrous,  blackish-green,  slightly  tinged  with 
brassy ;  head  punctured  ;  antennae  robust,  black,  hardly  attain- 
ing the  base  of  the  thorax;  joints  short,  conic,  acute  at  the  edge 
of  the  tip;  second  joint  rufous,  subglobular ;  eyes  oval,  not  elon- 
gated; labruni  and  palpi  blackish;  thorax  subglobular,  punc- 
tured, punctures  sparse,  not  profound;  elytra  green,  slightly 
tinged  with  olivaceous  and  brassy,  somewhat  rugose ;  two,  rarely 
three,  obsolete  longitudinal  lines  on  the  disk,  and  another  near 
the  external  margin ;  beneath  blackish-green. 

Variety,  a.     Body  green,  destitute  of  the  brassy  tinge. 

Variety,  h.     Head  and  thorax  black ;  elytra  bluish. 

Ohs.  This  species  is  less  robust  than  the  preceding,  and  may 
be  readily  distinguished  from  others  by  the  rounded  thorax  and 
very  short  antennae,  the  remaining  characters  of  which  latter 
agree  with  those  of  the  Nuttalli.  Many  specimens  were  brought 
from  Missouri  by  Mr.  Nuttall. 

In  a  future  volume  of  this  work,  we  propose  to  give  some  ac- 
count of  the  American  species  of  this  genus,  as  related  to  medi- 
cine. 

The  lower  right  figure;  the  line  shows  the  natural  length. 

SCARAB^EUS.     Plate  IV. 

Generic  character.  Antennae  ten-jointed,  the  club  composed 
of  oblong-oval  lamellae,  which  have  an  almost  common  insertion ; 
body  ovoid,  convex ;  mandibles  with  their  external  edge  crenu- 


9  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

lated  ;  maxillse  corneous,  dentated ;  labruin  entirely  concealed ; 
palpi  filiform. 

Obs.  The  genus  possessed  of  the  above  characters,  retains 
»the  Linnaean  name  of  Scarabseus  in  the  system  of  Latreille,  and 
corresponds  with  the  genus  Geotrupes  of  Fabricius ;  whilst  the 
genus  Scarabseus  of  the  latter  author,  is  the  same  with  Geotrupes 
of  Latreille.  Although,  in  the  small  portion  of  the  present 
work,  printed  in  the  year  1817,  I  adopted  the  Fabrician  desig- 
nation, yet,  as  Entomologists  have  generally  chosen  Latreille's 
nomenclature  in  this  respect,  I  have  thought  it  necessary  to  ac- 
quiesce in  their  decision. 

This  genus  comprehends  some  of  the  largest  insects  of  the 
order  Coleoptera,  and,  amongst  others,  the  noble  species  known 
by  the  name  of  S.  Hercules,  of  which  the  truly  absurd  story  -has 
been  related  of  its  clasping  a  branch  of  a  tree  between  the  cor- 
neous projections  of  the  head  and  thorax,  and  by  flying  around 
the  limb  thus  included,  finally  succeeds  in  separating  it  from  the 
tree ;  and  that  the  insect  then  becoming  inebriated  with  the  fluid 
that  exudes  from  the  wound,  falls  apparently  lifeless  to  the 
ground. 

Scarab^us  Tityus  Linn. — Specific  character.  Thorax 
three-horned,  the  lateral  ones  short,  subulate;  middle  one 
bearded  with  yellow  hair  beneath,  projected  forwards,  and  bifid 
at  tip;  horn  of  the  head  recurved,  submarginate  on  the  back 
near  the  tip. 

Scarab.  Tityus  Linn.  Syst.  Nat. 
Amoenit.  Acad.  vol.  vi.  p.  391.$ 
Jablonsky  Coleopt.  p.  257,  pi.  4,  fig.  2. 
Oliv.  Ins.  vol.  i.  p.  9,  pi.  10,  fig.  31,  b.  c. 
Palisot  de  Beauv.  Ins.  p.  137,  pi.  1,  c.  fig.  4,  5. 
Le  Scarabe  Tityus  Ency.  Meth.  Ins.  pi.  137,  fig.  7.  % 
Geotrupes  Tityus  Fabr.  Syst.  Eleut.  vol.  i.  p.  10. 
Scarab.  Hercules  minor  Voet.  Coleopt.  p.  24,  pi.  12,  fig.  99. 
Scarab,  marianus  Linn.  9 

Fabr.  in  his  earlier  works ;   omitted  in  his   Syst.  Eleut. 
Obs.  This   insect  is    so  extremely  rare  in  Pennsylvania,  that 
the  late  Rev.  F.  V.  Melsheimer,  the  parent  of  Entomology  in 
this  country,  and  a  very  industrious  collector,  found  but  two  in- 
dividuals in  eighteen  years.     An  instance  has  however  occurred, 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  U 

ia  which  the  appearance  of  a  considerable  number  of  them  occa- 
sioned no  little  surprise  in  the  neighborhood  where  they  were 
discovered.  A  mile  or  two  southward  of  Philadelphia,  and  near 
the  river  Delaware,  an  old  cherry-tree  was  blown  down  by  a 
violent  current  of  wind,  and  my  informant  saw  the  remains  of  nu- 
merous individuals,  in  and  about  a  cavity  of  the  tree,  laid  open 
by  the  shock  of  its  fall.  That  there  might  be  no  mistake  as  to 
the  species,  he  exhibited  the  thorax  of  a  male  he  had  chosen 
from  the  mutilated  fragments. 

I  think  it  highly  probable  that  the  Tityus  is  more  especially  a 
native  of  the  Southern  States,  as  my  friend,  Mr.  J.  Gilliams, 
presented  me  with  several  specimens  in  high  perfection,  collected 
by  himself  in  Maryland ;  and  from  these,  the  drawings  for  the 
annexed  plate  were  made. 

The  length  of  the  male,  exclusive  of  the  horns,  is  two  inches, 
and  the  greatest  breadth  one  inch.  In  color  it  resembles  the  S. 
Hercules,  being  glaucous  with  brown  spots,  or  brown  with  glau- 
cous spots.  These  spots  vary  considerably  in  size,  figure,  posi- 
tion and  number,  being  sometimes  confluent,  and  exhibiting  a 
clouded  appearance.  The  elytra  of  one  specimen  in  my  collec- 
tion are  entirely  chestnut-brown,  immaculate,  and  the  larger 
thoracic  horn  frequently  occurs  simple  or  undivided  at  tip,  as 
exhibited  in  the  figures  given  by  Jablousky  and  Olivier ;  to  the 
latter  author  we  are  indebted  for  a  knowledge  of  the  specific 
identity  of  the  Tityus  and  martanus. 

The  female  is  generally  somewhat  smaller  than  the  male,  and 
unarmed,  except  a  small  tubercle  on  the  head. 

Tityus  in  the  heathen  mythology,  was  a  gigantic  son  of  Jupi- 
ter and  Elara,  whom  Apollo  killed  for  offering  violence  to  his 
mother  Latona. 

The  upper  figure  of  the  plate  represents  the  male,  and  the 
lower  the  female. 

[This  species  belongs  to  the  genus  Dynastes  M'Leay. — Lec] 

ACRYDIUM.  Plate  V. 
Generic  character.  Thorax  elongated  behind,  often  longer 
than  the  abdomen ;  elytra  very  small ;  pectus  with  a  cavity  for 
the  reception  of  the  inferior  part  of  the  head;  tarsi  three-jointed, 
destitute  of  pulvilli ;  antennae  thirteen  or  fourteen  jointed,  not 
half  the  length  of  the  body  ;  oviduct  not  exserted ;  posterior  feet 
formed  for  leaping. 


10  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Obs.  This  genus  was  established  by  Fabricius  under  the  name 
which,  with  Thunberg,  I  have  adopted.  Linne  included  the 
species  in  his  genus  Gryttus.  Lamarck  distinguished  them  by 
the  name  of  Acheta,  and  Latreille  by  that  of  Tetrix.  The  species 
are  nearly  all  small,  and  several  are  common.  They  may  be  very 
readily  distinguished  from  "  grasshoppers  "  of  other  genera,  by 
the  remarkable  elongation  of  the  thorax,  which  is  continued 
backward  so  as  to  cover  the  abdomen  wholly  or  in  great  part. 

Acrydium  ornatum. — Specific  character.  Whitish ;  beneath 
fuscous ;  thorax  nearly  as  long  as  the  wings,  spotted  with  black. 

Desc.  Head  blackish ;  vertex  with  an  elevated  longitudinal 
line,  which  extends  down  over  the  front  where  it  is  grooved,  but 
this  groove  does  not  reach  the  acute  ridge  which  divides  the 
vertex  from  the  front ;  thorax  flattened,  somewhat  granulated  and 
whitish,  laterally  projecting  a  little  over  the  origin  of  the  herne- 
lytra,  a  slightly  elevated  longitudinal  central  line,  and  two  abbre- 
viated oblique  elevated  lines  near  the  head ;  a  velvet  black  spot 
each  side  over  the  tip  of  the  hemelytra  :  pleura,  hemelytra  and 
pectus  black-brown. 

Length  to  the  tip  of  the  wings,  half  an  inch. 

Obs.  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Lesueur  for  this  interesting  species, 
which  he  caught  at  Kaighn's  Point,  in  the  vicinity  of  Philadel- 
phia. The  insects  of  this  genus  vary  much  in  their  sculpture, 
size  and  color,  which  renders  it  difficult  to  distinguish  the  species, 
of  which  we  seem  to  have  several.  In  the  above  description  I 
have  purposely  avoided  a  minute  detail  of  colors  and  markings, 
noting  such  only  as  will  probably  prove  to  be  permanent,  or 
nearly  so,  and  characteristic  of  the  species. 

The  left  hand  figures  of  tbe  plate ;  natural  size  and  magnified. 

Acrydium  laterale. — Specific  character.  Pale  brownish- 
testaceous,  with  a  lateral  broad  fuscous  line ;  thorax  shorter  than 
the  wings. 

Desc.  Vertex  with  an  elevated  longitudinal  line,  commencing 
near  the  tip,  and  extending  down  over  the  front,  where  it  is 
canaliculate  the  whole  length,  and  terminating  beneath  the  an- 
tennae :  antennas  reddish-brown,  blackish  at  tip  :  thorax  flattened, 
with  small  longitudinal  lines  or  wrinkles,  and  a  more  obvious, 
continuous,  elevated  central  line,  extending  the  whole  length  : 
wings  brown  on  the  anterior  margin  towards  the  tip,  and  extend- 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  11 

ing  at  least  the  twentieth  of  an  inch  heyond  the  thorax  :  pleura 
with  a  dilated  blackish-brown  line  or  vitta,  beginning  at  the  eye, 
and  including  the  abdomen  above  and  on  each  side  :  feet  brown, 
more  or  less  annulated  with  pale  :  venter  pale  yellowish  or  testa- 
ceous. 

Length  to  tip  of  wings,  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Obs.  I  obtained  this  insect  in  Georgia  and  East  Florida,  where 
it  is  not  uncommon. 

The  upper  and  right  figures  of  the  plate ;  natural  size  and 
magnified. 

LAPHRIA.     Plate  VI. 

Generic  characters.  Body  elongated ;  wings  incumbent :  an- 
tennae divaricating,  approximate  at  base,  three-jointed  ;  third 
joint  inarticulate,  obtuse,  and  destitute  of  a  style  :  front  im- 
pressed :  hypostoma  with  long  rigid  hairs":  proboscis  horizontal, 
short,  without  dilated  labia  :  poisers  naked  :  abdomen  with  seven 
segments  :  posterior  tibia  arquated  :  tarsi  terminated  by  two  nails 
and  two  pulvilli. 

Obs.  The  genus  Laphria,  of  Meigen,  is  perfectly  well  distin- 
guished from  its  neighboring  groups  by  the  above  stated  traits, 
and  has  received  the  approbation  of  all  recent  authors  who  are 
willing  to  keep  pace  with  modern  discoveries.  The  arrangement 
of  the  nervures  of  the  wings,  particularly  of  those  of  the  anterior 
margin,  is  very  similar  to  that  of  the  wing  nervures  in  the  genus 
Asilus,  as  restricted  by  the  same  author ;  but  the  form  of  the 
antennas,  in  this  case,  at  once  decides  the  genus,  those  of  Laphria 
being  simple  at  their  termination,  whilst  those  of  Asilus  are  fur- 
nished with  a  very  distinct,  and  generally  elongated,  setaceous 
style. 

These  insects  fly  swiftly,  and  the  force  with  which  the  wings 
strike  upon  the  air,  produces  a  loud  humming  sound.  They  are 
predaceous,  and  pursue  with  voracity  smaller  and  weaker  insects, 
which  they  seize,  and  then  alight  to  suck  out  their  fluids.  Many 
species  inhabit  the  United  States.  Of  these,  the  thoracicus  of 
Fabricius,  and  another  which  I  described  under  the  name  of  ter- 
gissa,  in  consequence  of  the  form  of  body  and  sounding  flight, 
have  been  very  frequently  mistaken  for  humble-bees,  (Bonibus.) 

The  larvae  live,  probably,  in  the  earth. 


12  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Laphria  fulvicauda. — Specific  character.  Black,  with 
cinereous  hair ;  wings  blackish  ;  tergum  fulvous  at  tip. 

Laphria  fulvicauda  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  vol. 
iii.  p.  53. 

Desc.  Body  black,  with  long  cinereous  hair  :  head  large,  trans- 
verse ;  eyes  deep  black :  thorax  varied  with  black  and  cinereous, 
and  with  short,  black  hair;  two  distinct,  longitudinal,  dorsal, 
black  lines,  with  a  more  obvious  cinereous  band  in  the  middle, 
which  is  interrupted  by  the  dorsal  lines ;  two  cinereous  obsolete 
points  each  side  behind  :  wings  blackish  :  halteres  pale  at  tip  : 
abdomen  depressed,  above  and  beneath  subglabrous,  hairy  each 
side  ;  the  two  terminal  segments  of  the  tergum  with  a  common 
fulvous  spot. 

Length  about  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Obs.  I  obtained  it  at  the  settlement  of  Cote  sans  Dessein,  on 
the  Missouri  river,  during  a  short  stay  of  Major  Long's  exploring 
expedition  at  that  place. 

Lower  right  figure. 

[This  species  has  been  called  L.  pyrrhacra  by  Wiedemann. — 
Sacken.] 

Laphria  sericea. — Specific  cliaracter.  Above  with  golden- 
yellow  hair ;  thorax,  beneath  the  hair,  dark  blue. 

Laphria  sericea nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  vol.  iii.  p.  74. 

Desc.  Head  black ;  hypostoma  and  gena  with  grayish  hair, 
that  of  the  former  tinged  with  dull  yellowish  ;  vertex  and  occiput 
with  black  hair :  thorax  dark  blue,  with  golden-yellow  hair, 
rather  longer  and  somewhat  more  dense  behind ;  a  fringe  of 
longer  black  hairs  over  the  insertion  of  the  wings  :  pleura  black- 
ish ;  a  few  long,  pale  hairs  near  the  poisers  :  poisers  pale  :  pectus 
and  feet  black,  hairy ;  hair  of  the  former  long ;  hair  beneath  the 
anterior  and  intermediate  feet  whitish  :  scutel  dull  chestnut  : 
wings  hyaline ;  nervures  fuscous,  broadly  but  faintly  margined 
with  yellowish-brown,  as  well  as  the  inner  edge  :  tergum  dark 
chestnut-blue,  thickly  covered  by  golden-yellow,  silky  hair :  anus 
black,  naked  :  venter  black-brown,  nearly  glabrous,  with  a  few 
whitish  hairs,  the  segments  pale  on  their  posterior  margins  :  ab- 
domen cylindrical,  depressed. 

Length  four-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Obs.  The  nervures  of  the  wings  are  arranged  like  those  of 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  13 

L.  ephippium  Fabr.  Meig.  It  is  an  inhabitant  of  the  United 
States  generally. 

Lower  left  figure.  [This  reference  is  evidently  wrong,  the 
upper  figure  is  meant. — Lec] 

Laphria  dors  at  a. — Specific  character.  Blue-black  ;  head 
and  feet  with  cinereous  hair ;  nervures  of  the  wings  widely  mar- 
gined with  fuscous. 

Desc.  Head  black ;  anterior  orbits  with  a  white  line  :  mystax 
cinereous ;  vibrissas  black ;  stethidium  blue-black,  with  slight 
dark  cinereous  hair ;  wings,  nervures  widely  margined  with  fus- 
cous, obscuring  the  anterior  part  of  the  wing,  and  leaving  the 
middle  of  the  cellules  on  the  inner  margin  almost  hyaline  :  feet 
black,  tinged  with  purplish,  and  with  cinerous  hair  :  poisers 
blackish,  paler  at  base :  tergum  blue-black,  with  a  coppery  or 
purple  gloss. 

Obs.  It  was  taken  near  Philadelphia.  The  back  of  the  abdo- 
men, although  of  a  dark  color,  in  a  certain  light  reflects  a  brilliant 
coppery  or  purplish  tint.  The  short  nervure  which  terminates  at 
the  apex  of  the  wing,  is  not  only  bifid  at  its  origin,  as  in  the 
albibarbis  Meig.,  but  the  upper  branch  joins  the  nervure  above, 
as  well  as  the  lower  branch  joins  the  nervure  below. 

Upper  figure.     [The  lower  left  figure. — Lec] 

NEMOGNATHA.     Plate  VII. 

Generic  character.  Antennas  longer  than  the  thorax,  with  the 
first  and  third  joints  nearly  equal,  the  second  a  little  shorter, 
terminal  one  fusiform,  abruptly  terminated  by  a  short  point; 
palpi  filiform ;  maxillae  very  much  elongated,  filiform,  curved  ; 
elytra  elongate,  linear;  tarsi  with  entire  joints. 

Obs.  This  genus  was  formed  by  Illiger  for  the  reception  of 
such  species  of  the  Linnaean  genus  Meloe,  as  are  distinguished 
by  the  remarkable  and  striking  character  of  the  elongated  max- 
illae. Fabricius  included  them  in  his  genus  Zonitis.  The  max- 
illae of  these  insects  have  the  closest  analogy  with  the  spiral 
trunk  of  the  Lepidoptcra,  and  every  point  of  comparison  induces 
the  supposition  that  this  organ  is  applied  to  the  same  uses.  The 
species  are  found  on  flowers. 

Nemognatha  immaculata. — Specific  character.  Lemon- 
yellow,  immaculate  ;  elytra  pale  yellowish,  with  scattered  punc- 


14  AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

tures ;  maxillae  not  longer  than  the  thorax,  and  with  the  antennae 
and  palpi  black. 

Desc.  Antennae  black,  basal  joint  pale  testaceous;  eyes,  max- 
illae, palpi  and  tips  of  tarsi,  black ;  elytra  irregularly  punctured, 
naked,  polished. 

Obs.  It  inhabits  the  plains  of  Missouri,  and  was  captured  by 
Mr.  Thomas  Nuttall,  on  a  species  of  thistle  (  Car duns ;)  I  have 
since  observed  it  in  some  plenty  in  the  same  locality.  It  seems 
to  be  allied  to  the  Zonit is  pallida  of  Fabricius,  judging  by  his 
description  of  that  insect. 

The  smaller  figure  of  the  plate  denotes  the  natural  size,  and 
the  figures  beneath  it  exhibit  magnified  representations  of  some 
of  the  oral  organs,  &c. 

Fig.  1.  Antenna. 

2.  Mandible. 

3.  Tongue  and  labium  supporting  the  labial  palpi. 
/          4.  Labial  palpus. 

5.  Maxilla  with  its  palpus,  verticillate  with  short  hairs- 

XYLOTA.     Plate  VIII. 

Generic  character.  Antennae  three-jointed,  inserted  on  a  frontal 
elevation,  nutant;  third  joint  suborbicular,  compressed,  with  a 
naked  seta  placed  behind  the  dorsal  middle ;  ocelli  three ;  pro- 
boscis with  fleshy  lips;  hypostoma  above  impressed,  near  the 
mouth  a  little  elevated,  retuse  and  subtuberculated ;  posterior 
thighs  dilated,  spinous  beneath ;  onychii  two ;  abdomen  with  five 
segments ;  wings  incumbent,  parallel. 

Obs.  For  this  genus  we  are  indebted  to  Meigen.  Linne,  Gme- 
lin,  Degeer,  Schrank,  and  others,  referred  the  species  to  Musca; 
Fabricius  and  Panzer  to  Syrphus  and  Milesia.  In  his  Systema 
Antliatorum  Fabricius,  with  Latreille  and  Fallen,  included  them 
in  the  genus  Milesia ;  and  a  few  species  were  scattered  in  the 
genera  31erodon,  Scseva,  Eristalis,  and  Thereva,  by  several 
authors. 

The  species  are  found  on  flowers,  and  the  larva  is  supposed 
to  inhabit  decaying  wood. 

Xylota  quadrata. — Specific  character.  Blackish;  ter- 
gum  with  four  dilated  subequal  ochraceous  spots;  posterior 
thighs  with  a  prominent  angle  near  the  tip. 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  15 

Desc.  Head  golden-yellow,  black  at  base  of  the  antennae  and 
in  a  line  proceeding  to  the  mouth  ;  hypostoma  very  slightly  in- 
dented, carinated ;  antennae  ochraceous ;  eyes  chestnut ;  thorax 
dark  brassy ;  with  two  cinereous  lines  confluent  before,  attenu- 
ated behind,  and  abbreviated  behind  the  middle ;  an  obsolete  in- 
terrupted line  each  side  over  the  wings ;  scutel  on  the  posterior 
margin  ochraceous ;  pleura  and  pectus  with  a  pale  glaucous  cover- 
ing ;  feet  ochraceous,  thighs  black  at  base ;  posterior  pair  black- 
brassy,  their  thighs  dilated,  with  spines  beneath,  placed  irregu- 
larly; a  prominent  projecting  angle  near  the  tip;  tcrgum  black; 
basal  segment  on  the  lateral  margin  ochraceous ;  second  segment 
with  a  large  subquadrate  ochraceous  spot  each  side,  approaching 
the  middle,  where  it  is  longer  than  on  the  margin,  posterior  edge 
ochraceous ;  third  segment  with  also  a  large  subquadrate  ochra- 
ceous spot  each  side  approaching  the  middle  where  it  is  longer 
than  on  the  margin,  it  reaches  the  basal  suture,  posterior  edge 
ochraceous ;  fourth  segment  ochraceous  at  tip ;  venter  yellowish- 
white,  blackish  at  tip. 

Ohs.  This  specimen  is  a  female,  and  was  captured  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. By  its  form  of  body,  and  the  character  of  the  hypostoma, 
it  approaches  the  genus  Eumerus  Meig. 

The  upper  right  figure  of  the  plate. 

[This  species  belongs  to  the  genus  Tropidia  Meig. — Sacken.] 

Xylota  ejuncida. — Specific  character.  Blackish;  tergum 
with  four  semioval,  subequal,  ochraceous  spots ;  posterior  thighs 
rather  slender,  with  two  series  of  black  spines  beneath. 

Desc.  Head  silvery ;  antennae  ochraceous ;  eyes  chestnut ;  tho- 
rax greenish-brassy,  with  a  greyish  spot  on  each  side  before ; 
poisers  and  scale  whitish  ;  feet  whitish,  two  last  joints  of  the  tarsi 
black ;  thighs  piceous,  with  a  slight  brassy  tinge,  posterior  pair 
not  remarkably  dilated,  exterior  series  of  spines  nearly  equal 
from  near  the  base  to  the  tip ;  posterior  tibia  piceous  at  tip  ;  ter- 
gum black,  with  a  slight  tinge  of  green ;  basal  segment  polished, 
immaculate ;  second  and  third  segments  each  with  a  large  semi- 
oval  ochraceous  spot  on  each  side,  approaching  the  middle  and 
attaining  to  the  lateral  edges,  but  not  reaching  either  the  base  or 
tip  of  the  segment ;  fourth  segment  obscure,  brassy,  polished ; 
venter  yellowish-white,  black  at  tip. 

Obs.  The  specimen  is  a  male.  I  caught  it  on  the  banks  of 
the  St.  John's  river,  in  East  Florida,  during  a  short  visit  to  that 


16  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

country,  in  company  with  Messrs.  Maclure,  Ord,  and  T.  Peale. 
A  specimen,  in  the   collection   of  Mr.  William  W.  Wood,  wag 
taken  near  Philadelphia. 
The  upper  left  figure. 

Xylota  proxima. — Specific  character.  Blackish;  terguin 
about  six-spotted ;  posterior  thighs  dilated,  with  a  large  rufous 
spot  on  the  middle. 

Desc.  Head  yellowish-silvery;  vertex  black;  antennae  ochra- 
ceous ;  thorax  blackish,  two  grey  oblong-triangular  spots  on  the 
anterior  margin,  connected  with  a  lateral  line  that  extends  nearly 
to  the  origin  of  the  wings ;  poiser  and  scale  whitish ;  pleura  and 
pectus  silver-grey ;  feet  ochraceous ;  posterior  thighs  much  di- 
lated, with  a  very  distinct  rufous  spot  each  side,  and  another  at 
base,  posterior  half  of  the  inferior  edge  more  prominent,  spines 
extending  from  near  the  base  to  the  tip ;  posterior  tibia  blackish, 
rufous  in  the  middle  and  at  base ;  tergum  black ;  first  segment 
with  an  ochraceous  lateral  margin  and  basal  edge ;  second  seg- 
ment with  a  large  semioval  ochraceous  spot  each  side ;  third  seg- 
ment with  a  small  transversely  semioblong-oval  ochraceous  spot 
each  side  at  base ;  fourth  segment  with  a  transverse  pale  ochra- 
ceous line  each  side  at  base,  and  posterior  margin ;  venter  yellow- 
ish-white, blackish  at  tip. 

Obs.  Very  common  in  the  neighborhood  of  Philadelphia,  on 
flowers.  I  obtained  a  variety  in  Virginia,  of  which  the  spots  of 
the  tergum  are  grayish-glaucous.  The  two  sexes  are  similar  in 
color. 

It  is  closely  allied  to  Syrphus  pipiens  of  Fabricius ;  .but  the 
posterior  thighs  of  that  species,  if  we  may  rely  upon  Panzer's 
figure,  are  widest  in  the  middle,  whereas  in  this  species  they  are 
widest  near  the  tip,  and  the  rufous  band  is  on  the  inside  as  well 
as  on  the  exterior  side. 

The  lower  left  figure. 

[This  species  is  a  Syritta,  and  seems  identical  with  the  Euro- 
pean S.  pipiens  Linn. — Sacken.] 

Xylota  h^ematodes. — Specific  character.  Brassy-black;  ab- 
domen rufous ;  wings  fuliginous. 

Milesia  heematodes,  Fabr.  Syst.  Antl.  p.  193. 

Desc.  Head  black-brown ;   hypostoma  and  front,  in  a  certain 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  17 

light,  silvery ;  vertex  polished ;  thorax  brassy-black ;  humerus,  in 
a  certain  light,  silvery  :  scutel,  color  of  the  thorax  ;  wings  fuligi- 
nous ;  pleura  and  pectus  nearly  black,  polished ;  feet,  anterior 
pairs  tinged  with  brownish ;  posterior  thighs  much  dilated,  im- 
maculate, spines  short;  tergum  bright  rufous,  basal  segment 
with  a  longitudinal  black  line  at  base ;  venter  paler  rufous. 

Obs.  A  native  of  the  Southern  States.  I  obtained  two  speci- 
mens in  East  Florida,  one  of  which  is  represented  on  the  annexed 
plate.  It  was  first  described  by  Fabricius,  in  his  Sy sterna  Ant- 
liatorum,  from  the  collection  of  M.  Bosc,  but  no  figure  has  been 
hitherto  given  of  it. 

The  lower  right  figure. 

CALANDRA.     Plate  IX. 

Generic  character.  Body  elliptic-oval,  above  somewhat  de- 
pressed ;  eyes  immersed,  oblong,  encircling  the  head  beneath : 
antennas  geniculated,  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  rostrum ;  rostrum 
dilated  at  the  insertion  of  the  antennae;  elytra  plain,  not  cover- 
ing the  anus  above ;  anus  acutely  prominent ;  tarsi  reflected  to 
the  inner  side  of  the  tibia. 

Obs.  Such  of  the  individuals,  as  were  known  to  Linne,  of  al- 
most the  whole  of  the  vast  tribe  of  insects  now  distinguished 
from  the  other  tribes  by  the  name  of  Curculionides,  were  included 
by  that  author  in  his  single  genus  Curculio.  So  extremely 
numerous  were  the  species,  thus  combined  together,  as  to  offer  a 
very  serious  inconvenience  to  Entomologists.  They  soon  per- 
ceived that  the  continual  accessions  of  species,  resulting  either 
from  the  more  critical  and  accurate  observations  of  numerous  in- 
vestigators, or  from  the  contributions  of  those  who  were  occupied 
in  the  adventurous  task  of  exploring  remote  and  unknown  re- 
gions, had  so  far  augmented  the  obstacles  already  existing,  that 
the  hand  of  reformation  became  absolutely  necessaiy.  Accord- 
ingly Olivier,  Herbst,  Fabricius,  Latreille,  Germar,  Megerle,  and 
other  distinguished  systematists,  undertook  to  separate  the 
Linnaean  genus  Curculio  into  numerous  smaller  assemblages,  and 
thus  to  bring  this  part  of  the  system  into  a  more  intimate  allianee 
with  the  order  observed  by  nature  in  the  distribution  of  species. 

The  labors  of  these  naturalists  eventuated  in  the  construction 
of  more  than  one  hundred  additional  genera,  but  the  characters 


18  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

of  many  of  these  genera  appear  to  be  too  obscure,  and  of  others 
not  sufficiently  important  to  justify  their  collective  adoption.  By 
far  the  greater  portion  of  them,  however,  will  probably  tend  to 
the  elucidation  of  this  difficult  part  of  the  system,  and  amongst 
these  may  be  ranked  the  genus  Calandra  of  Clairville,  distin- 
guished by  obvious  and  striking  traits. 

The  history  of  many  species  of  this  group  is  highly  interesting 
and  important,  and  we  propose  to  represent,  in  a  future  volume, 
those  that  are  so  destructive  to  the  wheat,  rice,  and  maize. 

[The  species  here  described  belong  to  the  genus  Sphen- 
ophorus  Sch. — Lec] 

Calandra  tredecim-punctata. — Specific  character.  Above 
sanguineous ;  five  spots  on  the  thorax,  four  on  each  elytrum,  and 
scutel,  black ;  head  and  all  beneath  black. 

Rynchophorus  tredecim-punctatus  Herbst.  vol.  vi.  p.  10,"  pi. 
60,  fig.  5. 

Calandra  cribraria  Fabr.  Syst.  Eleut.  part  2,  p.  43-1. 

Curculio  tredecim-punctatus  Melsheimer's  Catalogue,  p.  28. 
No.  597. 

Desc.  Body  punctured,  beneath  black,  with  a  cinereous  shade 
in  a  particular  light,  and  with  numerous  large  punctures ;  head 
black ;  rostrum,  dilated  portion  not  longer  than  broad,  but  more 
dilated  at  tip,  and  with  an  impressed  longitudinal  line ;  thorax 
sanguineous,  with  five  black  spots,  of  which  two  are  orbicular, 
and  placed  on  each  side,  and  one  is  central,  fusiform,  sometimes 
rounded ;  scutel  black ;  elytra  sanguineous,  with  punctured  striae, 
interstitial  lines  flat,  with  dilated  punctures ;  four  black  spots  on 
each  elytrum,  placed  1,  2,  1,  the  latter  largest. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch,  exclusive  of  the  rostrum. 

Obs.  We  introduce  this  familiar  insect,  and  a  variety  of  it, 
chiefly  for  the  sake  of  comparison  with  another  species,  which 
has  many  characters  in  common  with  it.  A  slight  inspection  of 
the  plate  will,  however,  at  once  disclose  the  differences  by  which 
we  will  always  be  enabled  to  distinguish  them  from  each  other. 

The  tredecim-punctata,  which  does  not  appear  to  be  injurious 
to  any  useful  plant,  may  be  found  in  considerable  numbers  on  the 
milk-weed,  or  wild  cotton  (Asclepias  syriaca),  which  is  very  com- 
mon in  the  neighborhood  of  Philadelphia,  growing  on  the  banks 
of  streams  of  water.     The  insect  seems  to  be  a  pretty  general 


AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGY.  19 

inhabitant  of  the  United  States;  I  have  found  it  in  Missouri, 
Arkansa,  and  the  North  West  Territory,  as  well  as  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Lower  right  figure  :  the  line  represents  the  natural  size,  with 
a  lateral  enlarged  view  of  the  head. 

Calandra  tredecim-ptjnctata,  Var.  Dcsc.  Body  punc- 
tured ;  beneath  black,  with  a  cinereous  shade  in  a  particular 
light,  and  with  numerous  large  punctures ;  head  black ;  rostrum, 
dilated  portion  longer  than  broad,  but  more  dilated  at  tip,  and 
with  a  deeply  impressed  puncture  at  its  base  above :  thorax  san- 
guineous, with  five  black  spots,  of  which  two  are  placed  on  each 
side,  the  posterior  one  larger  and  generally  oblique,  and  one  is 
central  fusiform :  scutel  black :  elytra  sanguineous,  with  punc- 
tured striae ;  interstitial  lines  flat,  with  dilated  punctures ;  two 
small  marginal  spots;  a  large  common  transverse  spot  on  the 
middle,  and  a  common  tip  consisting  of  about  one-third  of  the 
length  of  the  elytra,  black. 

The  spots  of  the  elytra  appear  at  first  view  to  be  formed  and 
located  differently  in  this  from  those  of  the  preceding,  yet  by 
dilating  the  two  central  elytral  spots  of  the  preceding  insect  trans- 
versely, and  enlarging  the  posterior  spots  in  a  posterior  and 
transverse  direction,  we  shall  be  able  to  exhibit  an  arrangement 
precisely  comforable  to  that  of  the  present  variety. 

The  spots  of  the  elytra  in  this  variety  are  subject  to  some 
variations;  the  transverse  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  elytra  is 
divided  into  two  on  one  of  my  specimens ;  the  posterior  common 
spot  is  subcordate,  being  much  narrowed  behind  in  another,  and 
in  a  third  is  a  black  spot  on  each  elytrum,  insulated  from  the  com- 
mon terminal  spot  which  is  much  narrowed. 

This  insect  is  a  native  of  Missouri  and  Arkansa,  as  well  as  of 
the  Atlantic  States. 

The  lower  left  figure ;  the  natural  size  is  represented  by  a  line, 
above  which  is  an  enlarged  view  of  the  head. 

Calandra  quinque-punctata. — Specific  character.  Black ; 
thorax  sanguineous,  with  five  black  spots ;  elytra  with  a  sanguine- 
ous exterior  submargin. 

Desc.  Body  punctured,  beneath  black,  with  a  very  slight 
cincereous  reflection  in  a  particular  light :  rostrum,  dilated  por- 
tion longer  thun  broad,  but  wider  at  tip,  and  with  a  deeply  im- 


20  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

pressed  puncture  at  base  above :  tborax  sanguineous,  with  five 
black  spots,  of  which  two  are  on  each  side,  the  posterior  one 
larger,  oblique,  and  generally  confluent  along  the  basal  margin 
with  the  opposite  basal  spot,  the  central  spot  is  dilated  and  elon- 
gated, fusiform  :  scutel  black  :  elytra  black,  with  punctured  striae ; 
interstitial  lines  flat,  punctured,  penultimate  lateral  one  and  ulti- 
mate one  at  base  sanguineous :  thighs  with  a  dull  sanguineous 
spot  on  the  middle,  obsolete  on  the  posterior  pair. 

Size  of  the  preceding. 

I  observed  this  species  to  be  very  abundant  on  the  Southern 
Sea  Islands  of  Georgia ;  many  specimens  also  occurred  in  East 
Florida,  but  I  cannot  learn  that  it  has  ever  been  taken  further 
north  than  that  State,  neither  does  it  seem  to  inhabit  the  western 
region. 

The  upper  right  figure ;  the  natural  size  is  exhibited  by  a  line, 
above  which  is  an  enlarged  representation  of  the  head. 

Calandra  compressirostra. — Specific  character.  Castane- 
ous  black ;  rostrum  compressed ;  a  profound  frontal  puncture ; 
thorax  with  two  punctured  lines  converging  to  the  scutel. 

Calandra  compressirostra  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences, 
vol.  iii.  p.  319. 

Desc.  Body  dark  chestnut-brown,  passing  into  blackish  :  head 
with  small  distant  punctures,  larger  ones  on  the  base  of  the 
rostrum,  which  decrease  in  size  to  the  tip ;  a  profoundly  impressed 
large  puncture  between  the  eyes  :  rostrum  very  much  compressed, 
acutely  carinate  above :  antennse  at  the  tip  rufous :  thorax  with 
larger  punctures  on  the  side,  on  the  anterior  impressed  submargin 
and  on  two  indented  lines  which  originate  each  side  of  the 
middle  and  converge  to  the  suture :  elytra  with  crenate  striae  j 
interstitial  lines  each  with  a  series  of  punctures :  tibia  with  a 
very  robust  obtuse  spine  and  setae  below  the  anterior  middle. 

Obs.  This  singular  species  occurred  near  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
on  the  banks  of  the  Arkansaw  river.  It  is  widely  distinct  from 
either  of  the  preceding  species,  as  well  by  the  much  compressed 
form  of  the  rostrum,  as  by  the  more  obvious  dissimilarity  of 
color. 

The  upper  left  figure ;  the  natural  size  is  represented  by  a  line, 
and  an  enlarged  view  of  the  head  and  part  of  the  thorax  is 
added. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  21 

ANTHICUS.     Plate  X. 

Generic  character.  Antenna;  with  conic  joints,  the  second  and 
third  nearly  equal,  terminal  one  ovate-oblong ;  labial  palpi  ter- 
minated by  a  small  truncate  joint ;  thorax  subcordate,  often 
strangulated  near  the  middle  ;  penultimate  tarsal  joints  bilobate  ; 
nails  simple. 

Obs.  The  type  of  the  insects  which  now  constitute  the  genus 
Anthicus  of  Fabricius,  was  included  by  Linne"  in  that  of  Meloc, 
by  Geoffroy,  Olivier  and  Illiger  in  that  of  Nbtoxiis,  and  by  Mar- 
sham  in  that  of  Lytta.  I  formerly  adopted  Geoffroy's  designa- 
tion, but  that  name  has  since  been  adopted  by  European  natural- 
ists for  a  very  different  species  of  insects. 

[These  species  belong  to  notoxus,  as  now  restricted. — Lec.] 

Anthicus  bicolor. — Specific  character.  Blackish,  thorax 
with  a  projecting  horn,  and  with  the  feet  testaceous,  immaculate. 

Desc.  Head  very  dark  testaceous ;  front  and  vertex  covered  by 
short  incumbent  hair  of  a  silky  lustre  ;  eyes  black ;  thorax  testa- 
ceous, immaculate ;  horn  obtusely  dentate  each  side,  and  some- 
what bicarinate  above ;  scutel  small,  black ;  elytra  purplish- 
black  ;  breast  and  abdomen  testaceous,  sericeous ;  body  with  short 
incumbent  hair  ;  feet  naked. 

Obs.  In  the  forests  of  New  Jersey,  I  have  found  this  little  in- 
sect in  the  month  of  June,  on  the  leaves  of  the  hickory  (Juglans 
tomentosa  Michaux),  and  of  some  other  plants.  The  Rev.  John 
F.  Melsheimer,  an  able  Entomologist,  informed  me  that  he  ob- 
tained many  specimens  from  the  garden  carrot.  This  species  is 
allied  to  the  Notoxus  serricornis  of  Panzer,  fascicle  32,  pi.  17. 

The  upper  figures  of  the  plate,  of  which  the  smaller  one  indi- 
cates the  natural  size. 

Anthicus  MONODON  Fabr. — Specific  character.  Testaceous  ; 
elytra  with  a  black  band  and  spots. 

Anthicus  monodon  Fabr.  Syst.  Eleut.  i,  p.  289. 

Desc.  Body  above  hairy ;  head  with  the  vertex  silky ;  eyes 
fuscous  ;  thorax  with  a  lateral  obscure  spot )  horn  obtusely  den- 
tate each  side ;  scutel  small ;  elytra  with  a  black  band  on  the 
middle ;  each  marked  by  two  black  spots  at  the  base,  of  which 
one  is  near  the  scutel,  and  the  other  on  the  humerus  ;  a  black 
obsolete  one  near  the  tip  ;  abdomen  silky. 


22  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Obs.  Not  uncommon.  I  have  found  it  in  June,  on  the  oak 
and  other  forest  trees ;  it  very  much  resembles  Anthicus  mono- 
ceros,  of  which  Marsham  observes,  "  Thorax  recta  antrorsum 
exiens  in  cornu  nigricans  ultra  caput  extensum,  unde  vere  mon- 
strosa  et  insectis  insolita  facies."  A.  monodon  was  first  described 
by  Fabricius,  but  it  has  not  been  hitherto  figured. 

Lower  figures,  of  which  the  smaller  indicates  the  natural  size. 

SYRPHUS.     Plate  XL 

Generic  character.  Antennas  separate  at  base,  shorter  than  the 
head,  advanced,  nutant,  triarticulate ;  third  joint  orbicular  or 
oval,  compressed,  with  a  seta  near  the  dorsal  base ;  hypostoma 
tuberculated,  but  not  very  remarkably  prominent ;  feet  simple 
and  slender ;  wings  incumbent  parallel,  central  transverse  nervure 
placed  almost  perpendicularly. 

Obs.  This  genus  was  included  by  Linne  in  his  comprehensive 
genus  Musca.  In  the  Systema  Antliatorum,  Fabricius  con- 
structed a  separate  genus  under  the  name  of  Scseva,  for  the  re- 
ception of  many  insects  that  he  had  formerly  placed  in  his  genus 
Syrphus.  But  it  is  now  ascertained  that  nearly  or  quite  all  the 
species  retained  in  the  latter  belong  to  other  genera,  and  par- 
ticularly to  those  of  VoluceUa  and  Sericomyia.  The  name  Syr- 
phus being  therefore  disengaged,  has  been  very  properly  restored 
to  its  old  species,  and,  as  far  as  I  can  learn,  the  name  of  Scseva 
is  rejected  by  Meigen.  Consequently,  the  nine  new  species  which 
I  described  in  the  Journal  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
(vol.  iii.  p.  88,)  under  the  name  of  Scseva,  must  now  be  consi- 
dered as  belonging  to  the  genus  Syrphus.  As  it  now  stands,  this 
genus  is  closely  allied  to  Milesia.  Not  one  of  our  numerous  spe- 
cies was  known  to  Fabricius. 

The  larvae  feed  on  Aphides  or  Plant-lice ;  the  body  is  in  the 
shape  of  an  unequal  cone,  large  behind,  attenuated  to  a  point  be- 
fore, and  destitute  of  distinct  feet.  In  order  to  suck  out  the 
juices  of  their  victims,  they  raise  it  from  the  surface  of  the  plant 
on  which  they  rest.  When  about  to  enter  the  pupa  state,  they 
attach  themselves  by  a  glutinous  secretion  to  a  fixed  object,  the 
body  contracts,  and  the  anterior  portion,  which  was  previously 
attenuated,  becomes  the  most  dilated  part. 

Syrphus  cylindricus. — Specific   character.      Blackish,  va- 


AMERICAxN   ENTOMOLOGY.  23 

ried  with  yellow ;  abdomen,  excepting  the  base  of  the  tergum, 
yellow-ferruginous. 

Desc. — Male.  Head  yellowish-white,  somewhat  silvery,  pol- 
ished ;  antennae  more  deeply  tinged  with  yellow  ;  tubercle  of  the 
hypostoma  a  little  dusky  at  tip;  eyes  chestnut;  thorax  dark 
greenish-olivaceous,  spot  before  the  wings  and  scutel,  yellow; 
pleura  black  with  yellow  spots ;  pectus  black ;  feet,  including 
the  coxae,  pale  yellow ;  tergum  yellowish-ferruginous ;  first  seg- 
ment and  base  of  the  second  black ;  tip  of  the  second  segment 
either  dull  ferruginous  or  blackish ;  third  segment  dull  yellow, 
somewhat  ferruginous  at  base  and  tip ;  venter  yellow  at  base,  fer- 
ruginous towards  the  tip. 

Obs.  I  have  seen  but  two  specimens,  which  are  both  males, 
taken  near  Philadelphia.  In  form  of  body  it  resembles  the  S. 
scalaris,  Fabr.,  and  tseniatus,  Meig.,  of  Europe. 

The  upper  figure  of  the  plate. 

[Belongs  to  the  genus  Sphserophoria  Macq. — Sacken.] 

Syrphus  obscurtjs. —  Specific  character.  Blackish-green; 
tergum  with  lateral  full  cupreous  triangles. 

Desc. — Male.  Head  metallic  black,  tinged  with  green  ;  antennae, 
third  joint  dull  testaceous ;  stethidium  entirely  blackish-green, 
polished,  immaculate ;  feet  dull  testaceous,  thighs  blackish  at 
base;  tergum  velvet-black,  slightly  tinged  with  green;  second 
segment  with  a  dull  coppery  semioval  spot  on  the  middle  of  the 
lateral  margin,  extending  on  the  edge  to  the  base  and  tip ;  third 
and  fourth  segments  each  with  a  lax-ge  dull  coppery  triangular 
spot  on  each  side  at  base,  approaching  closely  towards  each  other 
on  the  basal  margin,  and  extending  on  the  lateral  edge  nearly  to 
the  tip ;  an  obsolete,  longitudinal,  central,  dull  coppery  line, 
widely  out  spread  on  the  posterior  margin,  so  as  to  attain  to  the 
posterior  angles ;  venter  purplish  or  dusky,  highly  polished. 

Obs.  Of  this  also  I  have  seen  but  two  specimens,  both  of  which 
are  males ;  one  was  taken  near  Philadelphia,  and  the  other  at 
Chinquoteage,  Virginia. 

The  lower  figure  of  the  plate. 

Syrphus  obliquus.  —  Specific  character.  Thorax  green- 
bronze,  with  a  yellow  dot  before  the  wings ;  tergum  bounded 
and  spotted  with  yellow. 

Scseva  obliaua  nobis.     Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  vol.  iii.  p.  89. 


24  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Desc.  Head  yellow,  a  dusky  line  above  the  antennae ;  orbits 
yellow  to  the  vertex ;  antennae  blackish  on  the  superior  edge : 
thorax  dark  green-bronze ;  a  yellow  spot  before  the  wings ;  scu- 
tel  bright  yellow ;  feet  whitish ;  anterior  tibia  and  tarsi  a  little 
dilated,  the  latter  with  short  joints;  posterior  thighs  with  one 
obsolete  band,  their  tibia  two  banded ;  extremity  of  all  the  tarsi 
dusky  ;  tergum  black ;  first  segment  with  a  yellow  basal  edge ; 
second  segment  with  a  band  at  base,  interrupted  into  two  oblong 
triangles,  and  a  broader  one  on  its  middle,  yellow  ;  third  segment 
with  one  arquated  band ;  fourth  and  fifth  segments  each  with  an 
oblique  oblong-oval  spot  each  side,  and  two  longitudinal  lines  on 
the  middle,  yellow. 

Variety  /?.  Band  of  the  third  segment  of  the  tergum  inter- 
rupted into  four  small  spots. 

Obs.  A  very  pretty  insect,  not  uncommon  in  gardens  on  flowers, 
leaves,  &c.     The  sexes  are  alike  in  color  and  markings. 

The  left  figure  of  the  plate.  (This  figure  represents  the 
variety.) 

Syrphus  politus. — Specific  character.  Thorax  with  a  yel- 
low line  each  side,  and  a  cinereous  dorsal  one ;  tergum  with  yel- 
low bands  and  quadrate  spots. 

Scsevapolita  nobis,   Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  vol.  iii.  p.  88. 

Desc.  Head  yellow,  above  the  antennae  dusky  silvery;  thorax 
somewhat  olivaceous,  a  yellow  line  above  the  wings,  and  a  dorsal 
cinereous  one ;  scutel  dusky  yellowish,  with  a  paler  margin ;  feet 
whitish ;  tergum  black ;  basal  segment  with  the  basal  and  lateral 
edges  yellow ;  second  segment  with  a  transverse  yellow  band  on 
the  middle;  third  and  fourth  segments  with  a  band  and  longi- 
tudinal line,  each  side  of  which  latter  is  a  large,  transverse,  sub- 
triangular  yellow  spot,  yellow ;  fifth  segment  with  the  yellow 
spots  and  base,  but  destitute  of  the  longitudinal  line. 

Obs.  This  species,  like  the  preceding,  is  very  agreeably  orna- 
mented with  the  yellow  lines  and  spots  that  characterize  it,  and 
like  that  species  it  is  not  unfrequent,  yet  I  have  but  two  imper- 
fect specimens,  wihch  are  both  females. 

The  right  figure  of  the  plate. 


AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGY.  25 


SMERINTHUS.     Plate  XII. 

Generic  character.  Tongue  very  short ;  antennae  serrate ; 
palpi  contiguous,  short,  terminal  joint  tuberculiform,  very  short; 
anterior  wings  angulated ;  anus  simple. 

Obs.  Latreille  constructed  this  genus  to  receive  such  Linnrcan 
Sphinges  as  have  a  very  short  or  indistinct  tongue.  The  spe- 
cies, although  closely  allied  to  those  of  the  genus  from  which 
they  were  separated,  are  yet  distinguishable  by  their  form  of 
body  and  habits  of  life.  They  are  short,  robust,  and  generally 
remarkable  by  a  handsome  display  of  colors.  They  are  never 
seen  to  shoot,  like  meteors  through  the  air,  from  flower  to  flower, 
balancing  the  body  at  each,  in  order  to  extract  sweets  from  the 
nectary,  but,  unlike  the  Sphinx  and  humming-bird,  their  flight 
is  heavy  and  reluctant,  and  they  receive  food  only  in  the  state  of 
repose. 

The  larvas  are  generally  elongated,  with  lateral,  oblique, 
colored  lines,  and  a  prominent  horn  on  the  upper  part  of  the  pos- 
terior extremity  of  the  body.  They  feed  on  leaves,  and  undergo 
their  change  to  the  pupa  state  in  the  earth,  without  the  care  of 
constructing  any  regular  coccoon. 

Smerinthus  geminatus. — Specific  character.  Inner  angle 
of  the  posterior  wings  with  a  large  black  spot,  in  which  are  two 
blue  spots. 

Desc.  Head  tinged  with  ferruginous  before ;  vertex  white ;  an- 
tennas whitish,  pectens  brown  ;  thorax  whitish,  with  a  dark  brown 
disk  rounded  before  and  gradually  dilating  behind;  superior 
wings  varied  with  brown  and  cinereous ;  a  dark  semi-oval  spot 
at  the  tip  is  obvious  and  remarkable ;  inferior  wings  yellowish, 
with  a  red  disk,  and  a  large  deep  black  spot  of  a  similar  shape 
to  that  of  the  thorax,  including  two  blue  spots. 

Obs.  Closely  allied  to  the  ocellata  of  Europe,  and  to  the  myops 
and  excaecata  of  our  own  country ;  but  it  may  be  distinguished 
from  either  by  the  double  blue  spot  in  the  black  patch  on  the  pos- 
terior wings.  The  excaecata  I  have  not  seen,  and  have  therefore 
to  rely  on  Abbot's  drawing  of  that  insect,  as  given  by  Smith  in 
his  splendid  work,  the  "  Lepidopterous  Insects  of  Georgia," 
where  it  is  represented  with  a  single  large  blue  spot,  in  the  place 
of  the  two  that  exist  on  each  posterior  wing  of  the  present  spe- 


26  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

cies.     These  two  spots  seem  to  be  constant  as  well  as  common  to 
both  sexes. 

The  plate  represents  two  views  of  the  natural  size. 

LEPTIS.    Plate  XIII. 

Generic  character.  Antennas  short,  approximate,  at  base,  tri- 
articulate ;  basal  joint  cylindric ;  second  cyathiforrn ;  third  conic, 
not  annulated,  and  terminated  by  a  long  seta ;  stemmata  three, 
situated  on  the  vertex ;  proboscis  and  palpi  exserted,  the  latter 
pilose,  with  its  second  articulation  elongated ;  wings  divaricated ; 
halteres  naked  ;  onychii  three ;  abdomen  consisting  of  seven  seg- 
ments. 

Obs.  The  species  were  arranged  by  Linne  in  his  genus  Musca. 
Fabricius,  Meigen  and  Latreille,  in  their  earlier  works,  removed 
them  from  Musca,  to  form  a  distinct  group,  to  which  they  ap- 
plied the  name  of  Rhagio,  including,  as  it  then  stood,  some  spe- 
cies that  have  been  since  separated,  and  now  stand  under  the 
name  of  Aiherix.  Those  authors,  in  their  subsequent  publica- 
tions, finding  that  the  appellation  of  Rhagio  presented  the  incon- 
venience of  a  collision  with  that  of  a  Coleopterous  genus  (Rha- 
giwrri),  united  in  rejecting  the  word,  and  supplied  its  place  with 
that  of  Lep>tis,  which  I  have  adopted. 

Some  of  the  species  are  common ;  they  are  predaceous ;  the 
larvae  are  cylindrical,  apodal,  with  a  small  horny  head,  and  live 
in  the  earth. 

Leptis  ornata. — Specific  character.  Velvet-black;  thorax 
and  abdominal  bands  with  whitish  hair ;  wings  hyaline ;  feet 
white. 

Leptis  ornata  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  vol.  iii.  p.  34. 

Desc.  Hypostoma  and  front  with  silvery  white  hair ;  thorax, 
particularly  on  its  lateral  margins,  with  silvery  hair  very  slightly 
tinted  with  yellow ;  pleura,  pectus  and  coxae  black ;  feet  pale  yel- 
lowish ;  tarsi,  except  at  base,  fuscous ;  poisers  pale  yellow ;  ter- 
gum  on  the  basal  segment  nearly  covered  with  silvery  hair ;  re- 
maining segments  each  with  a  silvery  band  behind,  occupying 
nearly  one  half  of  its  length,  and  interrupted  in  the  middle  ; 
venter  immaculate. 

Obs.  The  specimen  is  a  male.  The  species  is  an  inhabitant 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  probably  also  of  several  of  the  neighboring 
States.     It  is  very  closely  allied  to  the  thoracica  of  Fabricius, 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  27 

with  which  it  has  probably  been  hitherto  confounded ;  but  it  dif- 
fers from  that  beautiful  species  by  its  pellucid  wings,  pale  tibia, 
broader  bands  of  the  tergurn,  color  of  the  thoracic  hair,  and  by 
having  silvery  hair  on  the  hypostonia  and  front.  It  belongs  to 
the  second  division  of  the  genus,  in  which  the  palpi  are  cylindri- 
cal, or  slightly  clavate  and  recurved. 

The  upper  left  figure  of  the  plate. 

[Belongs  to  the  genus  Chri/sopila  Macq. — Sacken.] 

Leptis  albicornis. — Specific  character.  Pale  testaceous; 
tergurn  with  a  dorsal  series  of  black  spots ;  wings  spotted  and 
tipped  with  fuscous. 

Leptis  albicornis  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  vol.  iii.  p.  38. 

Desc.  Body  above  rufo-yello wish ;  hypostonia  chestnut;  antennae 
yellowish-white ;  seta  black ;  palpi  and  rostrum  white ;  cheeks 
somewhat  glaucous,  with  whitish  hair ;  thorax  three  or  five  lined 
with  black,  the  three  intermediate  lines  being  obsoletely  separate  ; 
scutel  immaculate ;  wings  hyaline,  costal  margin  tinged  with  yel- 
lowish ;  nervures,  particularly  those  of  the  inner  margin,  those  that 
are  transverse,  stigmata  and  tip  of  the  wing  margined  with  fus- 
cous, more  obvious  and  dilated  at  tip  of  the  wing,  and  on  each 
side  of  those  transverse  nervures  that  are  beyond  the  middle ; 
tergurn  with  a  large  rounded  black  spot  on  each  segment,  and  a 
black  line  on  the  lateral  edge. 

Obs.  Very  closely  allied  to  L.  scolopacea  Fabricius,  of  Europe, 
but  it  differs  from  that  insect  in  several  particulars,  as  in  the 
color  of  the  antennas,  stethidium,  feet,  &c.  The  specimen  is  a 
male. 

The  upper  right  figure. 

Leptis  vertebrata. — Specific  character.  Pale  testaceous; 
tergurn  with  a  dorsal  series  of  black  spots ;  wings  immaculate. 

Leptis  vertebrata  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  vol.  iii.  p.  38. 

Desc.  Head  black :  terminal  joint  of  the  antennae,  excepting 
the  seta  and  palpi,  pale ;  stethidium  blackish  (in  the  female  pale 
testaceous,  with  obscure  lineations  :)  thorax  with  two  obsolete 
cinereous  lines,  and  a  pale  humeral  spot :  scutel  and  poisers  pale- 
yellowish  :  wings  hyaline,  costal  margin  tinged  with  testaceous, 
nervures  brown ;  feet  pale  testaceous,  coxae,  tarsi,  half  of  the  pos- 
terior thighs,  and  posterior  tibia,  black,  (coxae  of  the  female 
color  of  the  stethidium :)  tergurn  yellowish,  segments  each  with 


28  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

a  fuscous  or  blackish  spot  above,  and  a  line  on  the  lateral  edge ; 
the  dorsal  spots  of  the  posterior  segments  are  extended  into 
bands  :  venter  blackish  on  the  terminal  joints. 

Obs.  This  species,  as  well  as  the  albicornis,  belongs  to  Mei- 
gen's  first  division  of  the  genus,  in  which  the  palpi  are  elongate- 
conic,  and  incumbent  on  the  proboscis.  It  resembles  the  albi- 
cornis, but  the  wings  are  immaculate,  &c. 

The  lower  left  figure. 

Leptis  fasciata. — Specific  character.  Velvet-black  ;  thorax 
with  golden-yellow  hair  ;  tergum  fasciate  with  white  ;  wings  hya- 
line with  a  large  brown  stigma. 

Leptis  fasciata  nobis,  Journ.   Acad.   Nat.  Sci.,  vol.  iii.p.  37. 

Desc.  The  fundamental  color  of  the  thorax  is  the  same  with 
that  of  the  other  parts  of  the  body ;  hypostoma  in  a  particular 
light  cinereous ;  pleura  and  pectus  dark  lurid ;  poisers  fuscous, 
scapus  whitish  ;  wing  nervures  brown,  stigma  rather  large,  brown 
and  distinct ;  tergum  on  the  posterior  margin  of  each  segment 
banded  with  yellowish  ;  venter  immaculate  ;  feet  whitish,  thighs 
reddish-brown  towards  their  bases,  tarsi  dusky  at  tip. 

Obs.  Inhabits  Pennsylvania.  The  nervures  of  the  wings  are 
arranged  as  in  Meigen's  second  division,  and  the  insect  has 
much  the  appearance  in  miniature  of  L.  thoracica  of  Fabricius. 

The  lower  right  figure. 

[Belongs  to  the  genus  Clirysopila  Macq. — Sacken.] 

BERYTUS.     Plate  XIV. 

Generic  character.  Antennae  four-jointed,  filiform,  elongated, 
geniculated  in  the  middle,  inserted  above  a  line  drawn  from  the 
eyes  to  the  base  of  the  labrum;  first  joint  very  long,  clavate  at 
tip  ;  second  and  third  joints  intimately  connected  so  as  to  appear 
as  one  ;  last  joint  short  and  oval ;  body  filiform  ;  feet  elongated, 
thighs  clavate. 

Obs.  This  is  one  of  the  many  genera  that  have  been  very 
properly  separated  from  the  Linnsean  Cimex  by  Fabricius  under 
the  name  I  have  adopted,  and  under  that  of  Neidcs  by  Latreille. 
It  is  very  distinct  in  appearance  from  either  of  its  neighboring 
genera,  and  is  remarkable  for  its  slender  form  of  body  and  limbs. 

Berytus  spinosus. — Specific  character.  Obscure  reddish- 
brown  ;  terminal  joint  of  the  antennae  fuscous ;  thorax  punc- 
tured )  a  strong  spine  before  the  posterior  feet. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  29 

Desc.  Antennas  longer  than  the  body,  terminal  joint  fuscous, 
yellowish  at  base  and  tip  :  eyes  black  :  stemmata  sanguineous, 
distant,  placed  very  far  back,  almost  lateral :  clypeus  produced, 
conic  ;  rostrum  as  long  as  thorax,  inflected,  and  placed  in  a  groove 
beneath  :  thorax  gibbous  behind,  punctures  large  and  crowded  : 
scutel  with  an  elevated  spine  :  elytra  nervous,  with  a  black  costal 
spot  near  the  tip  :  posterior  feet  longest ;  a  spine  each  side  as 
thick  as  the  thighs,  originating  before  the  posterior  coxas,  curving 
upward  above  the  elytra,  and  abruptly  attenuated  near  the  tip  : 
abdomen  depressed,  fusiform,  margined ;  margin  paler. 

Obs.  Of  this  genus  Fabricius  has  described  two  species,  of 
which  the  tipularius  appears  to  be  very  like  this  insect — at  least 
as  far  as  I  can  judge  from  description,  having  no  opportunity  to 
consult  a  figure  of  either-  insect  of  the  genus.  One  specimen  in 
my  cabinet  has  the  antennae  rather  shorter,  and  on  .the  thorax  are 
three  lines  a  little  elevated,  one  of  which  is  dorsal  and  two  mar- 
ginal, with  a  two-lobed  raised  transverse  spot  before  :  this  may 
be  a  sexual  variety,  or  possibly  a  distinct  species ;  but,  for  want 
of  sufficient  knowledge  of  them,  I  will  not,  at  present,  incur  the 
responsibility  of  separating  them. 

The  smaller  figure  in  the  plate  denotes  the  natural  size. 

PELECINUS.     Plate  XV. 

Generic  character.  Antennas  with  not  more  than  fourteen 
joints ;  tongue  trifid ;  neck  not  apparent ;  posterior  tibas  clavate ; 
abdomen  slender,  elongated,  filiform,  inserted  at  the  posterior  and 
inferior  extremity  of  the  metathorax. 

Pelecinus  polycerator  Drury. — Specific  character.  Black; 
antennas  with  a  white  annulus ;  posterior  tibia  sericeous  on  the 
inside. 

Ichneumon  polyturator  Drury,  vol.  ii.  pi.  40,  fig.  4. 

Pelecinus  polycerator  Fabr.,  Latr. 

Desc.  Head  with  a  compressed,  elevated  scale-like  tooth  at  the 
inner  base  of  each  antenna  :  antennas,  tenth  joint  and  half  of  the 
ninth  joint  white:  wings,  nervures  and  costal  margin  fuscous: 
feet,  two  anterior  pairs  blackish-piceous ;  posterior  pair  black, 
polished,  the  tibia  much  dilated  at  tip  and  much  dilated  on  the 
inner  side,  the  tarsi  piceous. 


30  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Obs.  A  truly  singular  insect,  not  uncommon  in  various  parts 
of  the  United  States.  Its  flight  is  slow  and  awkward,  and  when 
taken  it  endeavors  to  force  the  point  of  the  abdomen  through  the 
skin  of  the  hand,  but  its  strength  not  adequate  to  the  task.  The 
whole  abdomen  resembles  a  much  elongated  pedicle,  from  which 
the  abdomen  itself,  or  dilated  portion,  has  been  accidently  re- 
moved. 

The  plate  exhibits  two  views  of  the  insect,  natural  size,  and  a 
wing  somewhat  magnified,  to  show  the  arrangement  of  the  ner- 
vures. 

BLAPS.     Plate  XVI. 

Generic  character.  Mentum  small,  or  moderately  large,  quad- 
rate or  orbicular ;  palpi  terminated  by  a  larger  joint;  terminal 
joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  securiform  ;  mandibles  naked  to  their 
base ;  clypeus  terminated  by  a  straight  line  ;  labrum  transverse  ; 
antennae  moniliform  at  tip,  third  joint  much  larger  than  the 
fourth  ;  back  flat ;  thorax  almost  quadrate  ;  elytra  acute  at  tip. 

[These  species  belong  to  the  genus  Eleodes. — Lec] 

Blaps  suturalis. — Specific  character.  Blackish  ;  elytra  sca- 
brous, grooved,  reddish-brown,  punctured ;  lateral  thoracic  mar- 
gin reflected. 

Blaps  suturalis  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  vol.  iii.  p.  257. 

Desc.  Body  black-brown,  punctured  :  antennae,  third  joint 
longer  than  the  fourth  and  fifth  conjointly;  fourth,  fifth,  sixth 
and  seventh  equal  obconico-cylindric  ;  eighth  obconic-orbicular, 
shorter  than  the  preceding;  remaining  joints  nearly  equal  to  the 
eighth,  globose ;  the  terminal  one  somewhat  conic-compressed  : 
labrum  prominent,  emarginate,  and  with  very  short  yellow  hairs 
at  tip  :  thorax  transverse-quadrate  ;  edge  deeply  concave  before ; 
lateral  margin  dilated,  reflected  ;  lateral  edge  regularly  arquated, 
slightly  excurved  at  base  ;  posterior  edge  slightly  flexuose,  nearly 
rectilinear ;  angles  acute,  anterior  ones  with  a  small  excurved 
point ;  punctures  of  the  disk  acute,  distant ;  two  obsolete  indented 
spots  behind  the  middle  :  scutel  impunctured,  distinct,  acute  : 
elytra  with  seven  grooves,  the  four  sutural  ones  each  with  a 
single  series  of  elevated  points,  remaining  grooves  with  numerous 
points  ;  a  series  of  points  on  each  of  the  interstitial  lines  ;  lateral 
edge  reflected,  slightly  elevated,  acute  ;  a  sutural,  common,  red- 
dish-brown margin  :  epipleura  scabrous  and  punctured,  with  four 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  31 

or  five  obsolete  impressed  striae  :  feet  scabrous,  anterior  thighs 
slightly  dilated  beneath  before  the  tip  into  an  obtuse  angle. 

Length  one  inch  nearly. 

Obs.  During  the  progress  of  Major  Long's  expedition  up  the 
Missouri,  that  enterprising  and  excellent  officer  entrusted  me 
with  the  direction  of  a  small  party  of  thirteen  persons,  destined 
to  explore  the  country  on  the  south  side  of  that  extended  river. 
After  encountering  many  obstacles  and  privations  which  it  is 
unnecessary  to  enumerate,  the  party  arrived  at  the  village  of  the 
Konza  Indians,  hungry,  fatigued,  and  out  of  health.  Commise- 
rating our  situation,  these  sons  of  nature,  although  suffering 
under  the  injustice  of  white  people,  received  us  with  their 
characteristic  hospitality,  and  ameliorated  our  condition  by  the 
luxuries  of  repletion  and  repose.  Whilst  sitting  in  the  large 
earth-covered  dwelling  of  the  principal  chief,  in  presence  of  seve- 
ral hundred  of  his  people,  assembled  to  view  the  arms,  equip- 
ments, and  appearance  of  the  party,  I  enjoyed  the  additional 
gratification  to  see  an  individual  of  this  fine  species  of  Blaps 
running  towards  us  from  the  feet  of  the  crowd.  The  act  of  em- 
paling this  unlucky  fugitive  at  once  conferred  upon  me  the 
respectful  and  mystic  title  of  "  medicine  man,"  from  the  super- 
stitious faith  of  that  simple  people. 

On  the  subsequent  journey  towards  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
several  specimens  occurred,  together  with  other  insects  of  the 
same  classical  division,  till  then  unknowa. 

The  upper  right  figure. 

Blaps  acuta. — Specific  character.  Blackish;  elytra  sca- 
brous, grooved ;  dilated  sutural  margin  reddish-brown ;  exterior 
edge  acute ;  thoracic  margin  not  reflected. 

Blaps  acuta  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  iii.  p.  258. 

Desc.  Body  blackish,  punctured :  head  with  larger  punctures 
than  those  of  the  thorax :  antennae  as  in  the  preceding  species : 
labrum  prominent,  emarginate,  with  short  yellow  hairs  at  tip : 
thorax  subquadrate :  anterior  edge  concave ;  punctures  minute, 
separate;  lateral  margin  not  reflected;  lateral  edge  regularly 
arquated,  a  little  excurved  at  base ;  posterior  edge  nearly  rectili- 
near :  scutel  impunctured :  elytra  grooved :  the  four  sutural 
grooves  with  a  single  series  of  elevated  points ;  interstitial  lines 
with    about  one  series  of    distant   punctures;    sutural   margin 


32  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

obsoletely  reddish-brown ;  exterior  edge  acute :  epipleura  obso- 
letely  grooved,  scabrous,  punctured,  and  from  the  base  to  near 
the  middle  tinged  with  reddish-brown :  anterior  thighs  dilated, 
and  armed  with  a  prominent  spine  near  the  tip. 

Length  nearly  one  inch  and  one-fifth. 

The  gradually  recurved  form  of  the  lateral  margin  of  the 
thorax  in  the  preceding  species,  gives  to  the  whole  thorax  a 
somewhat  concave  appearance,  notwithstanding  the  convexity  of 
the  disk.  In  this  conformation  the  present  insect  is  obviously 
distinct,  although  very  similar  as  respects  general  color,  the  form 
of  the  elytra,  feet,  and  abdomen.  The  thorax  here  exhibits  a 
regular  convexity,  which  gradually  subsides  towards  the  lateral 
edges.     This  species  occurred  in  Missouri,  near  Council  Bluff. 

The  upper  left  figure. 

Blaps  obscura. — Specific  character.  Blackish :  elytra  sca- 
brous, grooved,  dark  reddish-brown,  margin  rounded,  thoracic 
margin  not  reflected. 

Blaps  obscura  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  iii.  p.  250. 

Desc.  This  species  resembles  the  preceding,  but  the  thorax  is 
proportionally  longer,  the  elytra  are  of  a  dull  reddish-brown 
color,  approaching  to  piceous,  and  the  lateral  margin  is  rounded 
so  as  to  exhibit  no  edge. 

Length  more  than  one  inch. 

Obs.  I  obtained  this  insect  in  the  country  bordering  the  river 
Platte,  within  a  hundred  miles  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

The  lower  left  figure. 

Blaps  hispilabris. — Specific  character.  Blackish;  elytra 
scabrous,  grooved ;  sutural  margin  obsoletely  reddish-brown ; 
labrum  with  black,  rigid  hairs. 

Blaps  hispilabris  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  iii.  p.  259. 

Desc.  In  form  of  the  elytra,  their  lateral  curve,  rotundity  of 
edge,  sculpture  and  color,  this  species  resembles  the  obscura ;  but 
the  anterior  angles  of  the  thorax  are  distinctly  excurved  and 
acute,  the  posterior  angles  viewed  from  above  exhibit  no  excurva- 
ture  5  the  scutel  is  proportionally  smaller  and  more  rounded,  and 
the  labrum  is  distinctly  armed  with  many  black  rigid  hairs  ex- 
tending forward,  and  projecting  beyond  the  extremity  of  the 
labrum. 

Length  more  than  four-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  33 

The  lower  right  figure ;  the  figure  near  the  bottom  of  the 
plate  is  a  magnified  representation  of  an  antenna. 

ARGYNNIS.     Plate  XVII. 
Papilio  Linn. 

Generic  character.  Antennas  terminated  by  a  short  club ;  palpi 
divaricating,  second  joint  compressed,  broad,  hairy;  third  joint 
terminating  abruptly  by  a  short,  slender,  acute  joint :  inferior  wings 
suborbicular ;  anterior  feet  short,  feeble  :  tarsi  with  double  nails. 

Obs.  Many  species  of  this  genus  are  beautifully  decorated  with 
spots  on  the  lower  surface  of  the  inferior  wings,  resplendent  with 
all  the  brilliancy  of  polished  silver,  or  rivalling  the  milder,  but 
not  less  attractive  lustre,  of  precious  opal.  The  superior  surface 
of  the  wings  is  varied  with  red  or  orange,  agreeably  relieved  by 
spots  or  lines  of  black  or  brown.  The  larva  or  caterpillar  is 
armed  with  spines,  and  the  pupa  or  chrysalis  attaches  itself  by 
the  tail  to  a  fixed  object,  in  order  to  pass  its  destined  period  of 
quiescent  preparation,  for  its  change  to  the  perfect,  adult  or 
butterfly  state. 

Linne  included  the  species  in  his  genus  Papilio,  but  Fabricius 
separated  them  as  a  distinct  group  under  the  name  we  have  here 
adopted. 

Argynnis  Diana  Cramer. — Specific  character.  Wings  above 
black-brown,  with  a  very  broad  fulvous  exterior  margin,  in 
which  are  a  few  blackish  spots  and  nervures. 

Papilio  Diana  Cramer,  Ins.  vol.  ii.  p.  4.  pi.  98,  fig.  D.  E. 

Le  P.  Diane  Encycl.  Method.  Insectes,  pi.  35,  f.  2. 

Desc.  Body  above  black-brown :  vertex,  and  anterior  sides  of 
the  thorax,  ferruginous :  wings  on  the  basal  two-thirds  blackish- 
brown  :  the  outer  third  pale  fulvous,  on  the  superior  wings 
divided  by  blackish-brown  margined  nervures,  and  marked  by 
two  distant  series  of  dots  of  a  similar  color,  the  exterior  of  which 
is  obsolete ;  on  the  margin  of  the  inferior  wings  the  two  series 
of  dots  are  hardly  to  be  traced  :  beneath,  on  the  superior  wings, 
the  blackish-brown  basal  portion  has  from  six  to  eight  ochraceous 
spots,  of  which  the  external  ones  are  longitudinal,  and  those 
nearer  the  base  are  nearly  transverse  :  intervening  between  these 
two  sets  of  spots,  are  two  opalescent  spots,  placed  transversly, 
and  sometimes  confluent ;  exterior  third  of  the  wing  ochraceous, 

3 


34  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

deeper  towards  the  anterior  angle,  and  with  two  distinct  fuscous 
spots  ;  inferior  wings,  on  the  basal  two-thirds  reddish-brown,  with 
two  small  distant  silvery  spots  on  the  anterior  margin,  and  a  series 
of  obsolete  dull  silvery  lines  behind  the  middle  ;  exterior  third  of 
these  wings  ochraceous,  with  a  marginal  series  of  seven  short  sil- 
very lines. 

Obs.  The  present  species,  though  not  remarkable  for  any  supe- 
rior gaiety  of  coloring,  interests  by  the  simple  contrast  of  black- 
ish and  pale  orange  colors,  of  its  superior  surface,  as  well  as  by 
the  rows  of  slender  silvery  lines  which  decorate  the  under  page 
of  its  inferior  wings. 

I  have  taken  this  insect  in  Georgia,  East  Florida,  Arkansaw, 
and  Missouri,  but  have  not  yet  met  with  it  in  Pennsylvania. 
Cramer  described  his  specimen,  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  J.  C. 
Sylvius  Van  Lennep,  and  states  it  to  have  been  taken  in  Virginia. 
He  has  applied  to  it  the  terrestial  name  of  the  daughter  of 
Jupiter  and  Latona,  and  the  twin  sister  of  Apollo,  in  pursuance 
of  the  example  of  Linne,  who  thus  endeavored  to  connect  Ento- 
mology with  Mythology  and  the  civil  history  of  antiquity. 

The  plate  represents  two  views  of  this  species,  beneath  which 
is  an  enlarged  palpus. 

CICINDELA.     Plate  XVIII. 

Generic  character.  Antennae  filiform;  clypeus  shorter  than 
the  labrum ;  maxillae  monodactyle,  with  two  very  distinct  palpi, 
of  which  the  exterior  one  is  nearly  equal  to  the  labial  palpi, 
penultimate  joint  of  the  latter  hairy ;  mentum  trifid,  the  divisions 
nearly  equal  in  length;  feet  slender,  elongated;  anterior  tibia 
without  a  sinus  near  the  tip. 

Obs.  A  very  natural  and  interesting  group  of  insects.  Many 
species  inhabit  this  country,  the  more  common  of  which,  such  as 
the  vulgaris,  sex-guttata  and  punctulata,  are  familiar  to  most  per- 
sons who  delight  in  rural  scenery.  They  inhabit  arid  situations, 
run  and  fly  swiftly,  and  live  upon  prey,  which  they  seize  by  means 
of  their  somewhat  elongated  and  very  acute  mandibles. 

Cicindela  decemnotata. — Specific  character.  Green,  above 
tinged  with  cupreous;  elytra  margined  with  bright  green  or 
bluish ;  four  white  spots  and  an  intermediate  refracted  band. 

Desc.  Labrum   three-toothed,  white :   mandibles   black,   base 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  35 

white :  elytra  with  a  white  spot  on  the  shoulder,  another  equi- 
distant from  the  first  and  the  band  :  band  broad,  arising  from  the 
middle  of  the  margin,  refracted  at  the  centre  of  the  elytrum, 
and  terminated  near  the  suture  in  a  line  with  the  tip  of  the  third 
spot ;  this  spot  is  large,  orbicular,  and  placed  near  the  external 
tip  of  the  terminal  one,  which  is  transverse  and  triangular :  body 
beneath  green  :  trochanters  and  tail  purple. 

Obs.  The  specimen  from  which  this  description  and  the 
annexed  representation  were  taken,  is  a  female,  the  only  one  I 
have  seen :  it  was  caught  by  Mr.  Nuttall,  on  the  sandy  alluvions 
of  the  Missouri,  above  the  confluence  of  the  river  Platte. 

Upper  figure  of  the  plate. 

[This  species  is  unknown  to  me ;  it  resembles  the  green  vari- 
eties of  C.  purpurea,  but  differs  by  the  middle  fascia  of  the  elytra 
being  more  suddenly  bent,  and  more  prolonged  behind. — Lec] 

Cicindela  FORMOSA. — Specific  character.  Red  cupreous, 
brilliant;  elytra  with  a  three  branched,  broad  white  margin. 

Desc.  Front  hairy :  labrum  large,  three-toothed  :  elytra  with  a 
broad  white  border,  anterior  and  posterior  branches  short,  inter- 
mediate one  flexuous,  nearly  reaching  the  suture ;  edge  of  the 
elytra  green ;  body  beneath  green  or  purple-blue,  very  hairy  : 
thighs   blue,  tibia  green. 

Length  seven-tenths,  breadth  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

Obs.  A  beautiful  species;  it  was  captured  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Nuttall,  on  the  sandy  alluvions  of  the  Missouri  river,  above  the 
confluence  of  the  Platte. 

Lower  figure  of  the  plate. 

.EGERIA. 

Generic  character.  Antennae  fusciform  [fusiform?] ;  palpi  long, 
separate,  covered  with  long  scales  or  porrected  hair  ;  wings  hori- 
zontal in  repose ;  abdomen  bearded  at  tip. 

Obs.  Fabricius  formed  this  genus  for  the  reception  of  such  spe- 
cies of  the  genus  Sesia,  as  have  the  palpi  prominent,  distinct,  and 
covered  by  elongated  scales.  As  Sesia  now  stands,  it  differs  from 
the  present,  by  the  short  palpi,  which  are  covered  by  short,  close- 
set  scales ;  and  their  terminal  joint  is  very  short,  tuberculiform ; 
Lamarck,  however,  applies  the  name  Sesia  to  the  present  genus. 

The  wings  in  the  various  species  of  jEgeria  are  chiefly  trans- 


36  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

parent,  and  the  body  being  slender,  with  colored  bands  in  some  of 
the  species,  they  have  much  the  appearance  of  bees  and  wasps  ; 
whence  the  names  apiformis,  vespiformis,  crabroniformis,  &c, 
which  have  been  applied  in  this  genus.  Degeer,  in  his  history 
of  one  of  the  species,  observes,  "  the  first  time  that  I  saw  it,  I 
hesitated  to  take  it  with  my  naked  hand,  believing  I  had  found  a 
wasp." 

JEgeria  exitiosa. — Desc.  Male.  Body  steel-blue ;  antennae 
ciliated  on  the  inner  side,  black,  with  a  tinge  of  blue ;  palpi  be- 
neath, yellow ;  head  with  a  band  at  base,  both  above  and  beneath, 
pale  yellow ;  eyes  black-brown ;  thorax  with  two  pale  yellow  lon- 
gitudinal lines,  and  a  transverse  one  behind,  interrupted  above, 
and  a  spot  of  the  same  color,  beneath  the  origin  of  the  wings ; 
wings  hyaline,  nervures  and  margin  steel-blue,  which  is  more  di- 
lated on  the  costal  margin,  and  on  the  anastomosing  band  of  the 
superior  wings ;  feet  steel  blue,  the  coxae,  two  bands  on  the  tibiae 
including  the  spines,  incisures  of  the  posterior  tarsi,  and  anterior 
tarsi  behind,  pale  yellow ;  abdomen  with  two  very  narrow  pale 
yellow  bands,  one  of  which  is  near  the  base,  and  the  other  on  the 
middle ;  tail  fringed,  the  fringe  margined  with  white  each  side. 

Female.  Body  very  dark  steel-blue,  with  a  tinge  of  purple  ; 
antennae  destitute  of  cilise ;  palpi  beneath,  black ;  thorax  imma- 
culate ;  superior  wings  steel-blue,  without  any  hyaline  spot ;  in- 
ferior wings  hyaline,  with  an  opaque  margin  and  longitudinal 
line ;  the  latter  and  the  costal  margin  are  dilated ;  tergum  with 
the  fifth  segment  bright  reddish-fulvous. 

Pupa  with  two  semifasciae  of  spines  upon  each  of  the  seg- 
ments, excepting  the  three  terminal  ones,  which  have  a  single 
row  only. 

Follicle  brown,  oblong-oval,  composed  of  small  pieces  of  bark 
and  earth,  closely  connected  together  by  the  web  of  the  animal. 

JEgeria  exitiosa  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.,  Sci,  vol.  iii.  p.  216. 

Obs.  This  insect  has  been  for  years  the  cause  of  great  solicitude 
and  regret  to  all  the  lovers  of  fine  fruit.  Our  readers  will  ac- 
knowledge the  fact,  when  we  inform  them,  that  small  as  it  is,  it 
is  no  other  than  the  silent,  insidious  destroyer  of  the  peach-tree. 

The  sexes  are  so  remarkably  different  from  each  other,  that  we 
should  hesitate  in  yielding  our  assent  to  their  specific  unity,  if 
we  were  not  apprised  of  the  circumstance,  that  the  sexes  of  many 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  37 

of  the  species  are  very  unlike  each  other.  In  the  present  in- 
stance, the  difference  is  so  great,  as  to  render  it  difficult  to  con- 
struct a  good  common  specific  character. 

We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  James  Worth,  a  zealous  and  careful 
observer,  for  the  principal  part  of  the  accurate  information  which 
we  possess  relative  to  this  formidable  insect.  The  following  ob- 
servations are  extracted  from  a  valuable  essay,  by  that  gentleman, 
published  in  the  volume  quoted  above. 

The  egg  deposited  on  the  side  of  a  glass  tumbler,  was  oblong- 
oval,  dull  yellow,  and  so  small  as  to  be  only  just  discernible  by 
the  naked  eye.  Excepting  in  a  state  of  confinement,  he  never 
saw  the  female  at  rest,  but  in  one  instance,  when  she  was  perched 
on  a  leaf,  which  may  possibly  be  the  usual  place  of  deposit, 
though  he  is  inclined  to  believe  that  it  is  made  on  some  part  of 
the  trunk  of  the  tree.  The  larva  is  of  a  white  color,  the  head 
being  reddish-brown.  It  is  somewhat  difficult  to  ascertain  the 
early  movements  of  the  larva,  in  consequence  of  its  small  size ; 
but  its  destructive  career  certainly  commences  about  the  last  of 
September,  or  early  in  October,  by  its  entering  the  tree  probably 
through  the  tender  bark  under  the  surface  of  the  soil ;  after  hav- 
ing passed  through  the  bark,  it  proceeds  downwards  into  the  root, 
and  finally  turns  its  course  towards  the  surface,  where  it  arrives 
about  the  commencement  of  the  succeeding  July. 

Having  attained  to  its  full  growth,  the  larva  enters  the  pupa 
state,  between  the  first  and  middle  of  July ;  enveloped  in  its  fol- 
licle, it  may  then  be  readily  discovered  close  to  the  trunk,  sur- 
rounded by  the  gum  which  oozes  from  the  wound.  The  pupa 
state  continues  from  the  tenth  of  July  to  the  latter  part  of  that 
month,  or  beginning  of  August. 

Mr.  Worth  examined  his  fruit  trees  on  the  tenth  of  July,  when 
he  obtained  twenty  follicles,  and  about  thirty  larvae ;  of  the  folli- 
cles, four  were  empty,  the  insect  having  assumed  the  wing  state. 
The  larvae  had  all  arrived  near  the  surface  of  the  ground,  for  the 
purpose  of  undergoing  their  great  change. 

Against  the  depredations  of  this  insect,  many  supposed  reme- 
dies have  been  prescribed,  such  as  the  application  of  hot  water, 
tanner's  bark,  and  flower  of  sulphur,  to  the  root  of  the  tree,  and 
soft  soap  and  lime-wash  to  the  trunk ;  but  it  is  obvious,  that  no 
application  of  this  kind  can  injure  the  insect,  without  coming  in 


38 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 


contact  with  it  whilst  it  remains  in  the  egg,  or  infantile  state,  on 
the  outside  of  the  tree,  for  after  having  penetrated  to  the  interior, 
no  superficial  application  can  effect  it.  The  various  substances 
placed  around  the  root  of  the  tree,  such  as  ashes  and  sand,  the  un- 
covering of  its  .base  during  winter,  and  covering  again  for  the 
summer,  are  also  pronounced  by  Mr.  Worth,  from  his  experience, 
to  be  inefficient  and  even  injurious  to  the  health  of  the  tree. 

"  The  best  plan  of  guarding  against  the  ravages  of  the  insect, 
which  I  have  found,  is  to  examine  the  trees  early  in  the  month 
of  July ;  take  a  bricklayer's  trowel,  and  opening  the  ground 
around  the  trunk,  the  lodgment  of  the  insect  will  at  once  be  dis- 
covered, by  the  appearance  of  gum,  and  it  can  readily  be  de- 
stroyed ;  one  person  can  thus  examine  more  than  a  hundred  trees 
in  less  than  half  a  day,  and  very  few,  if  any,  of  the  insects  will 
escape.  But  in  order  the  more  effectually  to  destroy  them,  I 
would  advise,  that  from  the  first  to  the  middle  of  August,  some 
swingling  tow,  a  piece  of  hairy  hide,  (the  hair  inside,  but  turned 
over  at  top,)  or  some  other  coarse  thing  of  six  or  more  inches  in 
width,  be  tied  close  around  the  trunk  of  the  tree,  the  under  edge 
to  be  a  little  covered  with  earth,  so  as  to  prevent  any  passage  be- 
neath ;  about  the  middle  of  September  remove  the  bandage,  and 
immediately  give  the  whole  trunk  of  the  tree  a  covering  of  soft 
soap  or  lime-wash,  well  brushed  on,  that  no  spot  from  the  head 
to  the  root  may  remain  untouched.  Perhaps  a  decoction  of  to- 
bacco, or  some  other  wash,  might  do  better  ;  even  hot  water  would 
be  effectual,  where  the  tree  was  sufficiently  hardy  to  bear  the  ap- 
plication ;  or  it  may  be,  that  the  wash  would  answer  the  purpose 
without  the  bandage,  but  where  the  bandage  is  dispensed  with, 
the  wash  ought,  I  think,  to  be  applied  about  the  first  of  Septem- 
ber, or  I  should  have  great  confidence  in  a  bandage  of  tobacco 
leaves  or  stems ;  it  should  be  kept  on  from  the  first  of  August  to 
November,  and  could  do  no  damage  by  being  continued,  provided 
it  was  not  tied  so  close  as  to  cramp  the  growth  of  the  tree. 

"  But  there  are  causes  of  decline  other  than  that  of  the  insect, 
and  the  principal  one  is  the  not  stirring  of  the  ground ;  I  appre- 
hend, that  the  disease  called  'yellows'  is  often  thus  occasioned. 
Last  year  my  peach  orchard  was  considerably  affected ;  and  the 
ground  had  not  been  ploughed  for  three  years,  and  had  become' 
quite  covered  with  grass.     In  the  spring  of  the  current  year  I 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  39 

had  it  well  broken  up,  and  kept  clean  during  the  summer ;  the 
trees  soon  assumed  a  healthy  appearance,  and  furnished  a  plenti- 
ful supply  of  fine  fruit,  and  the  whole  orchard  is  now  in  the  most 
flourishing  condition,  and  I  believe  there  will  be  no  difficulty  in 
keeping  it  in  that  state." 

But  my  friend  Mr.  J.  Gilliams,  has  certainly  derived  great 
advantage  from  the  use  of  the  cinders  of  the  common  anthracite, 
which  is  now  so  generally  introduced  as  a  fuel ;  he  opens  a  small 
basin  around  the  trunk  of  the  tree,  and  fills  it  with  the  cinders ; 
he  informs  me  that  the  trees  thus  treated,  have  assumed  a  more 
healthy  appearance  than  others,  and  they  are  not  at  all  infested 
by  this  destructive  insect. 

In  Mr.  Skinner's  very  useful  paper,  the  American  Farmer, 
(vol.  vi.  p.  14,)  are  a  few  highly  important  remarks  on  this  sub- 
ject, by  Mr.  William  Shotwell,  of  which  the  following  is  an  ex- 
tract :  "  I  cleaned  a  number  of  trees,  and  put  a  coat  of  lime 
mortar,  about  half  an  inch  thick  round  the  body,  then  drew  the 
earth  up  to  it.  These  trees  are  now  perfectly  healthy,  and  there" 
has  not  been  the  sign  of  a  worm  about  them  since,  although  it 
was  five  years  past  that  the  experiment  was  made.  I  have  since 
tried  the  same  on  a  great  number  of  trees  with  equal  success." 

In  the  same  work  (vol.  vi.  p.  37,)  are  some  interesting 
observations  on  the  preservation  of  peach-trees,  by  Mr.  Evan 
Thomas,  Jr.,  from  which  we  gather  the  following  information. 
On  removing  the  earth  from  about  the  roots  of  some  trees 
of  a  sickly  appearance,  he  observed  a  considerable  quantity 
of  gum  that  had  exuded  from  several  minute  apertures  of 
the  trunk ;  on  opening  these  carefully  with  a  knife,  the  larvae 
were  discovered.  They  were  about  one  inch  long,  of  a  cream 
color,  the  head  somewhat  depressed,  chestnut-brown.  "  They 
had  perforated  the  bark  about  one  inch  below  the  surface 
of  the  earth,  and  were  devouring  voraciously,  both  the  alburnum 
and  liber,  leaving  the  cortex  and  epidermis  as  a  covering  and  de- 
fence." Having  destroyed  these  depredators,  Mr.  Thomas  ap- 
plied Forsythe's  healing  composition  to  the  wounds,  with  the 
expectation  that  it  would  not  only  exhibit  its  usual  efficacy,  but 
that  it  would  also  prevent  the  access  of  a  new  colony  of  the 
enemy.  In  this,  however,  he  was  disappointed,  for  on  examining 
the  same  trees  again,  at  the    expiration  of  about  six  weeks,  he 


40  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

found  that  a  new  deposit  had   been   made,  and  that  the   young 
worms  were  then  devouring  what  their  predecessors  had  left.  This 
fact  exhibited   the  inefficacy  of  the  practice  of  laying  bare  the 
roots  during  the  winter.     "  About  the  close  of  July,  many  of 
these  insects,  having  assumed   the  winged   state,  soon  after  de- 
posit their  eggs  in  peach-trees,  just  beneath  the   surface ;  first 
wounding  the  bark  in  different  places,  which,  on  examination, 
appears  to  have  been  effected  by  a  blunt  pointed   instrument. 
They  leave  from  one  to  fifty,  and  in  some  instances,  nearly  three 
hundred  eggs  in  each  tree,  according  to  its  size  and  capacity  to 
support  the  future  progeny  :  these  soon  appear,  but  it  is  difficult 
to  detect  them  until  they  have  acquired  a  growth  of  two  or  three 
weeks,  when  they  are  four  or  five  lines  in  length.     From  this 
period,  their  growth  is  accelerated  or  retarded  in  proportion  to 
the  quantity  of  nourishment  afforded.     In  general,  however,  the 
pupae  are  formed  early  in  October,  in  the  midst  of  a  conglomera- 
tion of  gum,  fibrous  and  excrementitious  matter,  and  about  the 
close  of  the  mouth  the  insect  issues  from  the  chrysalis,  deposits 
its  eggs  as   before  mentioned,  and  prepares  to  hybernate,  like 
others  of  the  same  tribe,  in  the  roofs  of  houses,  beneath  the  bark 
of  old  trees,  &c.     The  larvae  appear  in  April,  assume  the  nymph 
state,  and  accomplish  their  final  transformation  in  the  course  of 
July.     Thus,  there  are  two  periods   in  each  year  assigned  for 
their  production  and  reproduction  :  nevertheless,  individuals  may 
be  seen  during  the  whole  season,  in  almost  every  stage  of  exist- 
ence."    Having  thus  ascertained  an  important  part  of  the  natural 
history   of    the    species,    and    the    inefficiency   of   the    applica- 
tions hitherto  made  with  a  view  to  prevent  its  depredations,  Mr. 
Thomas  was  led  to  make  another  experiment,  which,  he  informs 
us,  has  been  completely  successful.     "Remove  the  earth  from 
about  the  trunk  of  the  tree  quite  down  to  the  lateral  roots,  press 
with  the  but  end  of  the  pruning  knife  against  the  bark  in  differ- 
ent places ;  if  it  appears  to  adhere  firmly,  and  no  gum  or  moisture 
issues,  a  thin  coat  of  the  composition   described  below,  may  be 
applied   both   above   and   beneath  the  surface,  by  a  brush  or 
wooden   spatula,   about  two   inches   broad.     Then   take  Canton 
matting,  (or  any  other  similar  substance,)  cut  into  pieces  of  from 
six  to  twelve  inches  in  width,  according  to  the  size  of  the  tree, 
and  of  sufficient  length  to  encircle  it;  bind  one  of  these  around 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  41 

the  part  intended  to  be  secured,  by  two  or  three  ties  of  twine  or 
woollen  yarn,  so  that  one-half  shall  be  below,  and  the  other  half 
above  the  surface ;  draw  earth,  divested  of  grass  or  rubbish,  to 
the  tree,  pressing  it  with  the  foot,  close  to  the  matting.  The 
insects,  governed  by  instinct,  will  not  lay  their  eggs  in  the  mat- 
ting, but  will  seek  elsewhere  for  a  situation  congenial  with  their 
habits.  If,  however,  there  is  a  clammy  moisture,  or  portions  of 
gum  adhering  to  the  main  stem  or  roots,  these  should  be  regarded 
as  almost  certain  indications  of  worms )  every  opening,  however 
minute,  should  be  carefully  probed,  and  the  direction  taken  by 
each  worm,  ascertained ;  cut  away  that  portion  of  the  bark  only, 
of  which  the  interior  part  has  been  destroyed,  until  you  arrive 
at  the  object  of  pursuit,  which  must  be  removed  and  killed. 
Having  in  this  manner  extirpated  all  that  are  to  be  found,  trim 
the  edges  of  the  wounds  neatly,  and  fill  up  the  cavities  with  a 
composition  consisting  of  two  parts  of  fresh  cow-dung,  one  part 
of  leached  ashes,  to  each  gallon  of  which,  add  a  handful  of 
ground  plaster-of-paris,  and  as  much  water  as  will  reduce  the 
the  whole  mass  to  the  consistence  of  a  thick  paste ;  spread  a  thin 
coat  of  this  composition  over  the  part  to  be  covered,  and  then 
apply  the  bandage  as  before  directed.  As  the  ants,  and  several 
other  insects  among  the  wounded  trees,  exceedingly  and  materi- 
ally retard  their  recovery,  I  would  recommend  the  part  to  be 
washed  with  common  white-wash,  and  a  little  flower  of  sulphur, 
or  snuff  sprinkled  over  it,  before  the  composition  is  applied.  The 
latter  end  of  April,  and  the  beginning  of  September,  are  the  most 
suitable  periods,  for  those  accustomed  to  it,  to  begin  the  search." 

Several  other  gentlemen  have  particularly  observed  the  peach 
insect,  and  of  these  we  may  mention  Dr.  James  Smith,  who  has 
given  the  result  of  his  inquiries,  in  the  sixth  volume  of  the 
American  Farmer,  p.  334,  and  Mr.  Reuben  Haines,  who  has 
published  his  observations  in  p.  401,  of  the  same  volume.  But 
we  think  it  highly  probable,  that  the  practice  first  proposed  by 
Mr.  Shotwell,  if  carefully  and  properly  carried  into  effect,  will 
effectually  secure  the  peach  tree  from  the  depredations  of  the 
jEgeritt  exitiosa. 

Upper  figure — Female. 

Middle  figure — Male. 

Right  figure — Exuvia  of  the  Pupa. 

Left  figure — Follicle. 


42  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

iEGERiA  Omphale. — Specific  character.  Body  red ;  abdo- 
men behind  and  dorsal  line  black,  with  blue  spots. 

Cosmosoma  Omphale  Hubner,  fig.  1.  4.  £   $ . 

Desc.  Body  bright  red  :  head  black,  with  large  brilliant  blue 
spots  :  antennae  at  tip,  whitish ;  palpi,  second  and  third  joints 
red ;  thorax  with  a  black  transverse  line  before,  continued  over  the 
wings  ;  on  the  anterior  part  are  four  blue  spots  :  tergum  bright 
red,  with  a  longitudinal  line,  abbreviated  at  base,  and  tip  black ; 
in  which  color  are  four  brilliant  lateral  blue  spots,  and  about  seven 
dorsal  ones  :  venter  excepting  at  base,  and  each  side  near  the  base, 
black,  with  a  large  pure  white  spot  on  each  side,  before  the  mid- 
dle ;  tuft  at  tip  obsolete  :  wings  hyaline,  nervures  and  margins 
black ;  the  black  of  the  tip  wide  :  feet  bright  red  :  intermediate 
tibiae  black  before  :  posterior  tibiae  with  a  black  line  before. 

Obs.  This  very  beautiful  species  was  found  by  Mr.  T.  Peale  in 
Florida,  and  was  presented  to  me,  for  the  present  plate,  by  the 
Prince  of  Musignano,  with  whom  I  agree  in  the  specific  name 
here  adopted  from  Hubner. 

The  striking  contrast  of  the  red  and  black  colors,  and  the 
beautiful  brilliant  vivid  azure  blue,  reflected  from  the  spots  of 
the  abdomen,  anterior  parts  of  the  thorax  and  the  head,  render 
this  a  highly  interesting  insect. 

Lower  figure. 

COENOMYIA.     Plate  XX. 

Generic  character.  Antennae  porrect,  triarticulate,  first  joint 
rather  long,  cylindrical ;  second,  cyathiform  ;  third,  conical,  eight 
ringed ;  seta  none ;  palpi  elevated ;  proboscis  short ;  scutel  bi- 
dentate ;  wings  horizontal,  crossed  upon  the  tergum. 

Obs.  We  are  indebted  to  Latreille  for  this  genus,  which  has 
been  adopted  by  Meigen,  who,  in  his  European  Diptera,  describes 
but  a  single  species  as  belonging  to  it.  Fabricius  gave  the  name 
of  Sicus  to  this  genus,  a  designation  that  Latreille  had  already 
applied  to  a  very  different  group.  The  present  name  will  there- 
fore be  considered  as  having  the  priority. 

Coenomyia  pallida. — Specific  character.  Wings  and  abdo- 
men yellowish-testaceous ;  thorax  ferruginous. 

Coenomyia  pallida  nobis,  in  Long's  Second  Expedition. 

Desc.  Head  yellowish-testaceous ;  orbits  beneath  and  behind, 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  43 

dark  cinereous ;  vertex  with  an  elevated,  obtuse,  dusky  line 
between  the  steinmata :  thorax  ferruginous ;  anterior  angles  a 
little  prominent,  rounded  and  concave  behind,  with  an  elevated 
line  reaching  to  the  origin  of  the  wings  :  scutel  color  of  the 
thorax  :  wings  pale  yellowish-brown,  with  margined  nervures  : 
poisers  whitish  :  feet  somewhat  paler  than  the  thorax  :  tergum 
polished  ;  posterior  segments  somewhat  sericeous  ;  second,  third, 
and  fourth  segments,  with  three  abbreviated  series  of  punctures 
near  their  bases. 

Obs.  During  the  recent  journey  of  Major  Long's  party  to  the 
source  of  St.  Peter's  river,  I  obtained  three  individuals  of  this 
interesting  species,  the  only  one  yet  found  in  North  America. 
They  occured  in  a  small  forest  of  scattered  trees,  where  we  halted 
at  our  dining  hour,  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Wennabea's 
Sauk  village  on  the  Pecktannos. 

None  were  observed  at  any  subsequent  period  of  the  journey. 

LYCUS.     Plate  XXI. 

Generic  character.  Head  retracted ;  antennae  approximate, 
much  compressed,  more  or  less  serrated ;  mouth  small,  produced 
into  a  short  rostrum ;  maxillary  palpi  much  longer  than  the 
labials,  terminal  joint  triangular,  truncated ;  mandibles  at  tip, 
entire  and  acute  :  elytra  thin  and  flexible,  nearly  of  equal  breadth, 
or  much  enlarged  towards  the  tip ;  thorax  receiving  and  cover- 
ing the  head,  rounded  before  ;  penultimate  joint  of  the  tarsi  bilo- 
bated. 

Obs.  These  insects  are  somewhat  similar  in  their  appearance 
to  the  well  known  "  Fire-fly,"  whose  scintillations,  on  a  sum- 
mer's evening,  are  scarcely  less  abundant  than  the  lights  of  the 
firmament,  which  they  feebly,  and  but  for  a  moment,  rival.  But 
Lycux  is  not  endowed  with  the  property  of  yielding  light,  and  it 
is  further  distinguished  from  Lampyris  by  the  somewhat  elon- 
gated mouth,  eyes  of  moderate  size,  and  by  the  form  of  the  ter- 
minal joint  of  the  palpi,  which  is  dilated,  compressed,  and  trun- 
cated at  tip.  Another  kindred  genus,  Omalisus,  of  Geoffroy,  is 
in  like  manner  destitute  of  the  curious  power  of  giving  light,  but 
the  mouth  is  not  rostrated,  the  second  and  third  joints  of  the 
antennae  are  very  short,  and  the  head  is  only  in  part  covered  by 
the  thorax. 


44  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Fabricius  separated  these  insects  from  Lampyris,  under  the 
name  of  Lycus,  (Au*o?,)  a  word,  which,  according  to  Olivier,  was 
employed  by  Herzychius  to  designate  a  species  of  spider  j  by 
Athenaeus  for  a  fish  j  and  by  Aristotle  for  a  kind  of  bird.  But 
the  word  was  commonly  used  by  the  Greeks,  and  by  Homer 
himself  to  indicate  the  wolf. 

In  respect  to  form,  the  body  is,  in  many  instances,  somewhat 
Knear,  that  is,  having  the  sides  approaching  to  parallelism ;  but 
in  the  L.  latissimus  Fabr.  of  Africa,  and  the  L.  pall  kit  us  Fabr. 
of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  the  elytra  are  so  much  dilated  as  to 
give  the  species  an  orbicular  appearance  ;  whilst  in  other  species, 
as  the  L.  fasciatus  Fabr.  of  Cayenne,  these  substitutes  for  an- 
terior wings  are  greatly  dilated,  only  toward  their  posterior  ex- 
tremities. Many  have  this  dilatation,  which  is  more  particularly 
observable  in  the  males.  Their  colors  are  chiefly  fulvous,  violet- 
black,  and  sanguineous. 

The  larva  is  supposed  to  live  in  the  earth ;  the  perfect  insect 
is  innoxuous,  and  is  found  on  flowers. 

Lycus  reticulatus. — Specific  character.  Black  ;  lateral 
thoracic  margins  fulvous ;  elytra  fulvous,  with  a  band,  and  ex- 
tremity, blackish. 

Lycus  ntkulatus  Fabr.  Syst.  Eleut.  pt.  2.  p.  111.  Oliv.  Ins. 
vol.  ii.  No.  29,  p.  7.  pi.  1,  fig.  7. 

Desc.  Body  deep  black;  polished  :  antennae  exceeding  the  mid- 
dle of  the  elytra,  opake  :  rostrum  short :  thorax  black,  the  dilated 
lateral  margins  a  little  recurved,  fulvous ;  an  acute  carina  in  the 
middle  ;  posterior  angles  attenuated,  prominent  and  acute  :  elytra 
fulvous,  with  four  elevated  lines,  which  are  alternately  larger, 
the  suture  and  exterior  edge  are  also  elevated  ;  interstitial  spaces 
with  numerous  transverse  elevated  lines;  near  the  base  is  a 
broad  black  band,  which  nearly  reaches  the  middle,  and  is 
continued  along  the  suture  to  the  base ;  a  much  dilated  terminal 
black  band,  which  does  not  reach  the  middle ;  both  these  bands 
are  slightly  tinged  with  violaceous  :  wings  blackish,  the  nervures 
margined  with  whitish  :  feet  sericeous. 

Obs.  This  species  may  well  be  said  to  inhabit  North  America, 
for  it  would  seem  to  be  found  in  almost  every  part  of  it,  except- 
ing, perhaps,  the  region  beyond  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  the 
more  northern  inhospitable  solitude  of  Canada.     I  have  received 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  45 

it  from  Mr.  Holmes  of  Maine,  and  have  myself  found  specimens 
in  Missouri,  North-West  Territory,  and  East  Florida.  In  Penn- 
sylvania it  is  very  common. 

The  elytra  of  the  male,  are  more  dilated  behind  than  those  of 
the  female. 

The  upper  left  figure  of  the  plate. 

[Belongs  to  Calopteron  Guer.,  (Digrapha  Newman,  Charac- 
tus\.  Dej.) — Lec] 

Lycus  TERMINALIS. — Specific  character.  Black ;  thorax  with 
fulvous  lateral  margins ;  elytra  fulvous,  with  a  black  tip. 

Lycus  terminalis  nobis,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  vol.  iii.  p.  178. 

Desc.  Body  deep  black,  polished ;  antennae  reaching  the  middle 
of  the  elytra,  opake :  rostrum  short :  thorax  black,  the  dilated 
lateral  margins  a  little  recurved,  fulvous :  an  acute  carina  in  the 
middle ;  posterior  angles  attenuated,  prominent,  acute ;  scutel  black; 
elytra  fulvous,  with  four  elevated  lines,  which  are  alternately  a 
little  larger :  the  suture  and  exterior  edge  are  also  a  little  ele- 
vated :  interstitial  spaces  with  numerous  transverse  elevated 
lines ;  terminal  third  of  the  surface  violaceous-black :  wings  black- 
ish at  tip ;  feet  sericeous. 

Numerous  specimens  were  observed  by  Major  Long's  party  in 
Missouri  and  Arkansaw.  They  occurred  in  the  prairies  on 
plants,  and  I  found  them  to  be  especially  abundant  near  the  vil- 
lage of  the  Konza  Indians. 

It  is,  without  doubt,  closely  allied  to  the  preceding,  but  the 
anterior  band  of  the  elytra  is  always  deficient,  the  tibice  are  some- 
what more  dilated,  and  there  seems  to  be  a  greater  difference  of 
size  between  the  sexes,  the  male  being  proportionally  smaller. 
We  cannot  suppose  it  to  be  the  L.  dimidiatus  Fabr.,  although 
the  general  tenor  of  the  description  corresponds  very  well,  inas- 
much as  he  represents  the  antennas  to  be  flabellate,  with  elon- 
gated serratures,  and  the  base  of  the  elytra  to  be  rufous,  whereas, 
the  antennae  of  this  species  are  similar  to  those  of  the  reticidatus. 
The  black  on  the  thorax  of  the  female  is  reduced  to  a  narrow 
line. 

The  upper  right  figure  of  the  plate. 

[Belongs  to    Cahpteron. — Lec] 

Lycus  sanquinipennis. — Specific  character.  Thorax  black : 
lateral  margin  sanguineous  :  elytra  sanguineous,  immaculate. 


46  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Lycus  sanguinipennis  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  vol.  iii. 
p.  178. 

Desc.  Body  deep  black,  polished  :  rostrum  prominent ;  thorax 
broad,  not  narrowed  before :  the  transverse  diameter  exceeding 
the  longitudinal :  livid-black ;  lateral  margins  a  little  recurved, 
pale  sanguineous ;  a  carinate  line  on  the  anterior  margin,  termi- 
nating in  a  groove  which  extends  to  the  base :  posterior  angles 
a  little  prominent :  scutel  black  :  elytra  pale  sanguineous,  with 
elevated  lines,  and  intervening  transverse  ones :  wings  a  little 
dusky,  with  brown  nervures. 

One  individual  only,  occurred  to  Major  Long's  exploring  party, 
near  the  base  of  the  Kocky  Mountains.  It  is  widely  distinct 
from  the  preceding  species. 

The  lower  right  figure. 

[I  have  a  species  of  Cahpteron  from  Mexico  which  agrees 
with  the  characters  here  given. — Lec] 

Lycus  perfacetus. — Specific  character.  Black  :  thorax  each 
side  rufous;  elytra  striate. 

Desc.  Body  deep  black :  head  polished,  with  a  deeply  im- 
pressed longitudinal  line :  antennae  opake,  compressed,  a  little 
serrated :  second  joint  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  third, 
which  is  as  long  as  the  fourth,  though  less  dilated :  thorax  some- 
what unequal,  polished  black,  with  broad  rufous  lateral  margins  : 
an  impressed  longitudinal  line ;  posterior  angles  acute :  elytra  with 
slightly  impressed  striae,  and  rounded  interstitial  lines :  beneath 
polished  black. 

Obs.  Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

The  lower  left  figure  of  the  plate. 

[This  species  is  a  Dictyopterus  Latr.,  as  now  restricted  :  a 
synonym  of  it  is  D.  substriatus  Lec,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phil. 
2d  ser.  1,  74. — Lec] 

ICHNEUMON.     Plate  XXII. 

Generic  character.  Antennae  more  than  twenty-jointed ;  ab- 
domen ellipsoidal,  composed  of  more  than  five  segments,  and 
attached  to  the  thorax  by  a  portion  only,  of  its  transverse  diame- 
ter, by  an  abrupt  slender  peduncle;  all. the  wings  having  very 
distinct  nervures ;  extremity  of  the  abdomen  of  the  female  very 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  47 

slightly  compressed,  not  obliquely  truncated  ;  oviduct  concealed, 
or  hardly  prominent. 

Obs.  As  originally  instituted  by  Linne,  the  genus  of  this  name 
was  extremely  abundant  in  species,  and  although  many  divisions 
have  been  made  by  Fabricius  and  others,  the  species  are  still 
numerous.  As  I  adopt  the  genus,  it  corresponds  with  that  of 
Fabricius  and  Latreille,  and  with  Cryptus  as  defined  by  Lamarck, 
These  insects  perform  an  important  part  in  the  operations  of 
nature,  inasmuch,  as  they  seem  destined  to  limit  the  increase  of 
Lepidopterous  insects,  by  destroying  their  larvae,  so  injurious  to 
the  interests  of  agriculture.  All  are  parasitic,  and  in  habit  they 
may  be  compared  to  the  Ichneumon  amongst  the  quadrupeds,  an 
animal  said  to  break  the  eggs  of  the  crocodile,  and  even  to  pene- 
trate the  abdomen  of  that  formidable  reptile,  in  order  to  devour 
the  living  viscera. 

The  female,  in  this  interesting  genus,  when  about  to  deposit 
her  eggs,  becomes  very  active  and  impatient,  flying  from  leaf  to 
leaf,  in  search  of  a  proper  nidus  ;  having  found  a  caterpillar  of 
suitable  magnitude,  she  places  her  eggs  either  upon  the  skin,  or 
by  puncturing  it,  within  the  body,  notwithstanding  the  convul- 
sive efforts  of  prevention  made  by  the  victim.  I  was  witness  to 
a  somewhat  curious  fact  in  relation  to  one  of  these  insects ;  ob- 
serving an  object  closely  resembling  a  caterpillar,  resting  on  a 
leaf,  I  was  preparing  to  take  possesion  of  it,  when  an  Ichneumon 
alighted  on  the  leaf,  and  proceeded  to  examine  the  object  of  my 
attention  ;  it  ran  briskly  up  to  it,  and  touched  it  first  on  one  side, 
and  then  on  the  other,  with  its  vibratory  antennae ;  but  it  finally 
departed  without  any  attempt  at  oviposition.  This  deportment 
excited  my  suspicions  in  regard  to  the  nature  of  the  supposed 
caterpillar,  and  on  examining  it  more  closely,  I  discovered,  to 
my  surprise,  that  it  was  not  the  larva  of  an  insect,  nor  even  the 
remains  of  one.  Thus  it  appeared,  that  the  Ichneumon,  as  well 
as  myself,  was  deceived  by  its  organ  of  vision,  and  that  another 
sense  was  resorted  to,  in  order  to  ascertain  the  truth. 

The  larvae  disclosed  from  the  eggs  of  the  parent  Ichneumon 
are  altogether  destitute  of  feet ;  like  intestinal  worms,  they  feed 
on  the  interior  of  the  body  of  their  Promethean  victim,  which 
continues  to  walk  and  feed  as  usual.  The  depredators  are  by  no 
means   indiscriminate  in  their  choice  of  food,  but  prefer   the 


48  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

adipose  part  of  trie  system,  and  spare  the  vitals  until  the  former 
is  exhausted.  By  this  selection,  the  life  of  the  larva  is  continued 
until  the  parasite  obtains  its  full  size,  and  is  prepared  to  enter 
into  the  state  of  pupa.  The  larva  then  attaches  itself  firmly  to  a 
fixed  surface  by  means  of  its  feet,  and  dies.  The  pupae,  secure 
within,  await  their  destined  period  in  tranquillity,  and  the  in- 
cluded insects  finally  emerge  from  their  contracted  boundaries, 
by  gnawing  a  passage  through  their  own  indurated  covering,  as 
well  as  through  the  common  integument  of  the  larva. 

Ichneumon  devinctor. — Specific  character.  Black ;  abdo- 
men rufous ;  scutel,  annulus  of  the  antennae  and  of  the  tibiae, 
white. 

Desc.  Body  black  :  antenna3  rather  short,  annulus  pure  white, 
commencing  at  the  ninth  joint,  and  extending  to  the  eighteenth: 
scutel  pure  white  :  wings  dusky  violaceous  :  abdomen,  with  the 
exception  of  the  first  segment,  bright  rufous :  tibiae,  excepting  at 
base  and  at  tip,  pure  white :  anterior  and  intermediate  tarsi,  with 
the  first  joint,  white  at  base. 

Obs.  This  species  is  not  very  common.  I  obtained  a  specimen 
in  the  North-West  Territory.  An  individual  occurred  in  Mis- 
souri, that  may,  perhaps,  be  only  a  variety  of  the  present  species ; 
it  is  smaller,  and  has  ferruginous,  instead  of  white,  on  the  feet. 

The  upper  right  figure. 

Ichneumon  tjnifasciatorius. — Specific  character.  Black; 
annulus  of  the  antennas,  two  scutellar  spots,  and  band  near  the 
base  of  the  abdomen,  white. 

Desc.  Body  black  :  front,  nasus,  and  line  on  the  frontal  and 
exterior  orbits,  white  :  antennae  moderate,  with  a  white  annulus 
beginning  at  the  fifteenth  joint,  and  extending  to  the  twenty-first 
joint :  thorax  with  two  abbreviated  white  lines  on  the  middle  ; 
an  oblique  line  each  side  before  the  wings,  wing  scale,  and 
small  spot  beneath  the  wings,  white  :  scutel  white,  with  a  small 
transverse  white  spot  at  its  tip  :  wings  fuliginous  :  abdomen  de- 
pressed, rather  slender ;  first  segment  white  at  tip,  forming  a 
band  :  tibiae  white  on  the  exterior  side. 

Obs.  This  insect  is  of  frequent  occurrence  in  all  the  Middle 
States.  There  is  a  variety,  of  which  the  abdomen  is  very  slightly 
tinged  with  rufous.  Allied  to  nigratorius  Fabr.,  but  may  be  dis- 
tinguished by  the  band  on  the  first  segment  of  the  abdomen,  and 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  4i) 

by  the  white  spot  behind  the  tip  of  the  scutel,  and  by  the  two 
between  the  anterior  wings. 
The  lower  right  fiirure. 

Ichneumon  centrator. — Specific  character.  Black;  an- 
tennas annulate  ;  scut  el,  and  disk  of  the  thorax,  ferruginous. 

Desc.  Body  black :  head  dull  ferruginous,  with  a  polished,  im- 
pressed, black  line  at  the  base  of  the  antennae  :  antennas  with  a 
white  annulation,  beginning  at  the  seventh  joint,  and  extending 
to  the  seventeenth  :  thorax  with  the  disk  between  the  anterior 
pair  of  wings  and  the  scutel,  dull  ferruginous  :  tibias  dull  rufous, 
excepting  at  tip  :  wings  dusky  violaceous. 

Ohs.  It  occurs  frequently  in  Pennsylvania,  and  as  I  have  found 
it  both  in  Missouri  and  the  North- Western  Territory,  it  appears 
to  be  a  pretty  general  inhabitant  of  the  United  States. 

The  lower  left  figure. 

Ichneumon  brevicinctor. — Specific  character.  Black;  scu- 
tel and  the  very  short  band  on  the  antennas,  white. 

Desc.  Body  black  :  head  immaculate  :  antennas  with  the  white 
annulus  beginning  at  the  seventeenth  joint,  and  extending  to  the 
twenty-first :  thorax  immaculate  :  scutel  yellowish-white  :  wings 
a  little  dusky :  knees  and  tibiae  of  the  anterior  pair  of  feet,  dull 
rufous. 

Obs.  In  form  and  general  appeVrance,  it  resembles  tinifascia- 
torus  nob.,  but  the  different  individuals  correspond  in  having  the 
annulus  of  the  antennae  very  short,  and  commencing  at  the  seven- 
teenth joint;  in  having  no  spot  beyond  the  tip  of  the  scutel,  in 
having  the  head  immaculate,  &c.  It  also  resembles  nigratorius 
Fab.,  but  is  much  smaller,  and  is  altogether  destitute  of  orbital 
lines. 

The  upper  left  figure. 

LIMENITIS.     Plate  XXIII. 

Papilio  Lin. — Nymphalis  Latr. 

Generic  character.  Antennas  gradually  clubbed  ;  club  slender, 
hardly  compressed,  elongate-obconic  ;  palpi  not  elongated,  second 
joint  not  much  compressed,  the  anterior  margin  not  remarkably 
broader ;  anterior  pair  of  feet  spurious ;  wings  not  very  much 
longer  than  broad  ;  four  hinder  feet  with  double  nails ;  abdomen 

4 


°0  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

received  in  a  groove,  formed  by   the  dilatation  of  the  inner  mar- 
gin  of  the  inferior  wings. 

Obs.  This  is  one  of  the  numerous  modern  genera  of  Papilioni- 
des,  that  are  eminently  remarkable  by  the  feeble,  abbreviated,  and 
incomplete  anterior  feet  of  the  species  of  which  they  are  com- 
posed. These  feet  are  usually  so  short,  as  to  be  altogether  use- 
less for  the  purpose  of  locomotion ;  they  are  habitually  applied 
against  the  breast,  and  are  altogether  destitute  of  nails.  The 
larvae  are  elongated,  and  feed  on  leaves,  and  the  chrysalids  are 
suspended  by  the  tail,  with  the  head  towards  the  earth.  For  the 
genus  Limenitis,  we  are  indebted  to  Fabricius  ;  but  this  learned 
author  has  not  left  us  sufficiently  obvious  characters,  by  which  to 
distinguish  it  from  his  closely  allied  genus  Apatura.  We  are,  in 
fact,  inclined  to  consider  them  both  as  sub-genera,  as  well  as 
many  other  of  the  Fabrician  genera  of  Lepidoptera. 

Limenitis  arthemis. — Specific  character.  Brown-black  ; 
wings  indented,  with  a  common  white  band,  and  common  margi- 
nal row  of  double  blue  lunules ;  a  series  of  six  ferruginous  dots 
on  the  posterior  wings ;  venter  and  lateral  line,  white. 

Nymph.  PhaJ.  Arthemis  Drury,  vol.  ii.  pi.  10,  fig.  3  and  4. 

Desc.  Body  black  :  occiput  with  two  white  points  ;  a  short 
white  line  behind  each  eye  :  palpi  white  on  the  exterior  side  : 
wings  with  a  broad  common  \ghite  band  a  little  beyond  the  mid- 
dle, intersected  by  the  black  nervures  which  are  not  margined  ; 
a  common  marginal  series  of  double  blue  lunules  :  edge  alternat- 
ing with  white  and  black  ;  superior  wings  with  three  or  four 
white  dots  beyond  the  band,  but  immaculate  between  the  band 
and  base  :  inferior  wings  with  a  serious  of  six  fulvous  dots  between 
the  white  band  and  marginal  lunules  :  beneath  fulvo-ferruginon?, 
with  the  white  band,  marginal  lunules,- white  and  black  alternat- 
ing lines  of  the  edge,  and  white  spots  of  the  superior  wings,  as 
distinct  as  those  of  the  superior  surface  ;  superior  wings,  between 
the  white  band  and  base,  dark  purplish,  with  two  fulvous  spots, 
and  two  or  three  whitish  or  bluish  ones  ;  inferior  wings  dull  ful- 
vous between  the  band  and  base,  with  three  or  four  brighter 
spots,  which  are  interspersed  with  bluish  :  pleura  with  about 
three  white  spots  at  the  base  of  the  wings,  and  another  at  the 
base  of  the  superior  wings  :  coxae  with  a  white  spot :  anterior 


AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGY.  51 

pair  of  feet,  white  before  :  abdomen  with  a  white  line  each  side, 
and  a  broader  one  on  the  venter. 

Obs.  This  beautiful  insect,  occurred  sparingly  in  the  North- 
Western  Territory,  during  the  advance  of  Major  Long's  expedi- 
tion towards  lake  Winnepec.  I  also  found  it  at  that  lake,  as  well 
as  at  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  and  in  other  parts  of  Upper  Canada. 
On  the  expedition  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  I  obtained  several 
specimens  in  Arkansaw,  and  Mr.  Nuttall  has  recently  sent  me  one 
from  Cambridge. 

Drury  first  described  this  insect ;  his  figure  is  that  of  a  small 
specimen. 

The  plate  represents  two  views  of  the  insect,  of  the  natural 
size. 

DIC.ELUS.     Plate  XXIY. 

Generic  character.  Mandibles  destitute  of  an  articulated  nail 
at  tip;  palpi  six,  terminal  joint,  obconic,  truncated;  anterior 
tibiae  emarginate ;  two  anterior  tarsi  dilated  in  the  male,  and 
furnished  beneath,  with  dense,  granuliform  papillae ;  antennae 
filiform ;  labrum  emarginated,  and  with  a  longitudinal  indented 
line ;  posterior  thoracic  angles,  covering  the  humeral  angles. 

Obs.  As  respects  number  of  species,  this  is  a  limited  group  of 
insects.  Their  aspect  is,  however,  striking  and  peculiar,  the 
body  being  large,  dilated,  and  depressed,  with  profoundly  indented 
striae  on  their  elytra ;  the  posterior  angles  of  the  thorax  extend 
far  backward,  covering  the  base  of  the  elytra,  so  as  to  present  no 
interval  between  thorax  and  abdomen.  Our  great  master,  Linne, 
would  have  placed  these  insects  in  his  comprehensive  genus 
Carabus,  which  in  the  modern  system,  is  a  large  family,  dis- 
tinguished by  the  name  of  Carabidse,  and  containing  nearly 
ninety  genera,  of  which  the  present  is  one.  The  genus  Dicselvs, 
was  established  by  Professor  Bonelli,  of  Turin,  in  an  excellent 
essay,  entitled  "  Observations  Entomologiques,"  which  was  pub- 
lished in  the  Memoirs  of  the  Imperial  Academy  of  Turin. 

Dic,elus  violaceus. — Specific  character.  Above  and  beneath 
violaceous-black  ;  antennae,  mouth,  and  feet,  black. 

Dicselus  violaceus  Bonelli,  Obs.  Entom.  in  Mem.  de  1'  Acad. 
Imper.  de  Turin.  And  the  author,  in  the  Trans.  Amer.  Philos. 
Soc.  vol.  ii.  New  Series,  p.  67. 


52  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Desc.  Head  black,  obsoletely  tinged  with  purplish  :  mouth  and 
antennae,  black :  thorax  with  the  disk  black,  faintly  tinged  with 
violaceous ;  this  color  is  very  obvious  on  the  lateral  edge,  and 
posterior  margins  ;  lateral  a  little  excurved  near  the  poste- 
rior angles  :  elytra  deeply  striated ;  the  disk  is  less  distinctly 
violaceous  than  the  margin,  and  in  a  particular  light,  their  color 
exhibits  a  slight  greenish  tinge ;  beneath  violaceous,  and  more 
particularly  so  on  each  side  :  epipleura  bright  violaceous. 

Obs.  It  seems  probable,  that  this  species  is  not  an  inhabitant 
of  the  northern  part  of  the  United  States,  or  if  found  at  all  in 
this  region,  it  is  certainly  very  rare.  It  is,  without  doubt,  chiefly 
limited  in  its  range  to  the  southern  and  south-western  States,  but 
it  is  not  known  to  be  abundant  any  where.  In  my  specimen,  the 
second  and  third  interstitial  lines  of  each  elytrum,  are  connected 
near  the  base  by  a  transverse  line,  but  this  is  very  possibly  not  a 
permanent  character.     It  is  now  figured  for  the  first  time. 

The  upper  right  figure. 

DiCiELUS  splendidus. — Specific  character.  Thorax  viola- 
ceous ;  elytra  cupreous  brilliant. 

Dicxlus  splendidus  nobis,  Trans.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  vol.  ii. 
New  Series,  p.  69. 

Desc.  Head  black :  thorax  hardly  perceptibly  narrowed  at 
base  ;  the  posterior  part  of  the  lateral  edge  is  not  in  the  slightest 
degree  excurved,  but  proceeds  rectilinearly  to  the  posterior  angle ; 
lateral  and  posterior  margins  depressed,  lateral  edge  reflected ; 
color  blackish-violaceous  on  the  disk,  and  more  vivid  violaceous 
on  the  lateral  and  posterior  margins  :  elytra  highly  polished,  bril- 
liant red  coppery,  exhibiting  in  a  particular  light  a  green  reflec- 
tion ;  humeral  carina  extending  two-thirds  the  length  of  the 
elytra  ;  striae  profoundly  impressed  :  beneath  bluish-purple  :  feet 
black. 

Obs.  This  is  by  far  the  most  beautiful  species  of  the  genus, 
yet  discovered.  When  the  rays  of  light  fall  perpendicularly  on 
the  surface  of  the  elytra,  a  highly  brilliant  reddish-coppery  color 
is  exhibited,  but  when  the  rays  are  reflected  at  a  considerably 
angle,  the  tint  changes  to  a  fine  polished  green.  The  specimen 
was  brought  from  the  Missouri,  by  Mr.  Thomas  Nuttall. 

The  upper  left  figure. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  53 

DiC^ELUS  dilatatus. — Specific  character.  Black,  inipunc- 
tured ;  striae  obsoletely  punctured  towards  the  tip. 

Dicsehts  dilatatus  nobis,  Trans.  Anier.  Philos.  Soc.  vol.  ii.  New 
Series,  p.  68. 

Desc.  Head  black  :  palpi  blackish-piceous  :  antennae  brown 
towards  the  tip  :  thorax  entirely  black  ;  margins  depressed  ;  late- 
ral edge  slightly  reflected ;  base  very  slightly  wider  than  any 
other  part ;  lateral  edge  nearly  rectilinear,  very  slightly  incurved 
before,  and  not  at  all  excurved  near  the  posterior  angles  :  elytra 
totally  black ;  striae  profound,  very  slightly  punctured  towards 
the  tip  :  feet  piceous. 

Obs.  This  species  is  an  inhabitant  of  Pennsylvania,  and  may 
be  occasionally  found  under  stones  and  other  objects,  which  rest 
loosely  on  the  soil.  Its  color  is  a  uniform  black,  without  any 
tint  of  those  gay  colors  for  which  the  two  preceding  species  are 
remarkable. 

The  lower  left  figure. 

Dklelus  sculptilis. — Specific  character.  Black;  elytra 
with  irregularly  serpentine  striae. 

Dicxhis  sculptilis  nobis,  Trans.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  vol.  ii.  New 
Series,  p.  68. 

Desc.  Body  entirely  black,  immaculate  :  thorax  very  slightly 
widest  at  base ;  the  lateral  edge  not  at  all  excurved  near  the 
basal  angle,  and  the  commencement  of  the  anterior  curvature  of 
this  edge  is  at  the  middle  of  its  length ;  elytra  with  their  striae 
very  irregularly  serpentine  j  the  interstitial  lines  are  irregular 
and  unequal  on  their  sides,  and  exhibit  a  very  few  adventitious 
punctures,  with  raised  centres. 

Obs.  Very  distinct  from  the  foregoing  species,  by  the  singular 
irregularity,  and  sculptured  appearance,  of  the  striae  of  the  elytra. 
It  was  discovered  in  Missouri  by  Mr.  Thomas  Nuttall,  and  has 
not  been  found  in  the  Atlantic  States. 

The  lower  right  figure. 

[Occurs  in  western  Pennsylvania. — Lec] 

MANTISPA.     Plate  XXV. 

Generic  character.  Antennae  filiform,  but  little  longer  than 
the  head,  the  joints  transverse  ;  eyes  prominent;  thorax  having 
the  anterior  segment  elongated,  cylindric-clavate,  supporting  the 


54  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

anterior  pair  of  feet  at  its  anterior  extremity  ;  anterior  feet  ad- 
vanced, very  conspicuous,  cheliferous,  the  basal  joint  very  much 
elongated ;  wings  reticulated,  deflected. 

Obs.  A  very  small,  but  singular  and  natural  group  of  insects, 
allied  to  Mantis,  and  also  to  Rcvphidia.  Linne  placed  a  species, 
which  he  described  under  the  name  now  adopted  as  generic,  in 
the  genus  Raphidia,  and  Lamarck  assents  to  an  alliance  with  that 
genus,  by  placing  Mantispa  immediately  next  to  Rcvphidia,  in 
his  system.  Latreille,  who  formed  the  genus,  and  most  other 
authors,  refer  it  to  the  same  family  with  Mantis  and  Spectrum  ; 
indeed,  in  the  Regne  Animal,  it  is  considered  a  mere  sub-genus 
of  Mantis. 

But  if  we  adhere  rigidly  to  the  characters  of  the  order  Hemip- 
tera,*  in  which  the  superior  wings  are  stated  to  be  coriaceous  or 
of  a  different  consistence  from  the  inferior  pair,  the  genus  Man- 
tispa* notwithstanding  its  acknowledged  affinity  with  Mantis,  will 
be  altogether  excluded  from  that  order.  In  construction,  num- 
ber, and  consistence  of  the  wings,  from  which  the  characters  of 
these  grand  divisions  are  derived,  it  is  beyond  a  doubt  a  Neurop- 
terous  genus,  and  we  adopt  Lamarck's  arrangement  in  this  re- 
spect. It  is  distinguished  from  all  the  other  genera  of  this  order, 
by  the  particular  form  of  the  anterior  feet. 

These  insects  are  not  quiescent  in  the  nymph  state,  or  that 
condition  which  corresponds  to  the  chrysalis  state  of  the  butter- 
fly, but  they  remain  active,  as  in  the  larva.  • 

Mantispa  brunnea. — Specific  character.  Light  brown  ; 
antennae  fuscous,  light  brown  at  the  extremity;  wings  with  a 
very  broad,  brown  margin. 

Mantispa  brunnea  nobis,  Long's  Expedition  to  the  sources  of 
8t.  Peters'  river,  vol.  ii.  p.  309. 

Desc. — Male.  Antennae  short :  posterior  and  inferior  orbits, 
yellow:  thorax,  first  segment  obtusely  wrinkled  or  undulated 
transversely ;  anterior  margin  black,  sub-margin  yellow ;  base 
black,  with  a  yellow,  transverse,  angulated  line  :  scutel  yellow  : 
metathorax  yellow  on  the  posterior  edge  :  pleura  bilineate,  with 
yellow :  wings  with  a  broad,  light  brown  costal  margin  and  tip  : 

*  There  is  confusion  here :  Mantis  belongs  to  the  order  Orthoptera, 
for  which  Hemiptera  has  heen  substituted  by  a  probably  clerical  error. 
— Lec. 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  00 

feet,  intermediate  and  posterior  pairs,  with  yellow  tibiaj  and  tarsi, 
a  rufous  spot  being  near  the  knee ;  anterior  thighs  blackish  on 
the  inner  side,  with  a  yellow  exterior  inferior  margin,  and  numer- 
ous spines  on  the  inferior  edge,  of  which  one  is  very  prominent : 
tergum,  at  the  base  of  the  first  and  second  segments,  black,  the 
former  margined  with  yellow :  venter  black  at  base,  segments 
broadly  margined  with  yellow. 

Female.  The  yellow  color,  and  marginings,  excepting  on  the 
feet,  and  on  the  first  segment  of  the  thorax,  obsolete ;  the  wings 
are  darker  than  those  of  the  male,  and  the  hyaline  portion  of  the 
wings  is  tinctured  with  a  shade  of  the  general  color. 

Obs.  A  specimen  of  the  female  of  this  curious  insect,  was  pre- 
sented to  me,  some  time  since,  by  Mr.  William  Mason,  of  this 
city ;  it  was  found  near  Philadelphia,  by  Mr.  Tyler.  I  had  the 
good  fortune  to  find  a  male,  when  travelling  with  Major  Long's 
party  on  St.  Peters'  river,  in  the  North- West  Territory. 

The  middle  figure  represents  the  male,  and  the  lower  figure 
the  female.  On  the  right  is  an  enlarged  view  of  the  head,  with 
the  antennas,  and  part  of  the  thorax,  and  on  the  left,  is  an  en- 
larged view  of  an  anterior  foot. 

Mantispa  interrupta. — Specific  character.  Wings  hyaline, 
with  a  narrow  ferruginous  costal  margin,  widely  interrupted  near 
the  tip. 

Desc.  Body  pale :  antennae  rather  slender,  perfectly  filiform, 
not  differently  colored  at  tip,  but  somewhat  paler  at  base  :  thorax, 
anterior  segment  rather  long,  annulate,  with  slightly  elevated 
obtuse  lines,  which  give  it  a  somewhat  wrinkled  appearance ;  two 
small  tubercles  before  the  middle,  placed  transversely ;  posterior 
segment  greenish-yellow,  with  a  longitudinal  brown  line,  and 
another  on  each  side  above  the  wing :  wings  alike,  hyaline,  the 
ferruginous  costal  margin  is  narrow,  interrupted  beyond  the  car- 
pus, so  as  to  leave  only  a  spot  at  tip  of  the  wing ;  on  the  sub- 
margin,  is  an  irregular  quadrate  dark  fuscous  spot,  confluent  with 
the  carpus ;  the  ferruginous  margin  of  the  superior  wing,  is  paler 
towards  the  base  :  postpectus,  and  intermediate  and  posterior  feet, 
pale  greenish-yellow,  the  front  of  the  former  dusky  :  tergum  pale 
reddish-fulvous,  incisures,  and  vertebral  line,  blackish  :  venter 
pale  yellow, 

Obs.  The  annexed  figure  is  taken  from  the  only  specimen  I 


56  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

have  seen.  It  alighted  on  the  apron  of  a  gig,  near  this  city;  and 
was  carefully  secured  by  Mr.  James  P.  Parke,  who  kindly  pre- 
sented it  to  me.  It  remained  lively  and  active  for  several  days 
in  a  glass  vessel  on  my  table,  and  I  was  frequently  amused  by  its 
dexterity  in  catching  the  flies  which  were  introduced  for  its 
nourishment.  It  moved  very  slowly  and  cautiously  towards  its 
victim,  and  when  at  the  proper  distance,  the  fore-feet  were  thrown 
forwards,  and  again  retracted,  with  a  rapidity  of  motion  that  the 
eye  could  not  follow,  bringing  the  fly  with  them  to  the  mouth. 
These  feet  are  used  almost  exclusively  as  arms  and  hands,  in 
various  positions  for  the  convenience  of  mastication ;  they  are 
rarely  used  in  locomotion,  but  when  the  insect  advances  by  means 
of  the  other  feet,  these  are  folded  up,  and  rest  on  each  side  of 
the  long  anterior  segment  of  the  thorax.  The  two  or  three  flies 
first  given  to  this  little  animal,  were  entirely  devoured,  so  that 
not  a  fragment  remained ;  but  having  abated  its  hunger  it  ex- 
tracted the  fluids  chiefly,  of  those  afterwards  placed  within  its 
reach. 

The  upper  figure ;  below,  is  an  enlarged  representation  of  a 
wing,  and  a  posterior  foot. 

BUPRESTIS.     Plate  XXVI. 

Body  firm ;  head  vertically  inserted  in  the  thorax  to  the  eyes ; 
antennae  short,  filiform,  serrated ;  palpi  very  short,  filiform,  or 
but  slightly  enlarged  towards  the  tip ;  mandibles  entire  at  tip  ; 
maxillae  bifid  at  the  extremity ;  thorax  with  its  posterior  edge 
applied  to  the  base  of  the  elytra,  the  posterior  angles  not  elon- 
gated; anterior  margin  of  the  pectus  advanced  towards  the 
mouth,  its  opposite  extremity  elongated  in  the  form  of  a  horn, 
which  is  received  into  a  sinus  of  the  postpectus,  and  is  not  con- 
cealed in  it ;  feet  short,  tarsi  dilated,  somewhat  triangular,  the 
penultimate  one  bilobated. 

Obs.  A  large  and  very  natural  assemblage  of  insects,  remain- 
ing at  the  present  day,  nearly  as  it  was  founded  by  Linne.  A 
few  of  his  smaller  species  have  been  separated  from  it,  by  Fabri- 
cius,  under  the  name  of  Trachys,  chiefly  distinguished  by  the 
shorter,  more  dilated,  and  sub-triangular  form  of  the  body.  Two 
or  three  very  small  species,  discovered  since  his  time,  and  referred 
to  this  genus  by  Fabricius  and  Olivier,  have  been  generic-ally 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  57 

separated  by  Latreille,  with  the  name  of  Ajyham'sticus ;  these 
have  clavate  antennae. 

The  family  Buprcstiadpc,  consisting  of  the  above  mentioned 
genera,  is  closely  allied  to  that  of  Elatcridse.  But  all  the  species 
of  the  latter  group,  are  endowed  with  the  power  of  leaping,  by 
an  abrupt  inflection  of  the  anterior  portion  of  the  body ;  their 
tarsi,  also,  are  simple,  without  any  dilatation  of  the  basal  joints. 

Many  of  these  insects  are  gaily  ornamented  with  the  most 
splendid  colors,  which  often  shine  with  a  metallic  brilliancy. 
Some  have  a  general  coppery  tint,  whilst  others  present  the 
beautiful  contrast  of  fine  yellow  spots  and  lines,  on  a  polished 
green  or  blue  surface,  and  others  exhibit  the  appearance  of 
burnished  gold,  inlaid  on  emerald  or  ebony.  In  fine,  all  that  is 
rich  and  brilliant  in  colors,  may  be  observed  in  the  decoration  of 
these  insects. 

They  in  general,  walk  slowly,  though  some  run  with  considerable 
agility ;  they  rise  on  the  wing  with  facility,  and  fly  with  ease  and 
rapidity.  Many  elude  their  enemies  by  folding  their  feet  and 
antennae  close  to  the  body,  and  falling,  apparently  dead,  to  the 
earth.  The  females  have  a  coriaceous  appendage  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  abdomen,  composed  of  three  pieces ;  this  is  probably 
the  oviduct,  by  means  of  which,  they  deposit  their  eggs  in  old 
wood,  where  the  larvae  lives  until  its  change  into  the  perfect 
state.  Their  existence  in  the  perfect  state  is  but  short,  appear- 
ing to  be  devoted  almost  exclusively  to  the  great  object  of  con- 
tinuing the  race. 

Though  beautiful  and  rare,  the  species  are  very  numerous,  and 
upwards  of  two  hundred  are  now  known ;  of  these,  the  largest 
and  most  splendid,  are  inhabitants  of  the  American  continent. 

A  species  of  Buprestis,  has  furnished  us  with  a  remarkable  in- 
stance of  insect  longevity;  the  following  is  extracted  from  a 
communication,  by  Mr.  Marsham,  to  the  Linnean  Society.  (See 
vol.  x.  p.  399.) 

Mr.  J.  Montague,  on  going  to  his  desk  in  the  office  of  Works 
at  Guildhall,  observed  an  insect  which  had  been  seen  by  his 
brother  in  the  early  part  of  the  day,  endeavoring  to  extricate  it- 
self from  the  wood,  which  formed  part  of  the  desk ;  he  carefully 
released  it  from  the  cell,  and  it  proved  to  be  Buprestis  splendens 
of  Fabricius,  full  of  strength  and  vigor.     The  desk  had  been  fixed 


99  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

in  the  office  twenty-two  years  before,  and  was  made  of  fir  wood, 
imported  from  the  Baltic.  That  the  insect  existed  in  the  wood 
before  the  desk  was  made,  was  proved  by  the  fact  of  the  channel 
formed  by  the  insect  having  been  then  transversely  cut. 

The  word  Buprcstis,  is  derived  from  the  Greek  (ixirpwrit)  but  to 
what  insect  that  ancient  people  applied  the  word,  is  not  known 
with  certainty  at  the  present  day.  The  Romans,  also,  held  the 
same  insect  to  be  poisonous,  and  their  civilians  recommended  the 
punishment  of  the  law  to  be  inflicted  upon  those  persons  who 
rashly  administered,  internally,  those  poisonous  insects,  the 
pithyocampas,  (JBombyx  pibhyocampa  Fabr.,)  and  the  Bujjrestis. 
It  is  evident,  however,  that  they  had  no  reference  to  any  indi- 
vidual of  this  family,  inasmuch  as  no  one  of  the  species  is  capa- 
ble of  inflicting  a  serious  injury  on  any  of  the  larger  animals. 
But  as  the  ancient  Buprestis  was  stated  to  be  endowed  with  the 
power  of  destroying  even  the  ox,  it  is  conjectured  that  the  Greeks 
thus  designated  a  vesicating  insect,  such  as  a  Mylahris,  a  Lytta, 
or,  according  to  some  authors,  a  Carahus,  the  two  former  of 
which,  when  taken  into  the  stomach,  produce  the  most  serious 
effects  on  the  animal  economy,  and  even  death  itself,  under  the 
most  afflicting  circumstances. 

Buprestis  rufipes. — Specific  character.  Elytra,  each  with 
four  yellow  spots,  of  which  the  basal  one  is  longitudinal. 

Buprestis  rufijies  Oliv.  Ins.  vol.  ii.  No.  32,  p.  16,  pi.  7,  fig. 
73,  a,  b.  Fabr.  Syst.  Eleut.  pt.  2,  p.  188,  No.  13.  Encyc.  Meth. 
No.  15.     Herbst,  Natur.  pt.  ix.  p.  79,  pi.  140,  fig.  3. 

Desc.  Body  green,  polished,  slightly  tinged  with  brassy :  head 
rough  with  deeply  impressed  confluent  punctures  ;  an  obsolete  im- 
pressed line  on  the  vertex,  becoming  elevated  on  the  front :  antenna? 
rufous :  thorax  with  small  distinct  profound  punctures,  and  an 
impressed  spot  before  the  scutel :  elytra  with  narrow,  deep  stria? 
and,  at  tip,  bidentated :  an  abbreviated  fulvous  vitta  originates 
near  the  humerus,  and  extends  near  to  the  middle ;  a  transverse, 
abbreviated,  undulated  fulvous  band,  a  little  beyond  the  middle, 
does  not  cpuite  reach  the  suture ;  intermediate  between  this  band 
and  the  tip  of  the  elytra,  is  another  undulated  one,  of  the  same 
color ;  at  the  tip,  is  also  a  narrow  band  :  pectus  greenish-violace- 
ous ;  a  dilated  vitta  in  .the  middle,  and  another  each  side,  fulvous ; 
the  latter  on  its  anterior  part  passes  a  little  above  the  edge  of  the 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  59 

thorax,  and  is  in  some  specimens  continued  backwards  to  the 
base  of  the  thorax,  forming  a  margin  on  that  part,  but  not  cover- 
ing the  edge ;  postpectus  green,  tinged  with  brassy,  and  some- 
what sericeous ;  a  yellow  spot  near  the  middle,  and  two  or  three 
on  each  side :  feet  rufo-violaceous  :  venter  rufo-violaceous,  more 
or  less  varied  with  green,  particularly  at  the  base,  and  with  three 
series  of  obscure  fulvous  spots,  two  of  which  are  lateral. 

Obs.  One  of  the  largest  species  of  North  America,  at  the  same 
time  very  beautifully  ornamented. 

Fabricius  quotes  Petiver's  work,  and  states  its  native  region 
to  be  Maryland  ;  Olivier  observes  that  it  is  in  found  in  Carolina ;  I 
obtained  a  specimen  in  Missouri,  when  with  Major  Long's  party 
in  that  country,  and  another  has  been  found  in  Pennsylvania ; 
but  in  this  state  they  must  be  extremely  rare. 

The  lower  right  figure. 

[Belongs  to  Ancylochira  Esch. — Lec] 

Buprestis  fasciata. — Specific  character.  Green  brilliant; 
elytra  with  a  yellow  band  and  spot. 

Buprestis  fasciata  Herbst,  Natur.  Syst.  vol.  ix.  p.  162,  pi.  145, 
fig.  22.  Fabr.  Syst.  Eleut.  pt.  2,  p.  191,  No.  31.  Oliv.  Ins. 
vol.  ii.  No.  32,  sp.  22,  pi.  9,  fig.  92. 

Desc.  Body  highly  polished,  green  with  a  brassy  tinge,  punc- 
tured ;  head  confidently  punctured ;  thorax  more  densely  punc- 
tured on  the  anterior  portion ;  on  the  middle  of  the  posterior 
margin  a  distinct  indentation;  elytra  striate,  the  striae  punc- 
tured :  a  yellow  undulated  band  behind  the  middle,  with  a  dark 
violaceous  areola ;  midway  between  the  band  and  the  tip,  is  a  yel- 
low spot  on  each  elytrum,  with  a  dark  violaceous  areola ;  tip  bi- 
dentate ;  beneath  immaculate  ;  feet  of  the  same  color  as  the  body. 

Obs.  This  beautiful  insect  was  sent  to  me  by  Mr.  E.  Holmes 
of  Gardiner  Lyceum,  Maine.  The  authors  quoted  in  our  syno- 
nyms, observe  that  it  inhabits  North  America,  without  mention- 
ing any  particular  part  of  the  continent  in  which  it  was  found. 
I  had  supposed  it  to  be  a  native  of  the  Southern  States,  and  was 
therefore  surprised  to  receive  it  from  the  northern  extremity  of 
the  Union.  In  his  description  of  this  species,  Olivier  remarks, 
that  "  on  voit  quelquefois  un  point  fauve  vers  le  milieu  de  chaque 
elytre,  entoure  de  bleu,"  and  this  he  represents  in  his  plate,  but 
I  have  only  a  single  specimen,  and  reference  to  another  in  the 


60  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

collection  of  the  Philadelphia  Museum,  both  corresponding  with 
the  annexed  figure. 

Herbst  describes  Olivier's  variety  as  a  distinct  species  under 
the  name  of  C.  maculata,  (vol.  ix.  p.  163,  pi.  148,  fig.  5,)  with- 
out any  reference  to  Olivier. 

[Also  an  Ancylocliira. — Lec] 

The  upper  right  figure. 

Buprestis  confluenta  [confluens]. — Specific  character. 
Green,    polished,  punctured ;  elytra  with  confluent  yellow  spots. 

Buprestis  confluenta  nobis,  Journ.  Acad  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  iii.  p.  159. 

Desc.  Body  bright  green,  punctured ;  head  densely  and  con- 
fluently  punctured ;  an  obsolete  indented  longitudinal  line,  more 
distinct  on  the  vertex :  antennae  purplish,  the  basal  joint  rufous : 
thorax  densely  and  confluently  punctured,  more  particularly  on 
the  anterior  and  lateral  margins ;  in  the  middle  of  the  disk,  these 
punctures  are  somewhat  sparse  :  scutel  rounded,  convex :  elytra 
striate,  slightly  tinged  with  violaceous ;  the  striae  and  interstitial 
lines,  slightly  punctured ;  very  numerous  transversely  confluent 
light  yellow  dots  :  tip  slightly  obliquely  truncated,  acute  at  the 
suture,  but  not  mucronate  or  dentate  :  edge  entire  ;  tarsi  pur- 
plish-brown. 

Obs.  I  cannot  find  any  notice  of  this  very  fine  insect  in  any 
attainable  author,  and  having  never  obtained  an  individual  in  the 
Atlantic  States,  I  think  it  highly  probable  that  it  is  altogether 
limited  in  its  range  to  the  Western  region. 

A  specimen  was  presented  to  me,  when  at  Fort  Osage  on  the 
Missouri  river,  by  Lieut.  Scott,  of  the  Rifle  regiment,  a  gentle- 
man, whose  extraordinary  skill  as  a  marksman,  has  almost  passed 
into  a  proverb  in  that  country.  I  obtained  two  other  specimens 
during  the  progress  of  Major  Long's  exploring  party  towards  the 
mountains. 

The  thorax  varies  in  being  in  some  specimens  of  a  bright  blue 
color,  in  others  purplish. 

The  lower  left  figure. 

[Also  an  Ancylocliira. — Lec] 

Buprestis  campestris. — Specific  character.  Elytra  serrate, 
quadrilineate ;  beneath'  canaliculate. 

Buprestis  campestris  nobis,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  iii.  p.  165. 

Desc.  Head  rugous,  with  large  confluent  punctures  :  front  con- 


AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGY.  61 

cave ;  antennae  purple-black,  the  first  and  second  joints  green- 
ish-cupreous ;  thorax  unequal,  with  large  confluent  punctures 
each  side,  and  canaliculate  along  the  middle :  posterior  angles 
acute :  scutel  very  small,  transverse  suborbicular,  indented  on 
the  middle  :  elytra  with  four  distant,  somewhat  elevated  lines, 
and  one  or  two  near  the  suture :  in  the  interstitial  spaces  are  ir- 
regular, slightly  elevated  transverse  lines,  hardly  visible  to  the  un- 
assisted eye  :  before  the  middle  of  each  elytrum,  is  a  large,  very 
slightly  impressed  spot,  and  another  similar  one,  is  rather  behind 
the  middle ;  there  is  also  a  very  small  common  indented  spot  on  the 
suture,  opposite  to  the  former  spot ;  exterior  edge  serrated,  from 
near  the  middle  to  the  tip ;  tip  simple,  somewhat  acute ;  beneath 
cupreous,  polished :  a  brilliant  dilated  coppery  line  extends 
from  the  mouth  to  the  pectus ;  a  large  groove  originates  on  the 
anterior  part  of  the  pectus,  and  terminates  on  the  second  seg- 
ment of  the  venter  :  tarsi  dusky  bluish. 

Obs.  This  is  one  of  our  largest  species,  and  although  far  less 
agreebly  decorated  than  the  preceding,  is  yet  distinguished  by  a 
more  uniform  garb  of  polished  metallic  coloring.  I  captured  the 
specimen  when  descending  the  Arkansaw  river,  with  a  detachment 
of  Major  Long's  exploring  party. 

The  upper  left  figure. 

[A  Chalcophora  closely  allied  to,  or  more  probably,  identical 
with  Buprestis  substrigosa  Lap.  and  Gory.;  the  latter  species 
occurs  from  New  York  to  Missouri.  Specimens  from  the  original 
locality  would  however  be  desirable  for  comparison ;  the  figure  is 
badly  executed. — Lec] 

VANESSA.    Plate  XXVII. 

Generic  character.  Antennae  terminated  by  an  abrupt  short 
club  ;  palpi  contiguous,  even  at  the  extremity,  the  two  combined, 
resembling  a  rostrum ;  anterior  pair  of  feet  in  both  sexes,  short 
and  very  hairy ;  the  two  posterior  pairs  of  tarsi,  with  double 
nails. 

Obs.  The  species  which  constitute  the  Fabrician  genus  Van- 
essa, were  referred  by  Linne"  to  his  comprehensive  genus  Papilio. 

The  larvae  or  caterpillars  in  this  genus,  live  on  plants  of  little 
altitude,  and  are  often  gregarious ;  they  are  armed  with  numer- 
ous, long,  rigid,  dentated  spines,  which,  like  the  quills  of  the 


62  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Hedgehog,  constitute  their  only  defensive  weapons.  The  chrysa- 
lids  are  attached  to  a  fixed  object  by  the  tail,  and  in  this  reversed 
posture  quietly  wait  for  the  period  of  final  emancipation  and  per- 
fection. 

The  larva  or  caterpillar  state  of  insects,  has  been  aptly  stated 
by  the  great  Linne,  to  be  a  masked  condition  of  the  animal,  con- 
cealing beneath  its  rude  vermicular  garb  all  the  parts  of  the 
future  perfect  insect;  the  pupa  he  compared  to  an  infant  en- 
veloped in  swaddling  clothes,  after  the  old  fashion.  The  pupa  of 
some  species  of  the  present  genus  presents  a  singular  appearance  : 
two  elevations  on  the  head  resemble  horns,  and  a  prominence 
upon  the  back  represents  a  nose  of  the  human  face,  and  but  little 
aid  of  fancy  is  required  to  assimilate  such  pupae  to  a  grotesque 
mask.  Many  of  these  pupae  are  worthy  of  the  name  of  chrysa- 
lids,  by  which  they  were  formerly  distinguished,  being  splendidly 
decorated  with  spots,  resembling  burnished  gold,  and  silver. 

Vanessa  furcillata. — Specific  character.  Wings  angular, 
with  a  common  fulvous  band,  and  two  fulvous  spots  on  the  supe- 
rior wings;  beneath,  brown,  with  black  lineations. 

Desc.  Superior  wings  above  black,  with  a  broad  fulvous  sub- 
marginal  band,  which  is  bifid  at  the  costal  margin,  having  the 
exterior  division  terminated  by  a  white  spot,  and  the  inner 
division  by  a  pale  yellow  one;  between  the  band  and  the  base  of 
the  wing,  are  two  fulvous  transverse  spots ;  costal  rib  near  the 
base,  with  yellow  variegations ;  inferior  wings  above  black,  with 
a  broad  fulvous  sub-marginal  band,  and  on  the  black  margin  is  a 
series  of  six  or  seven  small  sublunate  purplish-ophalescent  spots ; 
all  the  wings  are  blackish,  with  very  numerous  transverse  blacker 
lineations,  some  of  which  are  undulated,  and  deep  velvet  black  ; 
a  common  pale  brownish  broad  sub-marginal  band  also  with  the 
blackish  lineations ;  antennae  yellow  at  tip  of  the  club ;  venter 
dull  whitish. 

Obs.  This  pretty  species  we  observed  several  times  in  the 
North-West  Territory,  during  the  progress  of  the  late  expedition 
under  the  command  of  Major  S.  H.  Long,  over  that  region.  In 
the  vicinity  of  Fort  William,  an  establishment  of  the  Hudson 
Bay  Fur  Company,  it  frequently  occurred  in  the  month  of  Sep- 
tember whilst  the  party  remained  at  that  place.     It  is  closely 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  68 

allied  to  poh/cJUoros  and  urticse,  of  Europe,  but  is  sufficiently  dis- 
tinct from  either. 

The  plate  presents  two  views  of  the  insect. 

CRYPTOCEPHALUS.     Plate  XXVIII. 

Generic  character.  Body  short,  robust,  cylindric  ;  head  verti- 
cal ;  antenna)  inserted  between  the  eyes,  simple,  filiform,  more 
than  half  the  length  of  the  body ;  palpi  terminating  with  a  conie- 
cylindric  joint,  maxillary  palpi  very  apparent. 

Obs.  Many  of  this  group  are  agreeably  ornamented  with  colored 
spots  and  lines.  They  were  mingled  with  the  Ghrywmelst  by 
Linne,  from  which  they  may  be  known  by  the  more  cylindrical 
form  of  the  body,  and  by  the  abrupt  deflection  of  the  head,  f-i 
these  characters,  the  present  genus  corresponds  with  Clyihra, 
to  which  it  is  more  closely  allied  than  to  any  other ;  but  the  an- 
tennas of  Glythra  are  short  and  serrated,  instead  of  being  long, 
simple,  and  filiform,  as  in  the  genus  before  us.  The  genu? 
Gryptocephah'.s  was  established  by  Geoffroy,  and  has  been  adopted 
by  the  greater  number  of  entomologists  who  have  written  since 
his  time.  These  insects  feed  on  vegetables,  and  many  of  the 
species  are  very  injurious  to  useful  plants,  by  devouring  then- 
leaves  and  buds.  The  larva  is  furnished  with  six  scaly  feet,  which 
are  situated  near  the  head ;  some  of  the  species  in  the  larva  state 
protect  themselves  from  the  ardor  of  the  sun,  and  from  the 
attacks  of  their  enemies,  by  fabricating  a  cylindrical  covering, 
closed  at  one  end,  into  which  they  can  withdraw  every  part  of 
the  body  ;  it  is  generally  composed  of  small  grains  of  vegetable 
and  excrementitious  matter,  agglutinated  together  by  a  viscoxis 
excretion  from  the  body.  With  the  head  and  feet  protruded 
from  this  little  domicil,  and  carrying  it  erect  with  respect  to 
their  pathway,  the  artificer  proceeds  at  a  slow  pace,  in  quest  of 
food.  The  perfect  insect  is  also  slow  in  its  movements,  and  on 
the  approach  of  danger,  it  counterfeits  death  by  retracting  the 
feet  and  antennas  close  to  the  body,  and  permitting  itself  to  fall 
from  any  height  to  the  ground. 

Cryptocephalus  ornattis. — Specific  character.  Reddish- 
brown  ;  thorax  with  the  margin  and  two  spots,  yellow ;  elytra 
yellow,  with  two  black  vittas  on  each. 


64  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Cryptocephalus  ornatus  Fabr.  Syst.  Eleut.  pt.  2,  p.  47,  no.  32. 
Ooqueb.  Illustr.  Icon.  Insect,  p.  129,  pi.  29,  fig.  10,  a.  b. 

Desc.  Body  reddish -brown :  antennae  black,  five  basal  joints  pale 
reddish-yellow ;  orbital  line  yellow  :  thorax  with  the  anterior  and 
lateral  margins  yellow,  the  edge  black;  base  with  two  yellow,  oblique 
abbreviated  lines,  curvilinearly  united  over  the  scutel,  so  as  to  form 
an  arc  of  a  circle:  elytra  pale  yellow,  with  two  black,  abbreviated 
vittse  on  each,  and  a  black  suture ;  the  lateral  vitta  originates  on 
the  humerus,  and  terminates  near  the  tip;  the  inner  one  is 
oblique,  and  becomes  confluent  with  the  suture  a  little  beyond 
the  middle;  the  common  black  sutural  vitta  includes  the  scutel 
at  base,  and  does  not  reach  the  tip ;  edge  all  round,  black ;  anal 
segment  with  an  obscure  yellow  arc. 

Obs.  The  ornatus  of  Herbst,  in  Fuessly's  Archives,  and  of 
Olivier  in  the  Encyc.  Method,  is  quite  a  different  insect  from 
the  present ;  but  as  that  is  an  uncertain  species,  we  prefer  retain- 
ing the  name  for  our  insect. 

This  species  is  an  inhabitant  of  various  parts  of  the  United 
States.  I  have  found  it  in  the  middle  and  southern  States,  at 
the  Kocky  Mountains,  and  in  the  North-Western  Territory.  It 
is  subject  to  vary,  in  having  the  exterior  vitta  of  the  elytra  so 
widely  interrupted  in  its  continuity,  as  to  exhibit  only  two  re- 
mote spots. 

The  upper  right  figure. 

[Not  the  Fabrician  species  according  to  Suffrian  (Linn.  Ent.  6, 
241)  and  named  by  him  C.  calidus.  Much  confusion  exists 
among  our  striped  Cryptocepliali,  and  examination  is  still  neces- 
sary to  distinguish  species  from  races  and  varieties. — Lec] 

Cryptocephalus  confluenttjs  [confltjens]. — Specific  char- 
acter. Rufous ;  elytra  yellow,  trilineate  with  black ;  the  inner 
line  confluent  with  the  suture  beyond  the  middle. 

Cryptocephalus  conflucnttis  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences, 
vol.  iii.  p.  440. 

Desc.  Body  yellowish-rufous :  head  impunctured,  yellow ;  a 
rufous  spot  on  the  vertex,  and  another  surrounding  the  base  of 
each  antenna  :  antennae  black,  pale  at  base  :  thorax  impunctured ; 
anterior  and  lateral  margins  yellowish ;  lateral  submargin  more 
deeply  rufous  than  the  disk :  scutel  black  :  elytra  pale  yellow, 
with  punctured  striae ;  three  longitudinal,  nearly  parallel  black 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  65 

lines  on  each  elytron,  the  interior  line  confluent  with  the  suture 
near  the  tip :  edge  all  round,  black  :  beneath  rufous. 

Obs.  The  similarity  of  this  species  with  the  preceding,  is  ob- 
vious, and  even  striking;  but  it  is  specifically  distinguished  by  the 
existence  of  two  black  lines  on  the  elytra,  in  place  of  the  exte- 
rior one  of  that  insect.  I  obtained  several  specimens  near  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  when  with  Major  Long's  party  in  that  region, 
but  it  does  not  appear  to  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  Atlantic  States. 

The  upper  left  figure. 

Cryptocephalus  bivittatus. — Specific  character.  Yellow- 
ish-rufous, punctured  •  elytra  yellow,  with  two  vitta,  and  sutural 
edge  black. 

Cryptocephalus  birittatus  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences, 
vol.  iii.  p.  440. 

Desc.  Body  yellowish-rufous,  punctured  :  orbits  yellow  :  front 
with  a  longitudinal  indented  line  :  thorax  with  dense  impressed 
punctures ;  lateral  margin  and  an  abbreviated  obsolete  dorsal  line 
originating  at  the  anterior  edge,  more  distinctly  yellow :  scutel 
black  :  elytra  irregularly  and  densely  punctured,  one  or  two 
regular  series  of  punctures  on  the  exterior  margin;  color  yellow; 
each  elytrum  with  a  broad  black  vitta  originating  midway  be- 
tween the  humerus  and  scutel,  and  not  reaching  the  tip;  another 
vitta,  less  dilated  than  the  preceding,  takes  its  rise  at  the  hume- 
rus, and  terminates  a  little  beyond  the  tip  of  the  preceding  vitta; 
it  is  generally  interrupted  into  two  or  three  spots  :  beneath  very 
pale  rufous  :  postpectus  varied  with  dusky. 

Obs.  I  obtained  this  species  near  the  Rocky  Mountains,  whilst 
descending  the  Arkansaw  river  with  Major  Long's  exploring 
party.  It  is  at  once  distinguishable  from  its  companions  on  the 
annexed  plate,  by  the  confused  and  dense  puncturation  of  its 
elytra.  • 

The  middle  figure. 

[This  is  a  variety  of  Pachybrachys  viduatus  according  to  Suf- 
frian,  Linn.  Ent.  7,  154. — Leo.] 

Cryptocephalus  viduatus. — Specific  character.  Black ; 
thorax  with  three  abbreviated  yellow  lines ;  elytra  yellow,  with 
two  black  vittae. 

Cryptocephalus  viduatus  Fabr.  Syst.  Eleut.  pt.  2,  p.  49. 
No.  49. 

5 


66  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Dene.  Head  black,  with  a  yellowish  spot  at  each  superior  can- 
thus  of  the  eyes,  and  another  at  the  mouth  :  antennae  at  base 
yellowish :  front  with  an  impressed  line :  thorax  densely  punc- 
tured ;  anterior  and  lateral  margins  yellow,  tinged  with  rufous : 
a  yellow  abbreviated  line  commences  at  the  middle  of  the  ante- 
rior margin,  and  terminates  at  the  middle  of  the  disk ;  two  dis- 
tant yellow  abbreviated  lines  arise  from  the  basal  margin,  and 
terminate  each  side  of  the  middle  of  the  disk  :  scutel  black : 
elytra  yellow,  with  striae  of  impressed  punctures :  two  dilated 
black  vittae,  of  which  one  originates  on  the  humerus,  and  does 
not  reach  the  tip,  the  other  is  rather  shorter,  originating  midway 
between  the  preceding  and  the  scutel,  and  hardly  approaching 
the  suture  at  its  tip ;  suture  black :  anal  segment  whitish ;  be- 
neath black  :  feet  rufous. 

Obs.  I  obtained  the  specimen  from  which  this  description  and 
the  figure  were  taken,  on  the  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river,  above 
the  confluence  of  the  Ohio.  Some  doubts  may  reasonably  be 
entertained,  respecting  the  identity  of  this  insect  and  the  viduatus 
of  Fabricius,  on  account  of  its  smaller  size,  and  the  character  of 
"  pedibus  variegatus,"  attributed  to  this  insect  by  that  author. 
But  as  the  present  specimen  corresponds  with  his  description  in 
every  other  respect,  and  as  the  difference  in  magnitude  may  be 
dependent  on  sex  alone,  I  have  ventured  to  refer  it  to  that  spe- 
cies.    It  is  now  figured  for  the  first  time. 

[Different  from  the  Fabrician  species  according  to  Suffrian, 
who  (Linn.  Ent.  7,  227)  has  named  it  Pacliybrachi/s  litigiosus. 
— Leg.] 

The  lower  right  figure. 

Cryptocephalus  OTHONUS. — Specific  character.  Black  ; 
thorax  with  a  narrow  margin  and  abbreviated  line,  dull  fulvous  ; 
elytra  yellowish,  with  two  black  vittae. 

Desc.  Head  with  small  dense  punctures  ;  black,  with  two  trian- 
gular yellow  or  rufous  spots  at  the  superior  canthi  of  the  eyes  : 
antennae  yellowish  at  base  :  thorax  black,  confluently  punctured, 
with  a  narrow  margin  all  round,  and  a  dorsal  line  extending  from 
the  anterior  edge  to  the  middle,  dull  fulvous  :  scutel  black  :  elytra 
dull  yellowish-white,  with  two  broad  black  vittae  abbreviated 
near  the  tip,  the  exterior  one  originates  at  the  humerus,  and  the 
other  takes  its  rise  on  the  basal  margin,  midway  between  the  ex- 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  67 

terior  vitta  and  the  scutel,  it  does  not  approach  the  suture  at  its 
tip ;  sutural  edge  black  ;  the  series  of  punctures  are  rather  large 
and  profoundly  impressed  :  beneath  black,  punctured  :  feet  pale 
testaceous. 

Obs.  This  is  the  C.  bivittatus  of  Melsheimer's  Catalogue;  I 
certainly  would  have  adopted  his  name,  had  I  not  inadvertently 
pre-occupied  it  with  the  description  of  the  preceding  species, 
before  I  was  acquainted  with  this  insect.  It  can  be  readily  per- 
ceived to  be  specifically  distinct  from  either  of  those  represented 
with  it  on  the  accompanying  plate,  by  the  confluent  density  of 
the  thoracic  punctures,  as  well  as  by  its  colors  and  their  arrange- 
ment. 

The  lower  left  figure. 

[Belongs  to  Pachybracliys. — Lec.} 

SCOLIA.     Plate  XXIX. 

Generic  character..  Thorax  with  the  first  segment  very  much 
arcuated  and  contracted  on  the  posterior  middle  ;  antenna)  robust, 
with  short  close  set  joints  ;  the  first  joint  long,  cylindrical ;  second 
joint  distinct;  superior  wings  not  folded;  radial  cellule  detached 
at  tip  from  the  anterior  edge  of  the  wing ;  cubital  cellules  two 
or  three,  the  last  one  remote  from  the  tip  of  the  wing,  the  first 
one  placed  on  the  same  longitudinal  line  with  the  radial  cellule ; 
eyes  emarginate ;  stemmata  three ;  thighs  thick,  arcuated  in  the 
females,  compressed ;  tail  three  spined  in  the  males. 

Obs.  A  genus,  in  some  respects,  closely  allied  to  Tiphia  and 
Plesia,  but  at  once  distinguishable  by  the  emarginated  eyes. 
The  thighs  are  remarkable  for  their  thickness  and  curvature. 
The  form  of  the  cubital  cellules  varies  considerably,  but  to  a 
determinate  and  limited  extent.  In  the  distribution  of  the 
nervures  of  the  wings,  Jurine  remarks,  they  present  more  re- 
markable anomalies,  than  are  to  be  found  in  any  other  hymenop- 
terous  insects;  "it  would  seem  that  nature,  in  circumscribing 
the  extent  of  the  cubital  cellules,  has  amused  herself  with  vary- 
ing them  in  several  respects  of  manner  and  form,  supplying  to 
one  part  what  she  retrenches  from  another."  Latreille  has 
availed  himself  of  these  anomalies,  to  form  divisions  of  the 
numerous  species  of  this  genus.  This  author  gives  the  following 
account  of  the  species :  Many  of  them  are  of  a  large  size,  and 


68  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

inhabit  warm  and  temperate  climates  exclusively.  In  Europe, 
the  larger  species  begin  to  appear  about  the  forty-third  degree  of 
latitude.  Their  metamorphosis  is  unknown,  but  Mr.  Latreille 
supposes  that  their  larvae  are  parasitical,  from  the  circumstance 
of  his  not  having  seen  the  parents  transport  larvae,  spiders,  &c, 
to  feed  their  young.  They  frequent  arid,  sandy  places,  and  feed 
on  the  contents  of  the  nectary  of  flowers. 

SCOLIA  CONFLUENTA  [CONFLUENS  ?]. — Specific  character. 
Black ;  tergum  trifasciate  with  yellow. 

Scolia  confiuenta  nobis,  Western  Quarterly  Reporter,  vol.  ii. 
p.  74. 

Desc.  Body  deep  black ;  antennae  short,  arcuated :  front,  occi- 
put with  yellowish  cinereous  hair  :  thorax  immaculate,  with  yel- 
lowish cinereous  hair  before :  wings  tinged  with  ferruginous : 
nervures  ferruginous :  cubital  cellules  two,  the  second  receiving 
two  recurrent  nervures  :  metathorax  acutely  edged  and  hairy 
above ;  behind  concave  and  very  rugous,  with  elevated,  abbre- 
viated, transverse  lines,  and  a  longitudinal  one  :  tibiae  rugous, 
armed  with  prominent  spines  :  abdomen,  segments  ciliated  on 
the  edge :  tergum  trifasciate  with  yellow ;  first  band  with  a  small 
black  dot  on  the  middle  of  the  anterior  edge ;  second  band  widely 
and  deeply  emarginated  on  the  anterior  middle,  and  rather 
abruptly  narrowed  on  the  side ;  third  band  composed  of  two  con- 
fluent triangles,  which  are  marked  by  a  small  black  transverse 
dot  near  the  exterior  angle  of  each. 

Obs.  This  fine  species  inhabits  Arkansaw ;  it  agrees  with  the 
description  of  fossulana  Fabr.,  excepting   that  it  has  but  three 
bands  on  the  tergum. 
The  upper  figure. 

SCOLIA  OCTO-MACULATA. — Specific  character.  Thorax  black, 
scutel  with  a  yellow  line ;  tergum  four-spotted  each  side. 

Scolia  octo-maculata  nobis,  West  Quart.  Report,  vol.  ii.  p.  74. 
Head  black,  with  the  vertex,  basal  joint  of  the  antennae,  ante- 
rior margin  of  the  clypeus,  and  base  of  the  mandibles,  dull 
rufous :  thorax  black,  anterior  segment,  and  two  spots  before  the 
scutel,  obsoletely  dull  rufous  :  scutel  with  a  yellow  line  :  meta- 
thorax rufous  each  side  and  above :  superior  wings  tinged  with 
purplish ;  costal  margin  rufous  to  the  tip  of  the  cellules :  cubital 
cellules  three,  the  intermediate  one  petiolated,  and  receiving  two 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  0U 

recurrent  nervures :  feet  rufous  :  tergum  dusky  rufous,  with  four 
transversely  oval  bright  yellow  spots  on  each  side,  of  which  the 
anterior  one  is  very  small,  and  the  posterior  one  is  nearly  extended 
into  a  band. 

Obs.  Inhabits  various  parts  of  the  Union,  and  is  not  uncom- 
mon in  Pennsylvania.  The  wing  cells  are  remarkable ;  the  in- 
termediate cubital  cellule  having  two  recurrent  nervures. 

The  lower  figure. 

Scolia  TRICINCTA. —  Specific  character.  Black  j  collar  with 
two  yellow  spots ;  scutel  with  one  yellow  spot ;  tergum  trifasciate 
with  yellow. 

Scolia  tricincta  nobis,  Western  Quarterly  Reporter,  vol.  ii. 
p.  74. 

Desc.  Body  black  :  front  with  obscure  yellowish  hair:  mandi- 
bles rufous  at  base :  collar  with  a  yellow  spot  on  each  side,  some- 
times united  :  squammula  rufous  :  scutel  with  a  small  yellow 
spot :  feet  rufous  :  superior  wings  dusky  on  the  costal  tip,  ner- 
vures ferruginous  :  cubital  cells  two,  the  second  receiving  one 
recurrent  nervure  :  tergum  with  three  yellow  bands,  of  which 
the  first  and  second  are  nearly,  or,  quite  interrupted  in  the  middle 
each  into  two  oval  spots ;  first  segment  with  an  obscure  piceous 
band. 

Obs.  The  terminal  nervure  of  the  radial  cellule  is  so  perfectly 
transverse,  that  the  cellule  has  not  the  usual  appearance  of  being- 
separated  at  tip  from  the  costal  edge  of  the  wing.  The  species 
is,  notwithstanding  this  anomaly,  a  true  Scolia. 

The  middle  figure. 

PIERIS.    Plate  XXX. 

Generic  character.  Feet  nearly  equal ;  nails  of  the  tarsi  very 
apparent,  bifid  or  unidentate ;  inferior  wings  dilated  beneath  the 
abdomen,  so  as  to  form  a  groove. 

Obs.  This  is  one  of  the  many  genera  into  which  the  vast  and 
sumptuous  genus  Pcqrilio,  of  Linne,  has  been  separated.  "We  are 
indebted  for  it  to  Schrank.  It  nearly  corresponds  to  the  group 
of  Danai  candicli,  and  includes  the  genera  Colias,  and  Pontia  of 
Fabricius,  and  Gonepteryx  of  Leach. 

These  butterflies  are  natives  of  various  regions  of  the  globe  : 
some  of  them  are  very  frequent  in  almost  every  field,  and  must 


70  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

have  been  noticed  by  the  most  casual  observer,  flitting  with  a 
devious  direction  over  the  herbage,  and  on  meeting  with  a  com- 
panion mounting  aloft  in  the  air,  with  a  hurried  and  irregular 
movement.  Some  species  occasionally  alight  in  great  numbers 
on  moist  places  in  roads. 

The  caterpillar  is  destitute  of  the  retractile  tentacula  of  the 
neck,  and  the  chrysalis  is  of  an  angulated  form,  attached  to  a 
fixed  object  a  by  thread  passed  around  the  body,  the  head  being- 
upward. 

Pieris  nicippe. — Specific  character.  Wings  slightly  crenate, 
fulvous  ;  terminal  margin  black-brown ;  upper  pair  with  a  black 
abbreviated  line  before  the  middle  on  each  page ;  inferior  pair 
with  abbreviated  ferruginous  lines  and  spots. 

Papilio  nicippe  Cramer,  tab.  210,  fig.  C,  D.  Herbst,  Natur. 
Ins.  pt.  5,  p.  176,  pi.  107,  fig.  3,  4. 

Desc.  The  black  terminal  margin  of  the  upper  wings  extends 
along  the  costal  margin  nearly  to  the  middle  ;  the  black  transverse 
line  on  this  pair  of  wings  is  very  short,  and  consists  of  two  cur- 
vatures ;  this  curvilinear  line  appears  also  on  the  inferior  surface, 
which  is  yellow,  very  slightly  tinged  with  fulvous  on  the  disk, 
with  a  blackish  point  at  each  indentation  of  the  edge,  and  an 
ovate  bright  fulvous  spot  near  the  base ;  the  black  terminal  mar- 
gin of  the  inferior  wings  has  a  prominent  undulation  in  the  mid- 
dle ;  the  inferior  surface  of  this  pair  of  wings  is  yellow,  marked 
by  numerous  brownish  or  ferruginous  abbreviated  transverse 
lines,  a  minute  black  point  in  the  centre  of  the  wing,  and  two  or 
three  more  obvious,  irregularly  undulated,  ferruginous,  oblique 
lines :  head  and  thorax  above,  blackish  :  antennae  blackish,  be- 
neath white,  with  black  incisures :  feet  whitish  :  abdomen  black, 
each  side  with  a  yellow  line  :  venter  with  yellow  incisures. 

Obs.  It  is  said  by  Cramer  to  inhabit  Virginia,  but  it  is  also 
found  in  Pennsylvania,  and  in  all  the  Southern  States.  It  is 
subject  to  some  little  variations ;  the  fine  fulvous  spot  near  the 
base  of  the  inferior  surface  of  the  upper  wings,  is  sometimes 
white,  and  the  oblique  lines  under  the  inferior  wings,  differ  in 
width  and  distinctness. 

The  plate  represents  two  views  of  the  natural  size. 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  71 

REDUVIUS  Fabr.,   Latr.     Plate  XXXI. 

Generic  character.  Body  not  linear;  thorax  sub-bilobate ;  ros- 
tellum arcuated,  three-jointed,  middle  joint  longest:  antennae  in- 
serted above  a  line  drawn  from  the  eyes  to  the  base  of  the  rostrum ; 
tibia;  simple. 

Obs.  Linne  placed  the  species  in  the  same  genus  with  the 
common  and  well  known  "  bed-bug,"  from  which,  however,  they 
are  without  doubt  very  distinct.  Under  the  reforming  hand  of 
Fabricius,  they  were  established  as  a  separate  group,  with  the 
present  designation.  These  insects  are  carnivorous,  and  live  by 
rapine  in  all  their  states.  They  seize  smaller  insects,  and  suck 
out  their  fluids.  The  collector  must  be  very  cautious  how  he 
handles  these  insects,  as  they  are  apt  to  inflict  a  painful  punc- 
ture with  their  very  pointed  beak.  When  disturbed  they  emit 
an  acute  sound,  by  the  friction  of  the  base  of  the  head  or  the 
neck  against  the  thorax. 

Reduvius  novenarius. — Specific  character.  Blackish ;  an- 
tennae and  rostellum  rufous  :  thorax  crested,  crest  eight  or  nine" 
toothed. 

Desc.  Brownish  liver  color,  with  very  short  hair;  head  cylin- 
drical, a  profoundly  impressed  transverse  line  between  the  eyes : 
a  spine  behind  each  antenna  inclining  forwards :  antennae  ru- 
fous; rostellum  dark  rufous,  first  joint  more  than  half  the  whole 
length  of  the  organ  ;  thorax  with  a  short  robust  spine  each  side 
at  the  base  of  the  head :  crest  prominent,  with  eight  or  nine 
cylindrical,  rather  distant  teeth  :  lateral  angles  bidentate,  poste- 
rior tooth  largest :  posterior  margin  crenate,  with  two  promi- 
nent, terminal  spines  :  hemelytra,  membranaceous  portion,  brassy : 
feet  simple,  rather  long ;  tibiae  tinged  with  rufous. 

Obs.  This  large  and  fine  species  is  not  uncommon  in  various 
parts  of  the  Union,  at  least  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  southern 
boundary.  Its  puncture  is  very  painful,  benumbing  the  vicinity 
of  the  wounded  part,  for  a  considerable  time. 

Its  great  similarity  to  the  R.  cristatus  of  South  America,  has 
hitherto  induced  entomologists  to  identify  it  with  that  species ; 
but  having  carefully  considered  their  respective  characters,  I  am 
of  opinion  that  they  are  distinct,  though  certainly  very  closely 
allied.     The   cristatus  has  at  least  twelve   denticulations  to  its 


72  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

crest,  and  its  pale  rufous  tibiae,  strongly  contrast  with  the  femoral 
color 

The  upper  right  figure  of  the  plate. 

Reduvius  crassipes. — Specific  character.  Blackish;  thorax 
and  abdomen  margined  with  reddish ;  feet  thick. 

Reduvius  crassipes  Fabr.,  Syst.  Rhyng.  p.  273. 

Desc.  Body  villous  ;  posterior  lobe  bituberculate  :  thorax  mar- 
gined all  around  with  red ;  anterior  lobe  with  a  triangular  central 
indentation ;  scutel  with  a  red  band  beyond  the  middle  :  heme- 
lytra  with  a  reddish  humerus ;  coriaceous  portion  with  two  or 
three  obsolete  reddish  points  at  tip;  membranaceous  portion 
much  deeper  black ;  tergum  with  red  triangular  spots  on  the 
incisures  at  the  lateral  margin  :  pectus  with  a  spot  above  the  in- 
sertion of  each  foot,  and  coxae  red  :  venter  margined  each  side 
with  red. 

Obs.  This  species  was  obtained  by  Bosc,  in  Carolina,  and  was 
described  from  his  collection  by  Fabricius.  I  found  the  specimen 
in  Arkansaw. 

The  lower  right  figure. 

Reduvius  spissipes. — Specific  character.  Thorax  and  he- 
melytra  light  reddish-brown,  edged  behind  with  whitish ;  feet 
thick. 

Reduvius  sjnssipes  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  iv.  p.  328. 

Desc.  Head  black,  posterior  lobe  with  two  tubercles :  thorax 
light  reddish-brown  ;  anterior  lobe  with  dilated,  black,  oblique,  or 
arcuated  lines,  of  which  some  are  confluent;  posterior  lobe  hardly 
more  elevated  than  the  preceding,  with  a  black  posterior  sub- 
margin,  and  white  posterior  margin ;  scutel  black,  margined  with 
white,  and  tipped  by  a  few  hairs  :  hemelytra,  coriaceous  portion 
light  reddish-brown,  with  a  narrow  whitish  posterior  margin ; 
membranaceous  portion  black,  or  dark  fuscous;  feet  thickened, 
black,  hairy;  coxae  bright  red:  abdomen  black;  margin  and  band 
on  each  segment,  white. 

Obs.  The  species  here  described,  is  very  closely  allied  to  the 
crassipes.     It  occurred  in  some  plenty  in  Arkansaw. 

The  lower  left  figure. 

Reduvius  raptatorius. — Specific  characters.  Obscure 
brownish :  head,  thorax,  and  anterior  feet  spinous ;  the  latter 
raptatory. 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  73 

Redumus  raptatorius  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  iv.  p.  327. 

Desc.  Body  oblong,  obscure  brownish ;  head  with  a  deeply 
impressed  line  above  the  eyes,  spinous ;  six  larger  spines  before 
the  impressed  line,  placed  two  and  two,  and  two  or  four  larger 
ones  behind  the  line  :  stemmata  sanguineous ;  eyes  inserted  in 
the  lateral  middle  of  the  head  :  antennae  inserted  near  the  tip  of 
the  clypeus,  with  dilated  annulations  of  dull  rufous  and  pale  ; 
rostellum  slightly  arcuated,  pale :  thorax  with  numerous,  short, 
obtuse  spines  on  the  anterior  lobe,  and  dense  granulations  on  the 
posterior  lobe  :  posterior  angles  hardly  prominent;  feet  somewhat 
pale,  sub-annulate,  granulated:  anterior  pair  raptatory;  thighs 
unequal,  anterior  pair  robust,  villous,  dusky,  armed  with  an  erect, 
prominent,  obtuse  spine,  near  the  tip  above,  and  a  double  series 
of  ten  equal,  equidistant,  acute  spines  beneath ;  anterior  tibiae 
with  a  double  series  of  six  similar  spines  on  the  inner  side;  ter- 
gum  rufous  on  the  disk,  margin  varied  with  black  and  pale ; 
hemelytra  on  the  membranaceous  tip,  with  a  longitudinal  red- 
dish-brown line. 

Obs.  This  may  possibly  prove  to  be  the  R.  diadema  Fabr. 
It  is  common  in  many  parts  of  the  Union,  and  I  found  it  not  un- 
common in  Missouri,  as  well  as  in  Pennsylvania. 

The  upper  left  figure  of  the  plate. 

TREMEX.     Plate  XXXII. 

Generic  Character.  Antennas  setaceous,  inserted  on  the  front, 
thirteen  or  fourteen  jointed;  mandibles  robust,  short,  denti- 
culated; labial  palpi  terminated  by  a  thick,  hairy  joint;  supe- 
rior wings  with  two  radial  cellules,  the  second  incomplete,  and 
two  cubital  cellules,  of  which  the  first  is  very  large,  receiving 
the  two  recurrent  nervures,  the  second  incomplete,  not  attain- 
ing the  end  of  the  wing;  abdomen  sessile,  terminating  in  a  point; 
oviduct  exserted. 

Obs.  This  genus  is  very  similar  to  Sirex,  from  which  it  was 
separated  by  Jurine.  It  may  be  distinguished  by  the  smaller 
number  of  joints  in  the  antenme,  as  well  as  by  the  number  and 
form  of  the  cellules  of  the  wings. 

Tremex  sericeus. — Specific  character.  Ferruginous  :  ter- 
gum  yellowish-sericeous. 

Tremex  sericeus  nobis,  "Western  Quarterly  Reporter  vol.  ii.  p.  73. 


74  AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

Desc.  Body  ferruginous,  punctured ;  head  with  three  indented 
longitudinal  lines  on  the  vertex,  and  a  transverse  one  between 
the  eyes ;  antennae  yellowish  j  thorax  scabrous  before,  disk  with 
a  black  spot  on  each  side  :  wings  brownish-fuliginous  :  carpus 
yellowish  :  feet  pale  yellowish  :  thighs  ferruginous  :  tergum  pale 
yellowish-fulvous,  sericeous :  pectus,  above  the  posterior  feet, 
black. 

Obs.  The  specimen  is  a  female.  I  obtained  it  in  Missouri, 
whilst  engaged  in  the  exploring  expedition  under  the  command 
of  Major  Long. 

The  upper  figure. 

Tremex  OBSoletus. — Specific  character.  Ferruginous  ;  ter- 
gum black. 

Tremex  obsoletus  nobis,  Western  Quarterly  Reporter,  vol.  ii. 
p.  73. 

Desc.  Body  ferruginous,  punctured  :  head  with  three  obsolete 
indented  lines  upon  the  vertex,  and  a  transverse  one  between  the 
eyes :  antennae  pale  ferruginous  :  thorax  scabrous  before,  with  a 
black  spot  on  each  side  of  the  disk :  wings  yellowish  brown,  hya- 
line )  carpus  rufous ;  posterior  tibiae  and  tarsi,  black  at  their 
tips ;  tergum  black,  polished  ;  segments,  particularly  those  near 
the  base,  with  an  obsoletely  rufous  spot  on  each  side,  more  dis- 
tinct on  the  fourth  segment. 

Obs.  Taken  in  the  same  region  with  the  preceding.  The  num- 
ber of  cubital  cellules  do  not  correspond  with  the  definition 
of  the  genus,  as  we  have  here  adopted  it.  There  are,  in  fact, 
three  cubital  cellules,  of  which  the  first  is  very  small,  and  it  is 
the  second  which  receives  the  recurrent  nervures.  Notwith- 
standing this  character,  however,  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  these 
insects  being  correctly  arranged,  when  placed  in  this  genus. 

The  left  figure. 

Tremex  COLUMBA. — Specific  character.  Thorax  ferruginous ; 
abdomen  with  a  band,  and  lateral  spots  yellow. 

Sirex  Columba  Fabr.,.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  49.  Amoen.  Acad.  vol. 
vi.  p.  412.  (Fabr.) 

Sirex  Pennsyhanica  Degeer,  Ins.  vol.  iii.  p.  393,  pt.  1,  pi.  30, 
fig.  13,  (Fabr.) 

Desc.  Head  ferruginous :  vertex  a  little  grooved,  a  blackish 
line  through  the  stemmata  passes  upon  the  posterior  orbits :  an- 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  <0 

teniice  black,  four  basal  joints  pale  ferruginous,  two  terminal 
joints  fulvous  :  thorax  ferruginous,  sutures  blackish  :  wings 
blackish :  carpus  ferruginous  :  tergum  deep  black ;  first  seg- 
ment with  a  small  obsolete  spot  each  side,  yellow ;  second  seg- 
ment yellow,  with  an  inconspicuous  longitudinal  black  line;  re- 
maining segments  with  an  oblong-triangular  yellow  spot  on  the 
base  of  each  ;  terminal  spine,  and  valves  of  the  oviduct,  ferrugin- 
ous :  pectus  black,  a  large  ferruginous  spot  beneath  the  anterior 
wings:  feet  pale  ferruginous;  thighs  above,  and  posterior  pair 
entirely,  black  :  venter,  with  the  segments  slightly  tinged  with 
piceous. 

Obs.  The  specimen  above  described,  was  taken  on  the  bank  of 
the  Missouri  river.  It  inhabits  many  parts  of  the  Union,  and  is 
a  very  fine  species. 

The  right  figure. 

PANGONIA.    Plate  XXXIII. 

Generic  character.  Wings  divaricated ;  antennae  porrect,  ap- 
proximate, three-jointed;  first  joint  cylindrical,  second  cyathi- 
form ;  third  joint  elongated,  subulate,  eight-ringed ;  proboscis 
elongated,  exsertcd ;  stemmata  three  :  abdomen  of  seven  seg- 
ments. 

Obs.  This  genus  is  very  closely  allied  to  Tabawm,  the  species 
having  a  close  resemblance  to  each  other ;  but,  on  accurate  com- 
parison, we  shall  agree  with  Latreille  in  the  propriety  of  separat- 
ing them.  In  fact,  the  Tabani  are  altogether  destitute  of  the 
stemmata,  aud  are  very  different  from  insects  of  the  present 
genus  in  several  other  characters,  such  as  the  form  of  their 
antennae,  the  disposition  of  the  nervures  of  their  wings,  and  the 
comparative  length  of  their  proboscis.  In  some  of  the  species, 
the  stemmata  are  so  small  as  to  require  a  lens  to  discover  them, 
but  they  certainly  exist  in  all.  Six  species  are  described  by 
Meigen  as  inhabiting  Europe ;  and  five  extra  Europeans  are  de- 
scribed by  Wiedemann. 

These  insects  are  inhabitants  of  warm  climates,  and  are  said  to 
subsist  upon  the  honey  of  flowers ;  but  Meigen  suspects  that 
their  females  feed  on  the  blood  of  animals,  like  those  of  the  spe- 
cies of  other  genera  in  this  family. 

Pangonia  incisuralis. — Specific  character.     Thorax  dusty 


76  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

glaucous,  with  dirty  yellowish  hair;  abdomen  dark  chestnut, 
with  whitish  incisures. 

Pangonia  incimralis  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  iii.  p.  31. 

Desc.  Front  ochreous  :  ocelli  distinct :  hypostoina  dusky : 
palpi :  and  setae  of  the  proboscis  testaceous  :  proboscis  black  : 
antennae  pale  yellowish  :  occiput  with  very  short,  greenish-yel- 
low hair  :  thorax  with  two  distinct  obsolete  lines  :  wings  reddish- 
brown  :  feet  yellowish :  thighs  dark  chestnut  at  base  :  tergum 
and  venter  2  dark  chestnut,  polished,  the  posterior  margins  of 
the  segments  whitish,  and  slightly  hairy ;  %  pale  testaceous, 
with  short  hair. 

Obs.  This  is  the  only  species  yet  known  to  inhabit  North 
America.  It  was  brought  from  Arkansaw  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Nuttall. 

Tbe  upper  figure  exhibits  the  appearance  of  the  male,  and  the 
lower  that  of  the  female. 

GKYLLUS.     Plate  XXXIV. 

Generic  character.  Antennae  filiform,  with  from  twenty  to 
twenty-five  joints;  hemelytra  and  wings  deflected,  the  latter 
large,  much  folded  ;  posterior  feet  formed  for  leaping,  hardly 
longer  than  the  body  ;  tarsi  three-jointed;  oviduct  not  exserted  ; 
stemmata  unequidistant. 

Obs.  Insects  of  this  genus  are  well  known  to  every  person  in 
this  country  by  the  familiar  and  characteristic  name  of  "  grass- 
hoppers." They  are  in  some  seasons  very  abundant,  and  become 
an  inconvenience  to  the  farmer,  by  devouring  his  grasses  and 
other  vegetable  productions.  But  their  increase  here  is  always 
limited,  so  that,  even  when  most  numerous,  a  great  portion  of 
the  crop  is  saved.  There  are  countries,  however,  where  this  is 
not  the  case,  and  we  have  only  to  inform  the  reader,  that  the 
migratory  locust  is  one  of  the  members  of  this  genus,  to  apprize 
him  of  their  formidable  character.  "  Of  all  the  insects  which 
seem  capable  of  adding  to  the  calamities  of  the  human  race,  lo- 
custs seem  to  possess  the  most  formidable  powers  of  destruction. 
Legions  of  these  voracious  animals  of  various  species  are  pro- 
duced in  Africa,  where  the  devastation  they  commit,  is  almost 
incredible.  The  air  is  darkened  by  their  numbers ;  they  carry 
desolation  with  them  wherever  they  pass,  and  in  the  short  space 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  77 

of  a  few  hours  arc  said  to  change  the  most  fertile  provinces  into 
a  barren  desert."  During  their  migrations  in  search  of  food, 
they  move  in  immense  dense  masses,  which  resemble  huge  thun- 
der or  hail  clouds,  and  at  the  termination  of  their  career,  every 
leaf  is  soon  devoured,  and  the  atmosphere  is  finally  loaded  with 
putrid  exhalations  from  their  dead  bodies,  producing  pestilence 
in  the  train  of  a  general  famine,  which  is  the  consequence  of 
their  voracity. 

Swarms  of  these  animals  have  appeared  in  various  parts  of 
Europe,  from  Tartary,  and  small  flights  have  made  their  way 
even  into  England.  A  species  of  this  genus  occasioned  so  much 
destruction  in  some  parts  of  Europe,  that  in  the  year  1813  the 
French  government  issued  decrees  with  a  view  to  the  destruction 
of  the  larvae.  Although  the  thickly  settled  parts  of  the  United 
States 'are  altogether  unacquainted  with  the  scourge  of  any  spe- 
cies of  migratory  locust,  yet  we  shall  have  occasion  at  a  future 
time,  to  speak  of  several  species  found  within  the  limits  of  our 
territory,  that  have  already  proved  a  very  serious  evil. 

There  seems  to  be  little  doubt,  that  a  species,  probably  the  G. 
migratorius,  constituted  one  of  the  plagues  of  Egypt  mentioned 
in  the  Bible  ;  and  that  John  the  Baptist  was  compelled  to  use 
them  for  food  during  his  sojourn  in  the  wilderness. 

Even  at  the  present  day,  the  inhabitants  of  divers  countries  of 
Africa,  make  great  use  of  these  destructive  insects  for  food.  For 
this  purpose,  the  insect  requires  but  little  preparation,  and  we  be- 
lieve the  hemely  tra  and  wings  are  always  rej  ected,  whether  it  is  to  be 
eaten  fresh,  or  salted.  In  the  latter  state,  they  are  constantly  ex- 
posed for  sale  in  the  markets  of  the  Levant,  and  they  are  known 
to  be  a  considerable  article  of  commerce  in  that  region. 

Many  travellers  assure  us  that  they  constitute  an  agreeable 
food ;  according  to  Shaw,  when  fried  with  a  little  salt,  they  have 
the  taste  of  the  Cray-fish,  a  crustaceous  animal  like  a  miniature 
lobster,  abounding  in  our  fresh  water  streams.  Some  of  the 
Arabs  are  stated  by  Niebuhr,  to  preserve  large  quantities  of 
these  insects  in  the  dried  state,  for  winter  consumption. 

The  Grylli  feed  exclusively  on  vegetables.  They  fly  with  a 
considerable  strength  of  wing,  and  some  species  make  a  noise 
when  they  poise  themselves  in  the  air  previously  to  alighting,  by 
striking  the  hemelytra  together.     During  their  several  changes, 


78  AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

they  continue  active  and  voracious,  and  their  gait  is  always  either 
a  leap  or  a  walk.  In  the  larva  state,  they  are  destitute  of  any 
appearance  of  wings  or  hemelytra,  but  on  changing  to  the  pupa, 
they  gain  the  rudiments  of  those  members,  to  be  completely  de- 
veloped at  the  next  change. 

Gryllus  formosus. — Specific  character.  Thorax  with  a 
much  elevated,  compi'essed,  and  denticulated  carina. 

Desc.  Body  pale  green :  antennae  yellowish :  thorax  armed 
with  numerous  small  denticles,  above  compressed,  very  much 
elevated  into  a  regularly  arcuated  carina,  forming  a  portion  of  a 
circle,  the  centre  of  which  is  anterior  to  the  origin  of  the  heme- 
lytra ;  carina  with  two  yellow  radii,  and  yellow  posterior  and 
anterior  edges;  posterior  half  of  the  edge,  prominently  denticu- 
lated :  hemelytra  with  about  six  large  brown  spots,  with  areolae, 
placed  2,  2,  2  :  posterior  thighs  annulate,  with  yellow. 

Obs.  When  returning  with  a  detachment  of  Major  Long's 
party,  at  a  distance  of  about  an  hundred  and  fifty  miles  from  the 
mountains,  on  the  banks  of  the  Arkansaw  river,  I  had  the  plea- 
sure to  find  a  considerable  number  of  this  uncommonly  beautiful 
species.  It  occurred  only  in  a  very  limited  district,  and  was  not 
afterwards  seen. 

The  middle  figure,  with  a  wing  above  on  the  left. 

Gryllus  hirtipes. — Specific  character.  Head  conic,  pos- 
terior segment  of  the  thorax  elevated  into  a  carina. 

Desc.  Body  pale  green  :  head  above  conic,  elevated,  with  dark 
green  lines  :  antennae  red  :  thorax  varied  with  dark  green ;  pos- 
terior segment  compressed  above,  and  elevated  into  a  prominent, 
arcuated,  mutic  carina :  hemelytra  with  large,  confluent,  dark 
green  spots  :  feet  hairy ;  posterior  tibiae  densely  hairy. 

Obs.  A  curious  species,  of  which  the  conic  head  gives  it  the 
air  of  a  Truxalis,  but  the  antennae  are  not  ensiform,  neither  are 
the  posterior  thighs  elongated,  as  in  that  genus.  The  anterior 
segment  of  the  thorax  is  altogether  destitute  of  any  appearance 
of  carina. 

It  occurred  with  the  preceding. 

The  upper  figure,  with  a  wing  below  on  the  right. 

Gryllus  trifasciatus. — Specific  character.  Hemelytra  tri- 
fasciate  with  fuscous  ;  wings  pale  yellow  at  base,  with  a  fuscous 
band. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  79 

Desc.  Head  green  :  antennae  blackish,  first  and  second  joints 
pale ;  triangular  space  between  the  eyes,  brown,  extending  in  a 
curved  line  backwards  and  downwards  :  thorax  greenish-brown, 
above  depressed,  on  the  two  anterior  segments  an  inconspicuous, 
hardly  elevated,  longitudinal  line  :  hemelytra  pale  dull  yellowish, 
at  base  brownish,  nervures  at  tip,  dusky  j  three  equidistant  broad 
brownish-black  bands,  the  intermediate  one  on  the  middle  :  win^s 
pale  yellow,  with  a  slight  tinge  of  green;  a  broad  brownish  black 
band,  narrowed  and  marginal  behind ;  tip  dull  whitish,  with  the 
nervures  blackish  :  posterior  thighs  dull  yellowish,  with  a  black 
band  on  the  middle,  on  the  inner  side,  extending  broadly  towards 
the  base  ;  tip  blackish  :  posterior  tibiae  bright  fulvous. 

Obs.  This  pretty  insect  occurred  in  Arkansaw,  at  the  distance 
of  about  three  hundred  miles  from  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

The  lower  figure. 

HETEROMYIA.    Plate  XXXV. 

Artificial  character.  xVntcnnae  porrect,  filiform,  fourteen 
jointed  ;  five  terminal  joints  elongated ;  palpi  exserted,  a  little 
arcuated,  four  jointed  ;  basal  joint  shortest,  a  little  contracted  in 
the  middle ;  ocelli  none ;  eyes  reniform ;  posterior  feet  much 
elongated,  slender,  and  with  a  single  nail  at  tip ;  anterior  pair 
with  somewhat  elongated  coxae,  and  much  dilated  femora,  armed 
with  a  series  of  short  spines  on  the  anterior  edge,  on  which  the 
arcuated  tibia  closes. 

Natural  character.  Body  moderately  slender ;  head  small, 
rounded,  flattened  before ;  antennae  in  the  middle  of  the  face  ■ 
first  joint  large,  but  not  long;  the  eight  following  joints  sub- 
oval  ;  the  five  terminal  joints  long,  not  dilated,  cylindric,  each 
being  twice  the  length  of  one  of  the  preceding  ones ;  eyes  reni- 
form, large,  wider  beneath,  and  approaching  above ;  stemmata 
none;  palpi  arcuated,  four  jointed,  first  joint  shortest,  last  joint 
longest;  proboscis  shorter  than  the  head  ;  thorax  sub-globular, 
convex  above,  and  projecting  a  little  forward  acutely  before ;  be- 
neath convex ;  scutel  transverse ;  wings  moderate,  somewhat 
lanceolate  ;  poisers  naked  ;  feet  unequal ;  anterior  pair  with  the 
coxae  somewhat  elongated  ;  thighs  dilated,  and  with  a  series  of 
spines  on  the  lower  side ;  tibiae  arcuated,  accurately  closing  on 
the  inferior  surface  of  the  thigh  ;  tarsi   moderate ;  intermediate 


80  AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

pair  slender,  longer  than  the  anteriors ;  third  pair  longest,  slen- 
der, the  tarsi  elongated,  terminated  by  a  single  long  and  slender 
nail. 

Obs.  This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  Tanypus,  Chironomus,  and 
Ceratopogon,  but  it  differs  from  them  by  the  remarkable  confor- 
mation of  the  anterior  and  posterior  feet. 

[This  genus  appears  to  be  one  of  the  numerous  forms  of  Cera- 
topogon. Mr.  Winnertz  in  his  excellent  Monograph  of  this 
genus  (Linnaea  Entomologia,  6,)  did  not  subdivide  it  into  new 
genera,  but  among  the  forms  he  mentions  several  which  are  very 
like  Heteroymia.  Some  of  them  have  one  claw  of  the  tarsi  much 
shorter  than  the  other,  approaching  by  this  character  Heteromyiu, 
which  according  to  Say  has  but  one  claw  on  the  posterior  tarsi. 
It  is  strange  that  Say  does  not  describe  the  antennae  of  the  male. 
— Sacken.] 

Heteromyia  fasciata. — Specific  character.  Wings  hyaline, 
trifasciate  with  dusky. 

Desc.  Body  testaceous :  thorax  with  a  black  disk  :  wings  with 
three  equidistant  bands,  the  two  exterior  ones  somewhat  conflu- 
ent :  posterior  thighs  a  little  dilated  towards  the  tip  :  abdomen 
with  a  silvery  sericeous  reflection ;  %  cylindrical,  9  dilated 
towards  the  tip. 

Variety  a.     Thorax  entirely  testaceous. 

Obs.  The  manners  and  habits  of  this  insect  are  unknown, 
though  it  is  of  rather  frequent  occurrence. 

HIPPARCHIA.     Plate  XXXVI. 

Generic  character.  Antennae  with  a  slender,  somewhat  fusei- 
form,  [fusiform  ?]  or  trigonate-orbicular  club  ;  palpi  meeting  above 
the  tongue,  with  the  second  joint  very  much  compressed,  and  much 
longer  than  the  first ;  anterior  pair  of  feet  shorter  than  the  rest,  and 
often  very  hairy ;  feet  of  the  other  legs  with  double  nails ;  hinder 
wings  somewhat  orbiculate-triangulate,  with  the  internal  margin 
excavated  to  receive  the  abdomen ;  the  middle  cell  closed  behind, 
from  which  part  the  nervures  radiate ;  the  outer  margin  entire, 
or  with  acute  or  obtuse  indentations.  (Leach) 

Obs.  We  adopt  the  generic  name  from  Fabricius.  It  is  the 
Maniola  of  Schrank,  Satyrus  of  Latreille,  and  of  course,  Papilio 
of  Linne.     The  genus  is  numerous  in  species,  and  the  wings  of 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  81 

many  are  beautifully  ornamented  with  eye-like  spots.  The  cater- 
pillar is  downy  and  bimucronate  behind.  The  pupa  is  suspended 
by  the  tail ;  it  is  angulated,  bimucronate  on  the  front. 

Hipparchia  anpromacha. — Specific  character.  Wings 
brown,  with  sub-marginal  blackish  spot ;  beneath  paler,  sub- 
perlaceous,  with  a  series  of  ocellate  spots. 

Oreas  marmorea  Andromacha  Hubner. 

Desc.  Body  above,  and  the  superior  surface  of  the  wings, 
brown  :  anterior  wings  beyond  the  middle,  with  a  broad  paler 
band,  bifid  before,  and  including  a  series  of  four  fuscous  oval 
spots,  or  epupillate  ocelhe,  of  which  the  second,  and  sometimes 
the  third,  are  small,  and  the  posterior  one  largest ;  between  the 
band  and  the  exterior  edge  is  a  single  narrow  pale  line,  sometimes 
obsolete ;  exterior  edge  alternately  white  and  black  :  posterior 
wings  with  a  narrow,  fuscous,  angulated  line  across  the  middle, 
and  a  broad  pale  band  beyond  the  middle,  in  which  is  a  series  of 
five  fuscous  epupillate  ocellje,  with  a  yellow  iris,  the  third  smallest, 
then  the  fifth,  the  first  being  largest ;  exterior  margin  slightly 
tinged  with  rufous,  and  with  one  or  two  fuscous  lines :  beneath 
perlaceous,  with  a  brown  narrow  band  before  the  middle,  and 
another  rather  beyond  the  middle ;  beyond  which,  is  a  broad 
lighter  perlaceous  band,  in  which,  on  the  superior  wings  are  four 
epupillate  ocellse,  the  two  or  three  anterior  ones  small ;  and  on 
the  inferior  wings  are  six  ocellate  spots,  consisting  of  a  fuscous 
spot  surrounded  by  a  yellow  line,  and  having  a  white  pupil  j  first 
spot  distant,  third  small,  fifth  double ;  exterior  margin  with  a 
yellow  line. 

Obs.  Two  specimens  of  this  insect  were  presented  to  me  by 
Mr.  Thomas  Nuttall,  who  obtained  them  in  Arkansaw.  It  seems 
probable,  that  they  also  inhabit  the  southern  Atlantic  States,  as 
Hubner  has  given  a  plate  of  the  insect.  It  has  not  been  found 
so  far  north  as  Pennsylvania. 

SPECTRUM.     Plate  XXXVII.  and  XXXVIII. 

Generic  character.  Body  elongated,  slender,  cylindrical ;  head 
slightly  inclined,  oval ;  antennae  long,  slender,  with  numerous 
joints,  inserted  before  the  eyes;  palpi  cylindrical,  short;  labium 
quadrifid,  the  two  inner  divisions  shortest ;  feet  simple,  the  ante- 

6 


82  AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

rior   pair  being  similar  to  the  others ;  tarsi  five-jointed ;  elytra 
very  short  or  none. 

Ohs.  We  are  told  that  there  was  a  time,  when  a  piece  of  wood 
was  transformed  into  a  serpent,  and  even  in  the  present  age  of 
knowledge,  a  hair  fallen  from  the  mane  or  tail  of  a  horse  into  a 
stream  of  water,  is  believed  by  many  to  become  animated  into  a 
distinct  being ;  dead  leaves  shed  by  the  parent  tree  are  said  to 
change  gradually  into  animals  of  singular  shape,  and  to  have 
changed  their  place  of  abode  under  the  eye  of  the  historian  who 
related  the  wonderful  tale ;  dead  sticks  also  were  said  to  sprout 
legs,  to  move  from  place  to  place,  and  perform  all  the  functions 
of  a  living  body.  These,  and  a  thousand  other  equally  ridiculous 
tales,  were  at  one  period  or  another,  more  or  less  generally  ad- 
mitted as  indisputable  truths,  and  to  contradict  them  would  only 
be  to  expose  oneself  to  the  imputation  of  ignorance  or  criminal 
faithlessness.  And  although  at  present  the  possibility  of  making 
a  living  serpent  out  of  wood,  and  the  story  of  animated  leaves 
and  sticks  would  be  despised  as  absurd,  yet  many  are  to  be  found, 
both  in  Europe  and  America,  who  firmly  believe  in  the  reanima- 
tion  of  a  horsehair.  But  the  most  obvious  errors  have  often  a 
shadow  of  truth  whereon  to  rest,  or  palliate,  if  not  excuse  them 
by  the  plea  of  ignorance  or  mistake.  The  historian  of  the  walk- 
ing leaf  may  have  been  deceived  by  the  Mantis  siccifolium  of 
Linne,  the  wings  of  which  have  some  resemblance  to  a  leaf. 
The  Gordius  resembles  a  horsehair,  and  no  doubt  gave  rise  to 
the  story  of  the  metamorphosis  above  mentioned,  and  the  account 
of  the  walking  sticks  may  have  very  honestly  originated  from  the 
singular  appearance  and  form  of  some  insects  of  the  present 
genus.  These  are  long,  slender  and  cylindrical ;  and  on  a  first 
view  it  is  not  a  little  difficult  to  reconcile  their  appearance  to  our 
preconceived  ideas  of  the  general  insect  form.  They  are  never- 
theless perfectly  inoffensive,  and  feed  altogether  on  vegetables. 
They  are,  probably,  indebted  for  safety  from  the  attacks  of  their 
enemies  the  birds,  to  their  deceptive  appearance,  and  by  their 
general  similarity  in  point  of  color  to  the  object  on  which  they 
rest. 

Spectrum  femoratum. — Specific  character.  Apterous;  in- 
termediate thighs  dilated,  angulated,  and  with  the  posterior 
thighs  armed  with  a  spine  near  the  tip  beneath. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  83 

Desc. — Male.  Body  greenish-brown,  without  any  rudiment  of 
henielytra ;  head  yellowish  with  three  dilated  fuscous  vittae ; 
antennae  brown  :  anterior  thighs  unarmed,  simple,  bright  green : 
tibia  dull  green,  tip  and  tarsus  testaceous ;  intermediate  thighs 
dilated,  angulated,  pale  ochreous,  annulated  with  brown,  the  in- 
ferior angulated  lines  slightly  serrated;  a  prominent,  piceous, 
acute,  robust  spine  beneath  near  the  tip  ;  tibiae  greenish,  slightly 
serrated  on  the  inner  side;  tarsus  testaceous;  posterior  thighs 
brownish,  ochreous,  with  a  prominent,  piceous,  acute,  robust  spine 
near  the  tip  beneath. 

Female.  Body  cinereous,  more  robust  than  that  of  the  male  : 
thighs  nearly  equal,  intermediate  and  posterior  pairs  with  the 
subterminal  spines  very  short. 

Obs.  I  first  published  an  account  of  this  species  in  "  Long's 
second  Expedition,"  from  a  male  specimen  obtained  near  the 
Falls  of  Niagara  on  a  Hickory  tree.  I  had  previously  found  an 
individual  in  Missouri,  and  recently  on  a  journey  with  Mr. 
Maclure,  I  found  several  specimens  on  the  sheltered  face  of  a 
rock  at  Franklin,  New  Jersey;  amongst  these  was  the  female 
which  we  now  make  known. 

Since  the  above  was  written,  Mr.  Charles  Pickering,  of  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  has  informed  me  that  he  obtained  an  individual 
near  that  city. 

The  left  figure  of  the  plate  represents  the  female. 

The  right  hand  figure,  the  male. 

Spectrum  bivittatum. — Specific  character.  Brown  or  black- 
ish, with  two  yellow  dorsal  vittae. 

Desc. — Male.  Body  above  black,  with  two  broad  yellow  vittas 
extending  from  the  base  of  the  antennae  to  the  posterior  ex- 
tremity of  the  body  :  antennae  dull  reddish  brown,  not  much 
elongated  :  beneath  dull  yellowish  clay  color :  feet  dusky,  thighs 
unarmed,  blackish  towards  the  tip. 

Female,  much  larger  than  the  male,  the  body  brownish  in 
those  parts  which  on  the  male  are  black,  with  the  exception  of 
the  vertebral  line  which  is  black ;  the  yellow  vittae  become  some- 
times obsolete  towards  the  posterior  part  of  the  body :  thighs 
unarmed. 

Obs.  The  disparity  of  size  between  the  sexes  of  this  species 
would  almost  lead  us  to  doubt  their  specific  identity,  or  at  least 


84  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

it  would  induce  us  to  believe  that  the  diminutive  male  is  no  other 
than  the  young  of  the  female  he  accompanies  as  a  mate. 

On  a  journey  to  Florida  with  Mr.  Maclure,  I  obtained  a  female 
which  was  crawling  up  the  body  of  an  Orange  tree  on  Cumber- 
land Island,  Georgia.  The  male  I  had  not  seen  until  the  recent 
return  of  Mr.  T.  Peale  from  that  country,  who  brought  many 
individuals  of  both  sexes.  He  observed  them  in  plenty  in  the 
southern  part  of  that  region.  They  were  generally  in  pairs,  on 
the  Palmetto,  lying  close  to  the  rib  of  the  leaf.  Mr.  Peale  re- 
marked that  when  taken  they  discharge  a  milky  fluid,  from  two 
pores  of  the  thorax,  diffusing  a  strong  odor,  in  a  great  measure 
like  that  of  the  common  Gnapthalium,  or  "  Life  everlasting  ;" 
and  as  this  plant  was  growing  near  the  place  where  they  occurred, 
he  supposed  that  it  constituted  at  least  part  of  their  food.  They 
vary  much  in  color,  but  it  is  believed  that  the  two  dorsal  yellow 
stripes  are  never  wanting. 

The  upper  figure  of  the  plate  represents  the  male. 

The  lower  figure,  the  female. 

LANGURIA.     Plate  XXXIX. 

Generic  character.  Body  rather  slender,  cylindrical;  antenna.' 
with  a  gradually  formed  club  of  five  or  six  joints;  palpi  filiform, 
terminal  joint  of  the  labials  a  little  larger  than  the  others ; 
mandibles  bifid  at  tip ;  maxilla?  with  horny  teeth ;  tarsi  with 
dense  hairs  beneath  the  three  basal  joints,  the  third  bilobate. 

Obs.  The  manners  and  habits  of  these  insects  are  but  little 
known,  and  as  the  species  are  chiefly  North  American,  it  is  with 
our  entomologists  that  the  task  of  investigating  them  will  rest. 
They  have  been  said  to  frequent  flowers,  and  I  can  corroborate 
the  truth  of  the  remark,  by  stating  that  I  have  frequently  found 
them  on  flowers  myself;  but  as  Latreille  observes,  if  they  feed 
only  on  the  contents  of  the  nectary,  to  what  use  can  the  horny 
teeth  be  applied  with  which  their  jaws  are  furnished  ?  This  is 
a  very  limited  genus ;  Fabricius  described  three  species  in  his 
last  work  on  insects  of  this  order,  two  from  Sumatra  under  the 
names  of  Trogosita  elongata  and  filiformis,  and  the  other  from 
North  America,  under  that  of  Trogosita  bicolor.  He  perceived 
that  they  did  not  altogether  correspond  with  the  other  species  of 
the  group  to  which  he  referred  them,  for  when  describing  the 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  85 

latter  species,  he  expressly  states,  that  in  its  elongated  and  cylin- 
drical appearance  it  differed  from  Tenebrio,  and  that  it  ought 
perhaps  to  form  a  distinct  genus.  Latreille  finally  established  a 
genus  under  the  name  we  have  adopted,  in  his  "  Histoirc  Natu- 
rclle  des  Crustaces  et  Insectes,"  for  the  reception  of  the  blcolor. 
In  his  "  Genera  Crustaceorum  et  Insectorum,"  he  described  an- 
other under  the  name  of  L.  Mozardi;  and  in  the  pages  of  the 
"  Journal  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia," 
I  increased  the  number  to  six,  by  the  publication  of  two  new 
species. 

Languria  bicolor. — Specific  character.  Black,  slender  : 
thorax  rufous,  with  a  dilated  black  vitta. 

Trogosita  bicolor  Fabr.  Syst.  Eleut.  part  1,  p.  152. 

Laguria  bicolor  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  Crust,  et  Ins.  12,  p.  35. 
Genera  Crust,  et  Ins.  3,  p.  65.  pi.  11,  fig.  11.  Lam.  An.  sans 
Vert.  4,  p.  289. 

Desc.  Body  piceous-black,  slender :  head  dark  piceous,  with 
very  obvious  punctures :  thorax  pale  yellowish-rufous,  with  ob- 
vious, rather  distant  punctures,  and  a  dilated  vitta  of  a  dark 
piceous  color,  occupying  about  one-third  of  the  surface  :  elytra 
black,  with  strongly  impressed  striae  of  punctures :  pectus  pale 
yellowish  rufous  :  postpectus  black  :  feet  blackish-piceous  :  venter 
piceous. 

Obs.  It  may  be  distinguished  from  the  puncticollis,  to  which 
it  is  perhaps  most  closely  allied,  aside  from  its  colors  and  more 
elongated  form,  by  the  obvious  punctures  of  the  head  and  thorax, 
as  well  as  by  the  more  deeply  impressed  punctures  of  the  striae 
and  the  approximation  of  the  strias  to  each  other. 

The  lowest  figure  of  the  plate. 

[Latreille  was  the  first  to  apply  the  name  of  Fabricius  to  this 
species  with  which  his  description  by  no  means  agrees  :  other 
authors  have  copied  his  error.  I  have  named  it  L.  Latreille) ' ; 
vide  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.  7, 160.— Lec] 

Languria  Mozardi. — Specific  character.  Rufous  ;  antennae, 
elytra,  and  feet  black. 

Languria  Mozardi  Latr.  Genera  Crust,  et  Ins.  3,  p.  66. 
Lamarck  An.  sans  Vert.  4,  p.  290. 

Desc.  Body  pale  rufous,  glabrous :  antennae  dark  piceous : 
thorax  immaculate :  elytra  punctured ;  the  punctures  placed  in 


86  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

regular  series,  deeply  impressed,  but  without  impressed  striae  : 
feet  black ;  thighs  pale-rufous  at  base ,  tibiae  with  a  slight  rufous 
tinge  :  venter  with  the  three  posterior  segments  black. 

Obs.  This  species  was  first  described  by  Latreille  in  his  ela- 
borate and  important  work  entitled  "  Genera  crustaceerum  et 
insectorum."  The  specific  name  is  that  of  the  donor.  The 
Mozardi  has  not  been  hitherto  figured. 

The  left  figure  of  the  plate. 

Languria  puncticollis. — Specific  character.  Rufous;  an- 
tennae, thoracic  spot,  elytra  and  feet  black. 

L.  puncticollis  nobis,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  3,  p.  462. 

Desc.  Body  rufous :  antennas  and  palpi  black:  thorax  with  a 
small,  round,  black  spot  on  the  middle,  and  an  abbreviated,  in- 
dented line  upon  the  basal  margin  each  side  of  the  middle ;  ely- 
tra with  rather  slight  striae  of  impressed  points,  black,  slightly 
tinged  with  blue  :  feet  entirely  black  :  venter,  terminal  segment, 
black. 

Obs.  I  obtained  this  species  on  the  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
river,  above  the  confluence  of  the  Ohio.  It  somewhat  resembles 
L.  bicolor  Fabr.,  but  is  more  robust. 

The  upper  figure  of  the  plate. 

Languria  trifasciata. — Specific  character.  Rufous;  head 
black  :  elytra  bifasciate  with  violaceous. 

L.  %-fasciata  nobis,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.   Sc.  iii.  p.  462. 

Desc.  Body  rufous,  punctured  :  head  black  :  antennae,  with 
the  third,  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth  joints,  dull  rufous  :  thorax 
immaculate :  elytra  with  a  violaceous  base  and  tip ;  each  band 
occupying  about  one-third  of  the  entire  length ;  with  striae  of 
punctures  :  feet  pale  :  venter  at  the  tip,  and  obsoletely  at  base, 
black. 

Obs.  This  species  was  also  found  on  the  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, above  the  entrance  of  the  Ohio  river.  It  is  about  equal  in 
size  to  the  L.  Mozardi  Latr. 

The  right  figure  of  the  plate. 

PAPILIO.     Plate  XL. 
For  generic  characters,  see  the  article  on  Papilio  Philenor. 
[ante  p.  1.] 

Obs.  In  pursuance  of  his  attempt  to  unite  natural  and  civil  his- 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  87 

tory,  Linne  divided  his  vast  genus  Papilio  into  several  families,  of 
which  he  named  the  first  Equites  or  Knights.  This  family,  con- 
taining some  of  the  largest  and  most  beautiful  of  the  insect  tribes, 
was  subdivided  into  Trojans  and  Greeks.  The  former  were  dis- 
tinguished by  red  spots  on  the  breast. 

The  P.  Philenor  which  we  have  already  represented,  belongs  to 
the  division  of  Trojans.  But  this  arrangement  has  been  abandoned 
by  modern  authors,  who  apply  the  name  of  Papilio  only  to  the 
Linnasan  Equites,  subdividing  the  genus  into  those  which  have 
the  inferior  wings  elongated  behind  in  the  form  of  a  tail,  and 
those  which  have  them  simply  rounded  in  that  part. 

Much  has  been  said  and  written  relative  to  the  acuteness  of 
the  sensation  of  pain  in  insects,  and  whatever  may  have  a  ten- 
dency to  prevent  acts  of  wanton  barbarity  ought  certainly  to  be 
encouraged,  as  far  as  it  is  conformable  to  truth,  but  not  further. 
The  poet's  assertion,  that  the  worm,  crushed  beneath  the  foot  of 
the  passenger,  "  feels  a  pang  as  great  as  when  a  giant  dies,"  can- 
not be  substantiated,  and  proves  nothing,  therefore,  but  that  the 
author  declared  positively  what  he  merely  believed  or  imagined 
to  be  true.  My  opinion,  to  the  contrary  of  all  this,  is  founded  on 
such  facts  as  the  following.  I  caught  an  insect  belonging  to  the 
present  genus,  and  having  impaled  it,  by  passing  a  pin  vertically 
through  its  body,  it  escaped  from  nryjiand.  The  pin  being  light, 
and  no  injurious  pressure  having  been  exerted  on  its  body,  the 
insect  flew,  apparently  with  its  usual  facility,  to  a  flower,  and  un- 
rolling its  elongated  proboscis,  proceeded  to  extract  the  sweet 
fluid  from  the  nectary,  as  if  no  mortal  wound  had  been  inflicted. 

The  plant  represented  in  the  plate,  is  the  Aquilegia  canadensis. 

Papilio  Turnus. — Specific  character.  Wings  tailed,  yellow 
with  a  black  margin  and  abbreviated  bands ;  angle  of  the  tail 
fulvous. 

Papilio  Turnus  Linn.  Fabr.  Goeze,  Entom.  Beytr.  iii.  p.  71. 
Herbst.  Natursyst.  Ins.  iii.  p.  136,  pi.  41,  fig.  3,  4.  Hubner,  pi. 
fig.  1,  2.     Palis,  de  Beauv.  p.  119,  pi.  2,  b.  fig.  1,  1. 

Papilio  caudatus  maximus  Carolinian  us,  Umbris  striisque 
nigris.     Catesb.  Carolina,  2,  pi.  83. 

Papilio^Alcidamas  Cram.  i.  p.  62,  pi.  38,  figs.  A,  B. — Goeze, 
Entom.  Beytr.  iii.  p.  77. 


88  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Der  Kaiserschmetterling     Muller,  Nat.  Syst.  Supp.  p.  284  and 
496.  (Herbst.) 

Desc.  Body  above  black,  with  a  yellow  line  each  side,  passing- 
over  the  origin  of  the  wings,  and  over  the  head  each  side  before 
the  eyes  :  superior  wings  yellow,  costal  margin  black  with  four 
black  bands,  of  which  the  three  exterior  ones  are  abbreviated ; 
exterior  broad  margin  black  with  a  series  of  small  white  spots  and 
white  crenulations  on  the  edge  :  beneath,  the  colors  are  paler,  and 
the  dots  of  the  exterior  margin  are  much  larger :  inferior  wings 
yellow ;  posterior  portion  black,  with  six  lunules  on  the  margin 
yellow,  the  first  and  last  fulvous,  the  edge  deeply  crenated,  the 
crenations  white  ;  anal  angle  fulvous  edged  with  white,  and  with 
a  bright  green  lunule  above,  and  one  or  two  green  spots  near  it ; 
disk,  with  an  oblique  black  band,  proceeding  from  the  basal  band 
of  the  superior  wings,  abbreviated  near  the  black  portion  of  the 
wing,  and  curving  round  and  returning  upward  along  the  inner 
margin  :  tail  moderate  ;  beneath  somewhat  like  the  superior  page, 
but  the  radiating  lines  proceeding  from  the  discoidal  cellule  are 
black,  the  marginal  lunules  are  much  larger,  and  have  a  large  ful- 
vous spot  in  the  middle  of  each,  the  black  portion  is  much  tinged 
with  green,  and  there  are  about  four  fulvous  spots  above  it :  pec- 
tus yellow,  with  two  oblique  lateral  black  lines. 

Obs.  This  beautiful,  though  very  common  insect,  has  already 
been  noticed  by  many  authors,  who,  for  the  most  part,  unite  their 
testimony  in  favor  of  its  similarity  to  the  P.  Machaon  Fabr.,  of 
Europe.  This  correspondence  is,  however,  only  a  general  one, 
for  on  a  particular  comparison,  a  sufficient  difference  will  be  evi- 
dent. It  is  found  as  far  north  as  Maine,  from  whence  I  have  re- 
ceived a  specimen  sent  by  Mr.  E.  Holmes,  of  Gardineer  Lyceum. 
The  annexed  plate  represents  this  species  in  two  positions. 

ENOPLIUM.     Plate  XLI. 

Generic  character.  Three  last  joints  of  the  antennas  dilated 
forming  a  deeply  serrated  mass  ;  the  fourth,  fifth,  sixth,  seventh, 
and  eighth  joints  very  small  :  palpi  prominent  securiform  ; 
body  cylindrical ;  tarsi  with  but  four  very  obvious  joints  :  penul- 
timate joint  bilobate. 

Obs.  The  species  that  compose  this  genus  were  separated  by 
Latreille,  from  the  genus   Tithes  of  Olivier  and   Fabricius,  from 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  89 

the  circumstance  that  the  ultimate  joints  of  the  antennae,  only, 
form  a  serrated  mass,  and  that  the  tarsi  have  but  four  very  obvi- 
ous joints.  Dejean  mentions  but  two  species  as  inhabitants  of 
Europe  ;  we  have  here  given  four  species,  but  it  would  seem  that 
the  genus  might  be  divided  with  advantage  to  the  student,  for 
whose  convenience  also  it  ought  perhaps  to  be  removed  to  the 
Tetramera,  together  with  several  kindred  genera. 

Enoplium  onustum. — Specific  character.  Black ;  thorax  red, 
with  two  black  lines;  elytra  margined  with  yellowish. 

E.  marginatum  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  iii.  p.  187. 

Desc.  Body  black,  hairy,  punctured  :  labrum  and  basal  joints 
of  the  palpi,  pale  :  thorax  red,  with  two  dilated  longitudinal  black 
lines  confluent  behind  :  elytra  with  a  yellowish  margin,  suture  and 
base  :  thighs  pale. 

Obs.  This  insect  frequently  occurs  in  Pennsylvania :  I  have 
also  obtained  it  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  and  Mr.  John  P.  Brace,  of 
Connecticut,  presented  me  with  an  individual  taken  in  that  State. 
It  resembles  the  E.  pilosum  Forst.,  but  is  readily  distinguished 
by  the  yellowish  margin  of  the  elytra. 

I  have  been  informed  by  Count  Dejean,  that  the  specific  name 
marginatum,  is  preoccupied  in  this  genus,  I  therefore  substitute  the 
present  appellation. 

The  upper  left  figure  of  the  plate. 

[This  is  a  variety  of  E.  pilosum. — Lec] 

Enoplium  pilosum. — Specific  character.  Black;  thorax  red, 
with  two  black  lines. 

Lampyris  pilosa  Forst.  Nov.  Ins.  p.  49. 

Desc.  Body  shining  black,  covered  with  very  short  hairs, 
punctured  :  labrum  dull  testaceous :  thorax  bright  sanguineous, 
with  two  broad  longitudinal  black  vittae  approaching  each  other 
to  the  posterior  margin,  where  they  are  confluent  ;  anterior  mar- 
gin yellowish,  interrupted  by  the  black  vittse;  elytra  entirely 
black,  opake,  immaculate ;  wings  black. 

Obs.  The  very  great  similarity  between  the  preceding  and  the 
present  species,  would  almost  persuade  us  that  they  are  merely 
varieties  of  one  species ;  nevertheless,  as  they  seem  to  be  constant, 
in  their  respective  characters,  we  consider  them  as  distinct, 
though  closely  allied  species. 

The  lower  right  figure  of  the  plate. 


90  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Enoplium  damicorne. — Specific  character.  Black  ;  thorax 
rufous,  slightly  edged  with  black. 

Tillus  damicomis  Fabr.,  Syst.  Eleut.  i.  p.  282. 

E.  thoracicum  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences. 

Desc.  Body  black,  hairy,  punctured,  cylindrical  :  antennae  with 
the  terminal  joint  narrowed  near  the  tip  on  the  inner  side  :  thorax 
rufous,  lateral  and  posterior  edges  black  :  pectus  rufous :  elytra 
black  with  a  slight  purplish  tinge,  immaculate  ;  punctures  large, 
profound,  approximate,  and  behind  the  middle  small,  confluent. 

Obs.  This  insect  is  an  inhabitant  of  the  greater  part  of  the 
Union.  I  have  obtained  specimens  in  Missouri.  In  my  account 
of  the  species  as  above  quoted,  I  made  the  following  remark  :  "  I 
should  consider  it  the  same  as  the  Tillus  damicomis  of  Fabr.  but 
that,  in  the  description  of  that  insect,  the  author  mentions  but 
two  dilated  joints  of  the  antennae,  whereas  in  ours  there  are  three 
dilated  joints."  Notwithstanding  this  remark,  it  agrees  with  it 
so  well  in  other  respects,  that  on  further  consideration,  I  think 
we  may  safely  refer  it  to  the  damicorne,  and  admit  that  Fabri- 
cius  was  mistaken  in  the  number  of  dilated  joints.  Latreille,  in 
his  Histoire  Naturelle,  &c.  abserves,  that  "  Le  tille  damicorne  de 
Fabricius  differe  peu,  or  presque  point  de  cette  espece,  (E.  Weberi) 
a  en  juger  par  les  phrases  specifiques." 

The  upper  right  figure  of  the  plate. 

[Belongs  to  Orthopleura  Spin. — Lec] 

Enoplium  quadripunctatum. — Specific  character.  Black  . 
elytra  sanguineous,  with  four  black  dots. 

E.  4-punctatum  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  iii.  p.  188. 

Desc.  Body  black,  somewhat  hairy,  punctured  :  thorax  de- 
pressed, subquadrate,  not  contracted  behind;  angles  rounded, 
punctures  confluent  each  side  :  scutel  black  :  elytra  sanguineous, 
each  with  two  black,  orbicular,  subequal  dots,  one  before,  and 
the  other  behind  the  middle. 

Obs.  This  species  is  subject  to  vary  in  the  size  of  the  spots  on 
its  elytra,  those  of  some  specimens  which  I  obtained  in  Arkan- 
saw,  being  much  larger  than  I  have  ever  observed  them  on  those 
of  this  State. 

The  middle  figure  of  the  plate,  the  lower  left  figure  represents 
the  variety. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  91 


POMPILUS.    Plate  XLII. 


Generic  character.  Labrum  inserted  under  the  nasus ;  eyes 
entire  ;  stemniata  three  ;  antennse  as  long  as  the  head  and  trunk, 
in  the  female  convoluted  towards  the  tip ;  mandibles  unarmed, 
or  with  one  or  two  teeth ;  maxilliary  palpi  longer  than  the 
labials,  three  last  joints  nearly  of  equal  length ;  superior  wings 
not  folded  longitudinally ;  radial  cellule  of  moderate  size  ;  cubital 
cellules  three,  the  first  elongated ;  second  and  third  subequal, 
nearly  square,  receiving  the  two  recurrent  nervures ;  fourth  cell- 
ule rudimental ;  feet  elongated. 

Obs.  These  insects  associate  by  pairs,  and  make  their  nests  in 
the  earth.  The  female  digs  a  hole  in  a  sunny  bank  or  declivity ; 
when  this  is  accomplished,  she  goes  in  search  of  a  spider  or  a 
catapillar,  which  she  punctures  with  her  sting,  and  places  at  the 
bottom  of  her  nest.  Having  deposited  an  egg,  either  in  or  upon 
the  prey,  she  closes  the  hole  with  earth,  and  abandons  it.  The 
young,  hatched  from  the  egg,  has  an  abundant  and  convenient 
supply  of  food,  in  the  body  of  the  interred  insect.  Descending 
the  Arkansaw  river,  with  Major  Long's  party,  I  was  one  day 
surprised  to  see  a  species  of  this  genus,  dragging  along  the 
ground  the  body  of  the  gigantic  Bird-catching  spider,  the  Mygale 
avicularia,  or  a  very  closely  allied  species. 

These  insects  are  lively  and  active,  flying  rapidly  from  place  to 
place  for  short  distances,  running  briskly  on  the  earth,  vibrating 
their  antennse,  and  raising  a  little,  and  then  depressing  their 
wings,  which  are  reclined  upon  the  back. 

The  female  is  armed  with  a  sting,  and  may  be  distinguished 
from  the  male  by  having  twelve  joints  to  the  antennse,  whilst 
those  of  the  male  have  thirteen  joints. 

Latreille  was  the  first  to  separate  this  group  from  Sphex,  under 
the  name  of  Psammochares,  but  in  his  subsequent  works,  he 
adopted  the  more  recent  name  of  Pompilus,  given  by  Fabrieius. 

Pompilus  formosus. — Specific  character.  Polished  bluish- 
green  ;  wings  rufous,  with  a  dusky  terminal  submargin. 

Pompilus  formosus  nobis,  Western  Quarterly  Reporter,  ii.  p.  76. 

Desc.  Body  bright  greenish,  a  little  tinged  with  bluish,  and 
in  some  lights  changing  to  dull  purplish,  sericeous  :  antennse 
black  :  feet   black  with  a  green   reflection  :  wings  bright  golden 


92  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

rufous  ;  at  the  extreme  base,  black  ;  terminal  submargiu  of  the 
superiores,  and  terminal  and  inner  submargins  of  tlie  inferiores, 
dusky  ;  the  corresponding  margins  pale. 

Obs.  This  large  and  splendid  species  occurred  within  a  hun- 
dred miles  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  on  the  banks  of  the  Arkan- 
saw  river.  It  was  not  uncommon,  and  in  consequence  of  the 
striking  color  of  the  wings,  as  well  as  of  its  slow  and  steady  flight, 
it  was  readily  observed  and  taken.  It  was  occasionally  found 
perched  on  flowers,  in  company  with  Stizus  grandis  nobis,  and 
other  Hymenopterus  insects.  The  strongest  similarity  certainly 
exists  between  the  P.  formosus  here  represented,  and  the  Pcpsis 
marginata  Beauv.,  but  that  species  is  so  much  larger,  that  we 
cannot  believe  it  to  be  the  same. 

The  upper  figure  of  the  plate. 

[This  species  extends  as  far  as  San  Diego,  California. — Lec] 

Pompilus  unifasciatus. — Specific  character.  Black  ;  an- 
tennae and  large  wing  spot,  yellow. 

Desc.  Body  black,  tinged  with  purplish  :  antennae,  excepting 
the  first  and  second  joints,  bright  yellow :  wings  violaceous- 
black  ;  superior  pair  with  a  broad  yellowish  band  or  spot  near 
the  tip  of  each,  abbreviated  before  the  inner  margin,  and  of  a 
subquadrate  or  nearly  orbicular  form. 

Obs.  On  a  recent  journey,  in  company  with  Mr.  Maclure,  I 
had  the  gratification  to  find  this  handsome  species  in  the  vicinity 
of  Easton,  Pennsylvania.  I  have  not  seen  it  elsewhere.  Only  a 
single  specimen  occurred,  which  is  a  female. 

The  middle  figure  of  the  plate 

Pompilus  terminatus. — Specific  character.  Black  ;  wings 
pale  fulvous,  with  a  dusky  tip. 

Desc.  Body  black,  with  a  slight  purplish  tinge  :  antennae  black  : 
superior  wings  pale  fulvous,  with  a  broad  dusky  tip :  inferior 
wings  paler. 

Obs.  This  species  was  brought  by  Major  Long's  party.  I 
caught  it  near  the  Arkansaw  river,  about  two  hundred  miles 
from  the  Rocky  Mountains.  But  one  specimen  occurred,  which 
is  a  female.  In  the  proportion  and  distribution  of  the  colors  of  the 
wings,  it  resembles  P.  discolor  and  annidatus  Fabr.,  but  in  mag- 
nitude and  color  of  the  body  it  is  very  distinct. 

The  lower  figure  of  the  plate. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  93 


TETYRA.     Plate  XLIII. 

Generic  character.  Thorax  very  narrow  before ;  scutel  elon- 
gated, longer  than  broad,  not  covering  the  sides  of  the  tergum  ; 
head  immersed  to  the  eyes  in  the  thorax ;  antennae  five-jointed, 
second  joint  longer  than  the  third  ;  labrum  very  long,  striated  ; 
rostrum  four-jointed,  the  three  first  joints  subequal ;  tarsi  three- 
jointed,  the  first  joint  longer  than  the  second. 

Obs.  The  genus  Tetyra  was  separated  from  Cimcx  of  Linne, 
by  Fabricius,  to  include  those  species  of  which  the  scutel  is  very 
much  dilated  and  elongated,  and  the  antennae  five-jointed.  As 
instituted  by  that  author,  it  is  perfectly  synonymous  with  ScuteJ- 
lera  of  Lamarck  and  Latreille.  Leech  made  a  different  disposi- 
tion of  these  genera.  He  restricted  the  genus  ScuteUera,  those  to 
species  that  have  the  abdomen  entirely  covered  by  the  scutel ; 
and  the  second  joint  of  the  antennas  shorter  than  the  third  ;  the 
genus  Tetyra  he  limited  so  as  to  include  only  those  of  which  the 
scutel,  though  still  dilated  and  elongated,  does  not  entirely  con- 
ceal the  sides  of  the  abdomen,  and  the  second  joint  of  the  an- 
tennas is  longer  than  the  third.  A  third  closely  allied  genus 
was  distinguished  by  Schrank,  under  the  name  of  Thyreocoris, 
and  adopted  by  Leach.  Its  scutel  is  broader  than  long,  the 
second  joint  of  the  antennas  is  very  short,  and  the  anterior  mar- 
gin of  the  thorax  is  but  little  narrowed. 

Of  all  these  genera,  we  shall  be  able  to  give  examples  in  the 
course  of  the  present  work. 

Tetyra  fimbriata. — Specific  character.  Dark  green  ;  thorax 
with  a  yellow  spotted  patch,  each  side  behind ;  scutel  margined 
with  yellow. 

Dezc.  Body  dark-green,  with  large  punctures  :  clypcus  with 
the  lateral  edges  parallel :  anterior  edge  rufous,  indented  in  the 
middle ;  antennas  and  middle  of  the  rostrum  rufous :  thorax  with 
a  large  yellow  spot  each  side  behind,  including  about  two  dark- 
green  spots,  and  a  brown  one  ;  posterior  angles  a  little  prominent, 
obtuse  :  scutel,  excepting  at  base,  with  a  three-toothed  margin  : 
hemelytra  dark-green  with  a  yellow  lateral  and  posterior  margin, 
the  membranons  portion  dark-violaceous :  feet  rufous ;  thighs 
with  three  narrow  yellow  bands,  the  anterior  pair  one-spined  be- 
neath ;  tibia  with  one  yellow  band,  the  anterior  pair  dilated  to- 


94  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

wards  the  tip :  venter  with  a  transverse  thick  line  in  the  middle, 
and  an  anterior  longitudinal  one ;  lateral  and  posterior  margins 
yellow,  the  former  four-dotted  each  side ;  heyond  the  middle,  are 
two  large,  slightly  indented,  sericeous  spots. 

Obs.  This  singularly  marked  species   is  rare  in  Pennsylvania. 

The  upper  left  figure  of  the  plate. 

Tetyra  cinctipes. — Specific  character.  Dull,  testaceous  ; 
feet  pale,  with  fuscous  spots. 

Desc.  Body  above,  dull,  testaceous,  or  brownish,  with  close 
set,  rather  large,  profound  punctures  :  head  black,  acutely  cari- 
nated,  and  with  a  very  obvious  tubercle  each  side,  near  the  base ; 
tip  emarginated  :  antennse  piceous  :  terminal  joint  somewhat  di- 
lated :  thorax  with  an  obsolete  glabrous  line  near  the  middle,  and 
three  tubercles  on  the  anterior  submargin,  the  intermediate  one 
very  obtuse,  and  sometimes  obsolete ;  anterior  angles  with  a  tu- 
bercle, and  another  on  the  lateral  edge  behind  the  middle  :  an- 
terior thighs,  and  all  the  tibiae  blackish,  with  one  or  two  pale 
bands  :  intermediate  and  posterior  thighs  pale,  with  two  bands, 
and  base  blackish. 

Obs.  Inhabits  the  Middle  States.  It  is  one-quarter  of  an  inch 
in  length. 

The  lower  right  figure  of  the  plate. 

Tetyra  violacea. — Specific  character.  Dark  bluish-viola- 
ceous ;  venter  with  a  fulvous  line  before  the  middle,  and  a  spot 
at  tip. 

Desc.  Body  dark  bluish-violaceous,  with  large  punctures  :  cly- 
peus  with  the  lateral  edge  parallel ;  anterior  edge  indented  in  the 
middle :  thorax,  posterior  angles  rather  prominent,  obtuse  :  ante- 
rior thighs  with  a  prominent  spine  beneath  :  anterior  tibiae  di- 
lated towards  the  tip :  postpectus,  middle  incisures  edged  with 
opake  black :  venter  with  a  bright  fulvous  line  extending  from 
between  the  posterior  feet  to  the  middle,  where  it  is  gradually  a 
little  dilated  :  behind  the  middle  are  two  slightly  indented  large 
sericeous  spots ;  tip  with  a  small  bright  fulvous  spot. 

Obs.  Closely  allied  to  the  preceding;  I  caught  it  on  the  mar- 
gin of  St.  John's  river,  in  East  Florida. 

The  upper  right  figure  of  the  plate. 

Tetyra  alternata. — Specific  character.  Rufous ;  beneath 
yellow ;  scutel  with  minute,  abbreviated  black  lines. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  95 

Desc.  Body  above  rufous,  punctured ;  head  narrowed  before, 
and  rounded  at  tip ;  antennae  rufous,  basal  joint  yellow,  terminal 
joint  fuscous  :  thorax  with  the  posterior  angles  obtusely  rounded : 
scutel  [with  numerous,  very  short,  transverse  black  lines  ;  a 
transverse,  slightly  raised  elliptical  line  at  base,  from  which  pro- 
ceeds a  slightly  carinated  longitudinal  line,  becoming  obsolete 
on  the  middle  :  tip  very  slightly  emarginate  :  hemelytra,  on  the 
coriaceous  portion  marked  by  the  same  minute  lines  as  the 
scutel :  tergum  margined  with  alternating  black,  quadrate  spots  ; 
beneath  yellow :  feet  simple,  rufous  :  venter  with  two  almost  ob- 
solete black  lines  gradually  approaching  each  other  to  the  penul- 
timate segment  where  they  terminate  in  a  common  black  spot. 

Obs.  This  species  inhabits  the  Middle  States,  but  it  does  not 
occur  very  frequently. 

The  lower  left  figure  of  the  plate. 

PHRYGANEA.     Plate  XLIV. 

Generic  character.  Antennae  as  long  as  the  body,  with  nu- 
merous joints;  stemmata  two;  mandibles  none;  palpi  rather 
long :  inferior  wings  larger  than  the  others,  longitudinally 
folded ;  feet  elongated,  spinous  :  tarsi  elongated,  five-jointed,  ter- 
minal joint  with  two  small  nails ;  abdomen  destitute  of  filaments 
at  tip  of  the  tail. 

Obs.  The  greater  number  of  these  insects  venture  forth  upon 
the  wing  during  the  evening  and  night,  and  when  disturbed  in 
their  resting  place  in  the  day,  they  fly  a  short  distance,  and 
again  seek  a  place  of  concealment  and  safety.  They  frequently 
enter  our  houses  in  the  evening,  attracted  by  the  light  of  a  can- 
dle, around  which  they  fly.  The  larva  lives  in  the  water,  and 
the  parents  are  therefore  generally  in  its  vicinity.  Some  spe- 
cies swarm  in  large  flocks,  whilst  others  are  solitary.  They  are 
light  and  active,  and  run  with  much  swiftness.  When  the  fe- 
male is  about  to  deposite  her  eggs,  she  ejects  a  considerable 
number  of  them,  which  remain  attached  together  at  the  extrem- 
ity of  her  abdomen ;  these  she  places  in  a  favorable  situation',  on 
the  stalk  or  leaf  of  a  water-plant,  or  other  object,  from  which  the 
young  larva  may  readily  pass  into  the  water.  Here  it  soon  be- 
gins to  fabricate  a  tubular,  portable  dwelling,  which,  as  respects 
form,  may  be  compared  to  that  of  the  clothes-moth.     This  domi- 


96  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

cil  consists  of  a  silky  matter,  with  various  objects  attached  to 
the  exterior,  such  as  sand  gravel,  small  pieces  of  wood  or  reed, 
&c,  so  proportioned  that  its  weight  exceeds  but  little  that  of 
the  water.  As  the  inhabitant  increases  in  bulk,  the  tube  at 
length  becomes  too  small,  and  is  necessarily  abandoned.  An- 
other, of  suitable  dimensions  is,  however,  soon  constructed,  and 
the  little  animal  is  again  in  a  state  of  security.  This  artisan,  is 
of  a  cylindrical,  somewhat  elongated  form,  consisting  of  twelve 
joints  or  segments;  on  the  fourth  joint  is  generally  a  conic  tu- 
bercle on  each  side,  and  on  the  ultimate  segments  are  two  move- 
able hooks  :  these  projections  from  the  body,  appear  to  be  useful 
as  points  of  support  against  the  sides  of  the  tube.  The  head  is 
of  firm  a  consistence,  furnished  with  strong  mandibles,  and  two 
eyes.  The  feet  are  six  in  number,  and  are  not  natatory,  the  an- 
terior pair  being  shorter  and  thicker  than  the  others,  which  are 
considerably  elongated,  and  not  dilated,  nor  deeply  ciliated. 
Thus  constituted,  the  animal  crawls  at  the  bottom  of  the  water, 
with  the  feet  and  the  anterior  part  of  the  body  protruded  from 
the  tube,  in  search  of  food. 

When  about  to  undergo  the  change  into  the  nymph  state,  the 
larva  affixes  its  tube  to  some  permanent  object.  It  then  pro- 
ceeds to  close  the  ends  of  its  dwelling  by  a  silky  net,  the  meshes 
of  which  are  so  small  as  to  prevent  the  ingress  of  depredating 
insects,  and  yet  sufficiently  large  to  admit  of  a  free  circulation  of 
water  for  the  purpose  of  respiration.  The  head  of  the  nymph  is 
provided  with  a  kind  of  beak,  consisting  of  hooks,  which  are 
used  to  force  a  passage  through  the  net-work.  At  this  period, 
which  occurs  in  fifteen  or  twenty  days  after  the  change  from 
the  larva  state,  its  period  of  immobility  ceases  :  it  departs  from  its 
tube,  and  walks  or  swims  with  activity,  the  feet  being  fringed 
for  the  latter  purpose.  The  young  animal  now,  for  the  first  time 
emerges  from  the  water,  and  seeks  a  dry,  secure  position  for  its 
ultimate  change  here,  after  remaining  at  rest  for  some  minutes, 
to  permit  the  superfluous  moisture  to  evaporate,  it  throws  off  its 
covering,  and  soon  takes  wing  in  search  of  a  mate.  Many  spe- 
cies of  a  smaller  size  proceed  in  a  different  manner ;  the  nymph 
ascends  to  the  surface  of  the  water,  where  it  is  emancipated  from 
its  exuvia,  which  serves  as  a  boat  to  support  the  perfected  insect, 
until  its  wings  are  sufficiently  developed,  dried,  and  prepared  for 
flight. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  97 

The  word  Phryganea  is  derived  from  w>y*w  a  bundle  or 
fagot  of  sticks. 

Phryganea  sUbfasctata. — Specific  character.  Pale  honey- 
yellow  ;  superior  wings  a  little  dusky,  with  two  transverse  black- 
ish spots  on  each. 

P.  subfasciata  nobis,  Long's  Second  Expedition,  vol.  ii.  p.  308. 
Desc.  Body  honey-yellow :  head  a  little  more  tinged  with  ru- 
fous, paler  beneath  ;   antennae  blackish  ;  first  joint  yellowish  on 
the    inner  and  inferior   irides :    superior    wings  dull    ochreous, 
covered  with  bullae,  or  minute  raised  points,  with  a  dusky  inner 
and   terminal    margin ;    on    each  are   two    subequal,  transverse, 
dusky  spots,  the  anterior  one  near  the  middle,  and  connected 
with  the  inner  margin;   the  posterior  one  a  little   undulated, 
placed  nearer  the  anterior  spot,  than  to  the  tip  of  the  wing. 
Variety  a.     Spots  of  the  superior  wings  obsolete,  or  wanting. 
Obs.  Rather  smaller  than  the  preceding  species,  and  very  dis- 
tinct from  it.     It  is   easily  known  by  the   two   striking  dusky 
spots  on  each  superior  wing.     I  obtained  two  or  three  specimens 
during  a  recent  excursion  with  Mr.  Maclure,  into  the  interior  of 
Pennsylvania. 

The  left  middle  figure  of  the  plate. 

Phryganea  dossuaria. — Specific  character.  Wings  with 
the  nervures,  and  dilated  transverse  irregular  lines,  blackish. 

Desc.  Body  pale  yellowish-ochreous :  antennae  dark-brown  : 
stemmata  brown  on  the  inner  side,  white  on  the  exterior  side  : 
superior  wings  yellowish-white,  with  blackish  nervures,  and 
transverse,  somewhat  dilated,  connecting  blackish  lines,  hardly 
forming  bands ;  of  these,  one  forms  a  quadrate  spot  on  the  costal 
margin,  and  one  is  common  near  the  inner  posterior  angle  :  inferior 
wings  with  two  costal  spots  and  terminal  margin  ;  tergum  dusky 
segments  paler  towards  their  tips. 

Obs.  This  species  was  sent  to  me,  with  several  other  interest- 
ing insects,  by  Mr:  Charles  Pickering,  of  Salem. 

Phryganea  semifasciata. — Specific  character.  Superior 
wings  light  ferruginous,  with  irregular  black  lines ;  a  distinct 
black  point  near  the  inner  basal  angle;  inferior  wings  light 
ferruginous. 

P.  semifasciata  nobis,  Western  Quarterly  Report,  vol.  ii.  p.  161. 
Desc.  Body  when  recent,  light  olivaceous-green :   head  dark 

7 


98  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

ferruginous  above :  eyes  dark -brown,  with  a  moveable  black 
pupil :  mouth  pale :  neck  light-green,  with  a  brown,  transverse, 
hirsute  collar  on  the  middle :  thorax  dark  ferruginous,  hairy, 
blackish  each  side :  feet  pale :  superior  wings  dull  ferruginous, 
with  numerous  opake,  transverse,  abbreviated,  black  lines ;  a 
small  black  point  at  the  inner  basal  angle/and  a  small  transverse, 
abbreviated  dusky  line  on  the  inner  margin  a  little  beyond  the 
middle ;  inferior  wings  light  honey-yellow,  a  blackish,  dilated, 
angulated,  semifasciate  line  near  the  tip,  and  a  black,  anterior 
spot  near  the  inner  margin  :  pectus  pale-brownish. 

Obs.  This  species  frequently  occurs  in  various  parts  of  the 
United  States.  It  is  an  inhabitant  of  Pennsylvania  and  New 
Jersey,  and  I  also  found  specimens  near  the  falls  of  the  Ohio 
river ;  and  another  was  sent  to  me  by  Dr.  T.  W.  Harris,  of 
Massachusetts.  A  variety  in  my  cabinet,  is  altogether  destitute 
of  the  semifascia  on  the  inferior  wings. 

The  two  upper  figures. 

Phryganea interrupta. — Specific  character.  Grayish;  su- 
perior wings  with  a  longitudinal  black  line,  and  a  smaller  one 
near  the  tip. 

Desc.  Body  with  grayish  hair :  eyes  fuscous ;  palpi  and  an- 
tennae black ;  superior  wings  gray,  disk  tinged  with  dusky,  a 
black  line  extending  from  the  base  to  near  the  middle  of  the 
terminal  edge,  and  slightly  interrupted  in  its  middle ;  nearer 
the  costal  margin,  and  beyond  the  middle,  is  an  abbreviated  black 
line  :  inner  margin  hoary,  immaculate ;  inferior  wings  dull-ochre- 
ous,  with  a  broad  blackish  tip :  tibiae  dusky :  tarsi  dusky,  the 
joints  pale  at  their  bases. 

Obs.  For  this  pretty  species,  I  am  indebted  to  my  brother,  who 
caught  two  specimens  at  Pleasant  Mills,  New  Jersey. 

The  right  middle  figure  of  the  plate. 

CYCHRUS.     Plate  XLV. 

Generic  character.  Head  narrower  than  the  thorax ;  external 
maxillary  and  labial  palpi  dilated,  compressed,  securiform ;  lab- 
rum  elongated,  very  profoundly  emarginate;  labium  very  large, 
profoundly  emarginate,  not  wider  at  base  than  at  tip ;  mandibles 
narrow,  elongated,  bidentate  near  the  tip ;  thorax  cordate,  slightly, 
or  not  at  all  elevated  each  side,  and  not  extended  behind ;  abdo- 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  99 

men  robust,  convex  ;  elytra  entire,  not  divided  at  the  suture, 
carinate  each  side,  and  embracing  the  sides  of  the  abdomen  ; 
tarsi  alike  in  the  sexes. 

Obs.  This  is  a  limited  genus,  consisting  in  the  time  of  Fabri 
cius,  who  constructed  it,  of  only  five  species.  As  it  now  stands, 
under  the  reforming  hand  of  Latreille  and  Dejean,  it  is  certainly 
more  rigidly  natural.  The  latter  author,  in  his  "  Species  general 
des  Coleopteres,"  describes  nine  species,  and  observes,  that  they 
are  limited,  in  their  geographical  distribution,  to  Europe,  Asiatic 
Russia,  and  North  America ;  that  although  they  are,  strictly 
speaking,  Carabiei,  yet  they  have  so  much  the  habit  of  the 
Hi  t<  romcra,  that  Linne  placed  them  in  his  genus  Tcncbrio. 

They  are  of  a  blackish  color,  glossed  with  a  handsome  metallic 
tint,  chiefly  of  a  purplish  cast.  They  inhabit  beneath  stones, 
and  under  prostrate  logs. 

The  word  Ci/chrvs  is  derived  from  K^of,  the  Greek  name  for 
a  bird. 

Cychrus  viduus. — Specific  character.  Black  ;  elytra  cupre- 
ous-violaceous, polished,  humeral  edge,  and  lateral  margins  of  the 
thorax  reflected,  the  latter  contracted  behind. 

Cyclirus  unicohr  Knoch  neue  Beytrage,  p.  187,  tab.  8,  fig.  1. 

Nobis,  Trans.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  vol.  ii.  new  series,  p.  71. 

Cychrus  riduus  Dejean,  Spec.  Gen.  Coleop.  vol.  ii.  p.  12,  No.  9. 

Desc.  Head  black,  with  a  slight  blue  tinge  :  antennas  brown 
at  tip :  thorax  blackish-blue,  disk  a  little  convex,  and  with  an 
impressed  line ;  lateral  margins  reflected ;  widest  rather  before 
the  middle,  and  narrowed  behind ;  posterior  angles  rounded : 
elytra  bright  coppery-violaceous,  or  dark  purplish,  with  numerous 
striae,  in  which  are  dilated,  confluent  punctures ;  beneath  black. 

Obs.  Probably  the  largest  species  of  the  genus,  and  is  by  no 
means  common.  The  specimen  from  which  the  above  description, 
and  the  annexed  figure  were  taken,  was  presented  to  me  by  Mr. 
William  Hyde  of  Philadelphia,  who  obtained  it  near  the  Susque- 
hanna river.  Two  other  specimens  have  since  come  into  my 
possession. 

This  species  was  first  described  by  Knoch,  under  the  name  of 
unicolor;  supposing  it  to  be  the  same  with  that  of  Fabricius, 
and  on  his  authority,  I  retained  the  appellation  in  my  "  Descrip- 
tions of  the  Carabiei  and  Hydrocanthari;"  but  after  the  publica- 


100  AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

tion  of  that  paper,  being  induced  to  examine  the  descriptions  of 
Fabricius,  and  Olivier,  I  perceived  at  once  that  the  unicolor  of 
Knoch,  was  not  that  of  those  authors.  Under  this  impression, 
I  sent  the  insect  to  Count  Dejean,  under  a  new  name,  which  he 
adopted. 

I  have  been  thus  particular  in  this  statement,  in  order  to  record 
an  opinion  which  I  have  always  entertained,  and  which  every 
observation  tends  to  confirm.  That  it  is  of  no  consequence  what- 
ever, who  gives  a  new  name,  either  in  a  catalogue  or  letter,  or 
attached  to  the  insect  in  his  cabinet,  or  elsewhere ;  but  as  it  is 
the  describer  that  incurs  the  responsibility,  his  name  only  ought 
to  be  quoted  with  that  of  the  insect,  or  other  object  described 
by  subsequent  naturalists. 

Under  the  operation  of  this  principle,  the  present  species  is 
the  C.  viduus  Dejean. 

The  upper  figure  of  the  plate. 

SPH.ERODERUS.    Plate  XLV. 

Generic  character.  Head  narrower  than  the  thorax  ;  external 
maxillary  and  labial  palpi,  with  the  last  joint  dilated,  securiform, 
compressed ;  labrum  elongated,  profoundly  emarginate ;  labium 
very  large,  profoundly  emarginate,  not  wider  at  base  than  at  tip; 
mandibles  elongated,  narrow,  bidentate  near  the  tip ;  the  thorax 
rounded,  not  elevated  on  the  sides,  nor  extended  behind ;  abdo- 
men robust,  convex;  elytra  entire,  not  divided  at  the  suture, 
carinate  each  side,  embracing  the  sides  of  the  abdomen ;  tarsi 
with  the  three  basal  joints,  in  the  male,  dilated. 
•  The  present  group  was  separated  from  Cyclirus,  by  Count 
Dejean,  who  remarks,  that  at  first  view,  they  resemble  some  small 
species  of  Carabus,  and  particularly  the  convexus;  that  in  com- 
parison with  the  true  species  of  the  genus  Cj/c/irus,  the  head  is  a 
little  less  elongated,  the  antennae  a  little  shorter,  and  the  thorax, 
instead  of  being  cordate,  is  rounded,  oval  or  orbicular,  convex, 
not  elevated  on  the  side,  nor  behind;  the  first  and  second  joints 
of  the  anterior  tarsi  in  the  male,  are  much  dilated,  the  first, 
truncate-triangular;  the  second,  quadrate  broader  than  long;  the 
third  is  less  dilated,  cordate. 

The   word    Sphseroderus,   is   derived    from  the   Greek   words 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  101 

2p*iy>*,  sphere,  and  &Apn}  neck,  in  allusion  to  the  form  of  the 
thorax. 

Spii.eroderus  stenostomus. — Specific  character.  Black ; 
elytra  dark  cupreous,  basal  thoracic  lines  distinct. 

Cychrus  stenostomus  Weber.  Obs.  Ent.  p.  43,  Knoch,  neue 
Beytr.  p.  190,  pi.  8,  f.  13.  Schonh.  Sys.  p.  166.  Nobis,  Trans. 
Amor.  Philos.  Soc.  (new  series)  vol.  ii.  72. 

Sphseroderus  stenostomus  Dejean,  Spec.  Cokiopt.  vol.  ii.  p.  15. 

Desc.  Head  black,  glabrous,  impunctured  :  antennas  brownish 
towards  their  tips  :  thorax  black,  tinged  with  blue,  rounded,  widest 
in  the  middle,  contracted  behind ;  base  narrower  than  the  elytra, 
punctured ;  basal  edge  rectilinear ;  dorsal  line  very  distinct ; 
basal  lines  profoundly  impressed,  obtuse,  punctured :  elytra  dark 
cupreous,  striaa  numerous,  obtuse ;  interstitial  lines  narrower 
than  the  striae,  obtuse ;  edge  dark  blue  ;  humeral  edge  not  dilated 
nor  reflected :  epipleura  punctured :  pectus  punctured  at  base  : 
postpectus  and  venter  each  side  at  base,  punctured. 

Obs.  This  species  is  not  uncommon  in  Pennsylvania,  I  have 
also  received  a  specimen  from  Mr.  Charles  Pickering,  taken  in 
Massachusetts. 

The  left  figure  of  the  plate. 

Sphseroderus  bilobus. — Specific  character.  Violaceous; 
beneath  black ;  margins  not  reflected ;  basal  thoracic  lines 
obsolete. 

Cychrus  bilobus  nob.,  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  (new  series) 
vol.  ii.  p.  73. 

Sphseroderus  bilobus  Dejean,  Spec.  Gen.  Coleopt.  vol.  ii.  p.  16. 

Desc.  Body  beneath  black  :  head  black,  with  a  slight  viola- 
ceous tint :  antennae  and  palpi  pale  piceous  :  thorax  cupreous- 
violaceous,  polished,  broadest  rather  before  the  middle,  much 
narrowed  behind  ;  lateral  margin  not  dilated  nor  reflected ;  base 
depressed  and  much  punctured ;  basal  lines  obsolete ;  basal  edge 
rectilinear,  not  wider  than  the  pedicle  of  the  postpectus  ;  disk 
somewhat  bilobated,  being  convex  each  side,  and  gradually  in- 
dented in  the  middle  by  the  dorsal  line ;  anterior  margin  de- 
pressed, and  rugose  in  the  middle  :  elytra  cupreous-violaceous, 
strias  numerous,  punctured :  pectus  beneath,  postpectus  and  ab- 
domen each  side,  punctured. 

Obs.  This   is  somewhat  smaller    than    the    stenostomus,  from 


102  AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

which  jt  is  very  distinct,  and  is  the  most  brilliant  species  we 
have.  I  have  not  yet  met  with  it  in  the  Atlantic  States.  The 
first  specimen  was  obtained  in  Missouri,  and  I  caught  another  in 
the  North- Western  Territory,  when  travelling  over  that  region 
with  Major  Long's  party. 

The  right  figure  of  the  plate. 

SCAPHINOTUS.     Plate  XLV. 

Generic  character.  Head  narrower  than  the  thorax;  external 
maxillary,  and  labial  palpi,  with  the  last  joint  dilated,  compressed, 
securiform ;  lab  rum  elongated,  profoundly  emarginate ;  labium 
very  large,  profoundly  emarginate,  not  wider  at  base  than  at  tip; 
mandibles  elongated,  narrow,  bidentate  near  the  tip ;  thorax  with 
the  lateral  margins  reflected,  posterior  angles  extended ;  elytra 
entire,  not  divided  at  the  suture,  prominently  carinate  each  side, 
and  embracing  the  sides  of  the  abdomen ;  tarsi  with  the  three 
basal  joints  of  the  anterior  feet  a  little  dilated  in  the  male. 

Obs.  Separated  by  Latreille,  from  the  genus  Oychrus,  and 
consisting  as  yet,  of  a  single  species  only,  though  Dejean  sup- 
poses that  the  Oychrus  unicohr  of  Fabricius,  will  constitute  a 
second  species,  but  the  latter  does  not  appear  to  be  at  present 
known  to  entomologists.  This  genus  is  most  closely  allied  to 
Cyclirus  and  Sphseroderus,  but  particularly  to  the  former;  the 
thorax,  however,  is  of  a  different  form,  and  the  anterior  tarsi  of 
the  male  are  a  little  dilated. 

We  have  remarked  in  our  Preface,  p.  vi.  that  "  care  has  been 
taken  that  species  of  different  genera  be  not  represented  in  the 
same  plate."  It  seems  therefore  proper,  that  we  should  state 
the  reason  why  we  have  not  complied  with  this  intention  in  the 
annexed  plate,  where  three  genera  are  introduced.  That  plate 
was  engraved  before  the  author  left  Philadelphia,  on  a  visit  to 
New-Harmony,  Indiana,  his  present  residence,  and  it  was  only  a 
few  months  since,  that  he  received  the  second  volume  of  Dejean's 
Species  General  des  Coleopteres,  published  last  year,  in  which 
the  distinguished  author  has  reformed  the  genus  Oychrus.  But 
as  the  object  of  that  intention  was,  that  the  work  might  be 
"  bound  up,  when  completed,  agreeably  to  systematic  order  in 
the  succession  of  genera,"  the  author  conceives  that  no  disad- 
vantage can  ever  arise  from  this  circumstance,  as  these  genera 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  103 

are  so  closely  allied,  that  it  seems  hardly  possible,  any  future 
discovery  shall  disturb  their  proximity. 

Scapiiinotus  elevatus. —  Specific  character.  Blackish  ; 
elytra  violaceous-cupreous,  polished ;  hardly  narrower  behind. 

Carabus  elevatus  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.  i.  p.  132.  Oliv.  Ins.  vol. 
iii.  p.  46,  pi.  7,  fig.  82.  Oliv.  Enc.  Meth.  (Carabe)  p.  334. 
Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  Gmel.  p.  1967. 

Cychrus  elevatus  Fabr.,  Syst.  Eleuth.  i.  p.  1G6.  Knoch,  neue 
Beytr.  p.  188,  pi.  8,  fig.  12.  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  8,  p.  289.  Nob. 
Trans.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  vol.  ii.  (new  series)  p.  71.  Schonh. 
Syn.  p.  166. 

Scapiiinotus  elevatus  Dejean,  Spec.  Gen.  vol.  ii.  p.  17. 

Desc.  Head  black,  very  slightly  tinged  with  violet,  impunc- 
tured  :  antennas  brownish  towards  the  tips  :  thorax  black, 
slightly  tinged  with  violaceous,  the  sides  gradually  more  reflected 
to  the  hind  angles,  hardly  contractly  behind  ;  disk  concave,  with 
small,  numerous,  irregular  punctures ;  base  nearly  as  broad  as 
the  base  of  the  elytra ;  basal  angles  prominent,  acute  :  elytra 
violaceous-cupreous,  brilliant ;  striae  numerous,  obtuse ;  inter- 
vening lines  narrower  than  the  striae,  obtuse ;  humeral  edge 
dilated,  reflected,  elevated  and  rounded :  epipleura  confluently 
punctured  :  pectus  with  a  few  punctures  at  base ;  lateral  margin 
with  minute  punctures  :  postpectus  and  venter,  each  side  at  base? 
with  large  punctures. 

Obs.  This  species  was  supposed,  by  all  the  authors,  previous  to 
Knoch,  to  be  a  native  of  South  America,  but  that  entomologist 
determined  its  native  country,  by  receiving  specimens  from  the 
late  Dr.  F.  V.  Melsheimer,  of  Hanover,  Pennsylvania. 

The  lowest  figure  of  the  plate. 

MELLT,E[A].     Plate  XLVI. 

Generic  character.  Antennas  with  a  short,  somewhat  broad, 
compressed  terminal  club;  palpi  divaricating,  hairy,  second  joint 
compressed,  terminal  joint  acicular,  half  the  length  of  the  pre- 
ceding joint;  inferior  wings  suborbicular,  somewhat  checkered 
beneath ;  anterior  feet  short,  feeble ;  tarsi  with  double  nails. 

Obs.  The  distinction  between  this  genus  a.nd  Arg^/nnis,  is  very 
slight,  too  much  so,  we  think,  to  justify  the  continuation  of  it, 
except  perhaps  as  a  subgenus.     We  have  set  down  the  characters 


104  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

pretty  much  as  we  find  them  in  the  authors,  and,  although  it  is 
obvious,  that  they  do  not  agree  very  well  with  the  species  we 
have  placed  under  it,  yet  there  cannot  be  the  slightest  doubt  of 
the  correctness  of  the  reference.  Perhaps  the  only  striking 
character  by  which  the  species  may  be  separated  from  those  of 
the  above  mentioned  genus,  is  that  of  the  somewhat  checkered 
appearance  of  the  inferior  page  of  the  posterior  wings.  A  more 
remarkable  distinction  may  be  observed  in  the  larvae,  which  are 
not  armed  with  spines  as  in  Argynnis,  but  are  pubescent,  with 
small  fleshy  tubercles  on  the  body ;  the  pupa  is  suspended  by  the 
tail. 

The  genus  under  the  present  name,  was  separated  from  the 
Linnsean  Papilio  by  Fabricius. 

Melit^e  myrina. — Sj)ecific  character.  Wings  slightly  in- 
dented, fulvous,  with  black  spots  and  undulated  lines ;  beneath 
with  more  than  thirty  silvery  spots,  and  an  ocellate  spot  near  the 
base  of  the  inferior  ones. 

Papilio  myrina  Cromer,  ii.  p.  141,  pi,  189,  fig.  B.  C.  Fabr. 
Ent.  Emend,  p.  145.  Herbst,  Natursyst.  ix.  p.  178,  pi.  255, 
fig.  3,  4. 

Desc.  Wings  fulvous,  slightly  indented  on  the  exterior  edges ; 
superior  wings  with  black,  transverse,  undulated,  and  interrupted 
lines,  occupying  the  basal  portion  to  a  considerable  distance 
beyond  the  middle,  the  first  sublunate,  the  second  double  ; 
towards  the  tip,  a  transverse  series  of  black  dots,  then  of  black 
angles,  confluent  with  the  block  nodose  edging ;  inferior  surface 
paler,  the  series  of  black  dots  obsolete ;  immediately  before  this 
series,  and  near  the  anterior  margin,  are  two  somewhat  silvery 
spots ;  a  somewhat  silvery  spot  within  each  of  the  black  submar- 
ginal  angles,  the  margin  destitute  of  black ;  inferior  wings  with 
two,  much  undulated,  nearly  parallel  lines,  from  the  middle  of 
the  anterior  margin  curve  round  and  terminate  near  the  base, 
near  which  they  become  confused,  they  enclose  a  black  spot ;  a 
series  of  black  dots,  angles,  and  margin,  as  in  the  superior  wings; 
beneath  tinged  with  ferruginous,  and  varied  with  ochreous  spots, 
with  four  transverse  series  of  silvery  spots  ;  the  second  series  in- 
terrupted by  ochreous  spots,  between  the  first  and  second  series 
is  a  small  silvery  ocellate  spot  with  a  black  pupil ;  beyond  the 
third  series,  is  a  series  of  obsolete  brown  dots. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  105 

Obs.  This  pretty  little  species  is  common  in  various  parts  of 
the  United  States,  extending  as  far  south  as  Florida,  and  north 
at  least  to  Massachusetts,  from  whence  Dr.  T.  W.  Harris' sent  me 
a  specimen.  It  resembles  several  foreign  species,  and  particularly 
the  A.  Selene,  for  which  it  may  be  easily  mistaken,  but  on  com- 
parison, that  species  will  be  found  to  have  the  third  series  of 
silvery  spots  widely  interrupted  in  the  middle,  and  the  small 
ocellate  spot  near  the  base  is  not  silvery,  but  black,  with  a  pale 
pupil;  still,  however,  they  are  so  very  closely  allied,  that  in  con- 
sidering them  as  distinct  species,  I  rely  on  the  authors  whose 
synonyms  are  quoted  above. 

The  plant  is  the    Claytonia  virginica. 

PLOIAMA.     Plate  XLVII. 

Generic  character.  Body  elongated,  filiform ;  feet  ambulatory, 
very  long,  with  distinct  nails ;  anterior  pair  shortest,  raptatory, 
with  elongated  coxae ;  eyes  moderate ;  labrum  very  short ;  an- 
tennae elongated,  setaceous,  four-jointed;  beak  inflected. 

Obs.  Such  is  the  particular  form  and  appearance  of  the  an- 
tennae in  insects  of  this  genus,  that  on  a  slight  inspection,  a  per- 
son would  almost  be  disposed  to  pronounce  them  ambulatory, 
and  that  there  are  therefore  eight  feet.  But  no  true  insect  yet 
known,  has  more  or  less  than  six  feet.  As  respects  the  remark- 
ably long  and  slender  form  of  some  of  the  species,  they  have  con- 
siderable affinity  for  the  genus  Spectrum,  and  the  anterior  pair 
of  feet  may  be  compared  to  those  of  Mantis  and  Empusa,  with 
equal  aptitude.  These  feet  are  much  shorter  than  the  others, 
are  used  almost  altogether  for  the  purpose  of  seizing  and  convey- 
ing the  prey  to  their  mouth  ;  whilst  the  two  posterior  pairs  sup- 
port the  body,  and  move  it  from  place  to  place.  Their  move- 
ments are  rather  slow  and  unsteady,  moving  up  and  down  upon 
their  legs  as  they  proceed  forwards,  in  the  manner  of  the  Crane-fly. 
(  Tipula).  They  feed  on  small  insects.  Scopoli  first  established 
this  genus ;  the  species  were  referred  to  Oimex,  by  Linne  and 
others,  and  Fabricius,  unacquainted  with  what  Scopoli  had  done, 
perceived  the  necessity  of  forming  a  genus  for  them,  and  this  he 
called  Einesa,  of  which  he  describes  four  species  ;  three  belong- 
ing to  America,  and  one  to  the  East  Indies.      Cimex  vagabundus 


106  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Linn.,  of  Europe,  is  a  fifth  species,  which,  however,  Fabricius 
placed  in  his  genus  Gem's. 

The  word  Ploiaria,  is  of  uncertain  origin;  Mr.  Dunieril  sup- 
poses it  to  have  been  derived  from  the  Greek  name  for  a  small 
vessel,  TiKoldftav.  (naviadaJ) 

Ploiaria  brevtpennis. — Specific  character.  Fuscous-rufous, 
glabrous ;  wings  abbreviated ;  feet  near  the  knees  annulated. 

Desc.  Body  fuscous,  more  or  less  tinged  with  sanguineous  : 
antennae  very  slender,  with  a  white  annulus  at  the  tip  of  the 
first  joint :  anterior  tibiae  with  the  spines  black  at  tip  :  nervures 
of  the  wings  brownish  :  intermediate  and  posterior  feet  with  the 
thighs  near  the  tip,  and  tibiae  near  the  base  biannulate  with 
whitish  :  tergum  beneath  the  wings  bright  sanguineous. 

Obs.  This  is  a  very  common  insect,  and  is  often  found  even  in 
the  city  of  Philadelphia,  It  inhabits  out-houses,  where  it  may 
be  observed  generally  motionless  on  the  walls.  When  disturbed, 
it  moves  its  body  up  and  down  on  its  legs,  and  at  the  same  time 
advances  slowly  forwards. 

The  line  denotes  the  natural  size. 

MALACHIUS.     Plate  XLVIII. 

Generic  character.  Body  furnished  with  coeardes :  head  re- 
tracted to  the  eyes  within  the  thorax  :  antennae  ten-jointed,  fili- 
form, serrated  ;  mandibles  emarginate  :  labium  entire ;  palpi  fili- 
form ;  tarsi  simple,  nails  with  a  tooth  beneath ;  elytra  flexible. 

Obs.  Linnaeus  referred  these  insects  to  his  genus  Cantharis ; 
from  which  his  learned  successor,  Fabricius,  separated  them, 
and  constituted  a  group  under  the  present  name,  derived  from 
the  Greek  word  f**\a*o(,  which  means  soft,  delicate,  in  allusion  to 
the  consistence  of  the  body.  They  differ  from  the  genus  Dasytes 
Payk.,  in  being  less  elongated,  and  furnished  with  the  coeardes ; 
their  antennae  also  are  placed  nearer  together  at  base ;  otherwise 
the  two  genera  are  closely  allied. 

These  insects  are  frequent  in  some  situations  on  flowers,  the 
nectareous  juices  of  which  they  appear  to  extract,  though  it  has 
been  asserted,  but  we  know  not  upon  what  authority,  that  in  ad- 
dition to  their  liquid  food  they  prey  also  upon  insects. 

When  alarmed  for  their  safety,  the  coeardes  are  suddenly  pro- 
truded, and  when  reassured  of  security,  these  singular  organs  are 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  107 

retracted,  so  that  no  remnant  of  them  remains  in  view.  The 
cocardes  are  three-lobed  bodies,  of  a  vivid  red  color,  and  vesicu- 
lar consistence,  situated  one  on  each  side  near  the  anterior 
angles, of  the  thorax,  and  another  on  each  side  of  the  base  of  the 
abdomen.  Their  uses  are  altogether  unknown,  but  we  cannot 
suppose  them  to  be  of  primary  importance,  since  one,  and  indeed 
all  of  them  have  been  cut  off  without  diminishing  the  agility  of 
the  insect,  or  subjecting  it  to  any  apparent  inconvenience.  Like 
the  retractile  cervical  appendage  of  the  larvae  of  Papilioncs,  it 
may  possibly  serve  to  repel  their  enemies.  Olivier  supposes 
that  the  larvae  of  the  Malachius  live  in  wood.  Latreille  informs 
us  that  in  some  of  the  species  one  sex  has  an  appendice  at  the 
tip  of  each  elytrum,  iu  the  shape  of  a  hook,  which  is  seized  by 
the  mandibles  of  the  opposite  sex  in  order  to  arrest  the  fugitive. 

Malachius  biptjnctatus. — Specific  character.  Thorax  ru- 
fous, with  two  remote  black  spots ;  elytra  blue ;  abdomen  sangui- 
neous. 

31.  bipunctedus  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  iii.  p.  185. 

Desc.  Head  black,  with  a  slight  greenish  tinge ;  all  before  a 
line  drawn  between  the  anterior  canthi  of  the  eyes,  including  the 
antennae,  yellow ;  mandibles  and  terminal  joints  of  the  palpi 
black ;  thorax  yellowish-rufous,  with  two  small  remote,  rounded 
black  dots;  posterior  submargin  somewhat  indented  :  elytra  blue 
or  greenish :  pectus  rufous  :  postpectus  and  feet  black  :  abdomen 
sanguineous. 

Obs.  This  fine  species  is  an  inhabitant  of  the  Arkansaw  re- 
gion near  the  Rocky  Mountains,  where  I  captured  two  speci- 
mens. In  magnitude  it  exceeds  any  other  North  American  spe- 
cies yet  known.  The  second  joint  of  the  antennae  in  the  male  is 
dilated  and  irregular. 

The  lowest  figure  of  the  plate. 

[Belongs  to  the  genus    CoUops  Er. — Lec] 

Malachius  tricolor. — Specific  character.  Head,  postpectus, 
and  feet  black  ;  labrum  and  thorax  rufous  ;  abdomen  rufo-testa- 
ceous. 

M.  tricolor  nobis,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  iii.  p.  182. 

Desc.  Head  black ;  labrum,  clypeus  on  its  anterior  margin  and 
palpi  at  base,  pale  rufous  :  antennae  pale  rufous,  dusky  at  tip  : 
thorax  transverse,  nearly  oval,  rather  short,  rufous,  immaculate : 


108  AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

elytra  dark  bluish-green,  or  somewhat  violaceous ;  middle  of  the 
lateral  edge  obsoletely  piceous  :  postpectus  and  feet  deep  black  : 
venter  testaceous. 

Variety,  a.     Elytra  blue ;  venter  and  thorax  sanguineous. 

Obs.  This  species  was  taken  on  the  Mississippi,  and  specimens 
also  occurred  near  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  is  as  large  as  M. 
4-maculatus  Fabr.,  and  larger  than  M.  tJioracicus  Fabr.,  which 
it  much  resembles.  The  variety  was  sent  me  from  Massachu- 
setts by  Mr.  Charles  Pickering. 

The  right  figure  of  the  plate. 

[Also  a  Collops. — Lec] 

Malachius  nigriceps. — Specific  character.  Thorax  rufous, 
with  a  large  black  spot :  elytra  blue  :  venter  sanguineous. 

31.  nigriceps  nobis,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  iii.  p.  183. 

Desc.  Head  deep  black,  pale  testaceous  or  rufous  before :  tho- 
rax rufous,  with  a  large  black  spot,  sometimes  composed  of  two 
dilated,  confluent  ones,  and  not  attaining  the  anterior  margin : 
elytra  violaceous,  blue,  or  greenish ;  pectus  rufous,  at  the  origin 
of  the  feet  black  :  postpectus  black  :  feet  black  :  thighs  sometimes 
rufous,  particularly  the  anterior  ones  :  venter  sanguineous. 

Variety,  a.     Thorax  entirely  black. 

Obs.  Distinguishable  from  the  tricolor  by  the  black  spot  of 
the  thorax,  and  by  the  proportion  of  this  part,  which  is  compa- 
ratively longer  than  in  that  insect.  Its  antennae  present  the  re- 
markable character  of  the  dilatation  and  irregularity  of  the 
second  joint  of  the  antennae. 

The  upper  middle  figure  of  the  plate. 

[Also  a  Collops ;  the  form  of  the  second  joint  of  the  antenna3 
mentioned  is  peculiar  to  the  male. — Lec] 

Malachius  vittatus. — Specific  character.  Thorax  rufous, 
with  a  large  black  spot :  elytra  blue,  margin  and  suture  rufous. 

M.  vittatus  nobis,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  iii.  p.  184. 

Desc.  Head  black ;  labrum  and  base  of  the  antennae  rufous  : 
thorax  rufous,  with  a  dorsal  black  spot  composed  of  two  confluent 
ones,  not  reaching  the  anterior  margin  :  elytra  bright  greenish- 
blue  :  exterior  margin,  suture,  and  tip  rufous ;  this  color  is  a 
little  dilated  behind  the  humerus ;  pectus  rufous ;  about  the  base  of 
the  feet  black :   postpectus  and  venter  black,  incisures  of  the 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  109 

latter  edged  with  testaceous  :  feet  black :  anterior  pairs  of  tibiae 
often  piceous. 

Obs.  This  species  is  somewhat  smaller  than  M.  qnarfrlmacu- 
latus.  It  is  closely  allied  to  M.  tricolor.  The  second  joint  of 
the  antennae  of  the  male  is  dilated  and  irregular.  Mr.  Thomas 
Nuttall  first  obtained  specimens  of  the  vlttatus  in  the  Mississippi 
region,  where  I  have  since  met  with  it. 

The  upper  figure  of  the  plate. 

MalACHITJS  OTIOSUS. — Specific  character.  Thorax  rufous, 
with  a  dilated  longitudinal  line  ;  antennae  and  elytra  black. 

Malarious  algrlpcnnls  nobis,  Jouru.  Acad.  Xat.  Sciences,  vol.  iii. 
p.  184. 

Desc.  Body  black,  inconspicuously  hairy:  head  with  three 
obtuse  indentations  between  the  eyes  ;  antennae  black ;  labrum 
and  clypeus  before,  rufous  :  thorax  rufous,  with  a  much  dilated 
black  line  from  the  anterior  to  the  posterior  edge  :  elytra  black, 
with  a  very  slight  violaceous  tinge  :  pectus  pale  rufous,  or  testa- 
ceous ;  origin  of  the  feet  black  :  postpectus  black  :  venter  black, 
segments  with  more  or  less  dilated,  sanguineous  margins ;  some- 
times entirely  sanguineous :  feet  black ;  anterior  thighs  some- 
times pale. 

This  species  is  readily  separable  from  M.  nigriceps  by  its  infe- 
rior size  and  blackish  elytra  and  antennae,  and  by  the  circum- 
stance that  the  black  line  of  the  thorax  is  continued  to  the 
anterior  edge. 

Count  Dejean  informs  me  the  name  nigripennis  is  preoccupied 
in  this  genus  ;  I  have  therefore  been  compelled  to  change  it. 

The  lower  middle  figure. 

[Belongs  to  Anthocomus  Er. — Lec] 

PHILANTHUS.     Plate  XLIX. 

Generic  character.  Labrum  concealed  ;  eyes  not  extending  to 
the  posterior  part  of  the  head,  very  slightly  emarginate ;  stem- 
mata  three  ;  antenna?  thicker  towards  the  tip,  inserted  in  the 
middle  of  the  face ;  nasus  trilobate ;  mandibles  simple ;  radial 
cell  one,  elongated,  acute  at  tip ;  cubital  cells  three,  the  first 
large,  the  second  small,  sessile,  receiving  the  first  recurrent  ner- 
vure,  the  third  subquadrate,  elongated  at  its  exterior    inferior 


110  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

angle  and  receiving  the  second  recurrent  nervure,  an  imperfect 
fourth  cellule  sometimes  exists  ;  feet  rather  short. 

Obs.  In  the  present  order  of  insects  called  Hymenoptera  by 
Linne,  are  many  species  whose  manners  are  highly  interesting : 
living  together  harmoniously  in  large  communities,  and  laboring 
for  the  attainment  of  a  common  object,  such  species  exhibit  such 
eminent  proofs  of  intelligence,  as  to  stagger  the  vain  theorist  in 
the  midst  of  his  speculations,  and  to  render  insecure  the  distinc- 
tion which  he  has  endeavored  to  establish  between  the  blindness 
of  instinct  and  the  splendid  nature  of  reason. 

But  the  far  greater  portion  associate  by  pairs,  in  their  perfect 
state,  for  the  important  purpose  of  continuing  their  race,  and  of 
these  are  the  species  of  the  genus  under  consideration.  It  has 
been  long  known  that  the  PMlantM  are  parasitic  ;  the  female  digs 
a  hole  in  the  earth  for  the  reception  of  her  egg,  with  which  she 
places  the  body  of  an  insect  that  she  had  killed  for  the  nurture 
of  her  young ;  she  then  completes  her  task  by  covering  the  hole 
with  earth.  Latreille  gives  the  following  interesting  account  of 
the  P.  apivorus  of  Europe.  It  is  a  dangerous  enemy  of  the 
domestic  bee.  The  female  digs  a  horizontal  gallery  about  a  foot 
in  depth  in  a  sloping  bank  of  light  earth  exposed  to  the  influence 
of  the  sun ;  she  separates  the  earth,  and  carries  it  to  the  surface 
by  means  of  her  mandibles  and  feet.  When  the  nest  is  thus 
completed,  the  parent  visits  the  neighboring  flowers  for  the  pur- 
pose of  obtaining  a  honey  bee  ;  she  seizes  her  victim,  and  kills  it 
by  piercing  it  with  her  sting  at  the  junction  of  the  head  with 
the  thorax,  or  of  the  thorax  with  the  abdomen,  and  transports  it 
to  the  bottom  of  the  gallery.  As  each  female  deposits  at  least 
five  or  six  eggs,  the  consequence  is  that  the  same  number  of  bees 
must  be  destroyed.  In  an  extent  of  ground  about  one  hundred 
and  twenty  feet  long,  Mr.  Latreille  counted  from  fifty  to  sixty 
females  actively  employed  in  making  their  nests,  these  of  course 
destroyed  about  three  hundred  bees.  Let  us  then  suppose  a 
surface  of  country  about  six  miles  square,  a  fiftieth  part  of  which 
would  afford  a  proper  situation  for  the  operations  of  the  females 
of  this  species  of  Philanthus  ;  these  would  be  a  sufficient  number 
to  destroy  fifteen  thousand  of  these  useful  insects.  The  eggs  are 
white,  nearly  cylindrical,  rounded   at  the  two  ends.     The  lame 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  Ill 

resemble  those  of  the  bee.  The  covering  of  the  pupa  is  a  thin 
pellicle. 

Fabricius  first  applied  the  name  PhUanthus;  but  Latreille 
divided  the  group  which  his  predecessor  established  under  that 
name  into  two  genera,  retaining  the  appellation  for  the  present 
group,  and  applying  that  of  Cerceres  to  such  as  have  denticulated 
mandibles,  and  the  second  cubital  cellule  petiolated.  The  former 
were  called  SimblepMlus,  and  the  latter  Philanthus,  by  Jurine. 

The  name  of  this  genus  is  compounded  of  the  Greek  words 
<?h£,  I  love,  and  *vQ°c,  a  flower. 

Philanthus  canaliculatus. — Specific  character.  Pale 
yellow  ;  vertex,  disk  of  the  thorax,  and  incisures  of  the  tergum 
reddish-brown. 

P.  canaliculatus  nobis,  Western  Quarterly  Report,  vol.  ii.  p.  79. 

Dcsc.  Body  pale  yellow ;  vertex  reddish-brown  ;  front  with 
two  longitudinal  reddish-brown  lines  passing  through  the  base 
of  the  antennce ;  antennae  rufous,  black  at  tip  :  mandibles  black 
at  tip :  superior  wings  with  a  longitudinal  brownish  line  on  the 
middle  from  near  the  base  to  the  tip  ;  radial  cellule  rounded  at 
tip,  and  at  its  inferior  angle  descending  to  meet  the  superior 
angle  of  the  second  cubital  cellule,  which  is  triangular :  tergum 
with  a  transverse  groove  on  the  middle  of  each  segment,  and  a 
marginal  smaller  one  ;  incisures  reddish-brown. 

Obs.  When  traversing  the  Arkansaw  region  with  Major  Long's 
party,  I  obtained  a  single  specimen  of  this  insect,  which  is  a 
male ;  it  is  so  very  similar  in  general  appearance  and  color  to 
Ccrccris  bulcntata  nob.,  that  but  for  its  generic  differences,  I 
should  almost  have  been  led  to  consider  it  as  a  mere  sexual  variety 
of  that  species.  But  it  cannot  be  placed  in  the  genus  Cerceris, 
as  the  mandibles  are  entirely  unarmed  within,  and  the  second 
cubital  cellule  is  not  petiolated,  and  the  eyes  are  not  emar- 
ginated. 

The  upper  right  figure  of  the  plate. 

Philanthus  zonatus. — Specific  character.  Black  :  front, 
two  lines  on  the  thorax  and  posterior  submargins  of  the  segments 
of  the  tergum,  yellow  :  feet  rufous. 

P.  zonatus  nobis,  Western  Quarterly  Reporter,  vol.  ii.  p.  79. 

Desc.  Body  above  black  :  front  yellow,  with  two  black  lines 
descending  from  the  black  vertex  to  the  origin  of  the  antennas : 


112  AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

antennso  and  mandibles  rufous,  black  at  tip ;  base  of  the  head 
rufous  :  thorax,  first  segment  and  scutel,  each  with  a  yellow  line : 
a  large  rufous  spot  '  each  side  behind  the  scutel :  superior 
wings  with  a  dusky  margin  towards  the  tip  :  costal  nervure  dull 
rufous  in  the  middle ;  radial  cellule  rounded  at  tip,  and  at  its 
inferior  edge  descending  in  an  angle  to  meet  the  superior  angle 
of  the  second  cubital  cellule,  which  is  triangular:  tergum  with 
an  obsolete  transverse  groove  on  the  middle  of  each  segment,  and 
a  marginal  slender  one  :  posterior  submargins  yellow  :  feet  rufous  j 
pectus  black  :  venter  dull  rufous. 

Obs.  The  specimen  which  served  for  this  description  is  a  male, 
which  was  taken  in  the  same  country  as  the  preceding.  It  cor- 
responds with  the  canaliculatus  in  the  simple  form  of  its  eyes 
and  mandibles,  and  in  the  shape  of  the  radial  and  second  cubital 
cellules.  These  characters  justify  the  separation  of  the  two  spe- 
cies from  the  foregoing,  into  a  distinct  subgenus. 

The  lower  left  figure  of  the  plate. 

Philanthus  verttlabris. — Specific  character.  Black  : 
thorax  with  a  line  on  the  interior  and  posterior  margins,  and  ter- 
gum, with  four  or  five  bands  of  which  the  anterior  one  is  btfoadest, 
yellow. 

P.  vertilabris  Fabr.  Syst,  Piez.  p.  303.  Coqueb.  111.  Icon.  p. 
96,  pi.  22,  fig.  2. 

Desc.  Head  black;  beneath  the  antennae  yellow;  antennae  be- 
neath yellow  :  thorax  with  confluent  punctures  black ;  a  trans- 
verse line  before  and  another  behind  yellow  s  wings  tinged  with 
dull  yellowish  :  feet  pale  rufous  :  tibiae  yellowish  on  the  exterior 
side  :  tergum  with  large,  deeply  impressed,  confluent  punctures  ; 
first  segment  with  a  yellow  spot  each  side ;  second  segment  with 
a  broad  yellow  band  occupying  the  basal  half,  sometimes  slightly 
interrupted  in  the  middle ;  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  segments  with 
a  band  on  their  hind  margins,  broader  each  side ;  sixth  segment 
with  a  spot  each  side. 

Obs.  Coq.uebert  gave  a  figure  of  this  species,  with  a  magnified 
representation  of  the  head,  abdomen,  and  a  wing.  It  is  stated  to 
be  an  inhabitant  of  Carolina,  but  it  is  also  found  in  Missouri  and 
Pennsylvania. 

The  upper  left  figure  of  the  plate. 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  113 

Piiilanthus  politus. — Specific  character.  Black,  polished  ; 
first  segment  of  the  tergum  with  two  whitish  spots,  the  other  seg- 
ments with  a  spot  each  side,  connected  by  a  whitish  band. 

P.  politus  nobis,  Long's  Second  Expedition,  p.  343. 

Desc.  Hypostoina,  mandibles  at  base  and  anterior  line  of  the 
orbits  as  high  as  the-  emarginatiori,  whitish  ;  antenna)  beyond  the 
third  joint  on  the  inferior  side  rufous  brown,  a  whitish  spot  on  the 
basal  joint :  thorax  with  small,  irregular  punctures ;  collar  with 
two  transverse  spots ;  wing-scale,  and  transverse  line  on  the  scu- 
tel,  whitish  :  wings  a  little  dusky  towards  the  tip :  pleura  with  a 
double  whitish  spot  beneath  the  superior  wings  :  thighs  black  ; 
knees  and  tibiae,  excepting  a  black  line  on  the  inner  side,  whitish; 
tarsi  dusky :  tergum  polished  ;  first  segment  with  a  transverse 
ovate  spot  each  side  ;  remaining  segments  each  with  a  transverse 
quadrate  spot  each  side,  touching  the  posterior  margin,  and  con- 
nected along  this  margin  by  a  slender,  undulated  band. 

Obs.  An  inhabitant  of  Pennsylvania.  It  may  be  readily  known 
from  the  preceding,  by  its  polished  appearance. 

The  lower  right  figure  of  the  plate. 

HIPPAKCHIA.     Plate  L. 

For  Generic  Characters,  see  ITipparcliia  andromaeha.  [ante 
p.  80.] 

Hipparchia  semidea. —  Specific  character.  Wings  brown  ; 
inferior  pair  marbled  beneath. 

Desc.  Body  black,  immaculate :  antennas  fuscous,  beneath 
bright  rufous  towards  the  tip,  the  club  very  gradually  formed  : 
superior  wings  brown,  the  costal  margin  with  alternate  transverse 
black  and  yellow  lines,  exterior  margin  with  alternate  black  and 
white  spots  ;  beneath  dull  ochreous,  with  obsolete,  transverse, 
abbreviated,  blackish  lines ;  costal  and  broad  tip  margin  alter- 
nated with  vivid  black  and  white  lines ;  inferior  wings  dark 
brown ;  towards  the  posterior  margin  obscure  ochreous,  with  ob- 
solete, abbreviated,  blackish,  transverse  lines ;  posterior  margin 
with  a  slender  black  line  and  dirty  white  edging ;  beneath  mar- 
bled with  black  and  white,  the  black  prevailing  across  the  middle 
and  base  of  the  wing. 

Obs.  Many  of  the  insects  belonging  to  this  genus  are  decorated 
with  beautiful  colors,  and  with  eye-like  spots  upon  the  win°-s  ;* 


114  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

but  the  present  species  is  of  a  more  simple  and  unassuming 
character.  Without  any  imposing  attractions  to  arrest  the  eye, 
it  exhibits  an  agreeable  neatness  in  the  disposition  of  the  con- 
trasting colors,  on  the  inferior  surface  of  the  wings.  But  its 
chief  title  to  our  attention  is  the  great  altitude  of  its  native  cli- 
mate. It  inhabits  the  bald  summits  of  the  White  Mountains  of 
New  Hampshire,  and  appears  to  be  limited  to  that  inhospitable  re- 
gion. Mr.  T.  Nuttall  sent  me  a  specimen  some  time  since,  taken 
by  himself;  and  Mr.  Charles  Pickering  of  Salem,  has  recently 
presented  me  with  an  individual  in  an  excellent  state  of  preser- 
vation, from  which  the  accompanying  plate  has  been  taken. 
The  plate  exhibits  two  views  of  the  insect. 

BOLETOPHAGUS.     Plate  LI. 

Generic  character.  Bpdy  very  rough,  oval,  convex ;  head 
rather  large,  without  a  neck  j  eyes  almost  bisected  by  the  promi- 
nent margin ;  antennae  arcuated,  inserted  beneath  the  margin, 
thicker  towards  the  tip ;  mandibles  destitute  of  a  horny  nail  j 
palpi  filiform,  terminal  joint  of  the  maxillari.es  cylindrical :  thorax 
transverse,  as  broad  as  the  elytra,  the  anterior  angles  projected 
forwards :  scutel  small,  rounded  :  elytra  covering  the  tergum. 

Obs.  In  consequence  of  the  rough  unequal  character  of  the 
surface  of  these  insects,  their  appearance  is  repulsive  to  the  com- 
mon observer,  but  in  the  estimation  of  an  entomologist,  their 
claims  to  his  attention  are  in  no  respect  diminished  by  any  sup- 
posed departure  from  a  particular  standard  of  beauty.  They 
have  been  referred  by  the  different  authors  to  the  genera  Opa- 
trum,  Trox,  Diaperis,  and  even  Silpha  and  Hispa.  But  Latreille, 
perceiving  that  their  generic  characters  were  not  conformable  to 
any  group  already  existing  in  the  system,  separated  them  under 
the  name  of  Eledona.  This  name  ought  to  have  been  adopted, 
having  the  unalienable  right  of  priority  over  that  of  Boletopha- 
gus,  subsequently  applied  by  the  justly  celebrated  Illiger.  But 
as  the  present  designation  is  preferred  by  Fabricius,  Dejean, 
Leach,  and  the  German  entomologists,  we  for  the  present 
acquiesce  in  the  use  of  it.  The  species  frequent  fungi,  whence 
the  generic  name  Be\/r»;>  boletus,  and  <p*yZ,  I  eat. 

Boletophagus  CORNUTTJS. — Specific  character.  Thorax  with 
two  slightly  incurved  horns,  which  are  hairy  beneath. 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  115 

Qpatrum  bi/urcum  Fabr.,  Supp.  p.  40. 

Opatrum  cornutum  Panz.  Faun.  Ainer.  Bor.  Prodr.  pi.  1,  fig. 
5,  a  b,  and  fig.  6,  a  b. 

Boletophagtts  coniutus  Fabr.  Syst.  Eleuth.  vol.  p.  112.  Schonh. 
Syn.  vol.  i.  p.  120. 

Elcdona  comuta  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  Crust,  et  Ins.  vol.  x.  p.  312. 

Desc.  Body  brown  :  head  with  a  few  small  tubercles  ;  and  on 
the  anterior  edge  an  elevated,  double  acute  horn  :  thorax  irregu- 
larly granulated,  with  two  prominent,  porrect,  incurved  horns, 
slightly  dilated  at  tip,  hairy  beneath,  and  rather  longer  than  the 
head  j  lateral  edge  denticulated  :  elytra  with  elevated,  abbreviated 
lines  and  tubercles ;  at  tip  somewhat  abruptly  deflected. 

Female,  destitute  of  the  elevated  double  horn  on  the  anterior 
edge  of  the  clypeus  :  thorax  with  two  elevated  tubercles,  verti- 
cal and  truncated. 

» 

Obs.  This  species  frequently  occurs  in  various  parts  of  the 
United  States,  in  fungi.  It  is  very  distinct  from  any  other  known 
insect  of  the  genus.  The  thoracic  processes,  as  well  as  that  of 
the  head,  afford  very  good  and  striking  characters.  We  have 
never  been  so  successful  as  to  obtain  the  above  quoted  work  of 
Panzer,  and  we  therefore  refer  to  it  through  other  authors. 

The  two  upper  figures  of  the  plate  represent  the  male  in  dif- 
ferent positions. 

The  lower  right  figures  exhibit  the  female.  The  lines  show 
the  natural  length. 

Boletophagus  CORTICOLA. — Specific  character.  Head  and 
thorax  unarmed ;  elytra  with  elevated,  abbreviated  lines  and 
tubercles. 

Desc.  Body  brown  :  bead  slightly  granulated ;  anterior  edge  a 
little  reflected,  and  very  slighly  emarginate  at  tip  :  thorax  granu- 
lated, and  somewhat  canaliculate ;  lateral  edge  denticulated ; 
posterior  angle  an  obtuse  spire  [spine]  :  elytra  with  regular  series 
of  elevated,  interrupted  lines,  and  alternating  with  series  of  ele- 
vated tubercles. 

Obs.  For  this  species  I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  John  F.  Melshei- 
mer,  who  sent  me  several  specimens  under  the  name  which  I 
have  adopted.  He  informs  me  that  it  was  caught  in  Virginia, 
in  October,  under  the  bark  of  the  pine. 


116  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

The  lower  left  figures  of  the  plate  represent  the  species  in  two 
positions.     The  line  shows  the  natural  length. 

SPHYRACEPHALA.     Plate  LII. 

Essential  character.  Head  extended  each  side  in  a  process 
which  is  oculiferous  at  tip ;  antennae  inserted  on  the  front,  third 
joint  rounded,  compressed,  setigerous  at  tip. 

Natural  character. — Head  subtriangular ;  eyes  pedunculated, 
peduncles  very  short,  robust ;  stemniata  approximate ;  antennae 
distant,  robust,  short,  nearly  parallel  to  the  peduncles,  three- 
jointed;  first  joint  very  short,  almost  concealed;  second  joint 
obconic,  ciliated  at  tip ;  third  joint  orbicular,  setigerous  at  tip ; 
proboscis  bilabiated ;  palpi  elevated,  conic ;  metathorax  with  a 
conic  spine  each  side  beneath  the  wings ;  scutel  two-spined ; 
poisers  naked  ;  wings  incumbent ;  feet  moderate ;  anterior  thighs 
dilated  ;  anterior  tibiae  a  little  arcuated. 

Obs.  Two  genera  of  dipterous  insects  have  already  been  con- 
stituted, in  which  the   eyes  are  pedunculated,  or  situated  at  the 
extremity  of  elongated,  immovable  processes   of  the  head  :  these 
are  Diopsis  of  Linneus,  and  Aclxias  of  Fabricius.     The  present 
genus  differs  from  the  former,  however,  in  not  having   the   an- 
tennae situated  on  the  peduncles  of  the  eyes,  but  on  the  front,  as 
in  Acliias.     It  agrees  with  the  former  in  the  terminal  origin   of 
the  seta  of  the  antennae,  and  in  the  rotundity  of  the  third  joint 
of  those  organs,  as  well  as  in  the  armature  of  the  scutel  and  late- 
ral part  of  the  trunk.     In  the  little  known  genus  Acliias,  we  are 
informed  the  terminal  joint  of  the  antennae  is  elongated,  cylindri- 
cal, and  setigerous  at  base,  and  that  its  scutel  is  emarginate.     It 
is  therefore  obvious,  that  the  genus  under  consideration  must  be 
placed  between  Diopsis  and  Acliias ;  and  that  notwithstanding 
the  brevity  of  the  processes  of  the  head,  and  the  frontal  origin  of 
the  antennae,  it  appears  to  be  more  intimately  allied  to  the  pre- 
ceding. 

Spyracephala  is  compounded  of  the  words  Spyg*,  malleus,  and 
Ki<faKn}  caput,  in  allusion  to  the  form  of  the  head. 

Sphyracephala  brevicornis. — Specific  character.     Dusky; 

wings  bifasciate,  with  brown;  scutel,  spines,  ainFfeet  yellowish. 

Diopsis  brevicornis  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  i.  p.  23. 

Dcsc.  Head  pale  rufous,  vertex  and  each  side  before  the  eyes 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  117 

dusky  ;  peduncles  of  the  eyes  not  longer  than  the  distance  between 
their  bases,  a  distinct  seta  on  the  superior  part  of  the  peduncle 
near  the  tip,  and  another  each  side  of  the  vertex  above  the  an- 
tennas, rather  larger  than  the  seta  of  the  antennae  :  stemmata  sit- 
uated on  a  very  slight  elevation  :  trunk  with  the  lateral  spines 
conic,  blackish  :  seutel,  spines  cylindric,  setigerous  at  tip :  wings 
hyaline,  a  band  behind  the  middle,  and  a  semiband  before  the 
middle,  brown;  poisers  white  :  abdomen  black,  immaculate  :  feet 
yellowish  ;  anterior  thighs  very  thick  rufous,  blackish  above  and 
beneath. 

Obs.  This  insect  is  very  rare  in  Pennsylvania ;  a  few  years 
since,  I  obtained  a  single  individual  in  the  month  of  May :  it  had 
alighted  on  a  leaf  of  the  skunk  cabbage,  near  the  Wissahickon 
creek,  a  few  miles  from  this  city.  During  my  subsequent  excur- 
sions in  pursuit  of  insects,  I  had  never  the  good  fortune  to  meet 
with  another  specimen,  until  the  autumn  of  1819,  when  with 
Major  Long's  party  on  the  Missouri,  near  the  cantonment  of  the 
party,  on  the  river  shore  was  a  considerable  body  of  rock,  on 
which  I  was  frequently  occupied  in  hunting  for  organic  reliquiae  ; 
here,  amongst  other  interesting  objects,  I  had  the  satisfaction  to 
find  the  present  insect  in  considerable  numbers,  lodged,  for  pro- 
tection against  the  high  winds  and  cool  temperature,  in  small 
crevices  of  the  rock. 

The  plate  exhibits  two  views.  The  line  shows  the  natural 
length  ;  and  a  wing  is  figured  below. 

CLYTUS.    Plate  LIII. 

Generic  character.  Body  elongated,  subcylindric;  head  inclined; 
antennae  shorter  than  the  body,  inserted  in  an  emargiuation  of  the 
eyes,  eleven-jointed;  labrum  apparent ;  labial  palpi  with  the  last 
joint  obtrigonate  ;  thorax  globose,  unarmed;  hind  thighs  clavate 

Obs.  A  genus  somewhat  numerous  in  species,  belonging  to  the 
natural  family  Ceramhycidee  Leach.  The  species  were  scattered 
in  the  genera  Cerambyx,  Callidium,  Leptura,  until  Fabricius  per- 
ceived the  necessity  of  a  separation,  and  he  embodied  them  under 
the  present  designation.  Many  of  them  are  very  prettily  orna- 
mented with  bright  yellow  bands  and  spots.  In  the  larva  state 
they  live  in  wood,  penetrating  freely  through  the  hardest  trees, 
and  proving  very  injurious  to  the  particular  kinds  of  timber  which 
they  attack. 


118  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Clytus  speciosus. — Specific  character.  Black ;  thorax  dila- 
ted ;  elytra  about  five-banded ;  feet  yellow. 

C.  speciosus  nobis,  Long's  Second  Expedition,  vol.  ii.  p.  290. 

Body  deep  black ;  head  with  a  band  passing  from  the  vertex 
round  behind  the  eyes,  and  meeting  a  band  which  is  round  the 
mouth  above,  yellow ;  a  yellow  band  on  the  front,  immediately 
above  the  antennae,  terminating  in  the  sinus  of  the  eyes ;  mandi- 
bles yellow ;  nasus  and  labrum  pale  yellowish,  glabrous  ;  antennae 
all  black  :  thorax  subglobular,  depressed ;  an  oblique  spot  each 
side  before,  and  another  oblique,  longer  spot  or  abbreviated  line 
each  side  of  the  middle,  yellow  ;  an  arcuated,  impressed  line  each 
side  of  the  middle ;  scutel  yellow  ;  two  small  yellow  spots  before 
the  scutel  under  the  thorax :  elytra  with  yellow  bands ;  the  first 
band  forms  a  regular  arch,  of  which  the  scutel  represents  the 
key-stone ;  the  second  band  is  in  the  form  of  the  letter  W,  each 
V  receiving  a  termination  of  the  first  band ;  the  third  band  is 
nearly  transverse,  placed  upon  the  middle  ;  fourth  band  arcuated 
each  side  from  the  suture  obliquely  backward,  parallel  and  near 
to  a  large  terminal  spot  or  band,  which  on  each  elytrum  is  ovate, 
with  a  central  black  spot;  tip  with  a  short  obtuse  tooth:  humerus 
with  three  small  spots :  postpectus  spotted  with  yellow  :  thighs 
with  a  brown  line  on  the  inner  side :  venter  yellow. 

Obs.  During  a  short  repose  of  Major  Long's  party  on  the  bank 
of  the  Wisconsin  river,  preparatory  to  ^crossing  that  stream,  this 
unusually  fine  insect  attracted  the  eye  of  that  officer,  as  it  rested 
on  the  bark  of  a  hickory  tree.  Another  specimen  belongs  to  the 
Philadelphia  Museum,  probably  taken  in  Pennsylvania.  As  these 
two  are  the  only  individuals  that  have  yet  occurred,  the  species 
must  of  course  be  considered  as  rare. 

The  upper  figure  of  the  plate. 

[Subsequently  figured  and  described  as  C.  Hayi  Gray,  Griff. 
An.  Kingd. ;  belongs  to  Arhophalus  Serv.  as  amended  by  me. — 
Lec] 

Clytus  hamatus. — Specific  character.    Black;  thorax  with  a 

yellow  margin ;  scutel,  two  bands,  and  ely tral  spot,  yellow. 

C.  hamatus  nobis,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  iii.  p.  423 

JDesc.    Body  black;  antennae  rufous,  filiform;  terminal  joints 

black;  palpi  piceous :  thorax  hairy;  the  hairs  cinereous;  margin 

yellow,  which  color  is  interrupted  behind  :  scutel  yellow ;  elytra 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  119 

slightly  hairy  at  base ;  each  with  an  oval,  oblique  spot  near  the 
basal  middle ;  then  a  subsutural  line  proceeding  from  near  the 
basal  spots  to  the  sutural  middle,  thence  it  curves  over  the  disk, 
and  terminates  in  a  small  spot  rather  before  the  middle  on  the 
exterior  margin ;  an  oblique  line  behind  the  middle  passses  from 
the  suture  outward ;  all  these  bands  and  spots  are  yellow  ;  disk 
near  the  tip  obsoletely  obscure  fuscous  ;  the  tip  rounded,  unarmed ; 
beneath  spotted  and  banded  with  yellow  :  feet  rufous :  thighs  at 
tip  dilated,  compressed,  black. 

Obs.  Has  some  resemblance  to  C.  arietis  Fabr.,  of  Europe, 
but  besides  other  points  of  distinction,  the  elytra  are  not  remark- 
ably truncated  as  those  of  that  species  are.  It  seems  also  to  be 
allied  to  C.  arvicola  and  aurlcola  Oliv.,  and  particularly  to  the 
latter,  from  which,  however,  it  may  be  distinguished  by  its  larger 
size,  by  having  the  thorax  nearly  surrounded  by  a  yellow  line, 
and  by  the  obliquity  of  the  terminal  band  of  the  elytra.  I  ob- 
tained it  near  the  Illinois  river. 

The  lower  figure  of  the  plate. 

[ Callidium  ruricola  Oliv.  Ins.  70,  tab.  8,  fig.  96. — Lec.] 

Clytus  tjndulatus. — Specific  character.  Brown  ;  thorax  sub- 
bifasciate  ;  elytra  with  a  spot  and  three  bands,  yellow. 

G.  imdulatus  nobis,  Long's  Second  Expedition,  vol.  ii.  p.  291. 

Desc.  Body  dark  brown  :  head  darker  than  the  elytra ;  antennae 
dark  ferruginous ;  front,  below  the  antennae,  bilineate  with  pale 
yellow :  thorax  darker  than  the  elytra,  rough  with  minute  spines 
and  hairs  ;  anterior  and  inferior  margins  yellow,  interrupted  above '■> 
basal  margin  with  a  transverse  yellow  spot  each  side :  elytra  with 
a  transverse  spot  on  each  near  the  base;  an  undulated  narrow  band 
across  the  middle,  rising  along  the  suture  nearly  to  the  scutel ;  an 
undulated  transverse  band  behind  the  middle,  and  a  terminal  band ; 
postpectus  with  the  incisures  margined  with  yellow  :  venter, 
having  the  segments  margined  with  yellow. 

Obs.  I  caught  the  two  sexes  of  this  species  in  the  North  West 
Territory,  when  traversing  that  part  of  the  Union  with  Major 
Long's  party.  It  seems  to  have  some  resemblance  to  the  C.  mu- 
cronatus  Fabricius,of  South  America  ;  but  the  elytra  are  not  mu- 
cronate,  and  the  markings  of  the  superior  surface  of  the  body 
are  different. 

The  right  figure  of  the  plate. 


120  AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

Clytus  caprea. —  Specific  character.  Fuscous;  thorax  with 
the  anterior  edge  yellow ;  elytra  with  four  bands  at  tip,  yellow. 

0.  caprea  nobis,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sei.  vol.  iii.  p.  424. 

Dcsc.  Body  blackish,  hairy :  head  immaculate ;  antennae  short, 
dull  rufous  :  thorax  very  hairy ;  a  longitudinal  series  of  trans- 
verse, abbreviated,  elevated  lines,  of  which  the  anterior  one  is 
much  more  elevated  :  a  yellow  line  on  the  anterior  edge,  inter- 
rupted on  the  side  :  scutel  small,  black  :  elytra  dark  brown,  black- 
ish towards  the  base ;  four  bands  and  tip  yellow  :  the  first  and 
second  bands  on  each  elytrum  are  united  in  the  form  of  a  circle, 
only  interrupted  by  the  prominent  humerus ;  third  band  central, 
and  representing  a  common  M ;  fourth  band  drawn  obliquely 
backward  from  from  the  suture ;  tip  emarginate,  a  prominent 
spine  at  the  exterior  angle :  abdomen  and  posterior  portion  of  the 
postpectus  fasciate  with  bright  yellow  sericeous  hair :  feet  hairy, 
rufous  or  blackish ;  posterior  pair  elongated ;  thighs  dilated  mu- 
cronate  at  tip. 

Obs.  A  handsome  species,  easily  distinguished  from  others 
by  the  rugous  thoracic  line,  combined  with  the  0  0  at  the  base 
of  the  elytra.  It  inhabits  this  State,  and  Mr  T.  Nuttall  pre 
sented  me  with  many  specimens  which  he  found  in  Arkansaw. 
The  bands  of  the  elytra  are  sometimes  white. 

The  left  figure  of  the  plate. 

[This  was  subsequently  described  as  C.  elcvatus  and  C.  gibbi- 
collis  Lap  and  Gory. — Lec] 

DANAUS.    Plate  LIV. 

Generic  character.  Anterior  feet  spurious  in  both  sexes  ;  an- 
tennas terminated  by  a  club ;  palpi  distant,  subcylindric,  slender, 
short ;  inferior  wings  rounded,  not  forming  a  groove  for  the  re- 
ception of  the  abdomen;  nails  of  the  tarsi  simple. 

Obs.  Latreille  established  this  genus  to  comprehend  the  Fa- 
brician  genera  Euploea  and  Idea.  They  were  included  in  the 
genus  Papilio  by  Linnseus,  and  formed  part  of  his  division  of 
Danai  festivi. 

Danaus  plexippus — Specific  character.  Wings  entire,  ful- 
vous, with  dilated  black  veins,  margin  black,  with  white  dots. 

Papilio  danaus  plexippus  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  Grind,  vol.  i.  part  5, 
p.  2278 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  121 

Papilio  plexippw  ('rum.  vol.  iii.  p.  24,  pi.  20(i,  figs.  E  and  F. 
Ilerbst.  Natur.  vol.  vii.  p.  10,  pi.  15G,  figs.  1,  2. 

Catesby,  Carolina,  vol.  ii.  pi.  88. 

Linmus  feruginea  plexippe  Hubner. 

Papilio  archippus  Smith,  Ins.  of  Georgia,  vol.  i.  pi.  6. 

Desc.  Superior  wings  above  fulvous)  anterior  margin  black, 
with  white  dots  ;  exterior  margin  black,  with  a  double  series  of 
white  dots ;  the  black  at  the  tip  is  very  broad,  and  contains  a 
dilated,  interrupted,  and  abbreviated  fulvous  baud,  and  several 
pale  fulvous  spots  ;  posterior  margin  black,  immaculate  ;  beneath 
as  above,  but  the  spots  are  of  a  purer  white ;  inferior  wings  en- 
tire, sometimes  a  little  crenate,  fulvous,  with  a  black  posterior, 
and  half  of  the  exterior  margins  black,  the  former  with  a  double 
row  of  white  spots,  of  which  those  of  the  middle  are  sometimes 
nearly  obsolete,  outer  margin  with  a  single  series  of  three  or  four 
white  spots ;  nervures  of  the  disk  margined  with  fuscous,  with 
an  elevated  spot  behind  the  middle,  on  the  third  nervure  from 
the  inner  margin  ;  beneath  ochreous,  in  other  respects  resembling 
the  superior  surface,  but  the  spots  are  of  a  purer  white  and 
larger,  the  nervures  are  more  dilated,  black,  edged  more  or  less 
deeply  with  white  ;  body  black,  with  numerous  white  dots  on  the 
trunk,  and  a  few  on  the  head  and  neck  above ;  feet  blued  black. 
Obs.  The  black  margin  of  the  superior  surfiice  of  the  wings 
has  an  opalescent  gloss  in  a  particular  light.  The  larva  is  an- 
nulate with  black  and  white,  with  two  slender  processes  on  the 
anterior  part  of  the  body,  and  two  on  the  posterior  part.  The 
pupa  is  of  a  delicate  green  color,  with  dots  of  burnished  gold.  It 
feeds  on  different  species  of  Asclepias,  and  is  very  abundant  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Philadelphia,  on  the  A.  syriaca,  and  accord- 
ing to  Abbott  in  South  Carolina,  on  the  A.  curassavica.  I  con- 
sider the  present  as  the  plexippw,  on  the  authority  of  Gmelin, 
who  in  his  edition  of  the  Systemata  Naturae,  states  its  native 
country  to  be  North  America.  I  have  of  course  omitted  many 
synonyms  and  references  which  that  author  has  inserted,  as  I 
consider  them  to  be  doubtful.  Catesby's  figure  cannot  be  mis- 
taken ;  he  states  that  the  species  is  "  common  in  most  of  the 
northern  colonies  in  America." 

The  plate  represents  two  views  of  the  insect. 


EXPLANATION 

OP 

TERMS  USED  IN  E'NTOMOLOGY. 


A. 

Abbreviated,  shortened,  not  extending  to  the  extremity  of  a  given 
part ;  (elytra)  shorter  than  the  abdomen. 

Abdomen,  the  posterior  portion  of  the  body,  divided  into  segments 
or  rings,  by  sutures  or  incisures ;  including  the  viscera,  geni- 
tals, &c,  and  composed   of  tergum,  venter,  stigmata,  and  anus. 

Abrupt,  terminating  suddenly,  not  drawn  out  to  a  point. 

Acetabuliform,  like  a  circular  shallow  saucer,  the  sides  of  which 
are  more  or  less  incurved.     See  calathiform. 

Acetabulum,  that  segment  of  the  postpectus  that  is  situated  behind 
the  per istacthium  ;  it  is  bounded  each  side  by  the  parapleurse, 
and  behind  by  the  meerianse ;  it  contains  cavities  before  for 
the  insertion  of  the  intermediate  feet. 

Acicular,  needle-shaped ;  approaching  subulate,  but  more  slen- 
der, with  a  more  delicate  and  pungent  point ;  closely  allied  to 
acerose. 

Acinaciform,  cimitar-shaped  ;  sabre-shaped ;  one  thick  and  straight 
edge,  the  other  thin  and  curved. 

Acini,  granulations. 

Aculeate,  prickly ;  furnished  with,  or  ending  in,  prickles ;  armed 
with  small  sharp  points. 

Aculeate-serrate,  armed  with  numerous  short  spines  or  prickles 
inclining  towards  one  end. 

Actdei,  prickles ;  small  sharp  points. 

Aculeus,  the  instrument  and  appendages  with  which  the  female 
lays  her  eggs ;  the  oviduct  or  sting ;  an  elongated  dart,  often 
poisonous,  seated  in  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen  ;  it  is  com- 
pound, having  two  or  more  darts;  exserted,  projecting;  re- 
condite, concealed ;  retractile,  capable  of  being  withdrawn ; 
simple,  having  but  one  point;  or  vaginate  ;  inclosed  in  a  bivalve 
sheath ;  it  is  composed  of  vcdvse,  vagina,  and  spicule. 


124  AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

Acuminated,  tapering  to  a  point ;  a  point  lengthened  out. 

Acute,  sharp  pointed. 

Adnate,  connected;  adhering  or  growing  together;  adjoining; 
(abdomen)  attached  to  the  thorax  without  the  intervention  of 
a,  petiole. 

Adpressed,  contiguous;  pressed  to,  or  laid  to. 

uEquata,  equal. 

jEroscepsin,  a  supposed  unknown  sense,  of  which  the  antennae 
are,  by  some,  believed  to  be  the  organs. 

JEruginom,  the  color  of  verdegris;  light  bluish-green. 

Alse,  wings. 

Alatcd,  winged;  furnished  with  wings,  or  with  projecting  bodies 
somewhat  like  wings. 

Alb  id  us,  a  dusky  white. 

Albus,  white. 

Alternate,  so  placed  that  between  two  on  one  side,  there  is  but 
one  on  the  opposite  side ;  or  a  series  of  spots  on  the  chequer- 
board  would  be  said  to  be  alternately  black,  or  alternately 
white.     See  opposite. 

Alveolate,  furnished  with  cells. 

Alveole,  a  cell  like  that  of  a  honeycomb. 

Ambulator?/,  formed  for  walking.     See  saltatory,  cursory. 

Anal  angle,  the  inner  posterior  angle  of  the  inferior  wings  of  the 
Lepidoptera. 

Anastomosing,  inosculating,  or  running  into  each  other  like 
veins. 

Anastomosis,  a  spot  in  the  upper  wing,  at  the  branching  of  the 
nervures,  near  the  costal  edge ;  the  stigma ;  in  general  this 
word  is  used  to  indicate  the  connection  of  any  two  nervures  of 
wing,  by  means  of  a  transverse  nervure. 

Anceps,  two-edged,  very  similar  to  ensiform. 

Ancipital,  having  two  opposite  edges  or  angles. 

Annulata,  or  annulosa,  one  of  the  four  great  types  into  which 
Cuvier  divides  the  animal  kingdom ;  it  consists  of  those  ani- 
mals whose  bodies  are  more  or  less  divided  transversely  into 
segments.  It  includes  the  classes  Crustacea,  Myriapoda,  Arach- 
nides,  Insecta,  and  Vermes. 

Annulate,  or  anmdated,  furnished  with  colored  rings;  marked 
with  differently  colored  ambulations. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  125 

Annulus,  a  ring;  the  circumference  of  the  gula  in  which  the 
lora  terminates ;  a  term  applied  to  colored  rings  upon  the  body 
or  members,  differing  from  a  land,  by  being  continued  quite 
round. 

Antennae,  two  articulated  organs  of  sensation,  situated  on  the 
head ;  in  the  Hymenoptera  particularly,  they  are  divided  into 
radicula,  scapus,  pedicettus,  and  apex;  they  are  moniliform, 
setaceous,  clavate,  &c. 

Anterior  angle,  of  the  thorax,  is  the  lateral  angle  near  the  head 
on  each  side. 

Anterior  margin,  the  margin  on  the  anterior  side  of  the  wings, 
extending  from  the  base  to  the  apex;  the  costal  margin; 
opposite  to  the  posterior  margin. 

Anterior  palpi,  the  labial  palpi. 

Anterior  icings,  the  superior  icings. 

Antipenultimate,  the  last  but  two. 

Anus,  the  apex  of  the  abdomen,  in  which  the  organs  of  genera- 
tion in  most  insects  are  attached  or  concealed;  including  fim- 
bria, aculeus,  and  pern's. 

AjJcx,  in  general  indicates  the  terminal  portion  of  any  organ  or 
part  of  the  body ;  (of  the  wing)  it  is  that  part  or  angle  which 
is  opposed  to,  or  at  the  greatest  distance  from,  the  base  ;  (ligula) 
the  portion  which  is  not  included  in  the  tubus ;  (maxillae)  that 
portion  which  is  above  the  palpus. 

Apiculate,  covered  with  fleshy,  erect,  short  points.  See  verru- 
cose. 

Apodal,  (larvae)  with  simple  tubercles  instead  of  feet.  See 
geometrse. 

Apophysis,  the  coxse  ;  the  two  small  basal  joints  of  the  feet.  See 
trochanter  and  flocculus. 

Approaching,  con  verging. 

Approximate,  near  to,  near  together ;  (antennae)  close  together 
at  base. 

Aptera,  insects  without  wings ;  many  of  the  Coleoptera  are  des- 
titute of  wings,  and  in  most  of  such  species  the  elytra  are 
inseparable :  the  females  of  several  species  of  the  Lepidoptera 
are  also  destitute  of  wings ;  as  are  also  some  of  the  Hymenop- 
tera. 

Arachnoid 'eons,  cobweb-like  ;  resembling  a  cobweb. 


126  AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

Arcuated,  or  arquated,  bowed. 

Arese,  or  Areolse,  wing  cells ;  the  membranaceous  spaces  between 
the  nervures ;  the  cellules. 

Aristate,  or  setarious,  (antennaj)  furnished  with  a  hair,  which 
arises  from  the  superior,  lateral,  or  terminal  portion  of  the  ter- 
minal joint,  as  in  the  common  house-fly.  See  clavate,  lamel- 
late. 

Articulate,  divided  into  distinct  joints. 

Articulation,  joint;  this  word  is  generally  used  to  denote  the 
space  between  two  joints;  articulations  are  apparent,  when 
their  distinction  is  obvious,  and  obsolete,  when  their  separa- 
tion are  not,  or  hardly  visible.  The  Coleopteva  have  generally 
eleven  articulations  to  each  antenna,  the  Hemiptera  four  to 
six,  the  Hymenoptera  commonly  thirteen  in  the  males  and 
twelve  in  the  females. 

Artus,  the  members;  the  instruments  of  motion,  wings,  feet,  &c. 

Asperous,  rugged ;  with  very  distinct  elevated  dots,  more  uneven 
than  scabrous. 

Assurgent,  rising ;  declining  at  the  base,  and  rising  in  a  curved 
manner  to  an  erect  posture. 

Ater,  the  deepest  black. 

Atomus,  a  minute  dot  or  point. 

Atrojmrjmreus,  dark  purplish,  almost  black. 

Atrovirens,  dark  green,  approaching  blackish. 

Attenuated,  growing  slender;  tapering. 

Aurantiacus,  orange  color ;  a  mixture  of  yellow  and  red.  See 
fidvous. 

Aurelia,  that  state  of  the  imperfect  insect  which  succeeds  the 
larva  ;  the  chrysalis  or  quiescent  state  of  transformation  of  an 
insect,  in  which  it  is  often  inclosed  in  a  separate  hard  cocoon 
ox  follicle.     See  nymplia,  pupa. 

Aureus,  golden-yellow. 

Auricle,  or  auricula,  an  appendage  resembling  a  little  ear;  a 
short  membranaceous  process,  placed  laterally  on  the  tongue, 
it  is  peculiar  to  the  family  Andrenidae ;  they  are  distinguished 
from  the  lacinise  interiores  of  the  Apidae  by  being  usually 
serrate  at  tip ;  they  are  the  "  petites  parties  en  forme  de  bar- 
billons  "  of  Degeer ;  a  depressed  lateral,  rounded  lobe  of  the 
thorax. 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  127 

Axillary,  placed  in  the  crotch  or  angle  of  the  origin  of  two 
bodies;  arising  from  the  angles  of  ramification. 

Assure,  azure-blue ;  nearly  the  same  as  cseruleus,  but  more  like 
ultramarine. 

B. 

Bad  his,  chestnut  or  liver  brown. 

Barb,  a  kind  of  spine  armed  with  teeth  pointing  backwards. 

Barbated,  or  bearded,  (antennae)  having  tufts*  or  fascicles  of  hair 
at  the  articulations ;  (abdomen)  tufted  with  hair  at  the  sides 
or  tip. 

Basal,  or  basilar,  relating  to  the  base. 

Base,  (of  the  wing  or  elytra)  that  part  which  is  attached  to  the 
thorax  :  (of  the  thorax)  that  part  which  is  nearest  to  the  elytra; 
(of  the  abdomen)  the  part  nearest  to  the  metafhorax;  (of  the 
tongue)  the  portion  included  in  the  tubus;  (of  the  maxilla?) 
the  part  below  the  palpus,  including  cardo  smdpecten. 

Bearded,  barbated. 

Bicaudatc,  having  two  tails  or  processes ;  this  term  is  gener- 
ally applied  to  the  posterior  wings  of  Lepidoptera  when  thus 
formed. 

Bieornute,  two-horned. 

Bicuspidate,  ending  in  two  points. 

Bifarious,  pointing  in  opposite  directions. 

Bifid,  cleft;  cloven  in  two.     See  emarginafe,  furcate,  biparted. 

Bijugum,  in  two  pairs. 

Bilamellar,  divided  into  two  laminae. 

Bi/obate,  divided  into  two  lobes. 

Biloeular,  having  two  cells  or  compartments. 

Binate,  in  pairs  :  consisting  of  a  single  pair. 

Biparted,  profoundly  divided  into  two  parts.     See  bifid. 

Bipupillate,  an  ocellate  spot,  having  two  pupils  or  dots  within  it, 
of  a  different  color. 

Biradiate,  consisting  of  two  rays. 

Bisetous,  furnished  with  two  setaceous  appendages. 

Bivalve,  (proboscis)  consisting  of  two  valves  or  divisions  united, 
so  as  to  form  a  tube. 

Blind,  or  suboceUate,  applied  to  an  eye-like  spot  which  is  desti- 
tute of  the  central  spot  or  pupil. 


128  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Body,  includes  every  part  of  the  insect,  and  is  divided  into  head, 

thorax,  and  abdomen. 
Boreal,  of  or  belonging  to  the  north. 
Botryoidal,  clustered  like  a  bunch  of  grapes. 
Brachial  tier  cures,  those  nervures  of  the  anterior  wing  that  ori- 
ginate at  the  thorax,  and  run  somewhat  parallel  with  the  inte- 
rior edge,  towards  the  posterior  angle  or  posterior  edge,  often 
connected  with  the  cubital  cellules  by  means  of  the  recurrent 
nervures. 
Bronze,  the  color  of  old  brass. 
Brunncus,  pure  very  dark  brown. 
Bullate,  blistered. 

C. 
Caducus,  shedding ;  easily  and  quickly  falling  off. 
C&ruleus,  color  of  the  sky;  sky-blue. 
Csesius,  pale  blue,  approaching  gray. 
Calathiform,    bowl-shaped  :    hemispherical   and    concave.      See 

crater  iform,  procid  iform. 
CJalcarate,  having  a  spur. 

Calyculate,  double-cupped :  one  cup  placed  within  another. 
Campanulate,  bell-shaped  :  more  or  less  ventricose   at  the  base, 

and  a  little  recurved  at  the  margin. 
Canaliculate,  channelled  :   excavated   longitudinally,  with  a  con- 
cave line  in  the  middle. 
Cancellatc,  or   cancelled,  cross-barred ;    latticed ;    having    longi- 
tudinal lines  or  grooves  decussate  by  transverse  ones. 
Canus,  hoary,  with  more  white  than  gray. 

Capillary,  hair-like;  long  and  slender  like  a  hair.     See fil iform. 
Capitate,  having  a  head;  terminating  in  a  little  head  or  knob; 

it  differs  from  elavate  by  a  more  abrupt  enlargement. 
Capitulum,  the   dilated  or  labiated  termination  of  a  proboscis ; 

the  enlarged  tip  of  the  haltcres. 
Caput,  the  head. 

Cardo,  or  cardincs,  in  Hymenoptera,  is  a  transverse  corneous 
body,  situated  between  the  base  of  the  maxilke  and  the  hra: 
they  are  mentioned  by  Swammerdam  as  organs,  by  which,  in 
conjunction  with  the  fulcrum,  the  proboscis  is  united  to  the 
head. 
Carina,  a  keel. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  129 

Carinate,  keeled ;  resembling  a  keel ;  having  a  longitudinal  pro- 
minence like  the  keel  of  a  boat. 

Carious,  corroded,  or  having  the  appearance  of  being  worm-eaten. 

Carneous,  flesh-colored. 

Carjms,  or  punctum,  is  at  the  extremity  of  the  radius  and  cu- 
bitus of  the  anterior  wing ;  this  is  the  joint  in  the  wing  of 
some  insects,  by  means  of  which  it  is  folded  transversely :  it 
has  been  called  stigma  in  the  Neuroptera,  and  is  often  opake. 

Cartilaginous,  of  the  consistence  of  cartilage  or  gristle. 

Caruncle,  a  soft,  naked,  fleshy  excrescence. 

Cataphr acted,  invested  with  a  hard  callous  skin,  or  with  scale* 
closely  united. 

Caterpillar,  the  larva  or  eruca. 

Cauda,  the  tail :  the  posterior  and  terminal  part  of  the  abdomen  ; 
an  appendage  of  any  kind  terminating  the  abdomen  is  usually 
called  by  this  name.     See  amis. 

Caudate,  generally  applied  to  the  posterior  wings  of  Lepidop- 
tera,  to  indicate  tail-like  projections  or  processes. 

Caudulse,  tailets  ;  little  tails. 

Cellule,  a  portion  of  the  wing  included  between  the  nervures.  See 
radial  cellule. 

Cemuous,  bent ;  the  apex  bent  downward.     See  nutant. 

Cespitose,  matted  together. 

Cheek,  the  gena  ;  a  portion  of  the  head  beneath  the  eyes  on  each 
side. 

Chela,  the  terminal  portion  of  a  foot,  which  has  a  moveable 
lateral  toe  like  the  claw  of  crab. 

Chrysalis,  the  second  stage  of  the  insect  from  the  egg ;  particu- 
larly the  second  state  of  Lepidopterous  insects,  of  which  cater- 
pillar or  eruca  is  the  first ;  the  pupa. 

Cicatrix,  a  scar;  an  elevated,  rigid  spot. 

Ciliate,  fringed ;  set  with  parallel  hairs,  bristles,  &c. 

Cinereous,  ash-color ;  gray  tinged  a  little  with  blackish ;  the  color 
of  wood  ashes. 

Cingula,  a  colored  band. 

Circinal,  spirally  rolled  inwards  and  downwards,  as  in  the  lingua 
of  Lepidoptera. 

Class,  one  of  the  principal  divisions  in  a  system  or  arrangement 
of  natural  bodies. 

9 


130  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Clavate,  club-shaped ;  gradually  becoming  thicker  towards  the 
end.     See  capitate. 

Claw,  the  imguis. 

Clypeus,  the  superior  portion  of  the  head  in  Coleopterous  insects. 

Coadunate,  joined  together  at  base;  two  or  more  joined  together; 
(elytra)  permanently  united  at  the  suture. 

Coarctate,  contracted ;  compact ;  opposed  to  effuse ;  (metamor- 
phose) that  species  of  change  in  which  the  pupa  assumes  a 
cylindrical  shape,  all  the  members  of  the  body  being  concealed 
as  in  the  family  of  Hippobosca.  See  incomplete,  semicom- 
plete. 

Cocardes,  retractile  vesicular  bodies  on  each  side  of  the  stethi- 
dium  of  insects  of  the  genus  Malachius. 

Coccineous,  the  color  of  the  blossom  of  the  saffron. 

Cochleate,  twisted  spirally  like  a  screw,  or  a  univalve  shell. 

Cocoon,  a  follicle. 

Coenogonous,  oviparous  at  one  season  of  the  year,  and  ovovivi- 
parous  at  another,  as  the  Aphides. 

Coleoptera,  the  first  order  of  insects,  having1  coriaceous  elytra, 
not  lapped  one  over  the  other  at  tip ;  coriaceous  elytra. 

Collar,  the  collum. 

Collare,  the  somewhat  elevated  posterior  part  of  the  collum. 

Collum,  the  neck  or  collar ;  the  anterior  segment  of  the  trunk 
in  such  insects  as  have  that  part  of  the  body  divided  into  several 
pieces,  as  in  the  Hymenoptera,  Lepidoptera,  &c. ;  in  reality 
it  corresponds  with  the  thorax  of  the  Coleoptera,  &c.  See 
collare. 

Columnar,  differs  from  cylindric,  by  tapering  towards  one  end, 
like  the  shaft  of  a  column. 

Comose,  ending  in  a  tuft,  or  kind  of  brush.     See  plumose. 

Compressed,  flattened  laterally;  the  transverse  diameter  much 
shorter  than  the  vertical  diameter.     See  depressed. 

Concolores,  applied  to  the  wings  of  Lepidopterous  insects  when 
their  superior  and  inferior  surfaces  are  of  the  same  color. 

Conduplicate,  doubled,  or  folded  together. 

Conflect,  crowded,  clustered ;  opposed  to  sparse. 

Confluent,  running  into  one  another. 

Congested,  heaped  together. 

Conglomerate,  congregated. 

Conjugate,  consisting  of  a  single  pair. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  131 

Connate,  united  at  base. 

Connivent,  converging  or  approaching;  closing. 

Contiguous,  touching;  placed  so  near  as  to  touch.  See  approxi- 
mate. 

Contorted,  twisted ;  incumbent  upon  each  other  in  an  oblique 
direction. 

Convolute,  rolled  or  twisted  spirally :  (wings)  wrapping  around 
the  body,  the  outer  surface  being  convex.  See  revolute,  in- 
volute. 

Con ve rijing,  approaching  each  other  towards  the  tip;  connivent. 

Corbicula,  in  many  species  of  Hynienoptera,  is  a  fringe  of  hairs 
on  the  posterior  tibiae,  arising  from  the  margins  of  the  limb 
only.     See  scopa. 

Cordate,  heart-shaped  :  it  is  not  absolutely  necessary  that  an 
emargination  should  exist  on  the  anterior  part,  but  it  requires 
that  the  object  be  somewhat  triangular  with  the  corners  of  the 
base  rounded. 

Coriaceous,  leather-like ;  thick,  tough,  and  somewhat  rigid. 

Corneous,  of  a  horny  substance;  resembling  horn. 

Corniform,  horn-shaped ;  long,  mucronate,  or  pointed. 

Cornutus,  horn-shaped. 

Corona,  a  crown-like  apppearance. 

Corpus,  the  body. 

Corrugated,  wrinkled. 

Costa,  the  thickened  anterior  margin  of  a  wing,  between  the  base 
and  apex.     See  stigma. 

Costal-margin,  the  anterior  margin  of  wing. 

C^state,  ribbed;  marked  with  elevated  thickened  lines. 

Coxoz,  the  two-jointed  base  of  the  feet;  the  apophysis,  consisting 
of  the  patella  and  trochanter. 

Crateriform,  somewhat  like  calathi/orm,  but  not  so  much  in- 
flated, and  rather  approaching  to  infundibuliform.  See  urceo- 
late. 

Crenate,  scolloped ;  differs  from  serrate  and  dentate,  in  having 
rounded  teeth,  not  directed  towards  either  end. 

Cruciate,  cross-shaped;  having  the  shape  of  a  cross;  (wings) 
incumbent,  but  the  inner  margins  lay  one  over  the  other. 

Crustaceous,  somewhat  hard,  elastic,  resisting  the  pressure  of  the 
finger. 


132  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Cubital-cellule,  a  portion  of  the  superior  wing,  included  be- 
tween the  nervure  of  the  radial  cellule  and  a  nervure  which 
originates  near  the  extremity  of  the  cubitus,  and  runs  in  a 
curvilinear  direction  towards  the  extremity  of  the  wing;  it  is 
complete  if  this  nervure  reaches  the  posterior  edge,  and  incom- 
plete if  the  nervure  is  abbreviated ;  it  is  often  divided  into  two 
or  three  parts  by  transverse  nervures  ;  when  one  of  these  parts 
or  small  cellules  appears  to  be  supported  by  a  petiole  it  is 
termed  a  petiolated  cellule  ;  it  is  called  submarginal  cellule  by 
some  authors. 

Cubitus,  the  second  nervure  of  the  exterior  margin  of  the  wing, 
extending  from  the  base  to  the  carpus  ;  it  is  separated  from 
the  radius  by  an  intermediate  membrane. 

Cucullate,  cone-shaped ;  hooded. 

Cultrate,  shaped  like  a  pruning-knife. 

Cuneiform,  wedge-shaped ;  broad  and  truncated  at  one  end,  and 
attenuated  to  the  other. 

Cupreous,  coppery ;  the  color  of  copper. 

Cuspidate,  prickly-pointed ;  ending  in  a  sharp  point;  an  acu- 
minated point  ending  in  a  bristle.     See  mucronate. 

Cursory,  formed  for  running.     See  natatory. 

Cyathiform,  wineglass-shaped ;  more  or  less  obconical  and  con- 
cave.    See  calaihiform,  acetabuli/orm. 

Cyaneus,  dark-blue,  like  prussian-blue. 

Cydariform,  globose,  but  truncated  at  two  opposite  sides. 

Cymbiform,  boat-shaped ;  navicidar. 

J). 

Deciduous,  falling  off  easily.     See  caducus. 

Decrepitant,  crackling. 

Decumbent,  bending  down  ;  upright  at  base,  and  bending  down 
at  tip.     See  prommbent. 

Decurreni,  closely  attached  to,  and  running  down  another  body. 

Decurved,  bowed  downwards.     See  excurved. 

Decussated,  in  cross-pairs ;  pairs  alternately  crossing  each  other. 

Deflected,  bent  downwards ;  (wings)  incumbent  but  not  hori- 
zontally, the  outer  edges  declining  towards  the  sides. 

Dehiscent,  gaping;  open  or  standing  open;  deeply  emarginate. 

Deltoid,  triangular  spear-shaped ;  trowel-shaped ;  having  the 
general  appearance  of  a  triangle,  with  the  terminal  angle  much 
further  from  the  base  than  the  lateral  ones. 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  133 

Dendroid,  shrub-like ;  having  the  appearance  of  a  little  tree. 

Dentate,  toothed ;  with  acute  teeth,  the  sides  of  which  arc  equal, 
the  tip  being  opposite  to  the  middle  of  the  base.     See  serrate. 

Dentate-serrate,  tooth-serrated;  the  denticulations  being  them- 
selves serrated  on  their  edges. 

Dentate-sinuate,  toothed  and  indented. 

Denticulated,  set  with  little  teeth  or  notches. 

Dcnudrd,  or  denudated,  destitute  of  covering;  (wings)  without 
scales  or  hair. 

Dependent,  hanging  down. 

Depressed,  pressed  downward  :  more  or  less  flattened  vertically  ; 
the  vertical  diameter  much  shorter  than  the  transverse  diame- 
ter.    See  compressed. 

Detonant,  exploding ;  emitting  a  sudden  noise. 

Diaphanous,  semitransparent ;  clear. 

Dichotomous,  forked  ;  dividing  by  pairs. 

Diffracted,  bending  in  different  directions. 

Diffuse,  spreading. 

Digitate,  finger-like :  divided  like  fingers  nearly  to  the  base. 

Digitus,  the  terminal  joints  of  the  tarsus  and  manus  divided  into 
unguis  and  pidvillus. 

Dimidiatus,  half  round ;  extending  half  way  round ;  (elytra) 
covering  but  half  the  terguni. 

Dioptrate,  applied  to  an  ocellate  spot,  of  which  the  pupil  is  di- 
vided by  a  transverse  line. 

Diptera,  that  order  of  insects  comprehending  those  that  have 
only  two  wings. 

Disk,  the  surface  within  the  margin. 

Dislocated,  applied  to  designate  a  stria  or  line  which  is  inter- 
rupted in  its  continuity,  but  of  which  the  tips  at  the  inter- 
rupted parts  are  not  in  a  right  line  with  each  other. 

Dissilient,  bursting  open  elastically. 

Distinct,  (antennae)  not  united  at  base. 

Divaricate,  straddling ;  spreading  out;  (wings)  incumbent,  but 
diverging  behind. 

Diverging,  spreading  out  widely,  so  as  to  form  nearly  a  right, 
angle. 

Dolabriform,  hatchet-shaped ;  compressed  with  a  very  promi- 
nent dilated  keel  and  cylindrical  base.     See  securiform. 


134  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Dorsal,  of  the  back. 

Dorsum,  the  posterior  portion  of  the  stetliidium  on  the  superior 
surface  of  the  body,  directly  above  the  postpectus,  and  bounded 
behind  by  the  tergum;  in  the  Coleoptera  it  is  covered  by  the 
basal  portion  of  the  elytra. 

Duplicate,  doubled. 

E. 

Ecalcarate,  without  a  spur  or  horn. 

EcMnate,  set  with  prickles. 

Edentulous,  destitute  of  teeth. 

Edge,  of  a  surface,  is  that  line  which  includes  the  margin,  and 
forms  the  extreme  boundary ;  the  elytra  of  many  Coleoptera 
have  a  deflected  margin  beneath  the  edge  called  epipleura. 

EJlected,  bent  outwards  somewhat  angularly. 

Egg,  the  first  state  of  the  insect. 

Elliptical,  elongate-oval ;  differs  from  oval  by  having ^he^  lines 
nearly  parallel  in  the  middle. 

Elytra,  coriaceous,  opake,  more  or  less  solid  lamellae,  separated 
in  repose  by  a  rectilinear  suture,  substituted  for  the  anterior 
wings  and  covering  the  dorsum  and  tergum  in  repose ;  in- 
cluding base,  tip,  humerus,  and  epipleura.     See  liemelytra. 

Emarginate,  notched ;  terminating  in  an  acute  notch  at  tip. 
See  sinuate. 

Ensiform,  sword-shaped ;  two-edged,  large  at  base,  and  tapering 
towards  the  point.     See  ancipital. 

Entire,  (wings)  with  a  simple  margin ;  not  indented  on  the  edge. 

Epxipillate,  an  ocellate  spot  included  by  a  colored  ring,  but  desti- 
tute of  a  pupil  or  central  dot. 

Epipleura,  the  deflexed  or  inflexed  margin  of  the  elytra,  imme- 
diately beneath  the  edge. 

Equal,  superfices  without  inequalities,  not  canaliculated,  striated, 
punctured,  &c. ;  this  term  differs  from  plane,  in  not  requiring 
the  part  to  be  level  or  in  a  rectilinear  direction,  but  occurs  in 
round  bodies ;  also  applied  to  bodies  of  the  same  length. 

Equitant,  folded  one  upon  the  other ;  laminated. 

Erect,  upright ;  nearly  but  not  absolutely  perpendicular  to  the 
horizon.     See  vertical. 

Eroded,  gnawed ;  as  if  worm-eaten ;  (edge)  with  irregular  teeth 
and  emarginations. 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  135 

Eruca,  the  state  of  Lepidopterous  insects  succeeding  the  egg; 
caterpillar  :  larva. 

Escutcheon,  the  scutel. 

Essential  character,  a  peculiar  trait,  distinguishing  the  genus  or 
species  from  all  others. 

Exaratus,  sulcated. 

Exarticidate,  having  no  distinct  joints. 

Excaudate,  or  ecaudate,  (wings)  destitute  of  tail-like  processes. 

Excurved,  curved  outwards. 

Explanate,  spread  out ;  flat. 

Exscutcllate,  having  no  scutel. 

Exscrted,  protruded;  opposed  to  inclosed;  (aculeus)  projecting, 
not  concealed  within  the  body. 

Extended,  (wings)  not  lying  one  upon  the  other. 

Exterior  edge,  or  anterior  edge,  of  the  wings;  it  extends  from 
the  base  to  the  apex. 

Exterior  margin,  (wing)  the  anterior  margin  from  the  base  to  the 
apex. 

Exterior  palpi,  the  maxillary  palpi. 

Exuvia,  the  cast-off  skin,  the  rejected  covering.     See  vernantia. 

Eyes,  organs  of  sight,  composed  of  very  numerous  hexagonal 
lenses ;  all  insects  have  two  eyes  besides  the  stemmata. 

F. 

Face,  or  fades,  the  anterior  and  superior  portion  of  the  head; 
including  vertex,  stemmata,  eyes,  front,  and  nasus. 

Falcate,  shaped  like  a  sickle ;  convexly  curved  before  and  con- 
cave behind. 

Farctus,  filled  full. 

Fascia,  a  tranverse  band  or  broad  line ;  a  fascia  is  said  to  be 
common,  when  it  passes  over  both  the  superior  and  inferior 
wings,  as  in  many  species  of  Lepidoptera,  or  when  it  passes 
across  the  two  elytra  in  Coleoptera.     See  striga. 

Fasciated,  banded. 

Fascicle,  a  bundle. 

Fasciculate,  bundled ;  clustered  as  in  a  bundle ;  tufted. 

Fastigiate,  flat-topped ;  of  an  equal  height. 

Fatiscent,  spontaneously  mouldering  and  falling  to]  pieces  in  the 
air. 


136  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Favose,  honeycomb-like ;  with  large  deep  holes  like  the  cells  of 

a  honeycomb.     See  scrobiculate. 
Feelers,  the  palpi. 
Feet,  six  organs  of  motion  situated  beneath  the  body;  consisting  of 

apophysis,  femur,  tibia,  mantis,  tarsus,  plant  us,  and  palma. 
Femur,  the  thigh,  or  third  joint  of  the  feet. 
Fenestrate,  applied  to  the  naked  hyaline  spots  on  the  wings  of 

many  of  the  Lepidoptera. 
Ferruginous,  the  color  of  the  oxide  of  iron ;  brown  approaching 

yellow. 
Filate,  (antennae)'siniple,  without  a  lateral  hair  or  dilatation ;  this 

word  is  used  in  the  order  Diptera. 
Filiform,  thread-shaped ;  slender  and  of  equal  thickness.     See 

setaceous,  clavate. 
Filose,  ending  in  a  thread-like  process. 
Fimbria,  thick  ciliated  hairs  at  the  termination  of  the  abdomen ; 

conspicuous  in  the  genus  Andrena.     See  scopa,  flocculus. 
Fimbriated,  fringed. 
Fissile,  cloven ;  divided  into  parallel  lamellae,  as  in  the  antennae 

of  Scarabaeus,  and  the  wings  of  the  Alucitadae.     See  lamellate 
Fissure,  a  crevice  ;  a  narrow  solution  of  continuity. 
Fistular,  hollow ;  applied  to  a  hollow  cylinder. 
Flabelliform,  fan-shaped. 
Flaccid,  limber;  feeble;  lax. 
Flagellum,  the  terminal  portion  of  the  antennae  situated  beyond 

the  pedicellus  ;  the  apex. 
Flavo-virens,  green  verging  upon  yellow. 
Flexuous,  zig-zag   without  acute  angles  ;  seems  to   differ   from 

undulated  in  being  alternately  bent  and  nearly  straight. 
Flocculus,  a  hairy  or  bristly  appendage  of  the  posterior  apophysis 

in  a  few  of  the  Hymenoptera.     See  fimbria. 
Fluviatile,  inhabiting  rivers,  as  the  larvae  of  many  insects. 
Foliaceous,  resembling  a  leaf. 

Follicle,  a  cocoon  ;  the  covering  formed  by  the  larva  for  protec- 
tion in  its  pupa  state. 
Forceps,  two  or  more  hooks  or   processes,  sometimes   branched 

on  the  inner  side,  with  which  the  male  grasps  the  anus  of  the 

female  ;  they  constitute  part  of  the  penis. 
Forcipated,  formed  somewhat  like  a  pair  of  pincers. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  137 

Fornicate,  arched  or  vaulted. 

Fossula,   a   sinus ;    a  small  hollow ;  foveola  and  scrobiculus  have 

nearly  the  same  meaning. 
Foveolate,  covered  superficially  with  cavities  like  a  honeycomb. 
Fragile,  brittle,  easily  broken. 
Front,  anterior  portion  of  the  head,  included  by  the  eyes,  vertex, 

and  nasus,  and  supporting  the  antennae  ;  (Diptcra)  that  portion 

of  the  head  which  is  above  the  antennae  and  between  the  eyes, 

its  superior  portion  is  called  the  vertex. 
Fulcrum,  the   corneous  body  on  which  the  base  of  the  tubus,  or 

sheath  of  the   tongue,  in  the    Hymenoptera,  rests ;  it  is  "  le 

pivot"  of  Reaumer. 
Fuliginous,  sooty  ;  of  the  color  of  soot. 
Fulvous,  orange-yellow. 

Furcated,  forked ;  terminating  in  two  divisions. 
Fuscus,  dark  brown,  with  a  slight  mixture  of  gray. 
Fusiform,  spindle-shaped ;    gradually  tapering  more    or   less  to 

each  end. 

G. 
Galea,  helmet ;  a  dilated  inarticulate  membranaceous   piece  on 

each    maxilla,    that,    together   with    the    labrum,  covers  the 

organs  of  the  mouth  in  the  Orthoptera  and  some  of  the  Neu- 

roptera. 
Gastric,  of  or  belonging  to  the  belly. 
Gelatinous,  jelly-like  ;  having  the  consistence  of  jelly. 
Geminate,  situated  in  pairs. 
Gena,  cheek ;  a  portion  of  the  head  on  each  side  immediately 

beneath  the  eye,  often  turgid. 
Geniculate,  knee-jointed  ;  bending  abruptly  in  an  obtuse  angle. 
Genus,  an  assemblage  of  species  which  correspond  in  particular 

characters. 
Geometrse,  larvse  which  when  walking,  alternately  elevate  and 

straighten  the  middle  of  the  body,  as  in  those   of  the  genus 

Geometra  ;  opposed  to  rectigrade. 
Gibbous,  hump-backed ;  protuberant. 
Glabrous,  smooth  ;  opposed  to  hairy,  downy,  villous,  &c. 
Glaucous,  gray-bluish-green. 

Globtdar,  like  a  round  ball ;  all  the  diameters  equal. 
Glochis,  a  barbed  point. 


138  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Glomerate,  congregated. 

Glutinous,  slimy,  viscid. 

Gracile,  slender. 

Granulated,  covered  with  small  grains. 

Gregarious,  living  in  society,  as  many  of  the  larvae  of  Lepidop- 

tera  that  fabricate  a  common  web. 
Griseus,  light  gray. 

Grub,  the  larva ;  generally  applied  to  the  immature  Scarabseus. 
Gula,  concave  portion  beneath  the  head,  between  the  base  of  the 

mentum  and  the  jugulum. 
Gymnopterse,   membranaceous   and    transparent   wings   without 

scales. 

H. 

Habit,  or  habitus,  the  port  or  aspect ;  used  comparatively  to  ex- 
press a  resemblance  in  general  appearance,  apart  from  more 
important  markings  derived  from  organization. 

Habitation,  or  habitat,  a  situation  or  locality  frequented  by 
insects. 

Haletres,  thepoisers,  capitate  moveable  filaments,  in  the  Diptera, 
situated  one  on  each  side  of  the  thorax,  substituted  for  the  in- 
ferior wings,  and  often  covered  by  the  scale;  they  are  said  to 
be  naked  when  destitute  of  the  scale. 

Hamuli,  minute  hooks  in  Hymenoptera,  situated  on  the  anterior 
margin  of  the  under  wing,  they  lay  hold  of  the  hind  margin  of 
the  upper  wing. 

Hamus,  a  hooked  process,  covered  with  scales,  situated  under 
the  upper  wings  near  the  base,  in  the  males  of  many  of  the 
Lepidoptera,  receiving  a  bristle  (tendo)  from  the  lower  wing ; 
the  hamus  is  never  present  in  females. 

Hand,  the  manus. 

Hastate,  halbert-shaped ;  resembling  the  head  of  a  halbert ;  ex- 
cavated at  the  base  and  sides,  but  with  spreading  lobes  or 
angles. 

Haustellum,  the  sucker ;  it  is  formed  by  the  assemblage  of  in- 
flexible setae,  and  inclosed  in  a  rostellum  or  proboscis.  See 
lingula. 

Head,  the  anterior  portion  of  the  body,  connected  at  base  with 
the  anterior  portion  of  the  stethidium;  it  includes  occiput, 
face,  gena,  mouth,  gula,  jugulum,  and  antennae. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  139 

Heels,  the  spinulse. 

Hemelytra,  scales,  generally  coriaceous  at  base,  and  membrana- 
ceous at  tip,  not  divided  by  a  straight  suture,  and  substituted 

for  the  anterior  wings,  as  in  the  Orthoptera  and  Hemiptera. 

See  tegmina. 
Hemispheric,  convex  above  and  flat  below,  like   the  half  of  a 

globe. 
Hepatic,  liver-brown. 

Hexapode,  having  six  feet,  as  in  all  true  insects. 
Hirsute,  rough  with    strong  hairs;  shaggy.     See  pilous,  villous, 

tomentous. 
Hispid,  bristly ;  rough  with  stiff,  short,  sparse  hairs.     See  stri- 

gose. 
Hoary,  covered  with  a  fine  white  silvery  substance  or  pubescence. 

See  pruinous. 
Homotene,  retaining  the  primitive  form ;  referring  to  those  arti- 
culated animals  with  feet,  that  do  not   change  their  form  with 

their  vernantia. 
Horizontal,  (wings)  when  at  rest  parallel  to  the  horizon. 
Horns,  a  word  used  by  some  writers  to  designate  the  antennae. 
Humerus,  the  region  of  the  exterior  basal  angle  of  the  elytra ; 

according  to  Meigen  it  is  the  anterior  angles  of  the  thorax  in 

Diptera. 
Hyaline,  transparent;  vitreous. 
Hymenoptera,  an  order  of  insects,   comprehending   those  with 

four  membranaceous  naked  wings,  as  the  bees  and  wasps. 
Hypocrateriform,  salver-shaped. 
Hypostoma,  that  portion  of  a  Dipterous  insect  which  is  included 

between  the  antennae,  the  eyes  and  the  mouth  ;  called  by  some 

naturalists  clypeus. 

I. 
Imago,  the  perfect  insect,  after  having  passed  through  the  states 

of  larva  and  pupa. 
Imbricate,  tiled ;  placed  one  over  another  like  shingles  on  the 

roof  of  a  house. 
Immacxdate,  destitute  of  spots. 
Immarginate,  having  no  elevated  margin  or  rim. 
Imperfect,  or  incomplete  metamorphose,  is  that  species  of  change 

from  the  larva  to  the   imago,  in  which  the  feet  and  wings  of 

the  pupa  are  immoveable,  as  in  the  Coleoptera,  Lepidoptera,  &c. 


140  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGY. 

Incanus,  hoary. 

Incimre,  or  suture  of  the  abdomen,  is  an  impressed  transverse 
line,  marking  the  juncture  of  two  segments. 

Inclining,  leaning. 

Inconspicuous,  not  readily  discernible.     See  obsolete. 

Incrassated,  thickened,  swelled  out  at  some  particular  part. 

Incumbent,  resting  against;  one  lying  over  the  other ;  (wings) 
which,  when  the  insect  is  at  rest,  cover  the  back  of  the  abdo- 
men horizontally. 

Incurved,  bowed  inwards.     See  recurved. 

Indurated,  hardened. 

Inequal,  unequal ;  with  irregular  elevations  and  depressions  on 
the  surface. 

Inferior  wings,  those  that  are  farthest  from  the  head,  otherwise 
called  posterior  icings;  they  are  generally  smaller  than  the 
superior  or  anterior  wings ;  many  are  provided  with  hamuli. 

Inflected,  bent  inwards  at  an  angle. 

Infracted,  bent  inwards  abruptly,  as  if  broken. 

Infundibuliform,  funnel-shaped. 

Inner  margin,  or  interior  margin,  of  the  wings,  is  that  margin 
which  extends  from  the  base  to  the  posteior  angle. 

Institia,  stria  of  equal  breadth  throughout. 

Instrumenta,  cibaria,  the  trophi;  parts  of  the  mouth  taken  col- 
lectively. 

Interior  edge,  or  inner  edge,  the  boundary  of  the  inner  margin. 

Interior  palpi,  the  labial  palpi. 

Interrupted,  broken  in  its  continuity  ;  but  the  tips  of  the  broken 
parts  are  in  a  right  line  with  each  other.     See  dislocated. 

Interstitial  line,  the  longitudinal  space  which  intervenes  between 
two  strise  of  the  elytra. 

Intorted,  turned  or  twisted  inwards. 

Invertebral,  those  animals  which  are  destitute  of  the  vertebral 
column. 

Involute,  rolled  inwards  spirally. 

Iris,  of  an  ocellate  wing  spot,  is  a  circle  which  surrounds  the 
pupil. 

Irregular,  (antennae)  articulations  strikingly  unequal  either  in 
magnitude  or  order. 

Irrorate,  marked  with  minute  points  ;  dew-like. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  141 


Joint,  articulation  ;  this  word  is  applied  to  the  space  between  two 

incisures,  as  the  divisions  of  the  antennae. 
Jugulum,  that  cavity  of  the  posterior  part  of  the  head  to  which 
the  neck  is  annexed. 

K. 
Keel,  the  carina. 

L. 

Labial  palpi,  articulated  filaments,  one  on  each  side  of  the  la- 
bium; the  interior  or  anterior  -palpi. 

Labiatcd,  having  lips. 

Labium,  lower  lip ;  composed  of  the  mentum,  and  ligula  or 
tongue  ;  it  supports  the  labial  palpi. 

Labrum,  upper  lip ;  the  superior  member  of  the  trophi ;  it  is 
generally  moveable,  and  applied  to  or  placed  immediately  beneath 
the  nasus,  and  above  the  mandibles;  it  is  sometimes  entirely  con- 
cealed ;  it  is  the  labium  of  some  authors. 

Lacerated,  ragged ;  torn. 

Lacinise  exteriores,  (in  the  family  Apidae,)  two  elongated,  flat- 
tened or  concave,  biarticulate  valves,  situated  on  the  tongue  and 
near  their  tip  supporting  the  labial  palpi;  they  are  distinguished 
from  those  palpi  by  being  flat  instead  of  cylindrical. 

Lacinise  inter  iores,  (in  the  family  Apidas,)  two  inarticulate,  mem- 
branaceous valves,  which  embrace  the  tongue  at  its  entrance  into 
the  tube. 

Laciniated,  jagged  ;  cut  into  irregular  segments. 

Lactescent,  yielding  or  secreting  a  milky  fluid. 

Lactcus,  of  a  shining  white  or  milky  color. 

Lacunose,  pitted  ;  having  the  surface  covered  with  small  cavities. 
See  /arose. 

Lamella,  a  thin  plate  or  foliation. 

Lamellated,  (antennas)  divided  laterally  into  distinct  plates  or 
foliations.     Seejissile,  setaceous,  &c. 

Lanate,  woolly ;  covered  with  dense,  fine,  long,  white  hairs,  so 
distinct  that  they  may  be  separated.     See  tomcntose. 

Lanceolate,  lance  or  spear-shaped ;  oblong  and  tapering  to  the 
end. 

Larva,  the  first  state  of  an  insect  subsequent  to  the  egg  ;  it  is 
known  by  the  names  maggot,  grub,  caterpillar,  &c. ;  it  is  slow, 
sterile,  and  voracious  ;  the  old  authors  called  it  eruca. 


142  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Lateral,  situated  on  the  side. 

Later  itious,  brick-color;  like  miniatus,  but  duller,  and  verging 
towards  yellow. 

Latticed,  cancellated. 

Leg,  the  tibia. 

Lenticular,  spherically  convex  on  both  sides ;  a  depressed  double 
convex  figure. 

Lepidoptera,  an  order  of  insects,  of  which  the  wings  are  four  in 
number,  covered  by  minute  imbricated  scales;  as  butterflies 
and  moths. 

Leprous,  with  loose  irregular  scales. 

Ligula,  tongue ;  the  superior  portion  of  the  labium ;  it  is  situ- 
ated beneath  the  maxillae,  generally  of  a  soft  texture,  often  bifid, 
and  frequently  coriaceous  at  base.  See  lingxda,  rostellum,  ros- 
trum, haustellum,  proboscis,  promuscis,  and  tubus. 

Ligulate,  strap-shaped,  cut  off  at  top;  somewhat  linear,  and 
much  longer  than  broad. 

Lilacinous,  lilac  color;  like  violaceous,  but  duller,  tinged  with 
red. 

Limb,  the  circumference. 

Line,  the  twelfth  part  of  an  inch. 

Linear,  with  parallel  sides ;  narrow  and  nearly  of  a  uniform 
breadth. 

Lineated,  lined ;  streaked  ;  marked  with  lines. 

Lingua,  a  bivalve,  involuted,  obtuse  and  fistulous  tongue,  com- 
posed of  two  elongated  semitubular  fillets,  which  are  in  reality 
elongated  maxillse,  as  in  the  Lepidoptera ;  the  central  organ 
of  the  proboscis  in  the  Hymenoptera  constituting  a  cartilagin- 
ous instrument  of  suction.  Fabricius  has  applied  the  word 
labium  to  denote  this  part,  and  he  again  applies  the  same  word 
to  designate  the  whole  proboscis  ;  it  is  "  le  levre  inferieur  "  of 
Degeer. 

Linguiform,  tongue-shaped ;  linear  with  the  extremities  obtusely 
rounded. 

Literate,  ornamented  with  characters  like  letters. 

Livid,  dark  gray,  verging  towards  violet. 

Longitudinal,  the  direction  of  the  longest  diameter;  situated 
longitudinally  with  respect  to  the  body. 


AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGY.  143 

Lora,  small  corneous  cords  upon  which  the  base  of  the  probos- 
cis is  seated ;  these  parts  seem  to  be  intended  to  let  out  or 
draw  in  the  proboscis;  when  the  latter  is  projected  they  point 
towards  the  mouth,  and  when  it  is  retracted  they  point  towards 
the  breast ;  they  are  "  les  leviers  "  of  Reaumur. 

Lubricous,  covered  with  a  slippery  mucous. 

Lucid,  shining ;  applied  to  insects  which  shine  by  night,  as  Lam- 
pyris  and  Fulgora. 

Luciferous,  giving  light. 

Lunate,  cresent-shaped  ;  formed  like  a  new  moon. 

Lurid,  of  a  brownish-blue  color. 

Luteus,  unmixed  yellow. 

Lyrate,  cut  into  several  transverse  segments,  and  gradually  en- 
larging towards  the  extremity ;  lyre-shaped. 

M. 

Macula,  a  spot  larger  than  a  puncture,  of  an  indeterminate  figure, 
and  of  a  different  color  from  the  general  surface. 

Maculated,  spotted  ;  marked  with  spots. 

Maerianum,  that  segment  of  the  postpectus  situated  one  on  each 
side  behind  the  acetabidum  and  parapleurum  ;  it  supports  the 
posterior  feet. 

Maggot,  the  larva;  commonly  applied  to  the  immature  fly 
(Musea). 

Mandibles,  the  upper  jaws,  generally  corneous,  placed  one  on  each 
side  immediately  beneath  the  labrum,  and  above  the  maxillae, 
moving  transversely ;  they  are  the  maxillae  of  Kirby,  and  are 
destitute  of  palpi. 

Man  us,  the  hand;  the  articulated  termination  of  the  anterior 
feet;  the  anterior  tarsus,  including palma. 

Marcescent,  shrivelling. 

Margin,  that  portion  of  a  surface  which  is  within  the  edge, 
bounded  on  the  inner  side  by  the  submargin,  and  consisting 
of  a  more  or  less  dilated  imaginary  line. 

Marginal  cellules,  the  radial  cellules. 

Marginated,  surrounded  by  an  elevated  or  attenuated  margin. 

Maxillae,  jaws;  one  on  each  side  of  the  mouth  immediately  be- 
neath the  mandibles,  moving  transversely,  usually  corneous  at 
base,  and  membranaceous  or  coriaceous  at  fip,  and  furnished 
with  one  or  two  palpi. 


144  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Maxillary  palpi,  or  exterior  palpi,  articulated  moveable  filaments 
near  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  edge  of  the  maxillae ;  in  some 
Coleoptera  there  are  two  pairs,  and  are  then  distinguished  into 
internal  and  external,  the  former  is  biarticulate  and  incumbent 
on  the  back  of  the  maxilla. 

Members,  (artus)  the  exterior  organs  of  locomotion  taken  collec- 
tively, as  well  as  the  appendices  of  the  trunk  and  abdomen. 
Membranaceous,  thin,  skinny  and  semitransparent  like  parch- 
ment; of  a  thin  pliable  texture. 

Meniscoidal,  somewhat  globular,  with  one  side  concave. 

Mentum,  the  chin ;  the  lowest  piece  of  the  mouth,  supporting  the 
lingula  or  tongue,  and  sometimes  covering  it  in  front. 

Metamorphosis,  an  alteration  in  the  appearance  of  an  insect, 
owing  to  the  development  of  parts  previously  concealed,  by  a 
sudden  vernantia ;  the  transformation  from  the  imperfect  or 
larva  state  to  the  perfect  insect ;  it  is  imperfect,  semicomplete, 
or  coarctate. 

Metathorax,  the  posterior  portion  of  the  stethidium  on  the 
superior  surface ;  it  is  separated  from  the  thorax  and  scutel  by 
sutures,  and  is  particularly  obvious  in  the  Hymenoptera.  See 
dorsum. 

Miniatus,  red,  like  red-lead. 

Modioli  form,  somewhat  globular,  truncated  at  both  ends  like  the 
nave  of  a  wheel. 

Monodacfyle,  armed  with  a  moveable  nail  which  closes  on  the 
tip ;  it  differs  from  chelate  in  having  but  one  process. 

Monarsenous,  that  kind  of  polygamy  in  which  one  male  suffice? 
for  many  females. 

Moniliform,  (antennae)  beaded  like  a  necklace.  See  aristate  and 
perfoliate. 

Monogamous,  propagating  by  the  union  of  one  male  and  one 
female  only. 

Monothelious,  that  kind  of  polygamy  in  which  a  female  is  fecun- 
dated by  many  males. 

Mouth,  the  anterior  and  terminal  part  of  the  head,  containing 
the  trophi. 

Mucronate,  terminated  in  a  sharp  point.     See  cuspidate. 

Murwate,  armed  with  sharp  rigid  points. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  145 

Mystax,  in  some  Diptera,  is  a  patch  of  bristles  or  hair,  imme- 
diately above  the  mouth,  on  the  lower  part  of  the  hypostoma, 
below  the  vibrissse. 

N. 

Naked,  (pupa)  not  foil iculatcd  ;  (surface)  glabrous. 

Nasus,  the  anterior  termination  of  the  face,  particularly  in  Hy- 
menoptera,  often  separated  from  the  front  by  a  suture,  and 
often  elevated,  sometimes  gibbous ;  it  is  very  obvious  in  Vespa 
and  the  kindred  genera ;  it  has  no  relation  with  the  organs  of 
smelling  ;  it  supports  the  labrum. 

Nail,  the  unguis. 

Natatory,  (feet)  formed  for  swimming.     See  cursory,  saltatory. 

Navieidar,  boat-shaped  ;  with  a  concave  disk  and  elevated  mar- 
gin ;  cymbiform. 

Nebulous,  clouded  ;  marked  with  many  scattered,  abrupt,  dilated 
lines  of  various  forms. 

Neck,  a  contracted  posterior  termination  of  the  head  in  some  in- 
sects. 

Nervures,  nerves  or  vein-like  processes  which  support  the  mem- 
braneous part  of  the  wings;  divided  into  radial,  cubital,  bra- 
chial and  recurrent- 

Neuroptera,  an  order  of  insects,  including  such  as  have  four 
finely  reticulated  wings  and  no  sting,  as  Dragon-flies,  May- 
flies, &c. 

Niger,  black,  a  little  tinged  with  gray. 

Nitidus,  nearly  synonymous  with  lucid,  but  is  less  brilliant,  and 
is  applied  to  highly  polished  surfaces. 

Nutant,  nodding ;  the  tip  bent  down  towards  the  horizon. 

Nymph,  the  second  state  of  an  insect,  from  the  egg,  the  members 
of  which  are  free,  or  not  enclosed  with  a  common  integument, 
as  in  Grillus.     See  chrysalis,  aurelia,  pupa. 

0. 

Ob,  perfixed  to  a  word  generally  signifies  inversely. 

Obconic,  inversely  conic  ;  conic  with  the  vertex  pointing  down- 
ward. 

Obcordate,  inversely  heart-shaped  ;  heart-shaped  with  the  point 
applied  to  the  base  of  another  object  or  part. 

10 


146  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Oblate,  flattened  ;  this  term  is  applied  to  a  spheroid  of  which  the 

diameter  is  shortened  at  two  opposite  ends. 
Oblong,  the  transverse  diameter  much   shorter  than  the  longitu- 
dinal. 
Obovate,  inversely  egg-shaped,   the  narrow  end  downwards   or 

towards  the  base. 
Obsolete,  indistinct;  inconspicuous. 
Obtect,  (pupa)  wrapped  in  a  crustaceous  covering. 
Obtuse,  blunt ;  ending  in  a  segment  or  circle. 
Occiput,  the  hinder  part  of  the  head  ;  the  part  behind  the  vertex. 
Ocellate,  applied  to  the  eye-like   spots  on  the  wings  of  Lepidop- 

terous  insects,  usually  formed  of  a  differently  colored  iris  or 

ring,  inclosing  one  or  more  small  spots. 
Ocelli,  the  stemmata. 
Oculi,  the  eyes. 

Ochrcous,  yellow  with  a  slight  tinge  of  brown. 
Onychia,,  two  or  three  small  processes  between  the  unguis  at  the 

termination  of  the  tarsus.     See  pulvillus 
Operculum,  a  lid ;  a  small  valvular  appendage. 
Opposite,  placed  on  the  side  opposite  to  another,  so  that  the  bases 

of  the  two  are  on  the  same  transverse  line.     See  alternate- 
Orbicular,  round  and  flat,  the  diameters  of  the  plane  equal. 
Orbit,  an  imaginary  border  around  the  eye. 
Order,  the  subdivision  of  a  class. 
Os,  the  mouth  and  its  parts. 
Oval,  somewhat  egg-shaped,  but   the  outlines  of  the   ends   are 

equal.     See  ovate. 
Ovate,  shaped  like  the  longitudinal  section  of  an  egg,  the  outline 

of  the  ends  being  unequal. 
Oviduct,  the  instrument  and  appendages  with  which  the  female 

deposits  her  eggs.     See  aculeus. 
Oviposit  ion,  the  act  of  depositing  eggs;  the   manner  in  which 

eggs  are  deposited. 
Oviparous,  propagating  by  means  of  eggs. 
Ovoviviparous,  producing  living  young,  the  eggs  being  disclosed 

in  the  matrix  of  the  parent. 

P. 
Palate,  the  interior  part  of  the  transverse  lip. 
Pagina  inferior,  the  lower  surface  of  a  wing. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  147 

Pag  ma  superior,  the  upper  surface  of  a  wing. 

Paleaceous,  chaffy. 

Pedlide-flavens, pale  or  whitish  yellow. 

Pallidus,  of  a  pale  cadaverous  hue. 

Palma,  palm;  the  basal  tarsal  joint  of  the  anterior  feet,  some- 
times furnished  with  strigilis.     See  man  us. 

Palmate,  hand-shaped ;  cut  down  nearly  half-way  to  the  base 
into  subequal,  oblong  segments,  leaving  an  entire  space  like 
the  palm  of  the  hand. 

Palpi,  articulated  moveable  filaments  in  the  mouth  of  insects, 
generally  shorter  than  the  antennae;  divided  into  'labial and 
maxillary  palpi. 

Pamdurifbrm,  fiddle-shaped )  oblong,  broad  at  the  two  extremi- 
ties, and  contracted  in  the  middle. 

Pap  ilion  aceous,  butterfly-like . 

Papillary,  having  the  apex  semiglobular  ;  somewhat  like  a  nip- 
ple ;  this  term  ought  to  be  distinguished  from  verrucose. 

Papillous,  pimpled ;  having  the  surface  covered  with  raised  dots 
or  pimples.     See  verrucose. 

Pappus,  down. 

Parallelogram,  a  quadrilateral,  right-lined  figure,  whose  oppo- 
site sides  are  parallel  and  equal  to  each  other. 

Parapleurum,  that  segment  of  the  posfpectus,  which  is  situated 
one  on  each  side  of  the  acetabulum,  behind  the  scapula;  in 
some  genera  are  two  on  each  side ;  they  may  be  distinguished 
into  anterior  and  posterior. 

Parasitical,  inhabiting  another  animal. 

Parietes,  walls  ;  perpendicular  sides  of  the  honeycomb  ;  sides  of 
elevated  bodies. 

Patulous,  open ;  spreading. 

Pearlaccous,  having  the  appearance  of  pearl. 

Pccten,  in  Hymenoptera,  rigid,  incurved  setae  which  arm  the  ex- 
terior margin  of  the  upper  part  of  the  base  of  valvulse  or 
max  Ufa. 

Pectinate,  comb-shaped  ;  cut  into  regular  straight  segments  like 
the  teeth  of  a  comb.     See  perfoliate,  setaceous. 

Pectus,  the  anterior,  inferior  portion  of  the  trunk,  included,  be- 
tween the  head  and  posfpectus. 


148  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Pedes,  the  feet;  this  term  is  applied  to  the  whole  limb,  consist- 
ing of  femur,  tibia,  tarsus. 

PediceUus,  the  third  joint  of  the  antennae,  particularly  in  Hy- 
menoptera,  often  forming  the  pivot,  turning  in  the  socket  of 
the  scapus,  upon  which  the  other  articulations,  constituting 
the  apex,  sit,  and  by  means  of  which  they  often  form  an  angle 
with  that  part ;  it  is  "  le  bouton"  of  Keaumur. 

Pedicle,  a  pedicellus. 

Peduncle,  a  stalk  or  petiole. 

Pedunculated,  elevated  on  a  stalk  or  peduncle. 

Peltate,  target-shaped. 

Pendent,  hanging  down. 

Penicilliform,  pencil-shaped . 

Penis,  the  genitals  of  the  male,  consisting  of  forceps  and  phallus. 

Pennaceous,  feathered  like  the  web  of  a  quill.     See  phimous. 

Penultimate,  the  last  but  one. 

Perennial,  continuing  for  several  years. 

Perfoliate,  perforated ;  applied  to  those  antennas  of  which  the 
joints  are  transversely  divided  into  thin  plates,  which  are  con- 
nected by  a  common  stalk  passing  nearly  through  their  cen- 
tres.    See  clavate,  pectinate. 

Peristaethium,  that  segment  of  the  postpectus  anterior  to  the  in- 
sertion of  the  intermediate  feet ;  it  extends  laterally  to  the 
scapidse,,  and  is  generally  connected  with  the  pectus  by  a  mem- 
brane. 

Persistent,  permanent. 

Personate,  gaping. 

Petiolated,  supported  on  a  stem;  (cellule)  one  of  the  cubital 
cellules  is  said  to  be  petiolated  when  it  is  triangular,  and  con- 
nected by  means  of  a  nervure  with  the  nervure  of  the  radial 
cellule  •  this  disposition  more  frequently  occurs  in  the  second 
cellule. 

Petiole,  a  stem;  the  support  which  connects  the  base  of  the 
metatliorax  with  the  base  of  the  abdomen. 

Phallus,  the  masculine  organ  of  generation. 

Phosphorescent,  lucid ;  emitting  light  in  the  dark. 

Piceous,  pitchy ;  the  color  of  pitch. 

Pilous,  having  long  sparse  hairs.     See  hirsute. 

Pinnatifid,  with  winged  clefts. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  149 

Plane,  a  level  or  rectilinear  surface,  destitute  of  elevations  or 
depressions ;  a  curved  surface  cannot  be  plane  because  it  is  not 
rectilinear.     See  equal. 

Planta,  the  basal  joint  of  the  tarsus  of  the  posterior  pairs  of  feet 
in  Hymenoptcra, often  dilated  or  elongated,  containing  scapula. 
See  palma. 

Pleura,  the  side  of  the  stethidium,  between  the  thorax  and 
pectus. 

Plicate,  plaited  ;  folded  like  a  fan. 

Plumous,  feathered ;  with  fine  hairs  on  each  side  so  as  to  resem- 
ble a  feather.     See  pennaceous . 

Poisers,  the  hatieres,  in  the  Diptera,  a  capitate  moveable  filament 
on  each  side,  substituted  for  the  inferior  wings. 

Polliniferous,  formed  for  collecting  the  pollen  of  plants,  as  in 
many  of  the  Hymenoptera. 

Polymorphous,  undergoing  a  metamorphose  ;  applied  to  those  ar- 
ticulated animals  with  feet  that  undergo  a  metamorphose, 
either  partial  or  total.     See  homotene. 

Polyphagous,  eating  a  variety  of  food. 

Porcate,  marked  with  raised  longitudinal  lines. 

Porrect,  stretched  out ;  prominent ;  elongated  forwards. 

Posterior  angle,  of  the  wing,  is  the  junction  of  the  posterior  edge 
with  the  interior  edge ;  of  the  thorax,  is  the  lateral  angle  near 
the  base  of  the  elytra. 

Posterior  edge,  the  boundary  of  the  posterior  margin. 

Posterior  margin,  of  the  wing,  extends  on  the  hind  J)art  of  the 
wings  from  the  apex  to  the  posterior  angle.  See  inner 
margin. 

Posterior  icings,  tbe  inferior  icings. 

Postpectus,  the  posterior  portion  of  the  stethidium  on  the  infe- 
rior surface  of  the  body,  consisting  of  several  pieces,  which  in 
the  Coleoptera  particularly  are  the  peristaetlvium,  acetabulum, 
parapleurum,  scapula,  and  maerianum. 

Prasinus,  grass-green,  without  any  tinge  of  blue. 

Premorse,  as  if  bitten-  off;  with  a  blunt  or  jagged  termination. 

Prismatic,  like  a  prism  ;  of  equal  thickness  and  having  several 
flat  sides  ;  differs  from  cylindrical  in  being  angular. 

Proculiform  [poculiform],  hollow  and  cylindrical,  with  a  hemi- 
spherical base,  the  sides  at  top  straight  and  not  recurved. 
See   calathiform,  cyathi/orm. 


150  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Proboscis,  the  inarticulate  trophi  of  the  Muscae,  and  is  sometimes 
soft,  labiated  and  generally  retractile,  sometimes  horny  and 
acute ;  according  to  Kirby  it  is  the  tongue  of  the  Hymenop- 
tera  with  all  the  apparatus,  and  its  vagina. 

Procumbent,  trailing  ;  prostrate ;  lying  flat.     See  decumbent. 

Promuscis,  according  to  Illiger,  is  th.Q  tropin  of  the  Hymenoptera 

Prvinous,  covered  with  a  frosty  kind  of  woolliness  ;  hoary. 

Pterigostia,  or  wing-bones,  the  nervures. 

Pubescent,  coated  with  very  soft,  fine  wool,  hair  or  down,  which 
is  short  and  not  crowded.     See  villous,  tomentous. 

Pulverulent,  dusty. 

Punctured,  marked  with  small  impressed  dots.  See  scrobicidate, 
variolous. 

Pulvillus,  the  soft  termination  of  the  foot  between  the  unguis  ;  it 
is  "  un  petit  mammelon"  of  Degeer.     See  onyclui. 

Puniceous,  carmine  color. 

Pupa,  the  second  state  of  the  insect  from  the  egg,  often  quies- 
cent ;  the  members  being  more  or  less  concealed  by  the  com- 
mon integument.     See  aurelia,  nymplia,  chrysalis. 

Pupil,  of  an  occellate  wing-spot,  is  the  central  spot  which  is  sur- 
rounded by  the  iris. 

Piriform,  pear-shaped. 

Q. 

Quadrangular,  having  four  angles. 

Quadrate,  square ;  somewhat  square. 

Quadrilateral,  having  four  sides. 

Quiescence,  a  state  of  hybernation  somewhat  resembling  torpidity, 
wherein  the  animal  requires  but  little  nourishment,  and  ex- 
hibits exterior  signs  of  life. 

R. 

Radicd  cellule,  or  marginal  cellule,  a  portion  of  the  membrane  of 
the  wing,  situated  near  the  apex,  included  between  the  exte- 
rior margin  and  a  nervure  which  originates  at  the  carpus  and 
passes,  with  various  degrees  of  curvature,  towards  the  apex  ; 
it  is  complete  when  the  nervure  reaches  the  apex,  and  incom- 
plete when  this  member  is  abbreviated  or  interrupted,  and 
oppendiculated  when  transversely  divided  by  a  nervure  which 
does  not  originate  from  the  carpus;  when  there  are  two  radial 
cellules  the  nervure  of  one  of  them  originates  on  the  basal  side 
of,  or  below  the  carpus. 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  151 

Radiated,  furnished   with  lines  which  proceed  from  a  common 

centre.     See  stellate. 
Radicula,  radicle ;  the   basal  joint  of  the  antennje,  attached  to 

the  head. 
Radius,  the  first  nervure    of  the  external  edge   of  the   superior 
wing ;  it  extends  from  the  hase  to  the  carpus,  and  is  separated 
from  the  cubitus  by  a  membrane. 
Ramous,  having  branches  ;  branched. 
Raptatory,  formed  for  seizing  a  prey. 
Reclivate,  curved  in  a  convex,  then  in  a  concave  line. 
Recondite,  (acideus)  concealed  within  the  abdomen,  seldom  ex- 
posed to  view. 
Rectigrade,  larvae,  which  having  sixteen  feet,  walk  with  a  recti- 
linear body.     See  geometrse. 
Rectangular,  in  the  form  of  a  right  angle ;  having   an   angle   of 

ninety  degrees. 
Rectilinear,  right-lined  ;  formed  in  a  straight  line. 
Recurrent  nervures,  one  or  more  ascending  branches  of  the  bra- 
chial nervures,  which  are  inserted  into  the  cubital  cellules,  some- 
times into  the  first  and  second,  sometimes  into  the  second  and 
third,  and  others  into  one  only. 
Recurved,  bowed  backwards. 
Reflected,  or  reflexed,  bent  back  rather  angularly. 
Refracted,  bent  back  as  if  broken. 
Remote,  further  removed  than  distant. 
Reniform,  kidney-shaped. 

Repand,  wavy ;  with  alternate  segments  of  circles  and  interven- 
ing angles.     See  scalloped. 
Replicatile,  capable  of  being  folded  back. 
Resilient,  having  the  property  of  springing  back. 
Resupinate,  upside  down  ;  horizontally  reversed. 
Reticidate,  like  net-work. 

Retinaculum,  horny  moveable  scales    in  the  Hymenoptera,  serv- 
ing instead  of  muscles  to  move  the  spicula,  or  to  prevent  it 
from  being  darted  out  too  far. 
Retracted,  opposed  to  prominent;  drawn  back. 
Retractile,  generally  exserted,  but   capable  of  being  drawn  in. 
Retrorse,  (sinuate)  pointing  backwards;  (serrate)  inversely  ser- 
rated. 


152  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Refuse,  ending  in  an  obtuse  sinus,  or  broad  shallow  notch ;  ter- 
minated by  an  obtuse  hollow. 
Reversed,  (wings)  deflexed,  the   margin  of  the   posterior   wings 

projecting  beyond  that  of  the  anterior  wings. 
Reviviscence,  the  awakening  from  torpidity ;  the  restoration  from 

suspended  animation. 
Revolute,  rolled  backwards  spirally.     See  convolute. 
Rhombus,  a  quadrangular  figure,  having  its  four  sides  equal  and 

its  opposite  lines  parallel,  with  two  opposite  angles  acute  and 

two  obtuse. 
Rhomboid,  a  figure  approaching  to  a  rhombus. 
Rigid,  inflexible,  not  easily  bending ;  opposed  to  limber. 
Rimose,  full  of  cracks. 
Ringent,  gaping. 

Rosens,  color  of  a  rose,  a  pale  blood  red. 
Rostellum,  a  little  bill  or  beak ;  it  is  horny  and  articulated  as  in 

Cimex,  &c. ;  it  is  the  "  rostrum"  of  Latreille.     See  rostrum. 
Rostrum,  an  immoveable  prolongation  of  the  head,  at  the  end  of 

which  is  the  mouth,  as  in  the  Curculio  kind.     Latreille  applies 

this  term  to  the  rostellum  of  the  Cimices. 
Rotate,  wheel-shaped. 

Rudiment,  the  incomplete  formation  of  a  part  or  organ. 
Rufous,  reddish. 
Rugous,  wrinkled  ;    with  irregularly  waved   and  elevated  lines. 

See  corrugated. 
Runcinate,  notched  ;    cut  into  several  transverse  acute  segments 

which  point  backwards. 

S. 
Saccate,  gibbous  or  inflated  towards  one  end. 
Sagittate,  arrow-shaped;  triangular,  and  deeply  emarginate   at 

base. 
Saltatory,  (feet)   formed  for  leaping,  the   thighs  being  dilated. 

See  ambulatory,  cursory. 
Sanguineous,  color  of  arterial  blood  ;  duller  than  puniceous. 
Scabrous,  rough  like  a  file,  with  small  raised  dots.    See  asperous. 
Scale,  the  squama. 

Scalloped,  (edge)  marked  or  bounded  by  segments  of  circles,  with- 
out intervening;  angles. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  153 

Scapula,  that  segment  that  is  situated  one  on  each  side  of  the 
peristaethium,  on  the  anterior  lateral  angle  of  the  postpeclus, 
immediately  beneath  the  humeral  angle  of  the  elytruni ;  it  is 
bounded  behind  by  the  paraplewrvm. 

Scapus,  scape;  the  second  articulation  of  the  antennae,  often 
elongated;  it  is  the  "  bulbus"  of  Linne,  and  " le  fuseau"  of 
Degeer. 

Scopa,  thick  hair,  covering  the  posterior  tibias  of  some  Hymen- 
opterous  insects;  it  is  used  in  collecting  and  carrying  pollen. 
See  scopula  and  corbicu/a. 

Scapula,  bristles  or  rigid  hairs,  in  some  Hymenopterous  insects, 
covering  the  inside  of  the  plantse,  principally  those  of  the  pos- 
terior feet ;  it  is  very  conspicuous  in  polleniferous  insects  ;  it 
is  the  "  scopa"  of  Schrank,  and  "  la  brosse"  of  Reaumur.  See 
scopa,  fimbria,  flocculus. 

Scriptus,  lettered ;  marked  with  various  characters  resembling 
letters. 

Scrobiculated,  pitted;  having  the  surface  covered  with  hollows; 
with  deep  round  pits.     Seefavose. 

Scroti/orm,  purse -shaped. 

Scutel,  or  scutellum,  a  small  subtriangular  portion  of  the  superior 
surface  of  an  insect,  generally  separated  by  a  suture  from  the 
middle  of  the  base  of  the  thorax. 

Scutellar  angle,  (of  the  elytrci)  is  the  angle  next  to  the  scutel. 

Secund,  pointing  one  way  ;  unilateral. 

Securiform,  hatchet-shaped  ;  triangular-compressed  like  the  iron 
part  of  a  hatchet.     See  dolabriform. 

Segment,  of  the  abdomen,  is  a  ring  or  division  of  that  part,  and 
is  bounded  by  sutures  or  incisures. 

Semicomplete,  (metamorphose)  in  this  kind  of  change  the  insect 
continues  active  and  feeds,  as  in  Grillus.  See  coarctate,  in- 
complete. 

Semici/lindric,  flat  on  one  side;  the  form  of  the  longitudinal 
half  of  a  cylinder. 

Semisagittate,  half  arrow-shaped ;  like  the  longitudinal  half  of  an 
arrow-head. 

Septum,  an  internal  division  of  a  tubular  body. 

Sericeous,  having  the  surface  shining  by  means  of  dense,  minute, 
short,  silky  hair.     See  pubescent. 


154  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Serrate,  like  the  teeth  of  a  common  saw ;  differs  from  crenate  in 
having  the  teeth  acute,  and  from  dentate  in  having  them  di- 
rected towards  one  end,  the  tips  not  being  opposite  to  the 
middle  of  their  base. 

Sesquitertial,  occupying  the  fourth  part. 

Sesquiocellus,  or  sesquialter,  a  large  ocellus  including  a  smaller 
one. 

Sessile,  connected  immediately  with  the  part  from  which  it  ori- 
ginates, without  the  intervention  of  a  peduncle ;  (abdomen) 
attached  to  the  stethidium,  by  a  considerable  part  of  its  whole 
breadth. 

Seta,  a  bristle. 

Setaceous,  bristle-shaped;  slender  and  gradually  attenuated  to 
the  tip.     See  capillary,  filiform. 

Setarious,  aristate ;  terminating  in  a  simple  naked  bristle,  as  in 
the  antennae  of  some  of  the  Diptera. 

Setous,  bristly,  set  with  bristles. 

Sexes,  of  insects,  are  distinguished  in  Entomological  works  by 
%  (Mars)  for  male,  and  ?  (Venus)  female. 

Shank,  the  tibia. 

Simple,  destitute  *  of  any  remarkable  processs  or  appendage ; 
(thighs)  equal,  not  dilated  or  formed  for  leaping ;  (aculeus) 
having  only  a  single  dart  or  point,  not  vaginate. 

Sinuate,  indented  ;  cut  into  deep  sinuses. 

Sinus,  a  curvilinear  indentation  more  or  less  profound ;  differs 
from  emargina  in  not  being  angulated ;  an  excavation  as  if 
scooped  out.     See  refuse. 

Solid,  this  term  is  applied  to  the  capitulum  of  the  antennas, 
when  the  articulations  of  which  it  is  composed  exhibit  no  in- 
terval between  them. 

Sparse,  or  sparsate,  scattered ;  spread  irregularly,  and  at  a  dis- 
tance from  each  other. 

Spatulatc,  battledoor-shaped;  round  and  broad  at  top  and  attenu- 
ated at  base.     See  cuneiform. 

Species,  comprehends  all  the  individuals  which  descend  from  one 
another  or  from  a  common  parentage,  and  those  which  resemble 
them  as  much  as  they  resemble  each  other. 

Specific  character,  a  character  which  comprehends  all  the  indi- 
viduals of  a  species,  and  distinguishes  them  from  all  others  of 
the  same  genus 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  155 

Spicula,  the  instrument  with  which  the  female  lays   her   eggs. 

See  vagina. 
Spinous,  armed  with  acute  processes  or  spines. 
Spinous-rddiate,  beset  with  spines  in  a  circle,  either  concatenate, 

united  at  their  bases,  or  tetaceouSf  like  bristles. 
Spvmdse,  spinous  processes  at  the  base  of  the  tibia,  in  Hymen- 

opterous  insects,  including   velum;   they  are  the  "  spines  "  or 

••  spurs  "  of  Degecr,  and  Jieeh  of  Leach. 
Spiracula,  Spiracle,  one  of  the  lateral  orifices  of  the  trunk  and 

abdomen,  through  which  insects  respire ;  the  stigmata. 
Spiral,  revolving  obliquely  like  a  corkscrew ;  or  rolled  up  like  a 

watch-spring. 
Spurious,  this   word  is  applied  to   the  anterior  feet  of  some  of 

the  Lepidoptera,  in  which  these  members  are  destitute  of  nails, 

and  not  suitable  for  walking. 
Spurs,  the  spinulse. 
Squama,  or  scale,  a  small  scale  above  the  halteres  in  the  Dip- 

tera ;  it  is  composed  of  two  pieces  united  at  their  edges,  as  in 

bivalve  shells. 
S'piamula,  a  very  small   corneous,  concavo-convex   scale,  cover- 
ing the  base  of  the  superior  wings  in  some  insects. 
Squamous,  scaly  ;  covered  with  scales. 
Squarrous,  scurfy ;    consisting   of  rough  scales  spreading  every 

way,  or  divided  into  pieces,  standing  upright  and  not  parallel 

with  the  surface. 
St»Hate,  star-formed ;    with    four  or   five    radiating    lines.     See 

radiated. 
S'emmata,  two   or   three   simple,  convex,  crystalline   bodies   on 

the  vertex  of  many  insects,  resembling  the  eyes  of  spiders,  &c, 

and  probably  performing  the  same  functions. 
Sternum,  a  carina  or  corneous  process  immersed  in,  or  prominent 

on  the  pectus,  and  which  extends   longitudinally  between  the 

anterior  feet,  often   elongated  before   or  behind,  or  concealed 

by  the  base  of  the  anterior  feet. 
Stethidium,  the  trunk;   all  that  part  of  the   body  included  be- 
tween the  head  and  abdomen.     See  thorax. 
Stigma,  an   opake   spot  on   the  costal   margin   of  the    anterior 

wings,  of  some   Neuroptera,   &c. ;    it    is  the    "  anastomosis " 

of  Kirby,  and    the    "  punctum   marginale"   of  Linne.      See 

carpus. 


156  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Stigmata,  the  spiracula. 

Stipes,  the  stalk  or  basal  portion  of  the  jwoboscis. 

Stipitate,  supported  on  a  pedicle. 

Stria,  a  longitudinal  line,  often  punctured,  generally  proceeding 
from  the  base  to  the  apex  of  the  elytra. 

Striate,  scored;  marked  with  fine,  parallel,  impressed,  longitudi- 
nal lines.     See  sulcate. 

Striga,  a  narrow  transverse  line.     See  fascia. 

Strigilis,  a  deep  sinus  near  the  base  of  the  palma ;  in  some  Hy- 
menoptera  it  is  often  pectinated. 

Strigose,  clothed  with  rigid  bristles  thickest  at  base.     See  hispid. 

Sub,  is  prefixed  to  many  of  the  terms  used  in  Entomology,  and 
signifies  that  the  term  is  not  exactly  applicable,  in  its  strictly 
defined  sense,  to  the  subject  spoken  of,  but  that  it  must  be 
understood  with  some  latitude ;  thus  stibovate  is  somewhat  egg- 
shaped. 

Subcutaneous,  placed  under  the  skin;  applied  to  larvae  which  feed 
under  the  skin  of  animals,  or  within  the  substance  of  the  leaf  of 
a  plant. 

Suberoded,  (wings)  somewhat  indented,  but  irregularly. 

Sidmiargin,  an  imaginary  portion  of  a  surface,  situated  exterior 
to  the  disk,  and  within  the  margin. 

Submarginal  cellules,  the  cubital  cellules. 

Suboccllate,  applied  to  a  spot  on  the  wing  of  a  Lepidopterous 
Insect,  when  it  resembles  an  ocellate  spot,  but  is  destitute  of  a 
pupil;  blind. 

Subulate,  awl-shaped ;  linear  at  base  and  attenuated  at  the  tip. 

Sulcated,  marked  with  broad,  concave,  parallel  lines ;  grooved  ; 
furrowed.     See  striate. 

Sulphureous,  bright  yellow  ;  the  color  of  sulphur. 

Superciliary,  placed  above  the  eyes. 

Superior  wings,  the  anterior  or  upper  pair  of  wings. 

T. 

Tail,  the  terminal  segment  of  the  abdomen ;  an  elongation  of  the 
tip  of  the  inferior  wing  in  some  Lepidoptera. 

Tarsus,  the  small  terminal  joints  of  the  feet,  divided  into  planta, 
digitus;  Kirby  limits  this  designation  to  the  terminal  joints  of 
the  intermediate  and  posterior  pairs  of  feet ;  for  that  of  the  an- 
terior pair  see  manus ;  but  authors  generally  have  not  made 
this  distinction. 


AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY.  157 

Tegmina,  wing  covers  of  the  Orthoptera ;  the  left  laps  over  the 
right  in  Blatta,  Phasma,  and  male  Locustae,  and  generally  in 
Gryllus  and  Truxalis — the  right  over  the  left  in  Mantis,  Mantispa, 
Acheta,  Gryllotalpa,  and  some  female  Locusta.    See  hemclytra. 

Tegula,  a  small  scale,  resembling  the  squamula  of  the  Diptera, 
but  more  simple  and  solid,  on  the  base  of  the  superior  wings  of 
many  insects. 

Tendo,  one  or  more  bristles  attached  near  the  base  of  the  under 
wing,  and  passing  through  the  hook  (hamus)in  many  male  Lep- 
idoptera ;  the  females  often  have  the  tendo,  but  never  the 
hamus. 

Tentacula,  retractile  processes  on  the  larvae  of  some  species  of 
Lepidoptera. 

Teres,  nearly  cylindric. 

Tergum,  the  superior  portion  of  the  abdomen,  separated  from  the 
venter  by  lateral  sutures,  and  divided  into  segments  which  are 
perforated  each  side  with  the  spiraculse. 

Terminal,  situated  at  the  extremity. 

Tessellated,  chequered  ;  figured  like  a  chess-board. 

Testaceous,  tile  or  brick  color. 

Tetragonal,  having  four  corners  or  angles. 

Hugh,  the  femur;  the  third  joint  of  the  feet. 

Thorax,  the  dorsal  portion  of  the  trunk,  included  by  the  dorsal 
sutures,  and  including  tubercula,  anterior  angle,  posterior  angle, 
base.     See  pectus. 

Thyrsus,  a  cluster. 

Tibia,  the  leg,  or  fourth  joint  of  the  feet ;  it  is  slender,  long, 
enlarging  towards  the  extremity,  which  is  truncated ;  includ- 
ing spinulse,  scopa,  and  corbinda. 

Tip,  of  the  elytra,  is  that  part  which  is  opposed  to  the  base. 

Tomentose,  covered  with  fine  hairs  so  matted  together  that  par- 
ticular hairs  cannot  be  separated.     See  lanate,  ciliate. 

Tongue,  the  ligida  or  lingua. 

Torose,  protuberating ;  swelling  into  knobs  or  protuberances. 

Torpidity,  a  state  of  hybernation  in  which  no  exterior  signs  of  life 
are  exhibited.     See  quiescence,  revivescence. 

Tortilis,  twisted. 

Transverse,  the  longest  diameter  placed  transversely  with  respect 
to  the  body. 


158  AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

Trapezium,  a  quadrilateral  or  four-sided  figure  with  none  of  it? 

sides  parallel. 
Trichotomous,  dividing  by  threes. 
Tricuspidate,  ending  in  three  points. 
Tridactijlous,  having  three  toes  or  claws. 
Trigonate,  three-cornered. 

Triquetrous,  three-sided  ;  with  three  flat  sides.     See  trigonate. 
Trochanter,  the  second  joint  of  the  feet,  preceding  the  thigh  or 

femur  ;  it  is  also  the  second  joint  of  the  apophysis  ;  it  is  very 

prominent  in  the  Carabidse. 
Trochlear  is,  pulley -shaped ;    like  a  cylinder   contracted  in  the 

middle. 
Trophi,  instrumenta  cibaria;  feeders;  parts  of  the  mouth  taken 

collectively,  composed   of  five   principal   parts,  viz.    labrum. 

mandibles,  maxillse,  palpi,  labium. 
Truncate,  cut  off  square  at  tip.     See  cmarginate,  sinus. 
Trunk,  or  stcthidium,  that  part  of  the  body  which  intervenes  be- 
tween the  head  and  abdomen,  including  tcings,  feet,  thorax, 
pectus,  epigastrium. 
Tubercle,  a  little  solid  pimple. 
Tubercula,  an  elevated  triangular  process  at  the  anterior  angle  of 

the  thorax,  particularly  in  Hymenoptera. 
Tubidous,  formed  like  a  tube ;  fistulous. 

Tubus,  a  corneous  sheath  at  the  base  of  the  tongue,  including 
fulcrum,  auriculse,  and  lacinise.     Fabricius  calls  it  the  base  of 

the  tongue.     Degeer  names  it  "  the  intermediate  piece  of  the 

sheath ;"  Swammerdam  also  considers  it  "  the  sheath  of  the 

tongue."     Latreille  names  it  "  la  gaine." 
Tunicate,  composed  of  concentric  layers  enveloping  one  another. 
Turbinate,  top-shaped ;  nearly  conical ;  it  differs  from  pyrifor?n 

in  being  shorter  and  more  suddenly  attenuated  at  base. 
Turgid,  swollen. 

U. 
Umbilicate,  resembling  a  navel. 
Umbonate,  bossed,  having  an  elevated  knob  in  the  centre.     See 

gibbous. 
Uncinate,  hooked  at  the  end. 
Unequal,  opposed  to  equal;  differing  in  length. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY.  199 

Undulated,  waved   obtusely,  without  any  right  lines,  but  in  seg- 
ments of  circles.     Sec  Jiexuous. 
Unguiculate,  armed  with  a  hook  or  nail. 
Unguis,  nail  or  claw,  two   incurved  hooks  which  terminate   the 

tarsus.      See  pulviUus. 
Ungulate,  hoof-shaped ;  like  a  horse's  hoof. 
Urceolate,  pitcher-shaped  ;  swelling  in  the  middle  like  a  pitcher. 

See  infundihiilifonn,  cyathiform. 
Utriculus,  a  little  bag,  or  hollow  vesicle. 

V. 
Vagina,  every  part,  the  office  of  which  is  to  cover,  defend,  or 
support  the  tongue — it  is  divided  into  tubus,  valise,  palpi,  lora, 
and  annulus,  (Kirby)  ;  the  bivalve  coriaceous  sheath  or  cover 
of  the  spicula. 
Vaginate,  (aculeus)  inclosed  in  a  bivalve  sheath. 
Valves,  or  valvules,  in  the  Hymenoptera,  are  two  coriaceous  laminae 
or  sheaths  which  surround  and  inclose  the  vagina,  and  which 
support  the  exterior  palpi ;  small  concave  membranes  inclosing 
the  proboscis  ;  the  maxillae. 
Variety,  a  peculiarity   of  color  or  form   in    an   individual,  not 
proper  to   the   species ;  this  difference  is  sometimes   inherited 
by  several  successive  generations. 
Variolous,  with  large,  unequal,  impressed  points. 
Veins,  fvense).     See  nervures. 
Velum,  membranaceous  appendages  attached  to  the  spinuUe  at 

the  apex  of  the  anterior  tibiae. 
Venter,  the  inferior  portion  of  the  abdomen,  separated  from  the 

tergum  by  lateral  sutures,  and  divided  into  segments. 
Vcntricose,  distended ;  bellying  ;  inflated. 
Vcrnantia,  vernatio;    moulting,   the   shedding   of  the   skin    or 

exuvia. 
Verrucose,  having  little  hard  lumps  or  wart-like  elevations  upon 

the  surface.     See  papiflous,  apiculate. 
Versatile,  vane-like ;  turning  about  like  a  vane. 
Vertebral,  of  or  belonging  to  the  vertebra*  generally  used   to 
indicate    spots,  lines   or  a  different  shading  of  color,  &c,  im- 
mediately over  the  part  corresponding  with  the  vertebral  column 
in  a  vertebrate  animal. 


1G0  AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGY. 

Vertex,  that  part  of  the  face  which  lies  between  the  occiput,  eyes 
and  front ';  (Diptera)  the  superior  portion  of  the  front. 

"Vertical,  perpendicular ;  at  right  angles  with  the  horizon.  See 
erect. 

Verticillate,  placed  in  whirls. 

Vesicular,  beset  with  prominences  that  are  internally  concave,  or 
with  little  bladders. 

Vibratile,  this  term  is  used  to  express  the  almost  continual 
movement  of  the  antennae  of  some  Ichneumons  and  Mutillse  ; 
and  of  the  wings  of  some  Diptera. 

Vibrissse,  curved  bristles  or  hairs  in  some  Diptera  situated  be- 
tween the  mystax  and  the  antennae. 

Villi,  soft  hairs. 

Villous,  soft  haired ;  clothed  with  long,  soft  hair.  See  hirsute, 
pubescent. 

Violaceous,  violet  color ;  a  mixture  of  blue  and  red. 

Viscid,  covered  with  a  resinous  or  greasy  matter.     See  glutinous. 

Vitellinus,  yellow,  with  a  slight  tinge  of  red. 

Vitta,  a  longitudinal  colored  line. 

W. 

Whirls,  or  ivhorls,  generally  on  the  antennae,  consisting  of  small 
hairs  placed  round  the  joints,  like  spokes  round  the  cave  of  a 
wheel.     See  verticellate. 

Wing-cells,  the  areas. 

Winglets,  small  concavo-convex  scales  generally  fringed  at  tip, 
placed  under  the  base  of  the  elytra  in  Dytiscus  marginalis. 

Wings,  membranaceous,  reticulated  instruments  of  flight,  affixed 
laterally  to  the  thorax,  comprehending  superior  or  anterior, 
and  inferior  or  posterior  wings,  elytra  and  hcmelytra.  See 
2)osterior  angle,  nervure,  stigma. 


WESTERN   QUARTERLY   REPORTER.  161 


[From  the  Western  Quarterly  Reporter,  Vol.  II.  No.  1,  for  January, 
February,  and  March,  1823,  p.  71-82.] 


ARTICLE  IX. 

Natural   History. 

A  Description  of  some  new  species  of  Hymenopterous  Insects.* 

BY  THOMAS  SAY, 

Professor  of  Natural  History  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Zoology  to  the 
Philadelphia  Museum. 

The  following  descriptions  of  insects  belonging  to  the  order 
Hymenoptera,  of  Linne,  have  been  made  out  from  specimens  col- 
lected by  myself  whilst  engaged  as  a  member  of  Major  Long's 
exploring  party  under  the  orders  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  J.  C. 
Calhoun,  in  traversing  the  region  of  country  which  extends  from 
the  river  Mississippi  to  the  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  These 
insects  constitute  about  one-third  of  the  whole  number  of  new 
Hymenoptera  discovered  during  the  expedition  :  the  remainder 
will  be  the  subject  of  a  future  essay. 

*  The  name  of  this  class  of  insects  is  derived  from  two  Greek  words 
'ufA»v-atis,  membrane,  and  3-t«/>*,  wing.  The  insects  belonging  to  it  have 
most  commonly  four  naked  wings,  with  longitudinal  nervures,  the  infe- 
rior of  which  are  shorter  and  straighter  than  the  superior,  to  which  they 
are  attached.  They  have  six  feet,  a  mouth  furnished  with  distinct  man- 
dibles, with  jaws  and  a  lip  which  by  their  union  form  a  trunk  or  sucker, 
which  is  called  tongue.  The  female  most  frequently  has  the  abdomen 
terminated  with  a  little  needle  or  awl.  The  wasp  and  bee  are  familiar 
instances  of  the  general  characters  belonging  to  this  class  of  insects. 
The  service  rendered  by  these,  which  like  the  wasp  prey  on  inferior  in- 
sects,  is  scarcely  less  acceptable  than  that  performed  by  the  bee  iu  the 
collection  of  honey  for  our  use.  The  manners  of  this  class  are  very  in- 
teresting throughout,  whether  we  consider  them  engaged  in  the  con- 
struction of  receptacles  for  their  progeny,  or  selecting  with  great  appa- 
rent  forethought  and  much  labor,  the  food  which  is  destined  for  their 
subsistence. — Ed.  W.  Q.  R. 

11 


162  WESTERN   QUARTERLY   REPORTER. 

ALLANTUS  Jurine. 

1.  A.  ventralis. — Black ;  feet  before  and  abdomen  beneath 
white. 

Inhabits  Arkansa.  [72] 

Body  black ;  nasus,  labrum,  mouth,  abbreviated  line  above  the 
eye,  and  large  spot  beneath  it,  white ;  thorax  with  a  line  before 
the  wing,  small  spot  each  side  on  the  scutel,  white  ;  wings  a  little 
dusky :  feet  white  before ;  pectus  with  a  white  line  on  each  side, 
and  somewhat  testaceous  central  spot ;  tergum  immaculate ;  venter 
white. 

Length  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

2.  A.  bifasciatus. — Black ;  tergum  with  a  white  band  at 
base,  and  a  rufous  one  in  the  middle. 

Inhabits  Arkansa. 

Body  black ;  nasus  white ;  labrum  and  palpi  dull  whitish  : 
thorax  with  a  yellowish  line  before  each  wing ;  scutel  yellowish  ; 
wings  dusky ;  nervures  brown  ;  feet  white  ;  tips  of  the  posterior 
thighs  and  their  tibiae,  black  ;  tergum  with  a  white  band  at  base 
.ind  a  rufous  one  on  the  middle. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch.  (  £  ) 

For  this  handsome  species  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Thomas 
Nuttall. 

3.  A.  externus. — Black  :  tibia  white  on  the  exterior  side. 
Inhabits  Missouri. 

Body  deep  black  ;  head  with  a  spot  each  side  on  the  nasus  and 
base  of  the  mandibles,  white  ;  wings  fuliginous  ;  nervures  black  : 
thighs  at  tip  above,  incisures  of  the  coxae,  exterior  side  of  the 
tibia  and  tarsi,  white  :  posterior  feet  robust. 

Length  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch.     A  female. 

4.  A.  pallipes. — Black ;  thorax  rufous  before  ;  feet  white. 
Inhabits  Missouri. 

Body  black ;  labrum  and  palpi  white ;  thorax  with  a  rufous 
triangle  before,  a  rufous  spot  on  each  side  of  the  disk,  another 
beneath  the  origin  of  the  wing  and  tip  of  the  scutel  rufous  :  a 
whitish  spot  before  the  wings ;  wings,  a  little  dusky ;  carpus 
whitish  :  feet  white ;  posterior  thighs  blackish  in  the  middle ;  ter- 


WESTERN   QUARTERLY   REPORTER.  163 

gum,  with  the  lateral  basal  margin  of  the  segments,  rufous ;  venter 
rufo-testaccous  each  side,  dusky  in  the  middle. 
Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

DOLERUS  Jurine. 

D.  COLLARIS. — Black;  thorax,  rufous  before. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Body  entirely  black ;  with  the  exception  of  a  yellowish-rufous 
[73]  anterior  thoracic,  triangle,  and  anterior  segment  or  collar  of 
the  same  color,  which  descends  on  each  side. 

Length  to  the  tip  of  the  wings  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

TREMEX  Jurine. 

1.  T.  sericeus.     [Ante,  p.  73.] 

2.  T.  obsoletus.     [Ante,  p.  74.] 

ANOMALON  Jurine. 

A.  flavicornis. — Black ;  antenna?  yellow  ;  wings  blackish  ; 
abdomen  very  much  compressed. 

Inhabits  Arkansa. 

Mouth  piceous;  thorax  with  two  approximate  dilated  grooves 
confluent  behind  ;  scutel  united  to  the  thorax  by  a  cariuated  line 
each  side ;  tip  of  the  superior  wings,  and  tip  of  the  interior  mar- 
gin of  the  inferior  wings,  broadly  margined  with  blackish  :  abdo- 
men dilated  towards  the  tip,  broad,  very  much  compressed; 
first  segment  sub-cylindric,  nearly  as  long  as  the  second  and  third 
segments  taken  together,  and  geniculate  at  its  union  with  the 
second  segment. 

Length  more  than  one  inch. 

I  obtained  an  individual  specimen  near  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

MUTILLA  of  Authors.  [74] 

M.  qtjadriguttata. — First  segment  of  the  tergum  with  four 
yellow   dots. 

Inhabits  near  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Body  ferruginous,  with  confluent  punctures ;  antennae  and 
mandibles  black  at  tip ;  tergum  black,  first  segment  with  four 
yellow  dots  placed  nearly  equidistant  two  and  two,  the  anterior 


164  WESTERN   QUARTERLY  REPORTER. 

pair  smaller  j  posterior  segments  and  tips  of  the  first  segment 
with  yellowish  sericeous  hair. 
Length  more  than  half  an  inch. 

SCOLIA  Latreille,  Jurine. 

1.  S.  8-maculata.     [Ante,  p.  68.] 

2.  S.  tricincta.     [Ante,  p.  69.] 

3.  S.  confluenta.     [Ante,  p.  68.] 

PLESIA  Jurine.  [75] 

P.  marginata. — Yellow  ;  abdominal  segments  margined  be- 
hind with  black ;  beneath  black. 

Body  yellow ;  head  black,  varied  with  yellow ;  collar  with  the 
anterior  declivity  black;  thorax  black;  squammula  and  large  cen- 
tral spots  yellow ;  two  spots  on  the  scutel  yellow  ;  metathorax  and 
a  large  spot  on  the  pleura  pale  rufous ;  feet  black  :  a  whitish 
spot  near  the  tip  of  the  posterior  face  of  the  tibia,  and  another 
upon  the  anterior  face  of  the  anterior  pair ;  tergum  with  the  pos- 
terior margin  of  the  segments  black  ;  anal  segments  black  :  ven- 
ter with  three  triangular  yellow  spots  on  each  side. 

Length  less  than  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  agrees  in  character  with  the  genus  Plesia  of  Jurine; 
but  it  differs  from  Mizine  of  Latreille,  by  having  the  mandibles 
entirely  destitute  of  teeth,  a  character  which  it  possesses  in  com- 
mon with  Meria  Illiger,  but  the  form  of  its  wing  cells  will  not 
admit  of  its  being  referred  to  the  latter  genus. 

SAPYGA  Latreille,  Jurine. 

S.  subulata. — Black,  elongated ;  thorax  spotted,  and  abdom- 
inal segments  margined  with  yellow  ;  feet  yellow. 

Inhabits  the  United  States. 

Body  elongated,  black,  apparently  glabrous  but  covered  with 
short  hair ;  clypeus  and  base  of  the  mandibles,  yellow ;  mandibles 
with  a  single  tooth  near  the  tip ;  antennae  rather  longer  than  the 
thorax,  cylindrical,  attenuated  at  base ;  thorax  bifasciated  before 
the  wings,  the  anterior  band  interrupted;  a  spot  on  [76]  the  disk 
and  two  transverse  scutellar  spots  yellow;  metathorax  with  two  lon- 
gitudinal yellow  spots  ;  a  yellow  triangular  spot  under  the  origin 


WESTERN   QUARTERLY  REPORTER.  165 

of  the  wings ;  feet  yellow,  black  at  base  ;  wings  tinged  with  fer- 
ruginous ;  abdomen  segments  with  yellow  posterior  margins  in- 
terrupted on  the  middle  of  the  venter,  the  anterior  one  not  ex- 
tending beneath ;  anterior  segment  abruptly  rather  smaller  than 
the  second  one  ;  aculeus  naked,  exerted,  inflexible,  recurved. 
My  specimens  are  males.  It  inhabits  Missouri  as  well  as 
Pennsylvania,  and  is  not  uncommon.  Probably  it  is  allied  to 
Elis  sexcincta  Fab. 

POMPILUS  Fabr.,  Latr.,  Jur. 
P.  formosus.     [Ante,  p.  91.] 

AMPULEX  Jur. 

A.  canaliculata. — Black;  superior  wings  with  a  blackish 
band ;  antennae  and  feet  piceous. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Mandibles  at  tip  and  lab  rum  rufous;  front  with  a  carina  above 
each  of  the  antennae  and  another  in  the  middle  which  descends 
upon  the  hypostoma ;  collar  densely  punctured  and  grooved  in 
the  middle;  thorax  sparsely  punctured  and  with  two  distant 
longitudinal  impressed  lines;  metathorax  with  eight  dilated 
grooves,  in  which  are  numerous  transverse  elevated  lines ;  wings 
brownish,  superiores  with  a  blackish  band  and  black  stigma ;  ab- 
domen polished  immaculate. 

Length  nearly  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

These  insects  have  a  singular  appearance  in  consequence  of 
their  elongated  collar  and  metathorax.  The  species  resembles 
the  Fasciatus  Jur.,  but  differs  in  the  number  of  grooves  on  the 
metathorax. 

STIZUS  Latr.,  Jur.  [77J 

1.  S.  grandis.  [Ante,  page  3.] 

2.  S.  unicixctus.     [Ante,  p.  4.] 

LARRA  Fabr.,  Latr. 

1.  L.  abdominalis. — Black  ;  thorax  with  cinereous  down ;  ab- 
domen, first,  second  and  third  segments,  rufous ;  feet  black. 
Inhabits  Arkansa. 
Body  black  ;  front  argenteous ;  thorax  with  cinereous  down  ; 


166  WESTERN   QUARTERLY   REPORTER. 

feet  black,  with  argenteous  hair;  abdomen,  first,  second  and  third 
segments,  bright  rufous  ;  on  the  tergum  each  with  a  lateral  silvery 
sericeous  lunule;  terminal  segments  black,  of  which  the  fourth 
one  has  a  lateral  sericeous  lunule ;  anal  segment  with  a  rufous 
reflection  above. 

Length  of  one  specimen  eleven-twentieths,  of  another  seven- 
tenths  of  an  inch. 

With  the  exception  of  the  tibia,  this  species,  in  point  of  color, 
resembles  L.  tricolor  F.,  but  differs  from  it  in  form,  the  abdomen 
in  this  respect  being  more  closely  allied  to  that  of  L.  iclineumoni- 
formis.  [78] 

2.  L.  tarsata. — Black ;  abdomen  rufous  ;  tarsi  rufous. 

Inhabits  Arkansa. 

Body  black  ;  abdomen  entirely  rufous,  drawing  on  sanguineous; 
tarsi,  with  the  exception  of  the  first  and  second  ones,  rufous ; 
wiags  hyaline. 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

ASTATA  Latr. 

A.  bicolor. — Black ;  abdomen  bright  rufous,  dusky  at  tip. 

Inhabits  Arkansa. 

Head,  minutely  punctured;  mandibles,  piceous  at  tips;  ante- 
rior stemmata  of  the  male,  very  large;  thorax  minutely  punctured ; 
wings  hyaline  ;  nervures  blackish  ;  stigma  pale  rufous ;  abdomen 
rufous  sanguineous ;  the  male  black  at  tip,  scutel  on  the  disk  im- 
punctured,  polished ;  metathorax  with  crowded  dilated  superficial 
punctures. 

Length  less  than  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

On  a  transient  view  this  insect  resembless  Larva  tarsata.  I 
obtained  it  near  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

•      NYSSON  Latreille,  Jurine. 

N.  5-spinostjs. — Black  :  abdomen  fasciate  with  glaucous ; 
metathorax  four  or  five  spined. 

Inhabits  Arkansa. 

Body  black ;  antennae  whitish  beneath ;  clypeus  white  with  a 
longitudinal  black  line ;  mandibles  black  :  margin  of  the  collar 
tuberculi,  (Kirby,)  an  oblique  interrupted  line  above  the  wings, 
scutellar  line  and  tips  of  the  metathoracic  spines,  whitish  :  spines 


WESTERN   QUARTERLY    REPORTER.  167 

about  five,  the  superior  ones  largest,  the  intermediate  one  of  the  in- 
ferior series  obtuse,  sometimes  obsolete;  tibia,  anterior  pairs  white 
before  ;  anterior  tarsi  with  elongated  setae  before,  (as  in  many  spe- 
cies of  Gorytes  ;)  abdomen  with  the  posterior  margins  of  the  seg- 
ments glaucous,  above  somewhat  iridescent. 
Length  less  than  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

CllABRO  Fabricius,  Latreille. 

C.  10-maculatus. — Black  ;  tergum  with  five  yellow  spots  each 
side. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Hypostoma  and  front  with  silvery  hair  ;  antennae  black  ;  scapus 
and  first  joint  of  the  flagellum,  yellow  ;  thorax  punctured  ;  collar 
yellow,  uninterrupted ;  scutel  and  base  of  the  metathorax  [79] 
with  each  a  transverse  yellow  line  ;  pectus  with  two  yellow  spots  of 
which  the  posterior  one  is  transverse  ;  wings  brown  ;  feet  yellow  ; 
thighs  rufous,  blackish  at  base ;  spots  of  the  tergum  large  and 
distinct,  the  posterior  one  approaching  more  closely  on  the  back; 
beneath  immaculate. 

Length  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Large  and  having  one  spot  more  on  each  side  than  C.  macula- 
tm  Fab. 

PHILANTHUS  Fabricius,  Latreille. 

1.  P.  canaliculatus.     [Ante,  page  111.]  [80] 

2.  P.  zonatus.     [Ante,  page  111.] 

Like  many  species  of  this  genus,  the  Zonatus  is  subject  to  vary 
in  its  tints  and  proportions  of  coloring.  I  have  a  fragment  of  a 
specimen  which  has  two  yellow  lines  on  the  scutel,  a  yellow  V,  on 
each  side  of  which  is  a  large  yellow  spot.  Sufficiently  distinct 
from  P.  vertilabris  L.  by  the  form  of  the  wing  cells. 

CERCERIS  Latreille. 

1.  C.  FRONTATA. — Nasus  elevated;  body  pale  rufous  ;  tergum 
yellow  with  rufous  incisures. 

Inhabits  Arkansa. 

Body  pale  rufous  ;  antennae  and  mandibles  black  at  tip ;  front 
pale  yellow ;  nasus  elevated  at  tip  from  the  clypeus,  widely  emar- 


168  WESTERN    QUARTERLY   REPORTER. 

ginated  and  densely  ciliated  on  the  anterior  edge,  lobes  acute  ;  cly- 
peus  four-toothed  at  tip ;  wings  dusky  blackish  on  the  posterior 
margin  ;  wing  scale  and  double  line  on  the  scutel  yellow  ;  tergum 
yellow;  incisures  reddish  brown. 

Length  of  the  body  nine-tenths  of  an  inch. 

The  specimen  is  a  female,  remarkable  by  the  prominence  of  the 
nasal  portion  of  the  face,  a  character  which  was  also  pointed  out  by 
Latreille,  in  a  species  which  he  called  Cerceris  aurita,  which  insect 
he  observed  to  nourish  its  young,  with  insects  of  the  Linnean 
genus  Curculio. 

2.  C.  bidentata. — Lateral  lobes  of  the  clypeus  each  elevated 
into  a  prominent  spine  :  anterior  margin  of  the  superior  wings 
dusky. 

Inhabits  Arkansa. 

Body  pale  yellowish ;  head  behind  the  eyes  and  above,  and 
base  of  the  antennae,  rufous ;  antennas  black  at  tip ;  front  concave 
lateral  lobes  of  the  clypeus  each  with  a  conic  prominence  per- 
pendicular to  the  surface;  mandibles  black  at  tip;  thorax  rufous 
on  the  principal  segment ;  superior  wings  blackish  on  the  anterior 
margin,  the  costal  nervure  tinged  with  yellowish  in  the  middle : 
tergum  incisures  reddish  brown  ;  segments  each  with  a  transverse 
groove  on  the  middle. 

Length  less  than  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

In  general  color,  very  much  resembles  the  preceding  species 
from  which  it  may  be  distinguished  by  its  much  smaller  size,  [81] 
and  by  the  two  remarkable  spines  or  tubercles  situated  on  the  lateral 
lobes  of  the  clypeus.     The  specimen  is  also  a  female. 

ODYNERUS   Latreille. 

0.  crypticus. — Rufous;  wings  dusky;  tergum  trifasciate  with 
yellow. 

Inhabits  Arkansa. 

Body  rufous,  much  punctured;  vertex  and  origin  of  the.  an- 
tennae, black ;  antennae  dusky  at  tip ;  thorax  with  a  black  spot 
before  the  middle  ;  scutel  bilobate  with  a  longitudinal  deeply  im- 
pressed line  ;  metathorax  concave ;  wings  dusky,  paler  at  tip ; 
tergum  with  three  yellow  bands,  the  anterior  one  smallest  and 
sub-concealed. 

Length  more  than  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 


WESTERN   QUARTERLY   REPORTER. 


169 


The  third  band  of  the  back  of  the  abdomen  is  sometimes  so 
near  the  preceding  band  as  to  appear  like  a  dilation  of  it. 

EPEOLUS  Latr.,  ;Fabr.,  Jur. 

E.  4-fasciatus. — Black;  abdomen  quadrifasciate,  terminal 
segment  tripunctured. 

Inhabits  Arkansa. 

Body  deep  opaque  black;  three  basal  joints  of  the  antennae, 
clypeus  and  labrum,  rufous ;  front  around  the  base  of  the  antennae, 
yellow;  thorax  with  an  anterior  and  posterior  yellow  line,  the  latter 
so  arquated  as  nearly  to  attain  the  former ;  a  broader  line  beneath 
the  wings ;  beneath  the  scutel  a  whitish  band  and  two  oblique 
lanceolate  spots ;  tergum,  4-banded  with  yellow,  first  band  very 
broad,  interrupted  by  a  line  which  is  very  slightly  dilated  in  the 
middle  ;  remaining  bands  narrower,  submarginal,  entire  ;  terminal 
segment  with  an  oblique  yellow  lateral  spot ;  feet  rufous. 

Length  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

On  flowers  near  the  Rocky  mountains.  It  is  much  larger  than 
E.  mercatus  F. 

MEGACHILE  Latreille. 

M.  latimanus. — Anterior  tarsi  dilated  and  with  incurved 
ciliae  on  the  inner  side;  first  joint  of  the  intermediate  tarsi  one- 
toothed.  (%) 

Inhabits  Arkansa. 

Body  black;  covered  with  greenish  cinereous  hair;  hair  of  the 
front  whitish  ;  antennae  filiform,  glabrous  ;  labrum  near  the  [82] 
tip,  concave,  glabrous,  polished,  tip  slightly  ciliated ;  mandibles  tri- 
dentate  on  the  oblique  tip  (in  the  male)  and  rufous  near  the  tip, 
on  the  exterior  side ;  anterior  feet  much  dilated  and  with  whitish 
hair,  dull  rufous ;  knees  black ;  the  tarsi  dilated  and  with  dense, 
elongated,  incurved  ciliae  :  intermediate  thighs  ventricose  beneath  ; 
tibiae  arquated ;  tarsi  dilated,  densely  hairy  on  the  inner  face, 
less  dilated  than  the  intermediate  ones ;  abdomen,  with  the  pos- 
terior edges  of  the  segments  densely  ciliated ;  anus  with  a  deep 
sinus  (in  the  male.) 

Length  nearly  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

In  the  much  dilated  appearance  of  the  anterior  tarsi,  this 
species  is  allied  to  the  Apis  lagopoda  of  Linnaeus,  and  its  prox- 
imate species. 


170  WESTERN    QUARTERLY   REPORTER- 


[Frorn  the  Western  Quarterly  Reporter,  vol.  ii.  No.  11,  for  April,  May, 
and  June,  1823,  p.  160—165. 


Description  of  Insects  belonging  to  the  order  NEUROPTERA  Lin.,  Latr. 
Collected  by  the  Expedition  authorized  by  J.  C.  Calhoun,  Secretary  of 
War,  under  the  command  of  Major  S.  H.  Long. 

BY  THOMAS  SAY, 

Professor  of  Natural  History  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Zoology  to  the 
Philadelphia  Museum. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

Natural  History. 

Genus  PHRYGANEA  L.  Latr. 

1.  P.  viridiventris. — Body  pale  brownish ;  abdomen  bright 
green ;  feet  whitish. 

Inhabits  the  Ohio  river. 

Body  pale  brownish,  somewhat  hairy,  hairs  cinereous;  head 
white  beneath  ;  eyes  prominent,  chestnut-brown  ;  antennae  rather 
longer  than  the  body,  light  brown,  whitish  at  base ;  pectus  white; 
leet  white ;  tarsi  of  the  intermediate  pair  of  feet,  dilated ;  supe- 
rior wings  ciliated,  dusky  or  blackish,  beyond  the  middle  a  few 
whitish  spots  somewhat  arranged  in  two  bands ;  inferior  wings 
dusky,  immaculate  ;  abdomen  bright  green. 

Length  to  the  tips  of  the  wings  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 
Length  of  the  antennae  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Observed  at  Cincinnati  about  the  middle  of  May ;  is  common 
but  not  very  numerous. 

2.  P.  numerosa. — Body  black;  antennae  and  feet  pale  brown- 
ish ;  abdomen  with  a  rufous  raised  lateral  line. 

Inhabits  the  Ohio  river. 

Head  transverse,  narrow,  black,  with  numerous  cinereous  hairs  ; 
eyes  remote,  prominent,  hemispherical,  black-brown ;  antennae  as 
long  as  the  body,  brown;  basal  joints  hairy,  black;  palpi  pale; 
thorax  black  with  cinereous  hairs;  feet  pale  brownish;  wings 
whitish  brown,  immaculate,  nervures  brown ;  abdomen  black, 
posterior  margin  of  the  segments  pale  rufous,  lateral  lines  of  the 
incisures  raised,  rufous;  tail  pale  rufous. 


WESTERN   QUARTERLY   REPORTER.  171 

Length  to  the  tip  of  the  wings  one-half  inch ;  of  the  body 
three-tenths  of  an  inch ;  of  the  superior  wings  nine-twentieths 
of  an  inch  ;  of  the  antennas  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  appears  in  vast  numbers  early  in  May  on  the  river 
Ohio.  From  the  7th  to  the  9th  of  that  month,  when  descending  the 
river,  I  observed  them  near  each  shore,  flying  [161]  in  opposition  to 
the  direction  of  the  wind,  and  so  extremely  numerous  that,  hav- 
ing a  white  appearance  when  flying,  they  might  be  compared  to 
flakes  of  snow,  in  a  moderate  fall  of  that  meteor.  They  were 
most  numerous  on  the  7th,  and  appeared  to  decrease  in  number 
daily. 

3.  P.  lateralis. — Body  blackish  ;  wings  white  ;  superior 
wings  spotted  with  brown  ;  eyes  dark  reddish-brown ;  feet 
white. 

Inhabits  Shipping-port. 

Body  blackish  with  cinereous  hairs  above,  and  shaded  with 
plumbeous  beneath ;  eyes  prominent,  dark  reddish-brown  ;  antennae 
and  mouth  pale ;  thorax  black,  with  cinereous  hairs ;  pectus 
black,  slightly  cinereous  or  plumbeous ;  feet  whitish ;  wings 
white ;  superiores  slightly  spotted  with  brown,  a  common  spot 
on  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin,  and  several  nearer  the  tip, 
somewhat  arranged  into  a  band,  the  costal  one  of  which  is  larger; 
inferiores  white  immaculate  ;  abdomen  blackish,  pale  vitta  each 
side,  and  a  pale  posterior  margin  to  the  segments ;  caudal  appen- 
dages white. 

Length  to  the  tip  of  the  wings  two-tenths  of  an  inch  ;  of  the 
body  two-tenths  of  an  inch;  of  the  antenna?  three-tenths  of 
an  inch. 

This  species  appears  in  very  great  numbers  on  the  banks  of 
the  Ohio,  near  Shippingport,  on  the  21st  of  May.  Judging 
from  the  small  space  of  about  half  a  mile  on  the  Indiana  side  of 
the  river,  where  I  had  an  opportunity  to  see  them,  their  numbers 
could  be  little  inferior  to  that  of  P.  numerosa,  which  occurred  a 
few  days  before,  but  of  which  a  specimen  was  now  rarely  seen. 

4.  P.  semifasciata.     [Ante,  p.  97.] 

Genus  BAETIS  Leach.  [162] 

1.  B.  FEMORATA. — Wings  whitish;  nervures  deep  brown,  and 
marginated  with  brown ;  inferior  wings  subovate,  hardly  half  as 
long  as  the  superior  ones. 


172  WESTERN    QUARTERLY  REPORTER. 

Length  of  body  half  an  inch  nearly. 

Male.  Body  brown ;  abdomen  beneath  whitish ;  eyes  large, 
prominent,  approximate,  separated  above  only  by  a  fissure ;  thighs 
banded  with  reddish-brown  near  the  middle,  and  at  tip ;  wings 
snowy  white  :  nervures  brown,  and  margined  with  brown,  more 
particularly  so  at  the  base,  middle  and  tip  of  their  costal  mar- 
gins ;  caudal  setae  hardly  twice  the  length  of  the  body. 

Female.  Body  brown ;  scutel  yellowish,  distinct ;  venter 
whitish ;  eyes  distant ;  front  prominently  carinated :  wings 
whitish )  nervures  brown,  equally  margined  with  brown ;  inferior 
wings  less  than  half  as  long  as  the  superior ;  feet  pale  brown,  a 
reddish-brown  band  and  tip  to  the  thighs ;  caudal  setae  hardly  as 
long  as  those  of  the  male. 

Caught  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  did  not  appear  in  any  con- 
siderable numbers. 

Genus  CLOEON   Leach. 

C.  posticata. — Abdomen  pale  green,  behind  brown ;  thorax 
black  opake  ;  wings  white. 

Inhabits  Shipping-port. 

Eyes  apparently  four,  approximate ;  superior  ones  elevated, 
subpedunculated ;  cornea  subdiscoidal,  slightly  convex,  edge 
tinged  with  yellow ;  inferior  ones  smaller,  not  elevated,  longitudi- 
nally oval,  dark  reddish-brown ;  thorax  deep  black  opake  :  wings 
pure  white,  immaculate,  inferior  ones  very  small ;  feet  pure  white, 
anterior  pair  slightly  dusky  at  base ;  scutel  elevated  ;  abdomen 
pale  bluish-green,  hyaline,  tbree  terminal  joints  deep  brown  opake 
above ;  seta  two,  long,  pure  white. 

Length  of  the  body  three-tenths  of  an  inch ;  of  the  setae 
seven-tenths  of  an  inch.  [163] 

A  small  and  delicate  species.  Considerable  numbers  of  them 
appeared  on  our  boat,  May  21st,  while  at  Shippingport.  The 
contrast  between  the  black  and  greenish  colors  of  this  insect  is 
very  striking ;  and  the  greenish  portion  of  the  abdomen  is  so 
diaphanous  as  to  exhibit  the  movements  of  the  interior  of  the 
body. 

Genus  EPHEMERA  Latr.,  Leach. 

E.  curiDA. — Body  black ;  wings  dusky,  inferiores  pale,  dusky 
at  tip ;  thorax  with  three  distinct  longitudinal  lines. 
Inhabits  Ohio  river. 


WESTERN    QUARTERLY   REPORTER.  173 

,  Male.  Body  black ;  front  carinated ;  eyes  small,  remote ; 
thorax  black,  with  a  cinereous  tinge,  a  longitudinal  dorsal  broad 
black  vitta,  and  a  lateral  impressed  line ;  wings  dusky,  inferiores 
pale,  with  a  dusky  tip  ;  feet  pale  brownish  ;  tarsi  black ;  anterior 
feet  blackish  ;  abdomen  black,  incisure  beneath  pale  ;  setae  rather 
longer  than  the  body. 

Female  resembles  the  male,  but  the  eyes  are  larger,  contiguous, 
and  brown,  with  each  a  smaller,  longitudinal,  black  one  on  the 
inferior  orbit ;  abdomen  black ;  segments  above  and  beneath  pale 
at  the  posterior  edge,  a  dorsal  obsolete  white  line,  and  on  each 
two  divergent,  abbreviated,  obsolete,  whitish  lines,  originating  at 
the  base  of  the  segment  and  terminating  near  the  middle  of  its 
length  ;  setae  longer  than  the  body. 

Length  of  the  body  of  male  seven-twentieths,  female  nine- 
twentieths  of  an  inch ;  of  the  setae  of  male  two-fifths,  female 
four-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  rather  numerous  on  the  Ohio,  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Cincinnati,  the  15th  of  May. 

Genus  MYRMELEON  Linn.,  Latr. 

M.  abdominalis. — Pale  testaceous,  varied  with  black;  abdo- 
men very  long. 

Inhabits  Arkansa. 

Head  and  thorax  pale  testaceous,  densely  spotted  and  lineated 
with  black ;  antennae  clavate,  blackish,  the  segments  tipped  with 
testaceous ;  nervures  varied  with  black  and  white ;  feet  whitish, 
spotted  with  black ;  abdomen  hairy,  very  much  elongated,  pale 
testaceous,  with  longitudinal  black  lineations,  posterior  half 
blackish. 

Length  one  and  one-half  inches ;  of  the  superior  wings  one 
inch. 

This  we  obtained  near  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The  abdomen 
of  the  female  is  not  longer  than  the  wings,  and  the  latter  have  a 
distinct  white  spot  near  the  tip  on  the  costal  margin. 

Genus  BITTACUS  Latr.  [164] 

B.  stiomaterus. — Body  yellowish;  abdomen  falcate,  wings 
with  an  opake  carpal  spot. 
Inhabits  Missouri. 


174  WESTERN   QUARTERLY    REPORTER. 

Body  pale  yellowish ;  stenimata  large,  frontal,  placed  triangular lyT 
two  superior  ones  dusky ;  front  with  a  blackish  area  between  the 
steminata ;  maxillary  palpi  blackish ;  eyes  prominent  oval ;  thorax 
between  the  origin  of  the  of  the  superior  wings,  with  two  con- 
vex, longitudinally  oval  elevations ;  wings  nearly  equal,  pale  yel- 
lowish, a  subopake  carpal  spot  near  the  tip  of  each;  abdomen 
falcate. 

Length  to  tip  of  wings  three-fourths  of  an  inch. 

Found  near  Fort  Osage  on  the  Missouri. 

Genus  SIALIS  Latr.    [PERL A  Geoffr.— Say,  MS.  correction.] 

1.  S.  dorsata. — Body  black,  varied  with  rufous  ;  labrum  pale  ; 
thorax  with  a  dorsal  rufous  vitta  and  anterior  and  posterior  rufoue 
incisures. 

Inhabits  the  Ohio  river. 

Head  blackish,  with  about  six  blacker  spots;  labrum  pale,  be- 
neath pale  yellowish ;  palpi  black ;  thorax  blackish,  with  im- 
pressed blacker  lines,  anterior  and  posterior  incisures  and  dorsal 
vitta  rufous,  angles  rather  prominent ;  a  pale  obsolete  line  from  the 
base  of  the  thorax  to  the  abdomen  ;  beneath  yellowish,  disk  of 
the  segments  black ;  trochanters  yellowish ;  wing  nerves  deep 
black ;  abdomen  black,  segments  above  with  yellow  posterior 
margins ;  venter  pale  yellow. 

Length  to  the  tip  of  the  wings  one  and  three-fourths  of  an 
inch. 

Numerous  in  May  near  Pittsburgh. 

2.  S.  immaroinata. — Body  black  varied  with  yellow,  or  yel- 
low varied  with  black ;  wings  dusky ;  nervures  brown  immar- 
ginate ;  thorax  transversely  quadrate,  posterior  angles  somewhat 
rounded,  disk  somewhat  rugose  with  impressed  irregular  lines,  an 
impressed  dorsal  line,  on  each  side  of  which  is  a  slightly  arquated 
one  ;  eyes  deep  black-brown  ;  all  beneath  yellow. 
Inhabits  the  Ohio  river. 

Length  to  the  tip  of  the  wings  more  than  an  inch ;  male  much 
smaller. 

Pupa  pale,  varied  with  black ;  abdomen  annulate  with  black  at 
thebaseof  thesegments;  all  beneath  immaculate;  thighs[165]  with 
a  black  obsolete  spot  on  the  exterior  tip ;  antennae  and  setae  pale 


WESTERN   QUARTERLY   RErORTER.  175 

rufous ;  head  with  a  black  baud  before  the  eyes  which  include 
an  undulated  white  line. 

This  species  differs  much  in  the  distribution  of  its  colors ;  it 
is  generally  entirely  yellowish  beneath,  and  sometimes  also  on  the 
tergum ;  the  thorax  also  has  sometimes  a  yellow  dorsal  line,  and 
sometimes  a  black  one.  It  appears  in  considerable  numbers  to- 
wards the  end  of  May. 

3.  S.  imbecilla.     Body  pale  green  ;  wings  white. 
Inhabits  the  Ohio  river. 

Body  pale  green,  immaculate  ;  eyes  prominent,  chestnut-brown, 
stemmata  chestnut-brown,  placed  triangular,  equidistant ;  antennas 
dusky,  hairy;  wing  greenish  white,  immaculate;  thorax  trans- 
versely oval,  sculptured. 

Length  to  the  tip  of  the  wings  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch ; 
of  the  body  about  one-fifth  of  an  inch ;  of  the  antennas  three- 
twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Occurs  in  considerable  numbers  on  the  river  Ohio,  about  the 
middle  of  May.     I  observed  it  at  Cincinnati. 

4.  S.  bilineata. — Body  pale  greenish  yellow  ;  thorax  bilineate ; 
head  with  a  black  double  converging  line ;  eyes  reddish-brown. 

Inhabits  the  Ohio  river. 

Body  pale  greenish-yellow ;  head  a  double  black  frontal  line, 
including  the  stemmata  behind,  converging  and  confluent  before, 
and  truncate  at  the  anterior  stemmata;  an  obscure  triangular 
spot  on  the  clypeus;  eyes  deep  chestnut-brown;  antennas  dusky, 
pale  at  base ;  thorax  with  two  equal,  dilated,  parallel,  blackish 
vittae;  scutel  bimaculate,  spots  blackish,  placed  transversely; 
wings  white,  nervures  blackish  ;  tergum  black. 

Length  of  the  body  and  wings,  from  two-fifths  to  one-half  of 
an  inch. 

Found  near  Cincinnati,  and  occurs  not  unfrequently  about  the 
15th  of  May.  The  obscure  spot  on  the  anterior  portion  of  the 
head  is  sometimes  wanting. 


176  long's  second  expedition. 


(From  Narrative  of  an  Expedition  to  the  source  of  St.  Peter's  river,  &c, 
under  the  command  of  Stephen  H.  Long,  Major  U.  S.  T.  E.,  Vol.  2  ; 
Philadelphia,  1824,  pp.  268—378.) 

ORDER    COLEOPTERA. 

CICINDELA  Linn.  Latr. 

C.  LONGiLABRis. — Blackish ;  elytra  spotted  and  banded  with 
white ;  labruni  long. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Head  and  thorax  slightly  tinged  with  greenish ;  antennae,  [269] 
basal  j  oints,  blue-black  ;  lab  rum  white,  nearly  as  long  as  broad,obtuse- 
ly  longitudinally  carinated,  obscurely  tridentate  at  tip,  and  a  little 
dilated  at  the  lateral  base ;  mandibles  white  on  the  exterior  edge 
near  the  base  :  palpi  dark  blue,  or  cupreous  ;  elytra  with  rather 
large,  dense  punctures ;  a  humeral  spot,  another  before  the  mid- 
dle on  the  margin,  a  reclivate,  nearly  transverse  band  on  the 
middle,  and  a  spot  at  the  posterior  curve  of  the  elytra,  white  j 
venter  black,  with  a  purplish  reflection. 

Length  less  than  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Var.  o.  The  spots  of  the  elytra  obsolete. 

This  insect  seems  to  approach  nearest  to  0.  vulgaris  nob.  (Trans. 
Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  vol.  1.  new  series,)  but  it  is  sufficiently  dis- 
tinct by  the  following  characters.  The  labrum  is  twice  as  long, 
and  the  punctures  of  the  elytra  are  more  than  double  the  size. 
The  venter  is  sometimes  dark  green. 

[Allied  to  the  European  C.  sylvatica ;  and  subsequently  des- 
cribed by  Kirby  as  C.  albilabris  (Fauna  Bor.  Am.  12 :  I  have  a 
green  variety  from  Newfoundland. — Lec.] 

2.  C.  terricola. — Black;  a  white  line  at  the  tip  of  the  elytra. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  destitute  of  metallic  lustre ;  labrum  white  ;  breadth  more 
than  twice  the  length ;  tip  three-toothed,  intermediate  tooth  conic 
acute,  the  lateral  teeth  angulated  obtuse ;  mandibles  white  on  the 
exterior  base ;  thorax  a  little  hairy ;  elytra  with  scattered  very 


LONG'S   SECOND   EXFEDITION.  177 

minute  punctures,  which  are  oblique,  as  if  formed  by  a  pointed 
instrument  directed  towards  the  anterior  part  of  the  insect,  so  that 
the  surface  before  each  puncture  is  a  little  elevated  ;  a  white  line 
margins  the  extremity  ;  venter  blackish-testaceous  ;  tibia  dull  tes- 
taceous 

Length  rather  more  than  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  0.  jpusiBa nob.  but  the  marking 
of  the  elytra  differs,  and  the  thorax  is  not  so  much  [270]  contracted 
at  base  and  is  more  closely  affixed  to  the  abdomen. 

POECILUS  Bonelli. 

P.  fraternus. — Dark  green ;  elytra  dark  greenish-cupreous: 
palpi  and  feet  piceous-black. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Antennae  fuscous  ;  three  basal  joints  yellowish,  and  carinated, 
carina  dusky ;  thorax  slightly  margined ;  dorsal  impressed  line 
extending  entirely  to  the  basal  edge;  lateral  edge  regularly  arcu- 
ated ;  basal  angles  slightly  more  than  right  angles ;  elytra  dark 
coppery,  with  a  dark  green  exterior  margin ;  striae  impunctured  ; 
interstitial  spaces  a  little  rounded;  beneath  piceous-black. 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Although  the  thorax  of  this  insect  is  not  broadly  margined,  yet 
the  margin  is  much  wider  than  that  of  the  chalcitcs  Hellwig,  (in 
Melsh.  Catal.)  and  it  may  be  distinguished  from  the  lucublandus 
Knoch,  (in  the  same  work,)  by  the  color  of  the  palpi,  &c. 

[I  consider  this  as  a  variety  of  P.  lucublandus. — Lec] 

DYTISCUS  Linn.  Latr. 

D.  fasciventris. —  9  Dark  olivaceous-brown;  thorax  and  ex- 
terior elytral  margin  margined  with  yellow. 

Inhabits  Lake  Superior. 

Head  darker  than  the  elytra,  greenish-back,  with  a  rufous  trans- 
verse frontal  spot;  antennae  rufous,  joints  dusky  at  their  tips; 
labrum  and  nasus  yellowish  ;  palpi  color  of  the  antennae  ;  thorax 
color  of  the  head,  margined  all  around  with  yellowish ;  a  longi- 
tudinal impressed  line,  and  extremely  minute  scattered  punctures  : 
scutel  [271]  yellowish;  elytra  each  with  ten  grooves  extending 
nearly  two-thirds  the  whole  length  from  near  the  base ;  exterior 
margin  yellowish,  becoming  obsolete  at  tip ;  an  obsolete  spot  towards 

12 


178  long's  second  expedition. 

the  extremity  resembling  the  commencement  of  a  branch  from  the 
color  of  the  margin ;  feet  pale  rufous  ;  postpectus  black,  yellow- 
ish each  side  behind  and  at  the  anterior  angles;  venter  black, 
with  yellow  bands,  terminating  each  side  in  triangles  of  the  same 
color. 

Length  one  and  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  most  closely  allied  to  D.  marginalis  of  Europe  ; 
the  appearance  of  the  superior  surface  of  the  body  is  altogether 
the  same,  even  to  the  form  and  appearance  of  the  frontal  spot, 
nevertheless  our  insect  is  much  smaller,  and  the  arrangement  of 
colors  beneath,  on  the  postpectus  and  venter,  is  altogether  dif- 
ferent. 

[Afterwards  described  as  D.  carolinus  Aube,  Hydr.  108. — Lec] 

LACCOPHILUS   Leach. 

L.  punctattjs. — Dusky  testaceous;  very  regularly  and  pro- 
foundly punctured. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  suboval,  short,  dull  testaceous;  head  with  two  dilated 
slightly  impressed  spaces  on  the  front ;  clypeus  obtusely  rounded 
at  tip ;  punctures  numerous,  rather  sparse  on  the  vertex  ;  thorax 
blackish  on  the  anterior  and  posterior  margins ;  punctures  sub- 
equidistant  ;  elytra  darker  than  the  head  and  thorax,  very  regularly 
and  beautifully  punctured ;  punctures  rather  larger  than  those  of 
the  thorax, subequidistant;  beneath,  excepting  the  feet,  also  punc- 
tured. 

Length  more  than  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

This  is  a  very  pretty  species,  readily  distinguished  from  others. 

[Belongs  to  Hydroporus  Clairv. — Lec] 

[272]  BUPRESTIS  Linn.  Latr. 

B.  maculativentris. — Violaceous  with  a  cupreous  reflection  ; 
anterior  thoracic  angles  with  a  spot  and  a  series  on  each  side  ot 
the  venter,  yellow. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Head  confluently  punctured  ;  a  yellow  spot  before  the  eye. 
almost  confluent  with  another  beneath  the  eye ;  thorax  with  a 
very    distinct    margining    spot    at    the    anterior   angles  ;    punc- 


long's  second  expedition.  179 

tured,  but  with  a  glabrous  dorsal  line  and  one  or  two  lateral 
glabrous  spots ;  elytra  violaceous,  with  cupreous  reflections ;  base 
violaceous,  punctured-striate ;  tip  with  a  small  tooth  at  the  sutu- 
ral  angle,  and  about  four  very  minute  teeth ;  beneath  cupreous, 
polished ;  venter  with  a  series  of  three  yellow  quadrate  spots  on 
each  side,  and  a  large  oblique  oval  one  on  the  anal  segment 
approaching  at  the  middle  of  the  segment  and  extending  by  a 
branch  for  a  short  distance  on  the  edge. 

Length  thirteen-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  is  a  very  pretty  insect,  readily  distinguished  by  the  sub- 
ocular,  thoracic,  and  ventral  spots. 

[A  species  of  Ancylochira,  afterwards  described  as  B.  sexnotata 
Lap.  and  Gory,  Mon.  Buprest.  2,  129,  tab.  32,  fig.  178.— Lec] 

SCYDM^NUS  Latr. 

S.  CLAVIPES. — Blackish  ;  elytra  bright  rufous,  blackish  at  tip; 
antennae  longer  than  the  thorax. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Body  hairy ;  head  piceous;  antennae  rather  longer  than  the  thorax 
and  with  the  palpi,  dull  rufous;  thorax  blackish  with  an  impres- 
sed transverse  line  at  base  and  the  appearance  of  a  longitudinal 
one  before ;  hairs  numerous ;  elytra  smooth,  polished,  impunctured , 
and  without  striae ;  bright  rufous ;  hairs  long ;  humeral  angles 
longitudinally  elevated  ;  [273]  a  slight  groove  at  the  base  of  each 
elytrum,  tip  black ;  feet  rufous ;  thighs  clavate  ;  venter  dull 
rufous. 

Length  more  than  one-twentieth  of  an  inch. 

S.  brevicornis. — Blackish ;  elytra  bright  rufous,  blackish  at 
tip  ;  antennae  shorter  than  the  thorax. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Body  hairy ;  head  black  ;  antennae  rather  shorter  than  the  tho- 
rax, hairy,  dull  rufous ;  thorax  polished,  black ;  elytra  smooth, 
polished,  impunctured,  and  without  striae,  bright  rufous;  hairs 
long ;  humeral  angles  longitudinally  elevated ;  a  slight  groove  at 
the  base  of  each  elytnxm,  tip  black ;  feet  rufous ;  thighs  clavate, 
dusky  at  tip. 

Length  rather  more  than  one-twentieth  of  an  inch. 

Strongly  resembles  the  preceding,  but  the  antennae  are  much 


180  long's  second  expedition. 

shorter  and  more  robust,  the  thorax  is  destitute  of  real  or  appar- 
ent impressed  lines,  and  tbe  clavse  of  tbe  thighs  are  more  di- 
lated. 

DORCATOMA  Herbst. 

D.  oculata. — Rounded-oval,  blackish-brown,  a  little  hairy; 
antennae  yellowish-piceous. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Head  very  obscure  piceous ;  a  few  short  hairs ;  antennae  yel- 
lowish-piceous, first  joint  large,  arcuated;  second  joint  much 
smaller,  rounded  ;  third,  fourth,  fifth,  still  smaller  and  not  very 
distinctly  articulated  ;  sixth  transverse,  very  short ;  seventh  much 
enlarged,  on  the  inner  side  extending  into  a  conic  process,  which 
is  nearly  as  long  as  the  preceding  part  of  the  antennae,  and  when 
at  rest  is  applied  closely  to  the  inner  side  of  the  eighth  joint  and 
extends  quite  to  its  tip;  eighth  joint  elongate-obtriangular;  ninth 
joint  as  long  as  the  preceding  joint,  a  little  arcuated;  eyes  with 
an  indented,  [274]  somewhat  dilated  line,  extending  from  near  the 
base  of  the  antennae  to  the  middle  ;  thorax  punctured,  with  short 
hairs,  and  slightly  tinged  with  piceous ;  anterior  angles  very  much 
decurved  and  acute ;  posterior  angles  hardly  acute ;  posterior  mar- 
gin lobed  at  the  scutel ;  scutel  small,  rounded  ;  elytra  punctured 
and  with  short  hair ;  exterior  submargin  with  three  impressed 
striae ;  beneath  punctured,  hairy ;  feet  dull  piceous. 

Length  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

The  form  of  the  penultimate  joint  of  the  antennae  differs  con- 
siderably from  that  of  the  dresdensis  in  being  much  less  dilated 
on  the  inner  side,  the  seventh  joint  has  the  inner  process  more 
slender  and  the  terminal  joint  is  a  little  arcuated. 

NOSODENDRON  Latr. 

N.  unicolor. — Black,  immaculate,  antennae  piceous,  clavum 
yellowish. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Head  with  dense,  dilated,  shallow  punctures ;  thorax  short, 
length  less  than  half  the  breadth ;  punctures  less  dense  than  those 
of  the  head ;  posterior  edge  regularly  arcuated ;  lateral  edge  hard- 
ly arcuated,  nearly  rectilinear ;  angles  acute ;  elytra  irregularly 
punctured ;  humerus  a  little  elevated ;  humeral  angles  subacute ; 


long's  second  expedition.  181 

beneath  and  feet  punctured  ;  anterior  tibia  widely  and  deeply 
emargiuated  on  the  exterior  edge  near  the  tip  and  serrated ;  inter- 
mediate tibia  with  four  or  five  serratures  on  the  outer  edge,  and 
a  prominent  tooth  near  the  tip ;  posterior  teeth  with  about  five 
small  subspinous  teeth,  and  a  robust  tooth  near  the  tip. 
Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

[275]  ELMIS  Latr. 

E.  crenatus. — Thorax  with  four  elevated  lines;  each  ely- 
truni  with  two  dull  rufous  spots. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Parnus  crenatus?  Knoch  in  Melsh.  Catal. 

Body  blackish-brown ;  front  with  two  dilated,  cinereous,  lon- 
gitudinal lines  :  antennae  and  mandibles  rufous ;  thorax  with  four 
obtuse,  elevated,  longitudinal  lines ;  two  intermediate  ones  nearly 
confluent  at  each  end ;  lateral  ones  more  distant,  slightly  inter- 
rupted behind  the  middle ;  elytra  with  striae  of  dilated  impressed 
punctures ;  an  elevated  line  from  the  humerus  terminates  rather 
before  the  tip ;  another  elevated  line  nearer  the  margin  also  origin- 
ates at  the  humerus  and  becomes  obsolete  before  the  middle ;  a 
third  elevated  line  originates  at  the  middle  of  the  base  and  also 
becomes  obsolete  before  the  middle  of  the  elytrum ;  an  oblong 
rufous  spot  on  the  humerus  and  another  near  the  tip ;  tarsi  dull 
rufous. 

Length  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

[Belongs  to  Stenelmis  Dufour. — Lec] 

PARNUS  Fabr. 
Dryops  Oliv.  Latr. 

P.  fastigiatus.  —  Blackish-brown,  with  very  short  dense 
hair ;  elytra  with  striae  of  rather  large  punctures. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

P.  fastigiatus  Knoch  in  Melsh.  Catal. 

Antennas  fuscous,  terminal  joints  yellow ;  palpi  dull  yellow- 
testaceous  ;  thorax  highest  rather  behind  the  middle,  and  with 
an  obsolete  indentation  each  side  behind  ;  anterior  angles  promin- 
ent, acute ;  posterior  angles  obtuse :  scutel  quadrate,  acute  behind 
elytra  with  short  hairs  over  [276]  the  whole  surface,  and  three 
series  of  fasciculated,  more  ferruginous  hairs   on    the   sutural 


182  long's  second  expedition. 

half;  on  this  half  the  punctures  are  larger  and  the  striae  more 
deeply  impressed  than  on  the  exterior  half  where  the  surface 
has  a  minutely  granulated  appearance  ;  tip  acute ;  feet  blackish- 
piceous ;  tarsi  piceous ;  anterior  tibia  with  a  line  of  dense  yellow- 
ish hairs  before. 

Length  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

[Belongs  to  Heliclms  Er. — Lec] 

HYDBOPHILUS  Fabr. 

1.  H.  cinctus. — Black,  surrounded  with  a  yellowish  margin. 
Inhabits  United  States. 

H.  cinctus  Knoch,  in  Melsh.  Catal. 

Body  black,  polished,  with  numerous,  minute,  regular  punc- 
tures ;  head  with  a  large,  triangular,  yellowish  spot  before  the 
eye  ;  palpi  yellowish  ;  antennae  fuscous ;  thorax  margined  with 
yellowish ;  this  color  is  sometimes  obsolete  on  the  anterior  mar- 
gin, and  generally  obsolete  on  the  posterior  margin ;  elytra  with- 
out any  appearance  of  striae ;  the  exterior  margin,  from  the  hu- 
merus to  the  suture,  yellowish ;  beneath  blackish-piceous ;  tarsi 
dull  yellowish. 

Length  more  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

We  obtained  specimens  on  Bed  Biver  of  Lake  Winnepeek ;  it 
is  also  found  in  Pennsylvania. 

[Belongs  to  PMJhydrus  Sol. — Lec] 

2.  H.  globosus. — Very  convex,  oval;  elytra  with  striae  of 
punctures. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

H.  globosus  Knoch  in  Melsh.  Catal. 

Body  very  convex,  black,  immaculate,  punctured ;  head  with 
very  regular  minute  punctures,  and  three  or  four  somewhat 
larger  ones  before  the  eye;  palpi  yellowish  ;  [277]  antennae  yellow- 
ish, clava  fuscous  ;  thorax  with  minute  punctures  but  slightly  im- 
pressed ;  angles  rounded ;  scutel  with  obsolete  punctures  ;  elytra 
with  minute,  numerous  punctures,  which  are  very  slightly  im- 
pressed, obsolete ;  with  nine  regular  striae  of  distinct  larger 
punctures,  and  an  irregular  series  on  each  interstitial  space ;  be- 
neath piceous-black ;  tarsi  color  of  the  palpi. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 


LONU'S   SECOND    EXPEDITION.  183 

This  species  is  oval,  not  elongated,  and  is  more  convex  than 
any  other  species  of  this  country  yet  discovered. 

[This  is  a  species  of  Hydrobius  Leach. — Lec] 

3.  H.  nebulosus. — Pale  whitish-testaceous;  a  subsutural  line 
on  the  elytra  obsolete  before  the  middle. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

//.  ncbulosus  Melsh. 


r    Melsh.  Catal. 
II.  lab  tat  us  Knoch. 


! 


Body  very  finely  but  irregularly  punctured  ;  punctures  some- 
times obsolete ;  head  black  or  varied  with  black  ;  thorax,  angles 
rounded ;  elytra  with  a  subsutural  impressed  line  which  disap- 
pears before  the  middle,  and  is  more  deeply  impressed  behind  ; 
beneath,  excepting  the  feet,  blackish. 

Length  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

I  obtained  a  specimen  in  the  Lake  of  the  Woods. 

[Belongs  to  Philhydrus. — Lec] 

APHODIUS  Illig.  Fabr. 

1.  A.  hamatus. — Thorax  impunctured  on  the  disk;  claw  of 
the  anterior  tibia  dilated,  incurved. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  dark  piceous ;  clypeus  minutely  punctured ;  margin  re- 
flected, particularly  at  tip ;  tip  truncated,  subemarginate  ;  thorax 
punctured  each  side  and  at  base ;  large,  equalling  at  least  two- 
thirds  the  length  of  the  elytra;  elytra  [278]  paler  than  the  head  and 
thorax;  striate;  striae  punctured;  feet  rufous;  the  claw  at  the  tip 
of  the  anterior  tibia  is  dilated  and  curved  inwards  like  a  hook. 

Length  less  than  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

An  insect  remarkable  for  its  short  robust  stature  and  the  pro- 
portional length  of  its  thorax,  as  well  as  for  the  dilatation  and 
and  crooked  form  of  the  appendages  at  the  extremity  of  the  tibia. 

2.  A.  clypeatus.  Black  ;  elytra  testaceous;  clypeus,  covered 
with  small  tubercles. 

Inhabits  North-West  Territory. 

Head  black,  convex,  covered  with  very  small  obtuse  tuber- 
cles ;  edge  a  little  elevated,  piceous ;  tip  hardly  truncated  ;  tho- 
rax with  irregular  small  obtuse  rugae  ;  anterior  angles  rectangular; 
posterior  edge  regularly  arcuated,  not  dilated  in  the  middle ; 
elytra  rufo-testaceous, dusky  at  base;  with  deep,  punctured  strioe: 


184  long's  second  expedition. 

interstitial  lines   convex;  thighs   dull-yellowish;    posterior  ones 
much  dilated. 

Length  more  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Readily  distinguished  by  the  rough  appearance  of  the  clypeus. 

[Probably  an  Aegialia. — Lec.] 

TKOX  Fabr. 

T.  canaliculatus. — Thorax  with  entire  groove;  clypeal  edge 
not  reflected ;  elytra  with  alternate  series  of  large  and  small  ele- 
vated bristly  dots. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  blackish-brown ;  head  with  numerous  irregular  discoidal 
punctures ;  clypeus  obtusely  rounded  at  tip ;  the  edge  not  re- 
flected; surface  flat,  excepting  two  little  elevated  protuberances  on 
the  upper  part  of  the  front;  antennae  yellow;  thorax  with  a  strongly 
impressed  obvious  [279]  definite  groove,  the  bounding  lines  of 
which  are  uninterrupted,  and  are  equally  elevated  in  every  part; 
an  obtuse  slightly  elevated  line  passes  across  the  groove  near  its 
middle ;  between  the  elevated  line  of  the  groove  and  the  lateral 
edge  is  a  slightly  elevated  very  obtuse  space ;  basal  edge  sinuated, 
over  the  scutel  obtusely  rounded ;  basal  angles  extended  a  little 
backwards  and  rounded  at  tip ;  elytra  with  four  elevated  lines 
on  which  are  oval  fascicles  of  yellowish  short  bristles;  interstitial 
spaces  each  with  a  series  of  small  rounded  points,  also  furnished 
with  bristles. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

It  is  about  equal  in  size  to  the  T.  cajyfflaris  nobis,  but  is  alto- 
gether destitute  of  the  fine  capillary  lines  which  ornament  the ' 
elytra  of  that  insect. 

TENEBMO  Linn.  Latr. 

T.  reticulatus. — Black ;  elytra  rugose  with  impressed  spots 
which  have  elevated  centres. 

Inhabits  St.  Peter's  river. 

Body  deep  black ;  head  with  numerous  small  and  regular 
punctures,  more  dense  before  and  on  the  labrum ;  antennae,  third 
joint  but  little  longer  than  the  fourth;  thorax  with  numerous 
regular  punctures ;  narrow,  a  little  contracted  before  and  very 
slightly  contracted  behind ;  lateral  edge  longitudinally  a  little  ar- 


long's  second  expedition.  185 

cuated,  and  vertically  rounded,  with  a  slightly  impressed  line 
bordered  by  a  slightly  elevated  one,  both  so  small  as  not  to  be 
visible  to  the  eye  :  elytra  irregularly  reticulated  with  elevated 
lines ;  the  intervening  spaces  with  slightly  elevated  centres ; 
thighs  clavate ;  anterior  and  intermediate  tibiae  a  little  curved ; 
tarsi  beneath,  and  inferior  portion  of  the  tip  of  the  tibia  with  yel- 
lowish hair.  [280] 

Length  nearly  seven-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  very  distinct  from  any  other  that  I  have  seen 
and  very  readily  recognized. 

[Identical  with  the  European  Upis  reticulata  ;  and  very  abun- 
dant throughout  Canada,  in  Maine  and  at  Lake  Superior. — Lec] 

PHALERIA  Latr. 

1.  P.  testacea. — Pale  testaceous,  beneath  black  ;  thorax  im- 
punctured ;  elytra  striate,  and  with  a  blackish  spot  on  each  near 
the  tip. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  oblong-oval,  polished;  head  hardly  perceptibly  pune- 
tered ;  a  transverse  indented  line  before  the  eyes ;  antennae  sen- 
sibly dilated  towards  the  tip;  joints,  from  the  sixth  to  the  tenth 
inclusive,  transverse,  hemispheric-compressed,  perfoliate ;  eleventh 
nearly  globose ;  thorax  transverse-quadrate,  impunctured,  rather 
wider  behind ;  an  impressed  puncture  each  side  on  the  basal 
margin,  anterior  angles  rounded  ;  scutel  blackish ;  elytra  striated, 
strife  slightly  punctured,  more  deeply  impressed  behind,  abbre- 
viated at  the  humeral  angle ;  a  blackish-brown  spot  on  each  near 
the  tip ;  tergum  blackish ;  beneath  black ;  feet  pale  testaceous  ; 
anterior  tibia  serrate  with  short  spines,  tip  rather  abruptly  di- 
lated, forming  almost  a  lobe  on  the  exterior  side;  intermediate 
and  posterior  pairs  spinulose-serrated,  gradually  dilating  towards 
the  tip. 

Length  more  than  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

This  insect  is  not  uncommon.  It  occurs  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
under  dead  marine  animals  on  the  sea-beach,  from  New  Jersey  to 
Florida. 

2.  P.  picipes. — Black ;  antennae,  mouth  and  feet  piceous. 
Inhabits  the  Southern  States. 

Head  destitute  of  an  impressed  line  before  the  eyes  ;  antenna' 


186  LONG'8  second  expedition. 

and  thorax  formed  as  in  the  preceding  species  [281]  excepting  that 
the  anterior  angles  of  the  thorax  are  subacute ;  stria?  of  the  elytra 
as  in  the  preceding ;  feet  as  in  the  preceding,  excepting  that  the 
anterior  tibiae  are  gradually  very  much  dilated  at  tip,  and  not 
somewhat  abruptly  dilated  near  the  tip,  the  line  of  the  exterior 
adge  is  therefore  nearly  rectilinear. 

Length  from  one-fifth  to  less  than  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.  thorax  dull  piceous. 

Var.  0.  entirely  piceous. 

EPLTRAGUS  Latr. 

E.  canaliculatus. — Thorax  with  two  lines  and  lateral  edge 
elevated. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

$  ■  Body  blackish-brown,  more  or  less  bronzed,  with  very 
numerous  short  cinereous  hairs ;  thorax  broader  behind,  some- 
what lobed  at  the  scutel ;  angles  produced,  very  acute ;  lateral 
edge  rectilinear,  elevated;  anterior  edge  abruptly  undulated; 
disk  with  two  elevated  lines  which  become  obsolete  behind  and 
originate  each  in  a  flattened  and  porrect  tubercle  on  the  anterior 
edge ;  elytra  with  dilated,  slightly  impressed  grooves. 

Length  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.  grooves  of  the  elytra  obsolete. 

The  female  is  very  different  in  appearance  from  the  male,  by 
being  entirely  destitute  of  the  elevated  lines  and  edges  of  the 
thorax,  and  of  the  undulated  form  of  the  anterior  edge  of  the 
thorax.  The  elevated  lines  and  lateral  edge  give  the  thorax  the 
appearance  of  having  three  dilated  grooves.  This  insect  is  found 
in  Pennsylvania,  but  is  more  frequent  in  the  Southern  States ;  I 
also  obtained  specimens  in  Missouri. 

[282]  EUSTROPHUS  Latr. 

E.  bifasciatus. — Dark  reddish-brown,  sericeous;  elytra  black 
bifasciate  with  rufous. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Palpi  terminating  with  a  large  obconic  joint,  truncated  ;  tho- 
rax sometimes  blackish,  nearly  semicircular,  somewhat  truncated 
before ;  posterior  angles  rather  less  than  a  right  angle  ;  scutel 
transverse,  very  obtusely  rounded  behind;   elytra  with   a  rufous 


long's  second  expedition.  187 

waved  band  near  the  base,  extending  to  the  base  at  the  outer 
margin,  and  widely  interrupted  at  the  suture  ;  another  rufous 
band  behind  the  middle,  slightly  undulated,  and  hardly  inter- 
rupted by  the  suture;  sutural  edge  a  little  elevated  behind;  venter 
very  distinctly  sericeous  with  yellowish  hair. 

Length  more  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

I  obtained  a  specimen  many  years  ago  near  Philadelphia,  and 
we  lately  captured  another  in  the  North-Western  Territory. 

DIRCEA  Fabr. 

D.  tibialis. — Black,  with  short  hair ;  base  of  the  antennae 
and  tibia  yellowish. 

Inhabits  North-West  Territory. 

Body  oval-orbicular,  with  very  short  hair,  and  irregularly  and 
very  minutely  punctured ;  antennas,  three  basal  joints  obscurely 
pale  rufous ;  clypeus  a  little  dilated  before  the  antennae  and  trun- 
cated ;  palpi  dusky  rufous ;  terminal  joint  rather  abruptly  conic- 
acute  ;  thorax  convex,  short,  wide ;  lateral  edge  arcuated  ;  angles 
rounded  ;  scutel  rather  large,  triangular  ;  elytra  destitute  of  striae  ; 
tip  narrowed  [283]  and  rounded ;  tibia  pale  rufous ;  posterior 
thighs  much  dilated,  formed  for  leaping. 

Length  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

[This  appears  to  be  Scirtes  tibialis  Guerin,  Spec.  Icon.  An. 
Art,  3.— Lec] 

SEBBOPALPUS  Oliv. 

S.  4-maculatus. — Blackish-brown,  sericeous;  elytra  with  two 
yellow  spots. 

Inhabits  Arkansa  and  Missouri. 

Antennae  and  labrum  dull  testaceous;  thorax,  anterior  margin 
obsoletely  dull  testaceous ;  scutel  minute  ;  elytra  narrower  behind ; 
a  large,  very  irregular  yellow  spot  before  the  middle  and  another 
behind  the  middle  of  each;  pectus  and  postpectus  distinctly 
punctured ;  anterior  tarsi  dilated  and  covered  beneath  by  very 
dense,  short,  yellow  hair ;  remaining  tarsi  slender ;  venter  dark 
red-brown,  paler  at  tip. 

Length  nearly  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  appears  to  be  of  rare  occurrence. 

[Belongs  to  Dircsea — Lec] 


188  long's  second  expedition. 


HELOPS  Fabr.  Latr. 

1.  H.  arctatus. — Dark  brassy,  irregularly  punctured ;  elytra 
with  dilated  indentations. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  long,  cylindrical,  a  little  depressed;  punctures  dilated, 
rather  large,  profound,  approximate,  irregularly  disposed ;  antennae 
piceous,  less  than  half  the  length  of  the  body,  terminal  joint  ob- 
long-oval; palpi  dark  piceous,  long  labrum,  breadth  equal  to 
twice  the  length ;  a  small  impressed  spot  between  the  eyes ; 
thorax  depressed ;  widest  hardly  before  the  middle,  from  which 
part  the  edge  is  rectilinear  to  the  posterior  angles,  and  very 
nearly  rectilinear  to  the  [284]  anterior  angles,  which  are  obtusely 
rounded ;  posterior  angles  a  little  angulated  ;  scutel  rounded  be- 
hind, with  short,  cinereous,  prostrate  hairs ;  elytra  not  dilated 
behind ;  punctures  larger  than  those  of  the  thorax,  often  con- 
fluent ;  a  slightly  prominent  line  between  the  middle  and  su- 
ture, a  depressed  one  between  the  middle  and  lateral  margin ; 
several  slightly  elevated  lines  near  the  tip;  disk  with  two 
series  of  two  or  three  much  dilated  alternate  indented  spaces ;  tip 
rounded  ;  beneath  blackish  with  small  punctures  ;  feet  blackish- 
piceous. 

Length  half  an  inch. 

This  insect  occurred  on  the  shore  of  St.  Peter's  river,  and  on 
that  of  Red  river  of  Lake  Winnepeek.  The  larger  indentations 
of  the  elytra  have  a  fortuitous  appearance. 

[A  Stenotrachelus  identical  with  the  Russian  American  S.  ob- 
scurus  Mann.  Bull.  Mosc.  1852,  347. — Lec] 

2.  H.  venustus. — Dark  brassy,  punctured;  posterior  angles 
of  the  thorax  slightly  excurved  ;  elytra  iridescent. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Body  densely  punctured ;  antennae  and  palpi  blackish-piceous  ; 
thorax,  posterior  angles  acute,  the  lateral  edge  near  them  being 
a  little  curved  outwards ;  elytra  with  brilliant  coppery  and  green 
vittae  changing  place  with  the  direction  of  light;  striae  profound, 
and  with  the  convex  interstitial  spaces  impunctured  ;  beneath 
cupreous,  brilliant. 

Length  more  than  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  closely  resembles  the  micans,  Fabr.  which  has 


long's  second  expedition.  189 

been  described  under  different  names  by  several  authors ;  it  has 
the  same  beautiful  variable  color  upon  the  elytra,  which  induced 
Olivier  to  call  that  insect  vittatas,  and  Beauvois  to  give  the  name 
of  tseniatus,  but  it  is  a  small  species,  the  lateral  edge  of  the 
thorax  is  a  little  curved  outwards  near  the  posterior  angles, 
whilst  that  of  micans  is  rectilinear  in  the  same  part,  and  the 
interstitial  [285]  lines  of  the  elytra  are  convex,  whilst  those  of 
m  icans  are  nearly  flat. 

CISTELA  Fabr.  Latr. 

1.  C  binotata. — Blackish,  sericeous;  elytra  with  a  humeral 
rufous  spot. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  black,  polished;  in  a  particular  light  sericeous  both 
above  and  beneath  with  small  hairs,  which  do  not,  however,  at 
all  conceal  the  punctures  ;  head  punctured ;  palpi  and  three  basal 
joints  of  the  antenna  rufous-yellow ;  thorax  with  equal  large 
dense  punctures ;  very  slightly  contracted  behind,  rounded  be- 
fore ;  posterior  angles  not  prominent ;  an  abbreviated  longitudinal 
impressed  line  at  base,  on  each  side  of  which  is  an  obsolete 
dilated  impressed  lunate  space;  elytra  densely  punctured,  and 
with  punctured  striae;  humeral  gibbosity  rufous  ;  feet  dull  rufous, 
sericeous. 

Length  nearly  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

[Belongs  to  Mycetochares  Latr. — Lec] 

2.  C.  sericea. — Pale  testaceous,  sericeous ;  striae  of  the  elytra 
obsolete. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

C.  sericea  Knoch  in  Melsh.  Catal. 

Head  minutely  punctured,  transverse  impressed  line  before  the 
antennae  very  obvious ;  thorax  semioval,  a  little  truncate  before 
and  not  undulated  behind ;  posterior  angles  rectangular ;  elytra 
hardly  perceptibly  darker  towards  the  tip,  rather  lighter  at  base  ; 
striae  obsolete,  excepting  two  next  the  suture  which  are  distinct ; 
wings  a  little  dusky,  particularly  towards  the  tip ;  feet  somewhat 
paler  than  the  body. 

Length  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 
[286]     A  very  common  species,  particularly  in  July  on  the  Ceano- 
thus  Americanus  and  other  flowers. 


190  long's  second  expedition. 


MELANDRYA  Fabr.  Latr. 


1.  M.  striata. — Black;  thorax  with  three  grooves  ;  front 
with  an  impressed  dot;  elytra  striate  and  punctured. 

Inhabits  the  middle  and  northern  States. 

Scrropalpus  canaliculatus  Melsh.  Catal. 

Head  with  numerous  minute  punctures ;  a  distinct  rather 
longitudinally  oval  impressed  spot  between  the  superior  part  of 
the  eyes;  palpi  at  tip  of  the  terminal  joint,  and  one  or  two  ter- 
minal joints  of  the  antennae  dull  rufous;  thorax  gradually  dilating 
to  the  base,  from  the  width  of  the  head  to  that  of  the  elytra ; 
surface  minutely  punctured  with  small  sparse  hairs  ;  three  dilated 
longitudinal  grooves,  or  undulations,  obsolete  before  ;  lateral  edge 
almost  rectilinear  to  near  the  posterior  angles,  where  it  is  a  little 
incurved,  it  is  vertically  rounded  before  the  middle,  and  acute 
behind  the  middle  ;  posterior  angles  nearly  right  angled  ;  scutel 
suborbicular,  convex,  punctured;  elytra,  striae  dilated,  with 
numerous  punctures,  those  of  the  base  being  more  distinct  as 
the  striae  are  not  so  profound  in  that  part. 

Length  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

A  specimen  of  this  interesting  insect  occurred  in  the  North- 
west Territory.  My  friend,  the  Rev.  John  F.  Melsheimer,  with 
whom  I  corresponded  on  the  subject  of  this  species,  agrees  with 
me  perfectly  in  the  propriety  of  placing  it  in  this  genus,  and  in 
its  being  altogether  different  from  the  S.  canaliculatus  Xllig. 
Mclaudrya  canaliculata  Fabr.  This  conclusion  indeed  is  irre- 
sistible, when  we  compare  our  insect  with  the  description  of  that 
of  Europe,  and  [287]  with  the  figures  given  by  Olivier,  Panzer, 
Latreille  and  others. 

2.  M.  labiata. — Black ;  labrum  rufous ;  elytra  destitute  of 
striae. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Head  with  minute  punctures  ;  no  impressed  frontal  spot,  la- 
brum distinctly  rufous;  antennae,  terminal  joint  at  tip,  tip  of  the 
palpi  and  of  the  tarsi,  rufous  ;  thorax  with  the  lateral  edge  regu- 
larly arquated ;  a  deep  slightly  arquated  groove  on  each  side 
almost  divided  transversely  into  two  impressed  dots  by  an  obtuse 
elevated  line ;  a  central  nearly  obsolete  impressed   line  ;  scutel 


long's  second  expedition.  191 

rounded,  convex,  punctured;  elytra  densely  punctured;  punc- 
tures small ;  striae  none ;  three  or  four  obsolete  raised  lines. 

Length  rather  more  than  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

A  smaller  species  than  the  preceding  and  more  rare ;  it  differs 
also  in  the  color  of  the  labrum,  the  more  rounded  form  of  the 
thorax,  and  in  the  elytra  being  destitute  of  striae.  It  may  b< 
sometimes  found  on  plants  in  June. 

LAGRIA  Fabr.  Lam. 

L.  aenea. — Green  ;  thorax  oblong  ;  elytra  punctured ;  antenna) 
and  palpi  yellowish. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

L.   aenea  Melsh.  Catal. 

Body  green,  sometimes  tinged  with  brassy;  head  irregularly 
punctured ;  with  a  few  scattered  hairs,  which  are  more  numerous 
on  the  labrum  ;  a  transverse  groove  between  the  antennas,  formed 
by  the  incisure  of  the  nasus  ;  antennae  yellowish  rufous,  terminal 
joint  longer  than  the  three  preceding  ones  together ;  palpi  yel- 
lowish ;  thorax  cylindrical,  rather  larger  than  broad,  punctured, 
sometimes  with  transverse  abbreviated  wrinkles ;  posterior  angles 
[288]  slightly  excurved ;  elytra  nearly  rectilinear,  not  dilated  at 
the  posterior  curvature ;  punctures  dense,  profound,  rather  la  • 
beneath  blackish-green  ;  tarsi  dark  testaceous. 

Length  from  two-fifths  to  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  is  not  the  Lagria  aenea  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  Suppl.  as  the 
late  Mr.  F.  V.  Melsheimer  supposed  it  to  be,  for  independently 
of  the  different  specific  characters  in  the  description  of  that  in- 
sect, it  has  since  been  referred  by  that  author  to  the  genus 
Dasytes,  and  must  therefore  be  a  Pentamerous  insect.  The  cir- 
cumstance of  that  species  being  removed  from  the  genus  Lagria 
enables  me  to  retain  the  specific  name  given  by  Mr.  Melsheimer. 
We  obtained  a  specimen  on  Red  river. 

[Belongs  to  Statyra  Latr.,  subsequently  described  as  Arthro- 
macra  donacioides  Kirby,  Faun.  Bor.  Am.  239. — Lec] 

LYTTA  Fabr. 

L.  aenea  nob.  varies  in  being  green,  with  black  tarsi.  The 
antennae  of  this  species  resemble  very  much  those  of  the  genus 
Mylabris. 


. 


192  long's  second  expedition. 


COCCINELLA. 


C.  labiculata  nob. — This  species  varies  considerably  in  color, 
but  not,  as  I  believe,  in  the  number  or  arrangement  of  its  spots. 

Var.  a..  Spots  of  the  elytra  ocellate,  being  surrounded  by  a 
yellowish  areola. 

Var.  P.  Elytra  yellowish-white,  with  the  black  spots  as  in  the 
species. 

[This  is  the  same  as  the  European  Myzia  \b-punctata ;  it  is 
also  described  by  Say,  as  C.  mali,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  4,  93. 
— Lec] 

RHYNCHITES  Herbst.  Latr. 

R.  rubricollis. — Blued-black;  thorax  and  feet  rufous;  elytra 
striate  hairy. 

Inhabits  United  States.  [289] 

JR.  rubricollis  Melsh.  Catal. 

Body  slender ;  head  hairy,  black,  with  irregular  punctures 
larger  on  the  rostrum ;  antennae  and  labrum  dark  piceous ;  thorax 
rufous,  hairy,  with  dilated  irregular  punctures,  and  a  longitudi- 
nal impressed  dilated  line,  which  neither  reaches  the  anterior  nor 
posterior  margins ;  scutel  black,  rounded ;  elytra  with  regular 
striae  of  punctures  furnishing  upright  hairs ;  interstitial  lines 
with  each  a  series  of  upright  hairs ;  pectus  rufous ;  postpectus 
and  venter  blackish ;  feet  rufous,  pale. 

Length  more  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  insect  occurs  occasionally  in  Pennsylvania ;  we  also  found 
a  specimen  on  Red  river  of  Lake  Winnepeek. 

[This  is  Euijnamptus  angustatus  Schonh.  (Herbst,) — Lec] 

CERAMBYX. 

C  scutellatus. — Brassy-black,  punctured  ;  scutel  pure  white. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  brassy-black  ;  punctures  numerous,  confluent,  impressed? 
with  minute  hairs ;  head  with  a  deeply  impressed  line  between 
the  antennae,  extending  to  the  origin  of  the  thorax ;  front  with 
minute  punctures;  labrum  piceous;  mandibles  dark  piceous  at 
base ;  antennae  longer  than  the  body,  dark  reddish-piceous,  paler 
at  base  ;  thorax  with  a  very  robust  short  spine  on  each  side;  pos- 


long's  second  expedition.  193 

tcrior  margin  with  an  impressed  transverse  line ;  anterior  mar- 
gin with  the  punctures  so  transversely  elongated  and  confluent 
as  to  appear  wrinkled;  feet  blackish-piceous,  paler  at  base;  scutel 
covered  with  dense  prostrate  pure  white  hair ;  elytra  with  the 
impressed  punctures  larger  at  base,  transversely  confluent ;  hu- 
merus rather  prominent,  obtuse ;  on  different  parts  of  the  elytra 
is  dense,  dirty  brown,  very  [290]  short,  prostrate  hair,  tip  un- 
armed ;  beneath  blackish  with  a  purplish  or  slight  cupreous 
tinge  j  a  little  hairy,  particularly  on  the  postpectus. 

Length  nine-tenths  of  an  inch. 

[Is  a  species  of  3Ionoliammus. — Lec] 

SAPERDA  Fabr. 

S.  vestita.  Body  entirely  covered  with  very  short  greenish- 
yellow  hair  ;  elytra  with  three  small  dots. 

Inhabits  near  the  southern  extremity  of  Lake  Michigan. 

Antennae  about  the  length  of  the  body  ;  eyes  dark  chestnut ; 
thorax  with  an  obsolete  dorsal  line ;  elytra  unarmed  at  tip ;  dots 
black,  small,  three  on  each  elytrum,  placed  one  before  and  near 
the  middle,  largest  one  a  little  nearer  the  base  and  more  distant 
from  the  suture  than  the  other,  and  one  behind  the  middle,  dis- 
tant from  the  preceding  in  a  line  with  the  anterior  one. 

Length  three-fourths  of  an  inch. 

A  very  fine  insect.  It  is  also  sometimes  found  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

CLYTUS  Fabr.  [292] 

1.  C.  spectosus.     [Ante,  p.  118.] 

2.  C.  undulatus.     [Ante,  p.  119.] 

MOLORCHUS  Fabr. 

M.  marginalis.     Yellowish ;  elytra  dusky  on  the  disk  ;  an- 
ennse  shorter  than  the  elytra. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  with  numerous  minute  hairs ;  head  yellow  ;  vertex,  palpi 
blackish ;  antennas   short,  hardly  reaching  the  tip  of  the  elytra 
and  excepting  the  three  basal  joints,  blackish  ;  eyes  prominent, 
black-brown  ;  thorax  short,  transversely  oval,  yellow  with  a  dusky 
disk ;  elytra   much   abbreviated,    rounded   at    tip,  yellow ;  disk 

13 


194:  long's  second  expedition. 

dusky,  reaching  to  the  base;  the  margin  at  tip  is  broad  so  as  to 
resemble  a  yellow  spot  on  each  elytrum ;  edge,  like  that  of  the 
thorax,  a  little  elevated,  particularly  at  tip ;  abdomen  long,  yel- 
low; segments  more  or  less  tinged  with  rufous  at  base;  tail 
dusky  or  black;  feet  more  or  less  dusky,  with  yellow  incisures, 
sometimes  nearly  all  yellow ;  venter  somewhat  sericeous. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  not  uncommon  in  Pennsylvania,  and  it  is  also 
an  inhabitant  of  the  North-west  Territory. 

[Not  a  Cerambycide,  but  a  Telephoride,  allied  to  Mai  thin  us,  and 
forming  the  genus  Trypherus  Lec.,=  Lygerus  Kiesenwetter. — 
Lec] 

HISPA  Linn. 

H.  vittata  Fabr.  This  species  varies  much  in  color,  so  much 
so  indeed,  that  more  than  one  species  might  be  formed  of  it  by  a 
naturalist  who  relied  implicitly  on  the  [293]  description  which 
Fabricius  gives  of  the  insect.  He  describes  the  thorax  to  be 
"  obscure  aeneus,  nitens  lateribus  rufescentibus,"  and  the  elytra 
"  obscure  aenea,  nitidula  :  vitta  lata,  fusca."  Now,  I  have  a 
specimen,  taken  near  Philadelphia,  which  agrees  very  well  with 
these  characters,  although  the  thorax  exhibits  a  tinge  of  rufous, 
and  has  the  additional  character  of  an  obscure  yellowish-brown 
exterior  margin  of  the  elytra,  which  might  however,  on  a  super- 
ficial examination,  be  very  readily  overlooked.  But  several 
specimens  which  we  obtained  in  the  North-west  Territory,  though 
evidently  the  vittata,  differ  so  widely  from  the  quoted  description, 
that  they  would  probably  be  considered  as  altogether  new  by  an 
entomologist  who  had  not  a  specimen  which  could  serve  as  a  link 
to  the  Fabrician  specimen.  These  individuals  all  correspond 
perfectly  in  having  a  bright  rufous  thorax,  dark  steel-blue  elytra 
with  a  narrow  rufous  fillet  and  lateral  margin;  the  venter  also  is 
very  dark  steel-blue. 

H.  marginata. — Fulvo-sanguineous ;  elytra  with  sanguine- 
ous lines ;  feet  yellowish. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

H.  marginata  Melsh.  Catal. 

Head  with  an  acute  impressed  line ;  antennas  dark  rufous, 
not  surpassing  the  thorax;  thorax  with  dilated  irregular  punc- 


long's  second  expedition.  195 

tures;  anterior  and  lateral  edge  dull  sanguineous;  elytra  serrate 
on  all  the  outer  edge;  sutural  edge,  external  edge,  and  four  lines 
elevated,  and  with  abbreviated  sanguineous  lines ;  first  line  bi- 
furcate at  base ;  third  line  widely  interrupted  in  the  middle  and 
confluent  with  the  fourth  line  near  the  tip  and  on  the  humeral 
tubercle  ;  fourth  line  serrated ;  humeral  tubercle  prominent ;  in- 
terstitial spaces  with  a  double  series  of  profound,  dilated  punc- 
tures, separated  by  elevated  lines ;  tip  of  the  elytra  so  [294]  ob- 
tuse as  to  appear  truncated ;  beneath  sanguineous  ;  feet  pale  yel- 
lowish. 

Length  more  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Var.  o.  Disk  of  the  pectus  and  postpectus,  black. 

This  is  our  most  common  species,  and  we  found  a  specimen  in 
the  North-west  Territory. 

[This  is  Hispa  quadrata  Fabr. — Lec] 

GALLERUCA  Geoff.  Latr. 

G-.  decora. — Dusky ;  elytra  dull  testaceous,  sericeous  with 
golden-brassy  hair. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  dusky;  head  with  a  transverse  impressed  line  between 
the  eyes  and  another  descending  between  the  antennae ;  antennas 
two  basal  incisures,  whitish ;  face  between  the  antennae  and  a 
little  above  them  pale  yellowish  ;  lab  rum  and  palpi  blackish  ;  tho- 
rax tinged  with  golden-brassy  hair ;  a  longitudinal  impressed  line, 
and  a  lateral  sublunate  impressed  space ;  anterior  margin,  par- 
ticularly on  each  side,  dull  whitish ;  anterior  angles  with  a  slightly 
elevated  tubercle  surmounted  by  a  single  hair,  and  separated  by 
an  impressed  line  ;  elytra  dull  testaceous,  sericeous  with  brilliant, 
dense,  prostrate,  golden-brassy  hair ;  punctures  rather  large,  pro- 
found, scattered  irregularly ;  beneath  blackish,  with  very  short 
prostrate  hair ;  punctures  small;  feet  whitish. 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

ALTICA  Geoff.  Latr. 
A.  t^eniata. — Black;  antennae,  feet,  and  vitta  on  the  elytra, 
white. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory.  [295] 

Body  deep  black,  polished ;  head  with  rather  distant,  pro- 
found punctures ;  region  of  the  antennae  a  little  elevated  and 


196  long's  second  expedition. 

dull  rufous ;  antennae  pale,  dusky  at  base  and  tip ;  thorax  punc- 
tured ;  punctures  rather  large  and  profound,  but  not  very  dense ; 
no  impressed  line ;  posterior  angles  with  a  minute  abrupt  excurva- 
ture  acute ;  elytra  punctured  like  the  thorax,  with  a  longitudinal 
white  vitta  on  the  middle  of  each,  commencing  at  the  middle  of 
the  base  and  extending  rectilinearly,  with  a  slight  degree  of  at- 
tenuation to  near  the  tip,  and  occupying  about  the  sixth  part  of 
the  surface ;  feet  pale,  posterior  thighs  dusky  towards  the  tip. 

Length  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  resembles  A.  striolata  Schoenh.,  (which  seems  to 
be  the  Crioceris  vittata  and  Galleruca  elongata  of  Fabr.,  and 
Mr.  J.  F.  Melsheimer  quotes  also  as  synonymous,  the  A.  flexuosa 
Panzer,)  but  it  is  larger,  of  a  more  elongated  form,  and  the  vitta 
of  the  elytra  is  not  flexuous  as  in  that  common  and  profusely 
named  insect.     I  have  not  met  with  it  in  the  Atlantic  States. 

EUMOLPUS  Kugell.  Latr. 

1.  E.  flavidus. — Pale  yellowish;  elytra  striate  with  double 
series  of  punctures. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  densely  punctured ;  punctures  rather  large  and  profound ; 
head  with  two  slightly  elevated  tubercles  between  the  antennae ; 
thorax  tinged  with  rufous ;  elytra  with  elevated  lines,  of  which 
the  inner  one  curves  round  at  base  and  descends  a  short  distance 
to  unite  with  the  sutural  line ;  interstitial  spaces,  excepting  the 
subsutural  one  and  the  two  exterior  ones,  with  double  series  of 
rather  [296]  large  profound  punctures ;  exterior  edge  blackish- 
brown  ;  venter  dusky. 

Length  nearly  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.  interstitial  spaces  of  the  elytra  black ;  beneath  except- 
ing the  feet,  black. 

This  insect  is  common  in  Pennsylvania ;  the  variety  was  ob- 
tained on  St.  Peter's  river,  and  might  readily  be  mistaken  for  a 
distinct  species. 

[Belongs  to   Colaspis. — Lec] 

2.  E.  cochlearius. — Body  black;  base  of  the  antennae,  tibia 
and  elytra  testaceous. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  short,  robust ;  head  punctured,  hairy ;  an  impressed  line 


long's  second  expedition.  197 

from  the  vertex  bifurcates  near  the  antennae ;  antennae,  five  basal 
joints  testaceous,  more  slender  than  the  remaining  ones,  and 
hardly  equalling  their  collective  length  ;  palpi  testaceous,  termi- 
nal joint  black;  thorax  with  short,  prostrate,  cinereous  hairs  like 
those  of  the  head ;  punctured,  punctures  rather  large,  giving 
origin  to  the  hairs ;  transversely  oval ;  sides  without  edges ;  ely- 
tra testaceous ;  punctures  numerous,  rather  large,  subequidistant, 
giving  origin  to  prostrate  hairs ;  beneath  deeper  black,  with 
smaller  punctures  and  shorter  hairs ;  feet  also  with  fine  hairs, 
more  numerous  on  the  tibiae  which  are  testaceous. 

Length    $  more  than  three-twentieths,   V  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

[Considered  by  Kirby  as  the  same  with  the  European  Adoxus 
or  Bromius  vltis. — Lec] 

COCCINELLA  Linn. 

C.  bitriangularis. — White;  thorax  with  six,  elytra  each 
with  nine  black  spots. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  above  white ;  vertex  black,  the  color  extending  down- 
wards in  a  point  near  each  eye ;  thorax  with  six  large  [297] 
black  subquadrate  spots,  placed  by  threes  in  two  triangles,  one 
on  each  side  of  the  middle,  the  two  inner  spots  of  each  triangle 
sometimes  confluent ;  scutel  black ;  elytra,  each  with  nine  spots, 
placed  as  follows  :  one,  large  subquadrate ;  two  small ;  one  large 
oblong ;  two  small ;  two,  the  exterior  one  elongated ;  one  small, 
transverse  ;  beneath  black  ;  feet  yellowish-white. 

Length  more  than  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

[Apparently  the  same  as  C.  multiguttata  Randall.  Bost.  Jour. 
Nat.  Hist.  2,  51,  which  belongs  to  Hippodamia. — Lec] 

ORDER  OR1HOPTERA. 

SPECTRUM  Stoll.  Lam. 

S.  femoratum. — Apterous ;  intermediate  thighs  dilated,  an- 
gulated,  and  with  the  posterior  thighs  armed  with  a  spine  near 
the  tip. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  greenish-brown,  without  any  rudiments  of  hemelytra ; 
head  yellowish  with  three  dilated  fuscous  vittae ;  antennae 
elongated,  brown  ;  anterior  thighs  unarmed,  simple,  bright  green : 


198  long's  second  expedition. 

tibia  dull  green,  tip  and  tarsus  testaceous ;  intermediate  thighs 
dilated,  angulated,  pale  ochreous,  annulated  with  brown,  the  in- 
ferior angulated  lines  slightly  serrated ;  a  prominent,  piceous, 
acute,  robust  spine  beneath  near  the  tip ;  tibia  greenish,  slightly 
serrated  on  the  inner  side ;  tarsus  testaceous ;  posterior  thighs 
brownish,  ochreous,  with  a  prominent,  piceous,  acute,  robust 
spine  near  the  tip  beneath. 

Length  about  three  inches. 

A  specimen  occurred  at  the  falls  of  Niagara  on  a  Hickory 
tree  (Carya,)  and  I  formerly  obtained  one  near  the  Missouri 
river.     They  are  both  males. 

[Ante,  p.  82  •  this  insect  has  been  placed  in  a  variety  of 
genera  by  different  authors  Diapheromerus  Sayii  Gray,  Synopsis 
of  Phasmidse  (1835)  p.  18  :  Diaphcromera  Sayi  Serv.  Orthopt. 
(1839)  p.  247 :  Bacunculus  Sayi  Burnt.  Handb.  2,  part  2,  566 : 
Bacteria  Sayi  Charp.  Orth.   (1846),  pi.  6. — Uhler.] 

\_S.  hivittatum  is  Anisomorpha  buprestoides  Stoll.  Spect.pl.  23 
fig.  269  :  88,  %  :  Gray,  Syn.  19  :  Burin.  Handb.  570.— Uhler.] 

ORDER  HEMIPTERA.  [298] 

SCUTELLERA  Lam. 

1.  S.  binotata. — Head  much  arcuated,  subtrilobate  at  tip ;  a 
large  cinereous  spot  on  the  humeral  region. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  oval,  yellowish-gray,  varied  with  dusky ;  punctured ; 
punctures  small,  black  ;  head  longitudinally  very  much  decurved, 
not  forming  a  right  line  even  on  the  vertex ;  fuscous,  with  three 
obsolete,  dull  fulvous  vittae ;  punctures  dense,  small,  profound ; 
two  profound,  very  obvious,  distinctly  undulated  impressed  lines 
on  the  anterior  two-thirds  of  the  head,  the  included  space  a  little 
elevated,  and  a  tip  forming  a  small  lobe  ;  lateral  edge  concavely 
arcuated,  forming  a  rounded  lobe  at  the  lateral  tip ;  thorax, 
punctures  rather  smaller  than  those  of  the  head  ;  anterior  half, 
excepting  the  lateral  margin,  unequal,  fuscous,  with  three  obso- 
lete dull  fulvous  lines ;  posterior  half  abruptly  a  little  elevated  ; 
lateral  edge  black,  concavely  arcuated  before,  and  convexly  so 
behind ;  posterior  angles  slightly  emarginated ;  scutel  entirely 
concealing  the  tergum  and  the  hemelytra,  excepting  a  very  small 


long's  second  expedition.  199 

portion  of  the  latter  at  base ;  basal  disk  dusky ;  a  glabrous  line 
extending  to  the  tip  and  margined  with  dusky;  a  large  cinereous 
semiorbicular  spot  in  which  are  abbreviated  black  lines,  extend- 
ing from  the  humeral  angle  to  the  lateral  middle;  beneath 
covered  with  black  punctures;  feet  black;  knees  and  spot  near 
the  tip  fulvous;  tibia  fulvous  with  black  lines;  tarsi  black. 

Length  more  than  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

This  species  may  be  distinguished  by  the  curvature  of  [299  ] 
the  line  of  the  head,  and  by  the  large  spot  on  the  humeral  re- 
gion. 

2.  S.  -Exeifrons. — Dull  fulvous,  varied  with  fuscous;  head 
and  two  spots  on  the  thorax  brassy. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  oval,  punctured ;  head  densely  punctured,  convex,  with 
two  impressed  nearly  rectilinear  lines  from  the  tip  abbreviated  at 
the  vertex ;  lateral  edges  convexly  arcuated,  tip  rounded,  the 
space  included  between  the  impressed  lines  very  slightly  project- 
ing ;  antennas  fuscous,  basal  joint  whitish ;  thorax  dull  fulvous, 
with  obsolete  longitudinal  fuscous  spaces,  and  a  brassy  triangular 
spot  each  side  before ;  lateral  edge  nearly  rectilinear  to  the  pos- 
terior angles,  which  are  rounded  entire ;  scutel  dull  fulvous, 
varied  with  fuscous ;  hemelytra  punctured,  visible  portion  tri- 
angular ;  beneath  pale,  head  brassy,  a  brassy  spot  on  each  side  of 
the  pectus ;  thighs  with  a  few  black  points. 

Length  about  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  subject  to  vary  in  being  rather  smaller,  and  in 
the  fuscous  variegations  being  hardly  discernible,  but  tire  other 
characters  remain  unchanged. 

o 

MEMBRACIS  Fabr.  Latr. 

Jl.  M.  diceros. — Thorax  2-horned;  varied  with  brown,  pale 
before  ;  wings  and  beneath  blackish. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  above  punctured,  truncated  and  vertical  before,  sur- 
mounted by  two  horizontal  subconic  horns  extending  laterally ; 
clypeus,  vertical  portions  of  the  thorax,  and  triangular  space  in- 
cluded between  the  horns,  whitish-green,  varied  with  fuscous  ; 
horns  fuscous  behind  and  beneath  ;  back  acutely  carinated,  termi- 
nated in  a  very  acute  subulate  [300]  decurved  point  nearly  as  long 


200  long's  second  expedition. 

us  the  abdomen,  but  much  shorter  than  the  hemelytra ;  sides  of 
the  thorax  posterior  to  the  horns  blackish-brown,  with  an  arcuated 
spot  or  line  behind  the  horns,  and  a  band  near  the  tip,  whitish ; 
hemelytra  and  wings  blackish-brown;  beneath  blackish;  rostrum, 
knees,  tibia,  and  tarsi,  whitish. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  is  an  inhabitant  of  Pennsylvania,  and  also  of  the  North- 

st   Territory.     It  is  closely  allied  to <  Centrotus  buhalus   Fabr. 

•A  is  infested  by  L&ptw  Itiqjidus,  nob. 

2.  M.  trilineata. — Brownish-rufous  ;  thorax  elevated  on  the 
addle,  with  three  longitudinal,  one  oblique,  and  one  transverse 

ie,  whitish. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  with  rather  large  dense  punctures ;  head  pale  greenish- 
ollow,  obsoletely  irrorate  with  brown  points ;  thorax  before 
"imded,  unarmed;  a  dilated  pale  greenish  vitta  from  the  head, 
a  divided  by  the  rounded  elevation  near  the  middle  of  the  back, 
.aid  passes  down  on  each  side  in  an  oblique  white  line,  which 
terminates  at  the  inferior  edge  behind  the  middle ;  a  narrow  line 
on  each  side  passes  from  the  head  and  terminates  at  the  emargi- 
nation  of  the  origin  of  the  hemelytra ;  a  white  band  near  the 
tip  margined  with  fuscous ;  dorsal  foliaceous  elevation  taking  its 
rise  behind  the  line  of  the  origin  of  the  hemelytra,  its  edge  very 
obtusely  curved,  and  gradually  disappearing  behind  at  the  white 
band,  its  sides  in  the  middle  are  abruptly  compressed ;  tip  acute, 
not  attenuated ;  hemelytra  with  a  punctured  scale  at  base,  which 
is  adjusted  in  the  emargination  of  the  thoracic  edge;  coriaceous 
exterior  margin  less  than  one-fourth  the  length  of  the  hemelytra, 
and  punctured  ;  beneath  yellowish-green. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch.  [301] 

3.  M.  concava. — Fuscous  with  elevated  lines  on  the  thorax, 
and  an  oblique  white  band  behind. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  with  dilated  punctures;  head  inequal,  varied  with 
whitish  and  fuscous ;  tip  a  little  more  prominent  in  the  middle ; 
thorax  unarmed,  rounded  before,  with  a  carina  originating  at  the 
head  and  continued  to  the  tip;  elevated  lines  like  nervures, 
which  are  reticulate  on  the  anterior  part  and  near  the  back,  but 


long's  second  expedition.  201 

on  the  sides  they  are  distinctly  four  or  five  in  number ;  back 
over  the  origin  of  the  wings  a  little  concave ;  anterior  or  front 
of  the  thorax  pale ;  carina  on  its  concave  portion  white,  and  a 
white  oblique  band  from  behind  the  middle  of  the  back  to  the 
exterior  edge  nearer  the  tip ;  tip  obtuse,  hardly  surpassing  the 
hemelytra ;  hemelytra  dull  amber,  dusky  at  tip ;  ncrvures  brown  ; 
a  fuscous,  coriaceous,  punctured  basal  margin  extending  more 
than  half  the  length  of  the  wing ;  a  fuscous,  punctured  scale  ad- 
justed in  an  emargination  of  the  edge  of  the  thorax ;  beneath  pice- 
ous-black  ;  knees,  tibia,  and  tarsi,  yellowish. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Yar.  a.  Thorax  ferruginous  or  whitish,  black  or  fuscous  before 
and  behind. 

This  species  is  also  an  inhabitant  of  Missouri  and  Arkansa. 

4.  M.  binotata. — Thorax  with  a  compressed  horn  extending 
above  the  head,  and  two  spots  on  the  back. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  fuscous,  punctured ;  head  longer  than  broad,  rounded  at 
tip,  minutely  punctured;  thorax  with  a  projecting  horn  before, 
which  rises  high  above  the  line  of  the  back,  compressed,  carinated 
above,  each  side,  and  beneath,  and  incurved  towards  the  tip ; 
between  the  lateral  and  [302]  inferior  carinas  are  three  elevated 
lines  converging  towards  the  eye ;  superior  carina  of  the  horn 
continued  upon  the  back  to  the  tip ;  lateral  carina  of  the  horn 
continued  upon  the  side  to  the  middle  of  the  thoracic  edge  ; 
carina  of  the  back  slightly  undulated,  with  two  yellowish  spots, 
of  which  one  is  on  the  middle  and  the  other  near  the  tip  smaller 
and  placed  nearer  to  the  anterior  one  than  its  own  length ;  tip 
acute ;  anterior  and  intermediate  tibiae  dilated,  foliaceous  ;  pos- 
terior tibia  with  two  serrated  lines  behind ;  hemelytra  opaque, 
much  longer  than  the  abdomen ;  wings  hardly  longer  than  the 
abdomen. 

Length  including  the  horn  seven-twentieths ;  exclusive  of  the 
horn  more  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

The  e}-es  are  very  nearly  equidistant  between  the  tip  of  the 
horn  and  of  the  hemelytra.  It  very  closely  resembles  the  lan- 
ceolata  Fabr.  an  inhabitant  of  South  America,  of  which  it  may 
possibly  prove  to  be  a  variety. 


202  long's  second  expedition. 

5.  M.  latipes. — Thorax  with  a  compressed,  porrect  horn; 
body  fuscous,  immaculate. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  fuscous,  punctured  ;  hemelytra  paler ;  thorax,  horn  ex- 
tended in  a  line  with  the  back  and  slightly  decurved  at  tip ;  but 
in  other  respects  resembling  that  of  the  preceding  species  ;  black 
immaculate,  posterior  tip  acute;  hemelytra  paler  than  the  thorax; 
nervures  fuscous. 

Length  equalling  the  preceding  species. 

This  species  very  closely  resembles  the  hinotata,  but  the  horn 
has  a  very  different  direction ;  the  back  is  destitute  of  spots,  and 
the  hemelytra  seem  to  be  of  a  more  membranaceous  texture. 

[303]  0  CERCOPIS  Fabr.  Germar. 

^  C.  parallella. — Hemelytra  with  two  whitish  bands,  which 
are  margined  with  dusky. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Dusky  yellowish-brown,  punctured ;  head  densely  punctured ; 
dusky  in  the  middle  and  near  the  eyes ;  a  glabrous  somewhat 
elevated  longitudinal  line ;  length  less  than  one-third  of  the- 
breadth;  thorax  less  densely  punctured  than  the  head  ;  angulated 
at  the  middle  of  the  anterior  edge;  a  glabrous  somewhat  elevated 
line  from  the  anterior  central  angle,  continued  on  the  scutel ; 
scutel  acute,  punctured  at  base,  glabrous  at  tip  ;  hemelytra  densely 
punctured;  an  oblique  band  from  the  tip  of  the  scutel,  attains 
the  exterior  edge  near  the  middle,  it  is  whitish,  margined  with 
dusky ;  another  oblique  band  parallel  with  the  preceding  and  of 
the  same  colors,  is  placed  a  short  distance  behind  the  middle ; 
near  the  tip  on  the  inner  edge  is  a  whitish  spot ;  pectus  and  feet 
yellowish;  tarsi,  terminal  joint  dusky;  tergum  and  venter 
dusky,  margined  with  sanguineous. 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  varies  a  little  in  the  shade  of  its  coloring,  and 
when  dark  in  color,  the  bands  are  almost  obsolete.  This  species 
also  occurs  in  Missouri  and  Arkansa. 


\i 


long's  second  expedition.  203 

ORDER  NEUROPTERA. 

BAETIS  Leach. 

,  1.   B.  bilineata. — Large,    pale    ferruginous;  inferior    wings 

margined   behind  with   dusky;    tergum  fuscous  with  a  double 

series  of  whitish  lines.  [304] 

Inhabits  St.  Peter's  river. 

Head  above  somewhat  fulvous ;  beneath  and  front  yellow ; 
thorax,  first  segment  yellowish-brown,  blackish  each  side  and 
before;  second  segment  pale  brownish,  a  little  tinged  with  rufous 
and  with  indistinct  oblique  whitish  lines,  proceeding  from  the 
longitudinal  impressed  line;  two  brown  spots  on  the  middle 
placed  transversely ;  wings  hyaline,  whitish,  with  fuscous  ner- 
vures ;  posterior  margin  of  the  infcriores  fuscous ;  tergum  fus- 
cous ;  lateral  margin  whitish ;  posterior  edges  of  the  segments 
white  above;  a  double  series  of  whitish,  oblique,  dilated,  abbre- 
viated lines. 

Length  $  to  tip  of  the  wings  one  and  three-tenths  of  an 
inch. 

This  is  much  the  largest  species  of  this  country  I  have  seen ; 
.it  appeared  in  considerable  numbers. 

[Belongs  to  Palingcnia,  and  is  P.  limbata  Gruer.  Icon.  Eegne 
An.  pi.  60,  fig.  7. — Uhler.] 

2.  B.  alternata. — Wings  whitish,  nervures  fuscous ;  tergum 
fuscous,  segments  whitish  at  their  bases. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  fuscous ;  head  on  the  anterior  margin  and  gense  white ; 
thorax  pale  brownish-livid,  yellowish  near  the  scutel ;  wings  hya- 
line, with  a  whitish  reflexion,  nervures  not  margined;  pleura  and 
pectus  varied  with  yellowish;  feet  pale  ochreous,  a  fuscous 
annulus  near  the  tip  of  the  thighs;  tergum  fuscous;  segments 
whitish  at  base,  one  or  two  ultimate  segments  with  two  whitish 
longitudinal  lines  ;  venter  whitish,  each  segment  with  two  oblique 
lines  and  two  intermediate  points,  black ;  seta  whitish,  with 
regular  fuscous  spots  alternating. 

Length  of  the  body  %  from  two-fifths  to  half  an  inch. 

Closely  allied  to  the  femoratus,  nobis,*  but  may  be  distinguished 

*  Western  Quarterly  Reporter,  vol.  2,  p.  162. — Ante.  p.  171- 


204  long's  second  expedition. 

[305]  from  that  species  at  once,  by  the  nervures  of  the  wings 
being  altogether  destitute  of  colored  margins. 

3.  B.  alba. — White;  vertex  and  anterior  feet  above  dusky. 

Inhabits  Winnepeek  river. 

Thorax  slightly  tinged  with  pale  yellowish-brown;  anterior 
feet  short,  rather  robust;  nervures  upon  and  near  the  costal 
margin  dusky. 

Length  of  the  body  2  about  half  an  inch. 

This  insect  appears  in  immense  numbers.  They  rise  upon  the 
wing  in  the  evening,  and  their  short  existence  in  the  perfect 
state  appears  to  be  terminated  before  sunrise.  For  a  more  parti- 
cular account  of  this  species,  see  the  Narrative. 

ASCALAPHUS  Fabr. 

A.  4-maculatus. — Wings  with  a  white  costal  spot ;  antennae 
as  long  as  the  body ;  tergum  varied  with  black  and  testaceous ; 
eyes  with  a  suture. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Head  and  stethidium  covered  by  long  cinereous  hair,  the  latter 
part  blackish,  varied  with  pale  testaceous  ;  labrum  honey  -yellow ; 
antennae  as  long  as  the  body,  dull  yellowish-brown;  incisures 
blackish,  clavum  oval,  compressed,  blackish  with  pale  incisures  ; 
eyes  large,  prominent,  in  the  middle  divided  by  an  impressed  line; 
wings  hyaline  with  a  milk-white  reflexion,  an  opake  snow-white 
spot  near  the  tip  of  the  costal  margin,  nervures  black ;  tergum 
testaceous,  segments  with  a  dorsal  line  and  oblong  spot  each  side, 
black,  terminal  segments  nearly  all  black;  sides  black,  varied 
with  testaceous. 

Length  to  tip  of  wings  one  inch  and  a  half. 
[306]  Like  the  cayennensis  Fabr.  this  species  has  a  white  spot 
on  each  wing,  but  the  clavum  of  the  antennae  is  not  truncated. 
The  eyes  are  each  bisected  by  an  impressed  line  in  the  middle, 
as  in  the  maculatus  Oliv.  and  all  others  of  this  genus.  This 
species  was  found  by  Mr.  William  W.  Wood. 

HEMEROBIUS  Latr.  Lam. 

1.  H.  irroratus. — Blackish ;  thorax    with    three    lines    and 
lateral  margin  yellowish ;  wings  hyaline  with  black  spots. 
Inhabits  United  States. 


long's  second  expedition.  205 

Body  hairy ;  antenna;  fuscous,  less  than  half  the  length  of  the 
body,  filiform ;  orbits  above  and  before,  and  hypostoma  glabrous, 
white,  the  latter  with  a  broad,  transverse,  brownish  line  near  the 
tip ;  labrum  white,  with  two  obsolete,  dusky,  longitudinal  spots; 
maxillary  palpi  black;  a  large,  transverse  quadrate,  black,  gla- 
brous spot,  surrounding  the  base  of  the  antenna; ;  thorax,  ante- 
rior segment  five-lines,  lines  equal;  feet  whitish,  hairy,  four 
anterior  thighs  annulate  with  brown  near  the  tip,  their  tibia  at 
tip  and  annulus  near  the  base,  brown ;  pleura,  incisures  whitish  ; 
wings  hyaline,  with  numerous  irregular,  unequal,  black  and  white 
points  and  spots,  which  are  larger  on  the  inner  and  outer  margin ; 
nervures  and  margins  alternately  spotted  with  blackish  and  white; 
nervures  of  the  disk  with  only  a  single  line  of  connecting  ner- 
vures which  pass  across  the  middle ;  margin  with  numerous  ner- 
vures ;  inferior  wings  without  spots,  excepting  on  the  margin. 

Length  to  tip  of  the  wings  one  inch  and  a  quarter. 

Rather  rare  in  Pennsylvania.  We  obtained  a  specimen  in 
the  North-west  Territory,  and  Mr.  Isaiah  Lukens  informed 
me  that  they  are  extremely  numerous  near  Lake  Erie  in  June. 

[This  was  described  by  Fabricius,  under  the  name  Semblis 
punctata,  Ent.  Syst.,  73.  He  afterwards  described  it,  Ent.  Syst., 
Supp.  202,  as  Hemerobius  nebitlosns.  It  is  also  Polystcechotcs  stictt- 
rns  Burm.  Handbuch.  ii.  p.  982.  Osmylus  validus  Walker,  Brit. 
Mus.  Cat.  233,  3,  and  Hemerobius  irroratus,  Fitch,  1st  report, 
p.  92,  1.     The  name  must  now  remain  Polystcechotes  punctattis. — ■ 

Uhler.]  [307] 

2.  H.  vittatus. — Pale  yellowish,  with  a  black  vitta  on  the 
pleura;  abdomen  fuscous;  wings  spotted  with  black. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey. 

Head  with  a  transverse,  quadrate,  dusky  spot  between  the 
eyes  ;  antennae  somewhat  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  yel- 
lowish-rufous, blackish  at  tip  and  base ;  eyes  prominent,  black ; 
thorax  greenish-white,  dusky  between  the  wings,  first  segment  a 
little  narrowed  before ;  wings  hyaline,  with  black  spots  ;  costal 
nervures  articulate  with  black  and  white ;  a  small  white  spot 
near  the  costal  tip  of  each  wing ;  inferior  wings  with  fewer  spots 
than  the  superior  ones,  but  behind  the  costal  middle  is  a  large 
orbicular  spot,  and  a  smaller  irregular  one  near  the  tip;  meta- 
thorax  blackish  above ;  pleura  with  a  broad  blackish  vitta,  ex- 


206  long's  second  expedition. 

tending  from  near  the  head  to  the  abdomen ;  feet  blackish,  thighs 
at  base,  an  annulus  near  the  tip  of  the  posterior  ones,  and  pos- 
terior tibia  towards  the  tip,  pale ;  abdomen  blackish,  with  an  ob- 
solete, pale,  small  spot  on  some  of  the  segments  of  the  tergum. 

Length  to  tip  of  the  wings  one  and  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  fine  insect  is  in  the  collection  of  the  Philadelphia  Museum. 
and  was  found  by  Mr.  Titian  Peale. 

CHAULIODES  Latr. 

C.  serricornis. — Brownish -black,  wings  spotted  with  white. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Head  somewhat  wider  than  the  thorax,  dusky  testaceous  at 
base,  diameters  nearly  equal ;  antennas  deeply  serrated,  black ; 
wings  blackish;  superior  wings  with  a  white  band  across  the 
middle  not  attaining  the  inner  margin  and  widest  on  the  costal 
margin,  a  white  spot  on  the  costal  [308]  margin  near  the  tip,  and 
numerous,  small,  white  dots  on  the  disk  near  the  tip ;  inferior 
wings  with  a  narrow  band  across  the  middle  not  attaining  the 
inner  margin  and  near  the  tip  larger  spots,  white. 

Length  to  tip  of  the  wings  from  one  inch  and  a  quarter  to  one 
inch  and  a  half. 

A  fine  insect,  which  appears  to  inhabit  almost  every  part  of  the 
United  States,  though  I  have  not  met  with  many  specimens  any 
where.  Mr.  JNuttall  brought  me  an  individual  from  Arkansa ; 
Br.  Bigsby  took  a  specimen  as  far  north  as  the  Lake  of  the  Woods, 
and  I  have  found  one  in  Pennsylvania,  another  in  Missouri,  and 
a  third  on  Red  river  of  Lake  Winnepeek. 

[A  synonym  of  this  species  is  Neuromus  maculatus  Rambur, 
Neur.  pi.  10,  fig.  2.— Uhler.] 

PHRYGANEA  Linn.  Latr. 

1.  P.  subfasctata.     [Ante,  p.  97.] 

2.  P.  radiata. — Pale  yellowish-brown  j  wings  with  a  fuscout- 
circle,  from  which  proceed  four  radii.  [3091 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Antennas  fuscous;  vertex  and  neck  hairy;  thorax  on  each  sidi 
before  the  wings,  and  two  dorsal  series,  hairy;  superior  winge 
nearly  hyaline ;  beyond  the  middle  a  large  fuscous  circle  from 
which  a  dilated  line  proceeds  to  the  tip,  another  to  the  inferior 


long's  second  expedition.  207 

angle,  a  third  to  the  carpal  spot,  and  a  fourth  towards  the  base, 
interrupted  in  its  middle ;  dorsal  margin,  particularly  towards 
the  base,  fuscous ;  surface  with  scattered  hairs,  those  of  the  ner- 
vures  more  distinct  and  blackish  ;  tibiae  and  tarsi  with  black  setae. 

Length  to  tip  of  wings  seven-tenths  of  an  inch. 

3.  P.  sericea. — Blackish,  sericeous;  wings  varied  with  fus- 
cous and  sericeous. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Head  with  a  cinereous  gloss,  and  a  few  long  hairs  ;  antennas 
brown,  incisures  margined  with  yellowish  ;  basal  joint  color  of 
the  head ;  thorax  with  a  cinereous  gloss  in  a  particular  light ; 
superior  wings  varied  with  pruinose  and  fuscous  ;  a  transverse, 
quadrate,  blackish  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin;  hairs 
numerous,  minute,  those  of  the  nervures  larger  and  black  ;  in- 
ferior wings  immaculate ;  posterior  pairs  of  feet  pale  ochreous, 
sericeous,  with  black  setae. 

Length  to  tip  of  wings  more  than  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

MANTISPA  Illig.  Latr. 
M.  brunnea.     [Ante,  p.  54.] 

ORDER  HYMENOPTERA.  [310] 

XYELA  Dalman. 

X.  ferruginea. — Ferruginous;  thoracic  spots  and  base  of 
the  abdomen  blackish. 

Inhabits  Arkansa. 

Antennae  fuscous,  basal  joint  ferruginous  above  the  antennae 
[311]  and  extending  between  the  eyes  is  a  transverse  black  spot; 
thorax  each  side  above  the  base  of  the  superior  wings  with  a 
longitudinal  blackish  spot,  connected  behind  with  a  transverse, 
almost  indefinite  one  ;  metathorax  blackish  behind  ;  wings  hya- 
line, slightly  tinged  with  yellowish,  nervures  brown;  terguni, 
three  basal  segments  black,  remaining  segments  obsoletely  blackish 
on  their  posterior  margins ;  posterior  pairs  of  the  tibiae  six-spined, 
one  on  the  middle,  one  beyond  the  middle,  and  the  other  at  tip. 

Length  to  tip  of  oviduct  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  interesting  insect  was  presented  to  me  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Nuttall,  who  obtained  it  during  his  expedition  to  Arkansa.  The 
forms  of  some  of  the  wing  cellules  differ  a  little  from  those  of 


208  long's  second  expedition. 

the  type  of  this  genus.  The  first  radial  cellule  receives  the  first 
recurrent  nervure  and  is  nearly  square,  slightly  oolong,  and 
nearly  two-thirds  the  size  of  the  second  cellule,  which  receives 
no  recurrent  nervure  and  is  somewhat  smaller  than  the  third 
cellule.  The  latter  receives  two  recurrent  nervures.  The  cu- 
bital cellules  are  subequal,  bounded  beneath  by  an  almost  recti- 
linear line,  the  third  nearly  attains  the  tip  of  the  wing,  leaving 
the  fourth  cellule  very  small.  The  maxillary  palpi  also  are 
much  shorter  than  those  of  the  Swedish  species.  This  disposi- 
tion of  the  nervures  will  authorize  the  formation  of  a  distinct 
section  in  the  genus. 

XIPHYDRIA  Latr. 

1.  X.  abdominalis. — Black  ;  abdomen  rufous. 
Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Head  confluently  punctured ;  antennae  short ;  vertex  with  two 
distant,  longitudinal,  yellow  spots,  and  another  [312]  transverse 
one  on  each  cheek  above;  thorax  confluently  punctured,  margined, 
and  with  three  longitudinal  impressed  lines  distant  before  ;  wings 
fuliginous;  abdomen  bright  rufous;  first  segment  above  blackish; 
feet  piceous  black. 

Length  more  than  half  an  inch. 

The  abdominal  color  of  this  species  distinguishes  it  at  once 
from  any  other.  In  dromedarius  the  middle  segments  of  the 
tergum  are  rufous,  but  the  terminal  and  three  basal  segments  are 
black,  and  there  is  a  series  of  whitish  lateral  spots. 

2.  X.  tibialis. — Black ;  four  lateral  spots  of  the  abdomen, 
first  tarsal  joint  and  base  of  the  tibia  white. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Stethidium  rough  with  confluent  punctures,  immaculate ; 
wings  hyaline,  nervures  dark  fuscous ;  feet  black ;  tibia  white, 
fuscous  at  tip;  tarsi,  first  joint  white;  abdomen  black,  three  mid- 
dle segments  and  the  penultimate  segment,  each  with  a  white 
spot  on  each  side. 

Length  more  than  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  resembles  the  camelus  Fabr.,  and  Urocerus  annu- 
latus  Jur.,  but  is  less  than  half  the  size  of  either,  and  the  former, 
according  to  authors,  has  ferruginous  feet  and  a  smooth  thorax ; 
the  latter  has  a  lateral  white  spot  on  each  of  the  abdominal  seg- 
ments excepting  the  penultimate  one. 


long's  second  expedition.  209 

TARPA  Fabr.,  Le  Pelletier. 

T.  scrtpta. — Black,  with  white  lines  and  spots ;  abdomen  ru- 
fous. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory  and  Arkansa. 

Hypostoma  on  its  anterior  margin,  mandibles  and  palpi  whitish ; 
line  upon  the  orbits  extending  from  near  the  antennae  ["313]  to 
the  occiput  and  together  with  an  insulated  spot  each  side  on  the 
vertex  when  viewed  from  behind  presenting  the  form  of  the 
figure  3,  white ;  a  white  slightly  oblique  spot  above  the  base  of 
each  antenna ;  inferior  orbits  white  :  thorax  with  an  abbreviated, 
transverse,  augulated  line  before,  slightly  interrupted  in  the 
middle,  a  line  before  each  wing  and  three  small  spots  on  the 
middle  placed  triangularly,  white;  wings  hyaline,  nervures  fus- 
cous ;  feet  yellowish-white ;  abdomen  rufous,  first  segment,  and 
sometimes  the  tip,  black. 

Length  from  more  than  three-tenths  to  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

CEPHUS  Latr. 

1.  C.  trimaculatus. — Black ;  abdomen  with  a  yellowish- 
white  spot  each  side  at  the  middle. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Orbits  before,  two  longitudinal  spots  on  the  hypostoma,  and 
base  of  the  mandibles  yellowish-white  ;  wings  brown-black ;  me- 
tathoi'ax  with  a  pale  greenish,  membranaceous,  triangular  spot 
behind ;  abdomen  on  the  middle  with  a  transverse  oval  pale  yel- 
lowish spot  each  side. 

Length  $   nearly  one-half,  $  nearly  three-fourths  of  an  inch. 

Yar.  a.  head  immaculate. 

Yar.  /?•  a  very  small  indistinct  spot  on  each  side  beyond  the 
middle. 

In  the  collection  of  Mr.  William  W.  Wood,  the  great  differ- 
ence  in  point  of  size  between  the  sexes  of  this  insect,  might 
readily  lead  to  error  with  respect  to  their  specific  identity. 

2.  C.  abbreviatus. — Black;  abdomen  rufous  at  base.    [314] 
Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

9  Body  black,  polished ;  labruni  white,  with  a  dilated,  longi- 
tudinal, fuscous  line ;  thorax  with  an  oblique,  white,  abbreviated 
line  at  the  base  of  the  superior  wings ;  scutel  with  a  transverse 

14 


210  long's  second  expedition. 

white  line ;  metathorax  with  a  longitudinal  white  triangle ;  wings 
hyaline,  nervures  fuscous ;  the  small  nervure  which  divides  the 
first  marginal  cellule  from  the  first  submarginal  cellule  is  abbre- 
viated and  does  not  reach  the  margin ;  feet  pale  rufous,  tibiae 
with  a  white  abbreviated  line  on  the  exterior  side  near  the  knees ; 
posterior  tibiae  and  tarsi  black ;  abdomen  compressed,  acutely 
edged  above  beyond  the  middle ;  first  and  second  segments  ru- 
fous. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  may  be  readily  distinguished  from  the  preceding  species 
as  well  by  its  inferior  size  and  color,  as  by  the  remarkable  ab- 
breviation of  the  dividing  nervure  of  the  first  marginal  and  sub- 
marginal  cellules. 

HYLOTOMA  Latr. 

H.  dulciaria. —  9  Pale  rufous ;  head,  wings  and  feet  viola- 
ceous-black. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Antennae  black,  with  a  slight  violaceous  tinge ;  pectus  with  a 
large,  well  defined  black  spot,  tinged  with  violaceous ;  feet  hardly 
tinged  with  violaceous;  abdomen  yellow;  tail  black. 

Length  to  tip  of  the  wings  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  was  found  by  Dr.  Bigsby,  to  whom  I  am  indebted 
for  the  specimen.  It  seems  to  be  allied  to  the  pectoralis  Leach, 
of  which,  however,  the  wings  are  "  luteo-hyalinae." 

LOPHYRUS  Latr.,  Leach.  [315] 

L.  abdominalis. —  9  Antennae  18-jointed,  pale-yellowish  ; 
thorax  with  black  spots. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Head  reddish-yellow ;  a  large,  transverse,  black  spot  above  the 
antennae  descending  on  each  side  between  the  antennae  and  the 
eyes  to  the  sides  of  the  mouth,  and  ascending  by  two  distant 
narrow  lines  over  the  vertex  to  the  occiput;  mandibles  piceous 
at  tip ;  thorax  with  large  black  spots,  occupying  the  greater  por- 
tion of  the  surface ;  scutel  pale  yellow ;  wings  hyaline,  nervures 
and  stigmata  fuscous ;  thighs  dusky  at  base ;  tergum  yellow, 
tinged  with  rufous,  whitish  on  the  lateral  margin ;  segments  pice- 
ous on  their  posterior  edges. 


long's  second  expedition.  211 

This  species  seems  to  be  allied  to  L.  americanus  Leach,  but 
that  insect  is  stated  to  have  nineteen  joints  to  the  antennae. 

NEMATUS  Jur. 

N.  ventralis. — Black  ;  venter  and  feet  pale. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

%  Hypostorna,  palpi  and  mandibles  at  base,  whitish ;  orbits 
above  and  behind  piceous;  thorax  dilated,  triangular  line  before 
the  wing,  and  wing  scale  whitish ;  wings  slightly  dusky,  ner- 
vures  fuscous;  feet  honey-yellow,  posterior  tarsi  black-brown; 
tergum  black,  segments  each  with  a  yellow  band  of  which  the 
four  terminal  ones  are  interrupted  in  the  middle ;  venter  pale 
h  oney -yellow. 

Length  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

9  Orbits  all  round  whitish ;  white  line  or  spot  before  [316] 
the  wings  with  about  three  obsolete  black  spots  before ;  feet  white, 
thighs  black  in  the  middle,  posterior  tarsi  blackish;  tergum 
lack,  the  bands  obsolete ;  venter  white  and  segments  blackish. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

Belongs  to  Nematus  Leach,  and  to  Ncmatus^^  Le  Pelletier. 

TENTHREDO  Latr. 

1.  T.  basilaris. — Black,  hypostorna  and  basal  joint  of  the 
antennas  yellow ;  tergum  bifasciate. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

9  Body  polished ;  hypostorna  emarginate  in  a  curved  line,  and 
with  the  labruni  and  mandibles  yellow,  the  latter  piceous  at  tip ; 
gena  with  a  yellow  line  abbreviated  above ;  tongue  and  palpi 
pale  yellow;  thorax  with  a  yellow  line  before  the  wings;  scutel 
yellow  ;  metathorax  with  two  small  yellow  spots ;  wings  tinged 
with  ferruginous  ;  pleura  with  an  oblique,  dilated  line  above  the 
intermediate  feet,  and  a  rhomboidal  spot  above  the  posterior  feet, 
yellow ;  anterior  feet  greenish-white  ;  intermediate  feet  pale  yel- 
lowish, a  black  spot  on  the  thighs  near  the  tip  behind ;  posterior 
feet  pale  yellowish,  thighs  and  tibiae  annulate  with  black  at  tip ; 
tergum,  first  segment  white  on  the  posterior  margin,  fifth  seg- 
ment rufous,  penultimate  segment  with  a  yellow  subtriangular 
spot  on  each  side,  ultimate  segment  at  base,  and  tail, pale  yellow; 
venter,  fifth  segment,  rufous. 

Length  of  the  body  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 


212  long's  second  expedition. 

%  Cheeks  entirely  yellow ;  a  yellow  spot  on  the  pleura  above 
the  anterior  feet,  connected  with  the  thoracic  line ;  tergurn  yel- 
lowish-rufous, dusky  at  tip  and  black  at  base ;  venter  yellowish- 
white,  dusky  at  tip.  [317] 

This  species  resembles  the  hifasciatus  nob.,*  of  which  the 
only  specimen  I  have  seen  is  a  female.  On  comparing  the  two 
species,  it  will  be  observed  that  the  above  described  insect  is 
larger,  and  of  a  somewhat  more  slender  form ;  the  surface  of  the 
head  and  thorax  is  much  more  smooth ;  the  rufous  band  instead 
of  being  on  the  fourth  segment,  as  in  that  species,  is  on  the 
fifth,  &c. 

2.  T.  verticalis. —  9  Head  pale  yellow;  vertex  and  antennae 
black ;  tergum  yellowish,  spotted  with  black,  tip  black. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Mandibles  piceous  at  tip ,  antennae  rather  long ;  vertex  with  a 
somewhat  'lobated,  large  black  spot,  extending  by  a  process  down 
between  the  antennae,  and  connected  with  another  large  spot  on 
the  occiput;  neck,  a  black  line  each  side;  thorax  black,  about 
four  oblique,  short  lines  in  the  centre,  and  dilated  line  before 
each  wing,  yellow ;  wings  hyaline,  stigmata  and  nervures  fuscous, 
costal  edge  dull  yellowish;  scutel  yellow;  metathorax  black,  a 
triangle  at  base,  two  dots  and  behind,  yellow ;  pleura  black,  a 
yellow  spot  near  the  anterior  wings  and  another  over  the  posterior 
feet ;  feet  yellow,  slightly  varied  with  pale  testaceous ;  posterior 
thighs  black  on  the  terminal  half,  their  tibiae  black  at  tip ;  tergum 
yellow,  with  a  testaceous  tinge,  second,  third,  and  fourth  segments 
two-spotted  on  each ;  those  of  the  anterior  one  nearly  confluent ; 
fifth  immaculate,  terminal  ones  black;  venter  pale  yellowish, 
black  at  tip. 

Length  of  the  body  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

3.  T.  rufipes. —  $  Black;  mouth  yellow;  feet  rufous. 
Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Antennae  moderate;  hypostoma  emarginate  with  a  regularly 
[318]  curved  line, yellow;  labrum nearly  orbicular,  and  with  the 
mandibles  pale  yellow,  the  latter  piceous  at  tip ;  stethidium  and  ab- 
domen black,  immaculate ;  wings  with  fuscous  nervures,  stigmata 

*  Western  Quarterly  Reporter,  vol.  2,  p.  72.— [Ante,  p.  162.] 


long's  second  expedition.  213 

and  costal  edge ;  feet  pale  rufous ;  posterior  tarsi  and  their  tibiae 
at  tip  blackish. 

Length  of  the  body  half  an  inch. 

4.  T.  terminalis. — Antennae  white  at  tip;  abdomen  testa- 
ceous. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

9  Body  black ;  head  testaceous ;  venter  with  a  blackish  longi- 
tudinal vitta;  antennae  black,  four  last  joints  white;  stethidium 
black ;  thorax  with  a  piceous  triangle  before,  and  a  large  yellow 
spot  behind ;  thorax  with  two  small  yellow  spots ;  wings  tinged 
with  fuliginous;  nervures  fuscous ;  carpal  spot  whitish  on  the  basal 
half;  pleura  with  a  large  testaceous  spot  beneath  the  superior 
wings;  feet  testaceous,  coxae  black,  tip  of  the  posterior  coxae 
white  ;  abdomen  entirely  testaceous. 

%  Tip  of  the  antennae  pale  yellowish ;  superior  orbits  with  a 
white  sagittate  spot;  occiput  each  side  with  a  white  spot;  instead 
of  the  piceous  triangle  of  the  thorax  is  a  white  V-like  spot ;  pleura 
testaceous;  pectus  testaceous,  disk  and  posterior  coxas  at  base 
black. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

The  white  terminal  joints  of  the  antennae  of  this  species  are 
very  distinct  and  striking. 

5.  T.  pygm^ea. — Black;  thorax  rufous  before;  feet  white. 
Inhabits  United  States. 

%  9  Body  polished;  hypostoma  obscure  whitish;  thorax,  an- 
terior segment  rufous,  collar  dusky ;  wings  dusky ;  feet  white ; 
thighs  blackish  in  the  middle  behind ;  posterior  tibiae  and  tarsi 
black. 

Length  %  one  fifth  of  an  inch,  9  rather  more. 

DOLERUS  Jut.  [319] 

1.  D.  inornatus. — Body  black,  polished;  feet  white;  tarsi 
dusky. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

9  Labrum  and  palpi  whitish;  thorax  with  a  line  before  the 
wings  and  wing-scale,  white ;  scutel  with  a  small  bullate  white 
spot  on  each  side ;  wings  a  little  dusky ;  nervures  blackish-fus- 
cous ;  pleura  with  an  abbreviated  white  line  over  the  intermediate 
feet;  coxae  color  of  the  feet. 


214  long's  second  expedition. 

Length  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

This  species  belongs  to  Dolerus  ff  of  Le  Pelletier,  Emphytw 
Leach. 

2.  D.  ARVENSis. — Blackish-violaceous ;  thorax  rufous,  a  spot 
before  and  triangular  spot  behind,  black. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

$>  Antennae  black ;  palpi  and  mandibles  black ;  head  black 
with  a  violaceous  tinge ;  thorax  with  a  longitudinal  spot  from  the 
collar  to  the  middle,  a  small  spot  over  the  wing,  posterior  margin 
connected  with  a  spot,  black ;  metathorax  black ;  wings  dusky ; 
pleura  and  pectus  black,  tinged  with  violaceous,  the  former  rufous 
at  the  humerus,  this  color  being  connected  with  that  of  the  thorax ; 
feet  black  ■  abdomen  dark-violaceous. 

Length  more  than  seven-twentieths  of  an  Inch. 

Yar.  a.  Black  spot  above  the  wing  enlarged  and  reaching  the 
dorsal  spot. 

This  species  belongs  to  Hylotoma  Fabr.,  Dosythaeus  Leach, 
and  Dolerus  ff  Le  Pelletier.  It  is  found  in  the  North-west 
Territory,  Pennsylvania,  and  Arkansa.  This  species  is  closely 
allied  to  Tenthredo  thoracina  Beauv.,  but  it  does  not  fully  agree 
with  his  figure,  and  his  description  is  too  unessential  to  be 
useful.  [320] 

3.  D.  sericetjs. — Entirely  black,  immaculate. 
Inhabits  United  States. 

%  9  Body,  particularly  the  venter  and  feet,  sericeous ;  with 
short  hairs ;  wings  dusky ;  tergum  glabrous,  polished. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Belongs  to  the  same  division  with  the  preceding  species. 

It  is  found  as  far  south  and  west  as  Arkansa.  It  resembles 
Tenthredo  unicolor  Beauv.,  but  is  somewhat  larger,  the  three  last 
joints  of  the  antennae  are  differently  formed,  and  the  wings  are 
dusky. 

EYANIA  Fabr. 

E.  unicolor. — Entirely  black,  immaculate,  slightly  sericeous. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Antennae  as  long  as  the  body ;  palpi  piceous ;  thorax  with  very 
few,  small  punctures ;  metathorax  densely  punctured ;  wings 
hyaline,  nervures  fuscous;   a  distinct  nervure   passes  from  the 


long's   SECOND  EXPEDITION.  21  i 5 

dividing  nervure  of  the  cubital  and  discoidal  cellules  to  the  pos- 
terior margin  of  the  wing;  abdomen  much  compressed,  impunc- 
tured,  polished,  oval,  rather  longer  than  the  petiole;  posterior 
feet  elongated. 

Length  more  than  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

The  proportions  of  the  petiole,  abdomen,  and  posterior  feet  of 
this  insect  are  nearly  the  same  with  those  of  cvppendigaster  Fabr., 
I  obtained  a  specimen  near  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  it  is  also 
found  in  Pennsylvania.  The  additional  nervure  is  sometimes 
connected  with  the  radial  cellule  by  a  faint,  transverse  nervure. 
so  as  to  form  a  second  cubital  cellule. 

FOENUS  Fabr.  [321] 

F.  tarsatorius. — Black;    feet   pale  rufous;    posterior  tibia 
blackish,  at  base  white. 
Inhabits   Pennsylvania. 

Antennae  black-testaceous  beneath  towards  the  tip  ;  mandibles 
testaceous,  at  tip  black  ;  hypostoma  each  side  silvery ;  stethidium 
immaculate,  confluently  punctured;  wings  hyaline,  nervures  fus- 
cous ;  anterior  and  intermediate  feet  pale  rufous,  the  tibiae  with  a 
whitish  line,  the  base  of  the  tarsi  white ;  posterior  feet  piceous, 
tibiae  blackish,  clavate,  a  white  band  near  the  base,  which  is  much 
dilated  before ;  tarsi  white  at  base,  the  first  joint  with  a  black 
origin ;  abdomen  blackish,  with  about  three  dull  testaceous  spo^ 
on  each  side ;  oviduct  pale  testaceous ;  valves  blackish,  at  tip 
whitish. 

Length  of  the  body  eleven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 
SIGALPHUS   Latr. 

1.  S.  SERICEUS. —  9  Black ;  tergum  sericeous  ;  tibia  ochreous  at 
base. 

Inhabits  Xorth-west  Territory. 

Head  with  dilated,  transversely  confluent  punctures  ;  nasus 
minutely  punctured  ;  thorax  with  much  dilated,  irregularly  con- 
fluent punctures  ;  scutel  polished,  almost  impunctured  on  the  disk, 
lateral  margin  grooved;  wings  slightly  fuliginous,  nervures  fus- 
cous, those  of  the  base  very  pale  brownish ;  nietathorax  witli  very 
large,  somewhat  discoidal  punctures  ;  tergum  without  obvious  in- 
cisures, black,  covered  with  short,  dense,  cinereous,  sericeous  hair  ; 
obtuse  at  tip  ;  venter  excavated  ;  anterior  pairs  of  feet  black,  [322] 


216  long's  second  expedition. 

sericeous,  with  ochreous  tibiae  and  tips  of  the  thighs ;  posterior  pair 
black,  sericeous,  tibiae  ochreous  at  base. 

Length  one-fourth  to  nearly  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

Very  like  the  sulcatus  Jurine,  but  is  much  larger  ;  it  differs 
from  Ichneumon  oculator  Fabr.,  by  being  immaculate,  and  from 
Cryptus  irrorator  Fabr.,  by  the  oval  form  of  its  abdomen. 

2.  S.  basilaris. — Black ;  base  of  the  antennae  and  feet  pale 
yellowish. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Head  punctured;  antennae,  first  and  second  joints  pale  yellow- 
ish; mandibles  yellowish;  palpi  white;  thorax  punctured;  scu- 
tel,  metathorax,  and  tergum  at  base  longitudinally  wrinkled ; 
wings  hyaline,  pale  yellowish  at  base ;  nervures  fuscous ;  feet 
pale  yellowish,  tips  of  the  tarsi  dusky. 

Length  nearly  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  William  W.  Wood.  It 
is  much  smaller  than  the  preceding  species  and  readily  distin- 
guished by  the  color  of  the  basal  joints  of  the  antennae  and  of  the 
feet. 

BR  AC  ON  Jur. 

1.  B.  TIBIATOR. — Black  ;  wings  fuscous  at  tip. 
Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

9  Wings  hyaline,  nervures  robust,  fuscous ;  tip  including  the 
extremity  of  the  second  submarginal  cellule,  fuscous ;  feet,  ante- 
rior pair  of  tibiae  and  tarsi  yellowish- white ;  intermediate  tarsi 
whitish  ;  posterior  pairs  of  tibiae  white  at  base. 

Length  of  the  body  one-fifth  of  an  inch.  [323] 

2.  B.  POPULATOlt. — Black ;  abdomen  red ;  wings  dark  fuli- 
ginous. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

£  9  Metathorax  rough,  with  confluent  punctures  ;  abdomen  en- 
tirely reddish-fulvous  ;  oviduct  black,  longer  than  the  abdomen. 

Length  of  the  body  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

A  very  common  insect  in  many  parts  of  the  United  States. 
The  head  and  stethidium  are  sometimes  dark  piceous  with  the 
anterior  portion  of  the  thorax  black.  It  resembles  B.  initiator 
Fabr. 


LONG'g  second  expedition.  217 

3.  B.  ligator. — Black,  abdomen  and  feet  rufous,  antennae  with 
a  white  annulus. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

9  Vertex  and  occiput  impunctured ;  annulus  of  the  antennas 
placed  beyond  the  middle ;  palpi  piceous ;  stethidium  with  con- 
fluent punctures  ;  thorax  with  two  dilated,  abbreviated  longitu- 
dinal, dull  rufous  lines;  scutel  with  a  dilated,  longitudinal,  dull 
rufous  line;  wings  hyaline,  nervures  fuscous;  mctathorax  dull 
rufous ;  feet  rufous,  tarsi  blackish  at  tip ;  posterior  thighs  with 
a  strong  tooth  beneath  near  the  tij> ;  posterior  tibiae  fuscous ; 
posterior  tarsi  whitish ;  tergum  punctured,  glabrous  at  tip  ;  ovi- 
duct blackish. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

4.  B.  stigmator. — Dark  yellowish-rufous;  metathorax  and 
segment  of  the  tergum  black. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Antennae  as  long  as  the  body,  dusky  towards  the  tip ;  vertex 
between  the  stemmata  black ;  occiput  all  round  the  neck,  black- 
ish ;  metathorax  above  and  on  the  sides  black ;  pleura  with  a 
blackish,  dilated,  longitudinal  line ;  pectus  with  a  blackish,  dilated 
line  before  the  anterior  feet,  [  324  ]  reaching  near  the  head  ;  wings 
hyaline ;  nervures  fuscous ;  stigmata  rather  large,  triangular, 
fuscous,  dull  white  at  the  anterior  and  posterior  tips,  and  also  on 
the  costal  edge  ;  tergum  paler,  disk  of  the  first  segment  blackish . 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

This  insect  is  one  of  the  many  species  that  deposit  their  eggs 
in  great  numbers  in  the  larva  of  Lepidopterus  insects.  In  a  dead 
and  dried  larva,  which  I  found  adhering  to  a  tree,  were  the  fol- 
licles of  forty  or  fifty  individuals  of  this  species.  It  varies  some- 
what in  the  quantity  of  the  black  coloring  with  which  it  is  marked. 
In  some  specimens  this  extends  not  only  along  the  pectus,  but  is 
continued  in  a  capillary  line  along  the  edge  of  the  thorax,  the 
metathorax  also  is  entirely  black,  the  tergum  is  blackish  at  tip 
and  on  the  sides,  the  pectus  has  a  black  spot  in  the  middle,  and 
the  hypostoma  has  a  transverse,  blackish  spot. 


-18  long's  second  expedition. 

STEPHANUS   Jur. 

S.  RUFIPES. — Black;  abdomen  sessile;  thorax  not  remarkably 
attenuated  before. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Body  somewhat  sericeous  ;  palpi  pale  yellowish  ;  scutel  with  a 
groove  on  each  side,  rough ;  metathorax  rough,  and  with  two 
slightly  elevated,  longitudinal,  distant  lines  ;  wings  hyaline;  a 
large,  triangular,  fuscous,  carpal  spot ;  feet  rufous ;  posterior 
pair  of  tarsi  dusky ;  abdomen  a  little  rough  at  base ;  oviduct  as 
long  as  the  abdomen. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Although  the  arrangement  of  the  wing  nervures  agrees  pre- 
cisely with  *SY.  coronatus  Jur.,  yet  the  form  of  the  body  differ.- 
materially,  the  thorax  not  exhibiting  the  remarkable  [325]  atten- 
uation before,  and  the  abdominal  petiole  is  not  visible. 

ACAENITUS  Latr. 
(Anomalon  Jur.) 

A.  stigmapterus. —  $  Black;  incisures  of  the  feet  white. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Thorax  densely  punctured ;  two  dilated  grooves  confluent 
behind ;  scutel  united  to  the  thorax  by  a  carinated  line  each  side  ; 
wings  tinged  with  fuliginous  ;  nervures  blackish  ;  stigma  termi- 
nated before  by  a  small  white  spot ;  metathorax  with  large  con- 
fluent punctures ;  terminated  on  each  side  behind  by  a  short 
conic  process ;  pleura  and  pectus  polished  ;  tibia?  at  base,  first 
joint  of  the  tarsi  at  base,  and  near  the  tip  of  the  tarsi,  white. 

Length  more  than  one  inch. 

Well  distinguished  by  the  white  points  on  the  wings,  and  the 
white  annulations  of  the  feet.  The  head  in  my  specimen  is  defi- 
cient. 

IBALIA  Latr. 

I.  anceps.  —  Dull  ferruginous;  wings  blackish;  abdomen 
piccous. 

Inhabits  Arkansa  and  St.  Peter's  rivers. 

Head  with  a  black  curved  line  at  base  of  the  antennae ;  collar 
abruptly  elevated  at  anterior  edge,  and  slightly  emarginate  in  the 


long's  second  expedition.  219 

middle ;  near  the  neck  black  ;  thorax  transversely  wrinkled,  and 
with  three  longitudinal  impressed  distant  lines,  of  which  the  in- 
termediate one  is  black,  and  the  lateral  ones  black  on  the  exte- 
rior side ;  scutel  scabrous,  abruptly  elevated  at  tip,  and  emar- 
ginatedj  [326]  metathorax  Bcabrous,  black  on  the  disk  ;  wingfl 
fuliginous-black ;  pleura  and  pectus  blackish,  the  former  with  an 
obsolete,  longitudinal  line  beneath  the  wings ;  thighs  piceous  in 
the  middle ;  posterior  pair  black  in  the  middle  ;  abdomen  com- 
pressed almost  to  flatness,  piceous-black,  margins  of  the  segments 
paler  j  elongate-oval ;  rounded,  but  sharp-edged  at  tip  ;  tergum 
and  venter  also  with  sharp  edges. 

Length  nearly  seven-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  not  of  very  common  occurence.  It  is  very 
idosely  allied  to  Banchus  cidtellator  Fabr. 

CHALCIS  Fabr.   Latr. 

1.  C.  microgaster.— Slender,  black  ;  anterior  pairs  of  feet 
and  posterior  tarsi,  yellowish;  peduncle  as  long  as  the  abdo- 
men. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Stethidium  with  dilated,  dense  punctures ;  metathorax  with 
!  angulated  line  above  the  insertion  of  the  abdomen ;  wings 
hyaline,  costal  nervure  fuscous ;  posterior  feet  black  ;  tarsi  yel- 
lowish; first  joint  of  the  coxse  with  a  small  acute  tooth  above 
near  the  tip;  thighs  as  large  as  the  abdomen,  with  numerous, 
small,  regular  teeth  on  the  posterior  edge ;  tibiae,  terminal  spine 
longer  than  the  first  joint  of  the  tarsi;  abdomen  polished,  a  little 
compressed,  triangular,  the  superior  angle  rounded. 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

2.  C  ovata—  Robust,  black;  feet  yellow,  thighs  black  at 
base,  head  with  a  golden  reflection. 

Inhabits  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania. 

Head  black,  with  golden  sericeous  hair,  which  is  indistinct  on 
the  vertex;  antennae  testaceous  beneath  towards  the  tip  ;  stethi- 
dium with  dilated,  dense  punctures,  a  little  [327]  sericeous  with 
golden  hair ;  scale  covering  the  base  of  the  wings  yellow ;  wings 
hyaline  ;  nervures  fuscous,  at  base  pale  yellowish ;  feet  bright  yel- 
low ;  basal  half  of  the  anterior  pairs  of  thighs  black ;  posterior 
thighs  smaller  than  the  abdomen,  black,  with  a  yellow  spot  on 


220  long's  second  expedition. 

the  tip  above,  dentated  on  the  posterior  edge ;  posterior  tibiae 
piceous  on  its  basal  incisure;  terminal  spine  robust,  shorter  than 
the  first  tarsal  joint;  first  joint  of  the  posterior  coxae  with  a 
robust  tooth  above  near  the  tip  ;  abdomen  subovate,  polished  ; 
first  segment  nearly  glabrous,  second  segment  hairy  on  each  side, 
remaining  segments  hairy  near  their  tips. 
Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

LEUCOSPIS  Fabr. 

L.  affinis. — Abdomen  sessile ;  oviduct  as  long  as  the  abdo- 
men ;  black,  varied  with  yellow ;  collar  each  side  and  behind 
margined  with  yellow,  and  with  an  abbreviated,  transverse,  yel- 
low line  on  the  anterior  submargin. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

%  Body  densely  punctured;  antennae,  basal  joint  yellow; 
collar  margined  each  side  and  behind  with  yellow,  the  yellow 
abbreviated  line  on  the  anterior  submargin  is  about  half  the 
width  of  the  collar  ;  thorax,  incisure  at  the  base  of  the  wing  dull 
yellow ;  scutel  with  a  transverse  yellow  line ;  wings  brownish  ; 
pleura,  a  yellow  line  over  the  insertion  of  the  posterior  feet ;  feet 
yellowish,  thighs  dusky  or  black  at  base ;  posterior  thighs  black, 
with  a  yellow  spot  at  base  and  another  at  tip  on  the  exterior  side  ; 
posterior  coxae  testaceous  at  tip ;  tergum  with  three  nearly  equal 
bands,  and  an  oval,  longitudinal  spot  near  the  tip^  yellow ;  venter 
with  a  yellow  spot  each  side,  opposite  to  the  termination  of  the 
third  band  of  the  tergum.  [  328  ] 

9  Resembles  the  male,  but  the  bands  of  the  tergum 
are  more  dilated  than  those  of  the  male,  and  the  first  is  inter- 
rupted by  the  groove  of  the  oviduct;  the  second  band  is  reduced 
to  a  small  lateral  spot ;  the  yellow  spot  at  tip  is  divided  by  the 
groove  of  the  oviduct ;  the  venter  is  immaculate,  and  posterior 
thighs  are  piceous  on  the  inner  side. 

Length  rather  more  than  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  the  dorsigera  and  ffigas, 
but  more  particularly  to  the  former ;  it  is  much  smaller  than  the 
gigas,  and  differs  from  both  in  many  respects,  and  more  obviously 
in  the  circumstance  of  the  anterior  margin  of  the  collar  being 
black,  with  an  abbreviated  yellow  line  on  the  submargin. 

I  observed  this  species  running  actively  over  the  surface  of  a 


long's  second  expedition.  221 

rafter  in  a  barn,  very  busily  feeling  with  its  antennae  for  a  proper 
situation  to  deposit  its  eggs.  Having  found  a  suitable  place,  the 
insect,  after  some  exertion,  suddenly  disengaged  its  oviduct  from 
the  groove  and  valves,  and  gradually  thrust  the  instrument  into 
the  wood,  nearly  to  the  base;  then  having  for  a  short  time  re- 
mained at  rest,  probably  in  order  to  protrude  the  egg,  the  oviduct 
was  withdrawn,  adjusted  in  its  dorsal  groove;  and  the  insect  pro- 
ceeded again  as  before,  in  search  of  another  spot  suitable  for  its 
purpose.  I  could  not  ascertain  the  kind  of  larvae,  within  the 
wood,  that  received  these  eggs. 

PSILUS  Jur. 

P.  brevicornis. — Black,  polished,  immaculate;  tibiae  and 
tarsi  piceous. 

Inhabits  St.  Peter's  river. 

Antennae  short,  first  joint  much  elongated,  second  joint  longer 
than  the  remaining  ones,  which  are  subcylindric-quadrate;  [329] 
mandibles  pale  testaceous ;  thorax  convex,  rounded,  two  faint  im- 
pressed lines  each  side  behind  converging  to  the  scutel,  and  on 
the  posterior  margin  two  indistinct  dull  whitish  spots;  scutel 
elevated,  convex;  feet  dark  piceous;  thighs  nearly  black;  wings, 
costal  nervure  indistinct;  abdomen  depressed  fusiform,  acute  at 
tip. 

Length  more  than  one-twentieth  of  an  inch. 

BETHYLUS  Latr. 

B.  rufipes. — Black;  antennae  and  feet  rufous. 

Inhabits  North-West  Territory. 

Body  slender,  polished,  black;  mouth  rufous;  thorax  punc- 
tured; wing  joint  ochreous;  abdomen,  incisures  and  terminal 
segment  obscurely  piceous. 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

This  insect  is  also  an  inhabitant  of  Missouri. 

PROCTOTRUPES  Latr. 

P.  caudatus. — Pale  testaceous;  oviduct  as  long  as  the  ab- 
domen. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Head  with  a  blackish,  transverse   line  between  the  antennae; 


222  long's  second  expedition. 

thorax  and  scutel  impunctured;  wings  hyaline,  with  a  very  slight 
ochrebus  tinge,  stigmata  very  distinct,  and  with  the  costal  ner- 
vures  fuscous,  the  other  nervures  light  brownish,  the  process  of 
the  radial  nervure  continued  transversely  to  the  middle  of  the 
disk  of  the  wing,  is  not  only  extended  from  that  point  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  wing,  but  also  towards  the  base  of  the  wing,  ter- 
minating in  this  direction  at  the  first  transverse  nervure.    [330] 

Length  of  the  body  nearly  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  was  also  found  in  Missouri. 

HEDYCHRUM  Latr. 

1.  H.  ventrale.  Green  polished ;  tergum  tinged  with  blue ; 
antennae  blackish  at  tip;  venter  bronze. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Antennae,  excepting  the  first  joint,  blackish -b  rown ;  front  im- 
pressed ;  stethidium  with  dilated  punctures ;  thorax  in  the  mid- 
dle between  the  wings,  with  a  purplish  shade ;  wings  dusky, 
nervures  fuscous;  tarsi, excepting  the  basal  joint,  dark  brownish  ; 
tergum  passing  to  bluish-purple  towards  the  tip ;  tip  very  ob- 
tusely rounded,  terminal  segment  longer  than  the  preceding  one  ; 
venter  entirely  dull  bronzed. 

Length  more  than  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

2.  H.  dimidiatum. — Green  polished ;  posterior  half  of  the 
venter  bronze. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Antennse,  excepting  the  basal  joint,  and  palpi,  brownish-black  ; 
front  somewhat  impressed ;  vertex  between  the  stemmata  dark 
purplish ;  stethidium  with  dilated  punctures ;  thorax  longitudi- 
nally on  the  disk  dark  purplish  ;  wings  dusky,  nervures  fuscous; 
tarsi  dark  brownish  ;  tergum  longitudinally  in  the  middle  slightly 
tinged  with  bluish,  ultimate  segment  less  than  half  the  length  of 
the  preceding  one  ;  venter  green,  posterior  half  coppery. 

Length  nearly  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

From  the  collection  of  Mr.  William  Wood. 

MYRMOSA  Latr.  [331] 

M.  tjnicolor. — Black;  abdomen  with  cinereous  hair;  meta- 
thorax  with  an  impressed  line. 
Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 


long's  second  expedition.  22o 

Head  with  short  cinereous  hair,  somewhat  longer  about  the 
mouth  ;  densely  punctured;  thorax  and  scutel  densely  punctured, 
and  with  scattered,  cinereous  short  hair ;  posterior  segment  of  the 
former,  with  two  light  parallel  impressed  lines;  wings  hyaline, 
ncrvures  fuscous;  metathorax  with  a  longitudinal,  impressed, 
very  distinct  line;  and  a  transverse  one  at  base  ;  hair  more  ob- 
vious each  side;  punctures  smaller  than  those  of  the  thorax;  ab- 
domen more  hairy  than  any  other  part  of  the  body. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  insect  also  occurred  on  the  Missouri,  at  Engineer  Can- 
tonment, and  in  Pennsylvania. 

TIPHIA  Fabr. 

1.  T.  INORNATA. — Black,  immaculate;  wings  yellowish  fuli- 
ginous. 

Inhabits  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania. 

Head  punctured ;  antennae  piceous,  paler  towards  the  tip ; 
mandibles  piceous,  blackish  at  tip ;  thorax  punctured,  wing-scale 
and  posterior  margin  of  the  first  segment  impunctured,  edge  of 
die  latter  piceous ;  metathorax  with  three  longitudinal,  slightly 
elevated  lines ;  posterior  edge  also  slightly  elevated  into  an  acute 
line  ;  feet  hairy,  tibiae  and  tarsi  more  or  less  piceous  ;  abdomen, 
particularly  behind  hairy. 

Length  three-fifths  of  an  inch.  [332] 

2.  T.  interrupta. — Black,  stethidium  with  yellow  spots; 
terguni  with  yellow  spots  and  bands. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Antennae  dull  black-brown,  first  joint  polished,  piceous  at  tip; 
mandibles  piceous,  black  at  tip  ;  thorax  with  a  spot  each  side  be- 
fore, three  in  a  line  between  the  origin  of  the  superior  wings,  yel- 
low ;  scutel  with  a  yellow,  transverse  line ;  wings  hyaline,  costal 
margin  fuliginous ;  metathorax  at  the  tip  each  side  with  a  double 
longitudinal,  yellow  spot;  pleura  with  a  vertical,  yellow,  oblong 
spot  beneath  the  origin  of  the  superior  wing ;  tarsi  pale  piceous ; 
tibiae,  anterior  pair  blackish-piceous,  posterior  pairs  pale  piceous ; 
thighs  black  ;  tergum  a  little  iridescent ;  first  segment  with  a 
band  abruptly  and  widely  narrowed  above ;  second  segment  with 
an  oval  spot  each  side ;  third  segment,  band  gradually  narrowed 


224  long's  second  expedition. 

in  the  middle ;  fourth  and  fifth  segments,  bands  slightly  inter- 
rupted ;  venter  immaculate. 

Length  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

In  the  collection  of  Mr.  William  W.  Wood. 

This  species  would  seem  to  be  allied  to  the  serena,  judging  by 
the  description  that  Fabricius  gives  of  that  insect,  particularly 
as  he  describes  the  costal  margin  of  the  wings  to  be  fuscous. 
That  insect,  however,  is  stated  to  be  only  a  little  smaller  than 
the  namea  of  the  same  author,  a  size  which  at  once  puts  that 
species  out  of  the  question. 

POMPILUS  Fabr.  Latr. 

1.  P.  fascipennis. — Black ;  wings  hyaline,  with  a  fuscous 
band  near  the  tip ;  abdomen  rufous  at  base. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

9  Hypostoma  and  inferior  portion  of  the  front,  with  [333] 
numerous  silvery  hairs ;  wings  with  fuscous  nervures  ;  a  fuscous 
band  including  nearly  all  the  radial  cellule,  and  not  reaching  the 
posterior  angle;  tip  slightly  margined  with  fuscous;  posterior 
thighs  and  tibiae  at  base  rufous ;  abdomon  sessile,  first  and  second 
segments  rufous. 

Length  about  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

2.  P.  marginatus. — Black ;  wings  dusky,  with  a  broad, 
darker  posterior  margin ;  abdomen  sessile,  first  and  second  seg- 
ments rufous. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory  and  Missouri. 

9  The  terminal  dark  margin  of  the  wings  is  so  broad  as  to 
reach  almost  to  the  terminal  cubital  cellule,  and  passes  round  on 
the  costal  margin  to  the  origin  of  the  radial  cellule ;  on  the  in- 
ferior wings  is  also  a  broad,  terminal,  darker  margin. 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Very  similar  to  the  preceding,  but  manifestly  distinct  by  the 
above  characters. 

CEROPALES  Latr. 

1.  C.  pasciata. — Black;    thorax    and   tergum   spotted   and 
banded  with  pale-yellowish ;  feet  ochreous,  tarsi  pale  yellow. 
Inhabits  United  States. 
Front,  labrum,  and  orbits  yellow,  the  latter  interrupted  above ; 


lonq's  second  expedition.  225 

thorax  punctured  ;  anterior  margin,  a  spot  each  side  near  the  head, 
a  longitudinal,  abbreviated,  central  line,  yellow;  scutel  with  a 
spot  on  the  disk,  and  another  transverse  one  beneath  its  tip,  yel- 
low; wings  immaculate,  nervures  blackish;  pectus  with  a  yellow- 
ish spot  over  the  intermediate  and  another  over  the  posterior  feet ; 
coxae,  first  joint  with  a  dilated  yellow  line ;  posterior  feet  elongated ; 
terguni  [334]  polished ;  first  segment  with  a  rather  large  yellow 
spot  on  each  side,  angulated  before ;  second,  third,  fourth,  and 
fifth,  with  each  a  yellow  band,  slightly  interrupted  in  the  middle, 
and  at  its  termination  on  each  side  dilated  into  a  spot;  sixth 
segment  dull  ochreous ;  tail  piceous. 

Length  nearly  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  insect  has  considerable  resemblance  to  the  maculan'a 
Fabr.,  but  the  longitudinal  thoracic  line,  scutellar  spot,  the  form 
and  number  of  the  bands  of  the  terguni,  &c,  sufficiently  dis- 
guish  it.     It  is  more  especially  found  in  Missouri. 

2.  C.  ferruginea. — Ferruginous ;  wings  violet;  pleura  and 
metathorax  black. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

%  Antennae  beyond  the  third  joint,  gradually  shaded  into  fus- 
cous ;  mandibles,  the  two  teeth  black ;  thorax,  middle  segment 
with  a  black  anterior  margin  ;  posterior  segment  and  scutel,  black 
on  each  side;  wings  decidedly  violaceous;  posterior  coxae  at  base 
black;  terguni,  first  segment  at  base  and  tip,  and  second  seg- 
ment at  tip,  black. 

Length  less  than  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

3.  C.  bipunctata. — Black;  wings  dark  violaceous;  posterior 
thighs  bright  rufous  in  the  middle ;  a  small  yellow  dot  each  side 
at  the  tip  of  the  metathorax. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

%  Hypostoma,  labrum,  anterior  orbits,  and  line  on  the  basal 
joint  of  the  antennae  before,  yellow ;  mandibles  piceous ;  palpi 
pale ;  collar  yellow  on  the  posterior  margin,  and  with  the  thorax 
and  scutel  with  somewhat  distant  punctures;  wings  violaceous; 
posterior  thighs,  excepting  at  base  and  tip  bright  rufous. 

Length  from  one-half  to  three-fourths  of  an  inch. 
$  Hypostoma  and  labrum  black,  the  anterior  orbits  [335] 
only   yellow;     collar   destitute   of    the   yellow   margin  behind. 
Smaller  than  the  female. 

15 


226  long's  second  expedition. 

This  species  may  readily  be  distinguished  by  the  two  small 
bright  yellow  dots  at  tip  each  side  of  the  metathorax,  and  the 
bright  color  of  the  posterior  thighs.  It  varies  considerably  in 
size. 

BEMBEX  Fabr.,  Panz. 

B.  MONODONTA. — Black ;  tergum  with  dilated,  greenish-yellow 
bands. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Front  and  vertex  with  cinereous  hair ;  labrum  with  a  greenish, 
oblong,  margined  spot  each  side;  near  the '  base ;  thorax  hardly 
hairy,  anterior  edge  terminating  in  a  spot  on  the  pleura;  an 
oblique,  abbreviated  line  above  the  origin  of  the  wings,  termi- 
nating in  a  comma-formed  spot  behind,  greenish-yellow ;  meta- 
thorax, a  transverse,  rectilinear  line  at  base,  and  an  arcuated  one 
at  base,  slightly  interrupted  in  the  middle,  greenish-yellow ; 
thighs,  at  tip,  tibiae  and  base  of  the  tarsi,  pale  yellowish ;  tips  of 
the  latter  dusky;  a  dilated  black  line  near  the  tip  of  the  anterior 
tibiae ;  wings  hyaline ;  tergum  with  six  yellow  and  green  bands, 
which  occupy  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  surface;  first  band 
bilobate  before,  yellow,  with  a  broad  green  posterior  margin; 
remaining  bands  somewhat  dentated  before ;  the  second  and 
third  bands  yellow,  with  a  green  central  dash;  fourth  and  fifth 
bands  yellow,  their  anterior  margins  green ;  terminal  band  en- 
tirely yellow ;  venter  entirely  black ;  a  single  elevation  on  the 
second  segment. 

Length  %  half  an  inch. 

In  the  collection  of  Mr.  William  W.  Wood.  [336] 

MONEDULA  Latr. 

1.  M.  4-FASCIATA. — Black,  obscurely  iridescent;  tergum  with 
four  bands,  interrupted  and  narrowed  in  the  middle. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Antennae  with  the  basal  joint  beneath  yellow;  orbits  anteriorly, 
hypostoma  and  labrum,  yellow ;  the  latter  margined  each  side  with 
piceous,  and  the  hypostoma  has  a  more  or  less  dilated  black  spot 
above;  mandibles  blackish-piceous ;  thorax  with  a  capillary  line 
before ;  wings  hyaline,  slightly  fuliginous,  nervures  fuscous ; 
metathorax  at  tip  each  side  compressed  and  yellow ;  pleura  with 
a  whitish  spot  over  the  anterior  feet,  and  from  one  to  three  yel- 


long's  second  expedition.  227 

lowish  approximate  spots  above  the  middle ;  feet  pale  yellowish ; 
thighs  black  on  the  basal  two-thirds,  those  of  the  anterior  feet 
black  only  on  the  exterior  side ;  tergum  with  four  yellow  bands, 
dilated  on  the  sides,  and  gradually  narrowing  to  the  middle  of 
the  back,  where  they  are  slightly  interrupted,  the  terminal  one 
widely  interrupted;  two  terminal  segments  with  large  punctures 
each  side  and  at  base ;  venter  with  three  small  yellow  spots  each 
side  near  the  middle ;  %  with  an  obsolete  spot  each  side  on  the 
two  segments  beyond  the  bands,  and  the  anus  is  three-spined,  of 
which  the  lateral  ones  are  curved,  and  £  with  an  obsolete,  yellow- 
ish line  before  the  wing  on  each  side. 

Length  %  three-fifths,  9  nearly  seven-tenths  of  an  inch. 
This  species  is  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  "William  W.  Wood. 
The  hypostoma  of  the  male  specimen  is  occupied  by  the  black 
basal  spot,  excepting  on  its  anterior  margin.     The  bands  of  the 
abdomen  in  this  species  are  not  at  all  dentated. 

2.  M.  ventralis. — Black,  obscurely  iridescent ;  tergum  [337] 
with  about  five  yellow  bands,  interrupted,  but  not  narrowed  in 
the  middle. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

£  Orbits  anteriorly  obsoletely  tinged  with  dull  yellowish; 
antennae,  first  joint  beneath  yellow;  hypostoma,  labrum,  and 
mandibles  black ,  palpi  whitish ;  thorax  punctured ;  a  line  on  the 
anterior  edge,  with  a  spot  at  tip  on  the  pleura,  and  a  small,  longi- 
tudinal, oval  spot  each  side  above  the  inferior  wings,  yellow; 
scutel  with  a  transverse  yellow  line ;  metathorax  at  tip  each  side 
compressed  and  yellow ;  wings  hyaline,  very  slightly  tinged  with 
fuliginous  ;  nervures  fuscous ;  feet  yellowish ;  thighs  black  from 
the  base  to  near  the  knee,  first  pair  on  the  anterior  side  only  the 
basal  half  black ;  tergum  with  about  five  or  six  yellow  bands, 
which  are  rather  wider  on  the  back  and  interrupted  by  a  very 
narrow  space;  excepting  the  first  band  which  is  slightly  undulated, 
slightly  narrowed  on  the  back,  and  interrupted  by  a  wider  space ; 
the  ultimate  bands  narrowed  each  side  and  interrupted  near  a 
spot  on  the  lateral  margin ;  terminal  segment  with  large,  dense 
punctures,  as  numerous  on  the  disk  as  upon  the  sides ;  anus  three- 
spined,  of  which  the  lateral  ones  are  curved ;  venter  each  side 
with  a  triangular  spot  at  the  tip  of  each  of  the  dorsal  bands 
excepting  the  first. 


228  long's  second  expedition. 

Length  nearly  half  an  inch. 

I  have  not  seen  the  female,  the  male  is  in  the  collection  of  Mr. 
William  W.  Wood. 

ASTATA  Latr. 

A.  unicolor. — Deep  black,  immaculate ;  wings  dusky  at  tip. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory  and  Missouri.  [338] 

9  Head  with  rather  long,  silvery  hair ;  thorax  and  scutel  with 
remote  punctures,  the  former  with  a  very  slight  appearance  of 
longitudinal  lines  before,  the  latter  with  a  longitudinal  impressed 
line  at  tip,  metathorax  with  dense,  dilated  punctures ;  wings  hya- 
line, with  a  broad,  dusky  tip,  nervures  black ;  tarsi  piceous  :  ab- 
domen polished,  immaculate. 

Length  less  than  half  an  inch. 

OXYBELUS  Latr. 

0.  4-notatus. — Black ;  tergum  with  a  slight,  whitish,  abbre- 
viated line  on  each  side  of  the  first  and  second  segments. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Antennae  towards  the  tip  beneath,  stethidium,  immaculate; 
wings  hyaline,  nervures  brown ;  metathorax  and  scutel  each  with 
three  raised  lines,  two  superior  spines  of  the  former  whitish  at 
tip,  decurved ;  inferior  spine  larger,  black ,  tarsi  testaceous  at 
tip;  anterior  tibiae  testaceous  on  the  inner  side;  tergum  polished; 
lateral  abbreviated  line  of  the  first  segment  much  more  distinct 
than  that  of  the  second. 

Length  nearly  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

GOBYTES  Latr. 

G.  BIPTJNCTATUS. — Black,  collar  and  scutel  with  a  white  line ; 
tergum  with  two  white  spots. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Hypostoma  silvery  white;  basal  joint  of  the  antennae  before, 
exterior  base  of  the  mandibles  and  palpi,  white ;  line  of  the  collar 
capillary  of  the  scutel  broader,  abbreviated ;  [339]  wings  hyaline, 
nervures  fuscous ;  pleura  with  a  small  dot  before  the  wing ;  feet 
black ;  tibiae  sericeous,  white  on  the  exterior  base ;  tarsi  white ; 
tergum,  second  segment  at  tip  each  side  with  a  small  white  spot. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  corresponds  in  its  generic  characters  precisely  with 


long's  second  expedition.  229 

Arpactus  Jurine,  and  of  course  possesses  those  oblique  parallel 
lines  of  the  metathorax  which  Jurine  mentions  as  distinguishing 
this  genus. 

PEMPHREDON  Latr.  Fabr. 

1.  P.  concolor. — Black,  minutely  punctured;  metathorax 
with  dilated  punctures  ;  abdomen  glabrous. 

Inhabits  Xorth-west  Territory. 

Head  with  minute  pubescence,  more  distinct  on  the  front ; 
mandibles  obtusely  bifid  at  tip,  immediately  above  which  are  two 
obtuse  teeth ;  punctures  minute,  sparse  on  the  vertex ;  thorax 
with  a  slightly  impressed,  longitudinal  line,  from  which  proceed 
numerous,  minute  wrinkles,  curving  outwards  and  backwards, 
punctures  larger  than  those  of  the  head ;  wings  slightly  fuligin- 
ous, nervures  blackish;  metathorax  with  dilated  punctures,  or 
slightly  impressed  cavities ;  feet  somewhat  sericeous ;  abdomen 
polished,  impunctured  ;  petiole  moderate. 

Length  of  the  body  nearly  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  is  allied  to  P.  unicolor  Fabr. 

2.  P.  inornatus. — Black,  immaculate,  punctured ;  abdomen 
impunctured,  polished ;  petiole  nearly  one-third  the  length  of  the 
abdomen. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Wings  hyaline,  very  slightly  tinged  with  dusky,  the  [340]  first 
submarginal  cellule  receives  the  two  recurrent  nervures ;  nervures 
dark  fuscous  :  stigma  rather  large. 

Length  less  than  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

STIGMUS  Jur.  Latr. 

S.  eraternus. — Black,  antennae  and  feet  yellowish. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Body  deep  black,  polished,  not  obviously  punctured ;  mandi- 
bles and  palpi  whitish ;  wings  hyaline,  nervures  pale  brown, 
stigma  piceous-black,  whitish  at  base ;  origin  of  the  wings  yel- 
lowish ;  pleura  with  a  white  spot  rather  before  the  origin  of  the 
wings ;  feet  immaculate  ;  venter  whitish  at  tip. 

Length  rather  more  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  William  W.  Wood. 
It  is  closely  allied  to  the  ater  of  authors,  the  petiole  of  the  ab- 
domen, however,  is  proportionally  longer. 


230  long's  second  expedition. 


CRABRO  Fabr.  Latr. 

1.  C.  TIBIALIS. — Black,  polished ;  thoracic  line,  scutel,  knees, 
and  tibiae,  yellow ;  abdomen  with  piceous  incisures. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

9  Head  with  a  slightly  impressed  frontal  line,  extending  to 
the  steniniata;  antennae,  basal  joint  yellow;  hypostoma  silvery, 
brilliant ;  thorax  with  a  transverse,  yellow  line  on  the  collar,  not 
extending  to  the  postpectus ;  scutel  yellow ;  wings  hyaline ;  ner- 
vures  fuscous,  those  of  the  disk  pale  at  base ;  metathorax  slightly 
carinated  each  side  with  a  longitudinal,  impressed  line,  which  is 
a  little  dilated  beyond  the  middle,  and  a  slight  transverse  line  on 
the  middle;  [341]  pleura  immaculate;  tarsi  slightly  tinged 
with  testaceous ;  posterior  pair  entirely  black ;  abdomen  rather 
long,  blackish-piceous ;  incisures  edged  behind  with  pale-piceous, 
the  second  segment  above  margined  behind  with  pale-piceous. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

A  small  species  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  William  W.  Wood. 

2.  C.  scutellatus. — Black,  polished ;  thoracic  line,  scutel, 
knees,  and  tibiae,  yellow ;  abdomen  totally  black. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Length  9  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

This  species  closely  resembles  the  preceding,  but  is  smaller ; 
the  abdomen  proportionally  shorter,  and  entirely  black ;  the  yel- 
low line  of  the  collar  extends  to  a  yellow  spot  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  pleura ;  the  transverse  line  of  the  metathorax  is 
much  more  profoundly  indented,  and  a  transverse  punctured  line 
is  far  more  obvious  than  in  the  preceding ;  the  intermediate  and 
posterior  tibias  have  a  black  spot  near  the  tip. 

3.  C.  6-MACULATUS. — Black  ;  tergum  with  three  yellow  spots 
on  each  side. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

9  Antennae,  basal  joint  yellow;  mandibles  at  base  yellow > 
hypostoma  silvery,  brilliant;  thorax  with  a  yellow  band  on  the 
collar,  interrupted  in  the  middle  ;  two  parallel,  abbreviated,  trans- 
verse, ecpial,  yellow  lines  behind ;  wings  dusky ;  pleura  with  two, 
equal,  rounded,  yellow  spots,  one  of  which  is  beneath  the  supe- 
rior wing  and  the  other  before  it ;  thighs  black,  knees  yellowish ; 
tibiae  yellow  with  a  black  or  piceous  spot  on  the  inner  side ;  tarsi 


long's  SECOND   EXPEDITION.  2ol 

tinged  with  rufous ;  tergum  on  the  second,  fourth  and  fifth  seg- 
ments with  a  transversely  oval  spot.  [342] 
Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

4.  C.  trifasciatus. — Black  :  scutel,  two  spots  on  the  collar, 
base  of  the  antennae  and  lateral  spots  of  the  tergum,  yellow. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  with  numerous,  short  hairs;  hypostoma  silvery;  first 
joint  of  the  antennas  and  middle  of  the  mandibles,  yellow;  thorax 
punctured ;  collar  with  two  yellow  spots ;  scutel  yellow ;  meta- 
thorax  with  dilated,  confluent  punctures,  and  an  impressed  longi- 
tudinal line;  wings  fuliginous,  nervures  brown;  pectus  with  a 
yellow  spot  before  the  wings ;  feet  yellow,  thighs,  and  a  line  on 
the  inner  side  of  the  tibiae,  black ;  tarsi  dusky  at  tip ;  tergum 
polished,  impunctured ;  a  yellow  band  on  the  middle  of  the 
second  segment  interrupted  above :  a  short  yellow  line  each  side 
of  the  third  segment ;  a  yellow  band  on  the  fourth  segment, 
slightly  interrupted  above ;  a  yellow  band  on  the  fifth  segment, 
not  interrupted  but  only  slightly  emarginate  above ;  venter  im- 
maculate. 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch  nearly. 

PHILANTHUS  Fabr.  Latr. 

1.  P.  punctatus. — Black ;  head  and  thorax  with  yellow  spots; 
tergum  with  large  punctures  and  four  yellow  bands. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

%  Eyes  very  slightly  emarginate ;  a  longitudinal  line  each  side 
of  the  hypostoma,  a  triangular  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  anterior 
margin,  another  on  the  front,  a  small  rounded  spot  on  the  basal 
joint  of  the  antennae  before,  a  small  dot  each  side  on  the  vertex, 
and  another  behind  each  eye,  yellowish-rufous;  thorax  uneven, 
with  large  profound  punctures  :  a  line  on  the  collar,  another  on 
the  scutel,  before  [343]  which  is  a  smaller  one,  and  wing-scale, 
yellow ;  wings  fuliginous ;  pleura  with  a  double  yellow  spot  be- 
neath the  anterior  wing :  feet  honey-yellow,  thighs  black  at  base, 
tibiae  bright  yellow  before ;  tergum  rough  with  large  profound 
punctures ;  first  segment  rounded,  immaculate ;  second  with  a 
broad,  yellow,  slightly  arcuated  line,  touching  the  anterior  edge 
and  curving  towards  the  posterior  angles ;  third,  fourth  and  fifth 
segments,  each  with  a  narrow,  dull  yellow  band  on  the  posterior 
margin ;  venter  immaculate. 


232  long's  second  expedition. 

Length  less  than  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 
2.  P.  politus.     [Ante,  p.  113.] 

[CERCERIS  Latr. 

C.  deseeta. — Black ;  hypostoma,  feet,  and  bands  of  the  ter- 
gum, yellow.  [344] 

Inhabits   North-west   Territory,   Missouri,  and   Pennsylvania. 

%  Hypostoma  entirely  yellow ;  antennae  yellow  before,  dark 
brown  behind ;  collar  with  two  transverse  yellow  spots  ;  scutel 
with  a  transverse  line,  yellow ;  wings  hyaline,  brownish  on  the 
costal  margin  near  the  tip ;  feet  yellow ;  anterior  thighs  black  on 
the  posterior  middle,  intermediate  thighs  on  the  posterior  base 
and  posterior  thighs  at  tip,  black;  tergum,  first  joint  rounded 
with  a  spot  each  side ;  second  and  third  segments  with  each  a 
band  on  the  posterior  margins  slightly  and  widely  emarginate 
before,  remaining  segments  with  each  a  narrower  band  on  their 
posterior  margins,  yellow  j  venter,  three  or  four  first  segments 
with  each  a  lateral,  triangular,  yellow  spot. 

Length  more  than  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.  metathorax  with  a  yellow,  oblique  line  each  side  be- 
hind; first  joint  of  the  tergum  immaculate. 

Var.  /?•  metathorax  and  first  joint  of  the  tergum  immaculate; 
bands  of  the  tergum  excepting  the  first,  very  narrow,  linear ; 
ventral  spots  obsolete ;  feet  with  a  larger  proportion  of  the  black 
color. 

Var.  y.  a  small  yellow  spot  each  side  before  the  tip  of  the 
scutellar  line. 

EUMENES  Latr. 

1.  E.  fraterna. — Black  ;  hypostoma,  anterior  thoracic  mar- 
gin, scutellar  line,  posterior  submargins  of  the  segments  of  the 
tergum,  and  two  spots  on  the  second  segment,  yellow. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  polished,  punctured ;  hypostoma  emarginate,  and  with  a 
line  between  the  antenna?,  pale  yellow ;  antennae,  [345]  basal 
joint  with  a  whitish  line  before;  thorax  with  the  anterior  mar- 
gin somewhat  contracted  in  the  middle,  yellow  ;  scutel  yellow ; 
wings  fuliginous;  thighs  black,  yellowish  at  the  knee  joint;  tibiae 
whitish,  a  black  line  near  the  tip ;  tarsi  pale  yellowish,  dusky 
towards  the  tip;  tergum,  first  segment  with  a  subbidentate  yel- 


long's  second  expedition.  233 

low  band  on  the  posterior  margin ;  second  segment  with  a  yellow 
band  on  the  posterior  submargin  somewhat  sinuated  before,  and 
an  oval,  oblique,  yellow  spot  on  the  middle  of  each  side;  third  and 
fourth  segments  with  each  an  abbreviated,  whitish,  submarginal  line 
behind ;  venter  with  a  spot  at  tip  of  the  first  segment,  and  a  sub- 
marginal  band  on  the  second  behind. 

Length  from  nine-twentieths  to  more  than  three-fifths  of  an 
inch. 

Var.  a.  Spot  on  the  second  segment  of  the  tergum  elliptical. 

Yar.  /?•  A  pale  yellowish  spot  on  each  side  of  the  scutel,  and 
nearly  in  a  line  with  it. 

This  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  the  coarctata  Fabr.  of 
Europe,  but  the  whole  of  the  hypostoma  is  yellow,  the  line  be- 
tween the  antennae  being  only  a  process  from  it ;  there  is  no  yel- 
low point  beneath  the  wings ;  none  on  the  first  segment  of  the 
tergum;  and  the  bands  on  the  thiid  and  fourth  segments  are 
always  much  abbreviated,  never  extending  to  the  sides  or  upon 
the  venter. 

Like  the  coarctata,  this  species  constructs  for  each  of  its  eggs 
a  hollow  globe  of  earth,  with  a  short  ascending  neck,  the  rim  of 
which  is  sometimes  widely  outspread  horizontally ;  it  is  often 
built  around  a  twig  of  a  bush  for  support,  as  represented  by 
Degeer,  (Hist,  abregee  des  Insectes,  vol.  2,  pi.  16,  fig.  e.)  some- 
times the  nest  occurs  simply  attached  to  the  superior  page  of  a 
leaf.  The  egg  deposited  in  this  globe  in  June,  is  inclosed  with 
a  sufficient  supply  of  food,  [346]  consisting  of  the  larvae  of  some 
of  the  nocturnal  Lepidoptera.  Early  in  July  or  towards  the 
middle  of  that  month,  the  perfect  insect  makes  its  way  through 
the  side  of  its  dwelling.  The  form  of  the  first  segment  of  the 
abdomen  of  our  species,  is  similar  to  that  of  Schaeffer's  represen- 
tation of  his  Vespa  nona,  (Icon.  vol.  1,  pi.  53,  fig.  10,)  which  is 
proportionally  much  smaller  than  in  Degeer's  figure  of  the  coarc- 
tata. This  species  is  found  as  well  in  Pennsylvania  as  in  the 
North-west  Territory  snd  Missouri. 

2.  E.  verticalis. — Black ;  hypostoma  above,  anterior  tho- 
racic margin,  scutellar  line,  posterior  submargins  of  the  abdomi- 
nal segments,  and  spot  each  side  on  the  first  and  second  segments, 
yellow;  metathorax  with  a  vertical  spot  each  side  at  tip. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 


234  long's  second  expedition. 

This  species  differs  from  tlie  preceding  in  the  following  cha- 
racters ;  anterior  portion  of  the  hypostoma  with  a  deeply  trilobated 
black  spot ;  superior  wing-scale  rufous ;  a  small  yellowish  spot 
beneath  the  superior  wing,  and  a  yellowish  line  over  the  insertion 
of  the  inferior  wing ;  a  vertical,  oblong,  yellow  spot  each  side 
near  the  inferior  tip  of  the  metathorax;  a  small  spot  each  side 
on  the  first  segment  of  the  terguin,  and  the  yellow  margin  is  re- 
flected backwards  on  the  lateral  edge  for  a  short  distance  ;  the 
spot  of  the  second  segment  is  elongated,  and  the  bands  of  the 
third  and  fourth  segments  pass  round  the  venter.  Size  about 
equal  to  the  preceding,  and  seems  to  be  allied  to  the  pomjjtfonnis 
Fabr. 

3.  E.  ANORMls. — Black;  first  abdominal  segment  very  short 
and  dilated. 

Inhabits  St.  Peter's  river  and  Arkansa. 

%  Antennae  with  the  scapus  yellow  before  ;  hypostoma  attenu- 
ated, truncate  at  tip,  with  large,  longitudinal  punctures,  and  at 
base  a  transverse,  yellow,  arcuated  line,  a  [  347]  small  spot  on 
the  front,  another  in  each  emargination  of  the  eyes,  and  a  trans- 
verse one  behind  the  eyes  on  each  side,  yellow ;  thorax  densely 
punctured,  a  yellow  spot  on  each  side  of  the  collar;  wing-scale 
yellow,  with  a  pale-brown  spot;  wings  fuliginous;  scutel  with  a 
transverse  yellow  line ;  metathorax  on  each  lateral  margin  with 
an  oblique  yellow  line ;  pleura,  a  yellow  spot  under  the  superior 
wing ;  feet  yellow;  thighs,  except  at  the  knees,  and  spot  on  the  an- 
terior tibiae,  black ;  tergum,  segments  yellow  on  their  posterior 
margins,  first  and  second  segments  with  each  a  yellow,  lateral 
spot,  the  former  segment  short,  dilated,  not  pedunculiform;  ven- 
ter immaculate. 

Length  more  than  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Excepting  in  the  character  drawn  from  the  first  segment  of  the 
abdomen,  this  insect  has  a  general  similarity  to  the  preceding 
species,  and  the  form  of  the  anterior  portion  of  the  hypostoma 
and  the  trophi,  prove  that  this  species  is  properly  placed  in  this 
genus. 

PTEROCHILUS  Klug. 

P.  5-fasctatus. — Segments  of  the  tergum  yellow  on  their 
posterior  margins;  first  and  second  segments  with  a  lateral,  fer- 
ruginous spot  on  each. 


long's  second  expedition.  235 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory  and  Missouri. 

9  Head  black ;  dilated  posterior  orbits,  and  anterior  orbits  to 
the  eruargination  of  the  eyes,  ferruginous;  hypostoma,  scapus  of 
the  antennae  and  mandibles,  ferruginous ;  tip  of  the  former 
acutely  emarginate  in  the  middle ;  flagcllum  black-brown  ;  labial 
palpi  testaceous,  very  long,  ciliate  with  long  hairs,  three-jointed; 
terminal  joint  much  compressed,  flat,  obtuse  at  tip ;  stethidium 
black  ;  collar  and  wing-scale  ferruginous  ;  scutel  with  two  large 
yellow  [348]  spots;  mctathorax  with  a  transverse,  yellow  line, 
and  at  the  base  each  side  a  large  ferruginous  spot;  wings  a  little 
fuliginous;  pleura  with  a  yellow  spot  beneath  the  superior  wings  ; 
feet  ferruginous ;  terguin  black,  with  five  broad,  bright  yellow, 
somewhat  dentated  bands,  the  posterior  one  abbreviated ;  first 
and  second  segments  with  each  a  large  ferruginous  spot  on  each 
side  ;  venter  black,  ferruginous  at  base. 

Length  more  than  seven-tenths  of  an  inch. 

ODYNERUS  Latr. 

0.  ANNULATUS. — Segments  of  the  tergum  yellow  on  their  pos- 
terior margins ;  first  and  second  segments  with  a  lateral,  ferru- 
ginous spot  on  each. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory  and  Missouri. 

%  Head  black  ;  hypostoma  yellowish,  truncate  at  tip,  and  with 
a  small  denticle  each  side;  a  large  triangular  spot  on  the  front, 
front  of  the  scapus  of  the  anteunse,  mandibles,  and  anterior  or- 
bits to  the  bottom  of  the  eruargination  of  the  eye,  yellowish ; 
posterior  orbit  above  with  a  ferruginous  spot ;  antenna),  terminal 
joint  very  much  compressed,  ferruginous,  and  reflected  outward 
and  backward  on  the  two  preceding  joints;  stethidium  black; 
collar  and  wing  scale  ferruginous  ;  scutel  with  two  yellow  spots  ; 
metathoi'ax  with  a  transverse,  yellow  line,  and  at  the  base  each 
side  a  large  ferruginous  spot ;  wings  a  little  fuliginous  ;  pleura 
with  a  yellow  or  ferruginous  spot  beneath  the  superior  wings ; 
feet  ferruginous ;  tergum  black  with  six  broad,  bright  yellow 
bands  ;  first  segment  ferruginous  excepting  the  posterior  margin, 
with  a  black  spot  in  the  middle ;  second  segment  with  a  large 
ferruginous  spot  each  side,  in  which  is  a  smaller  yellow  spot; 
venter  black,  ferruginous  [349]  at  base ;  posterior  segments  with 
yellow  posterior  margins. 

Length  more  than  half  an  inch. 


236  long's  second  expedition. 

2  First  and  second  joints  of  the  antennae  ferruginous;  tergum 
with  five  yellow  bands  ;  first  and  second  segments  ferruginous, 
with  yellow  posterior  margins,  the  latter  segment  with  a  large  yel- 
low spot  each  side,  and  more  or  less  of  black  in  the  middle. 

Size  very  little  larger  than  the  male. 

The  very  striking  similarity  in  markings  between  this  species 
and  the  Pterochilus  b-fasciatus,  led  me  at  first  to  consider  it  the 
male  of  that  species,  but  having  several  specimens,  on  submitting 
them  to  a  more  accurate  inspection,  I  discovered  that  one  of  the 
number  is  a  female  nearly  corresponding  in  size  with  the  others, 
and  agreeing  with  them  in  the  form  of  the  termination  of  the  hy- 
postoma  and  in  the  ventral  bands,  which  specifically  distinguish 
this  species  from  that  just  mentioned. 

NOMIA  Latr. 

N.  ?  HETEROPODA. — Hairy,  blackish-fuscous  ;  wings  blackish  at 
tip;  posterior  tibia  much  dilated,  triangular;  terminal  joint  of 
the  antennae  compressed,  dilated. 

Inhabits  North-west  .Territory,  Arkansa,  and  Maryland. 

%  Body  blackish-fuscous,  with  cinereous  hair  ;  antennae  hardly 
as  long  as  the  thorax,  terminal  joint  compressed  and  dilated  on 
tht  inner  side,  subsecuriform ;  mandibles  unarmed ;  wings  slightly 
tinged  with  dirty  yellowish,  with  a  broad,  blackish,  terminal  bor- 
der, nervures  reddish-brown ;  intermediate  feet  with  the  thighs 
very  much  dilated,  compressed,  triangular,  first  joint  of  the  tarsus 
dilated,  and  compressed  before ;  posterior  feet  with  the  thighs 
[350]  dilated,  particularly  towards  the  tip;  tibia  remarkably  dilated, 
forming  a  rectangular  triangle,  much  compressed,  excepting  at 
the  inner  tip,  and  undulated  on  the  inner  side,  first  joint  of  the 
tarsus  elongated,  much  longer  than  the  tibia,  not  dilated,  densely 
ciliated  on  the  inner  side  with  equal,  fulvous  hair ;  venter  sparse- 
ly hairy ;  fourth  segment  divided  by  a  longitudinal  suture  in  the 
middle,  at  the  posterior  angles  prominent,  acute ;  fifth  segment 
short,  longitudinally  carinated  in  the  middle,  and  with  a  promi- 
nent tubercle  each  side  behind ;  sixth  segment  longitudinally 
divided  in  the  middle  by  a  suture. 

Length  seven-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  singular  insect  does  not  perfectly  correspond  in  character 
with  the  genus  under  which  I  have  placed  it,  and  it  disagrees 
still  more  with  the  neighboring  genera  as  defined  in  the  books. 


long's  second  expedition.  237 

PANURGUS   Panz. 
P.  8-maculatus — Black  j  tergum  with  four,  transverse,  yel- 
low spots  on  each  side. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

%  Hypostoma,  labrum,  mandibles  at  base,  inferior  part  of  the 
anterior  orbits,  yellow ;  antennae  brown,  yellowish  beneath  and 
bright  yellow  on  the  anterior  side  of  the  basal  joint;  thorax 
slightly  tinged  with  brassy,  a  small  yellow  point  each  side  on  the 
collar ;  pleura  with  a  yellow  spot  before  the  wings ;  wings  slight- 
ly dusky,  pale  at  base,  nervures  fuscous ;  feet  yellow,  middle  of 
the  thighs  and  posterior  middle  of  the  tibiae  blackisb ;  posterior 
feet  blackish-brown,  knees  and  base  of  the  thighs  yellow ;  tergum 
dark  brown,  four  first  segments  each  with  a  transverse,  yellow 
spot.  [351] 

Length  more  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

9  Hypostoma  with  three,  longitudinal,  yellow  spots,  of  which 
the  intermediate  one  is  longest ;  orbits  on  the  anterior  inferior 
portion  with  a  triangular  yellow  spot;  antennoe,  basal  joint  entire- 
ly black  :  spots  of  the  tergum  less  elongated  than  those  of  the  male ' 
and  the  feet  have  more  of  the  black  color. 

Length  rather  over  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

MEGACHILE   Latr. 

1.  M.  interrupta. — Thorax  surrounded  by  ferruginous  ;  ter- 
gum five  banded. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

%  Body  punctured,  above  glabrous  ;  head  black ;  antennae  first 
joint  at  base  and  third  and  fourth  joints  dull  rufous;  hypostoma, 
broad  frontal  orbits,  and  mandibles  at  base,  yellow ;  vertex  with 
a  ferruginous  band,  interrupted  in  the  middle  and  extending 
down  the  cheeks ;  labrum  rufous,  a  small  black  spot  at  base ; 
thorax  black,  surrounded  by  a  ferruginous  margin,  which  is  in- 
terrupted before,  and  passes  upon  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
scutel ;  wings  fuliginous  ;  pleura  with  cinereous  hair  beneath  the 
wings ;  feet  rufous,  tarsi  with  yellow  hair  ;  tergum  convex,  black, 
with  dilated,  obscure,  rufous,  scarcely  definite  bands,  five  in 
number,  on  each  of  which,  excepting  the  basal  one,  is  another 
yellow  band  emarginate  each  side  behind,  and  the  three  posterior 
ones   are   interrupted  in  the  middle;  anus  trilobated;  lobes  yel- 


238  long's  second  expedition. 

low,  intermediate  one  small ;  posterior  coxae  each  with  a  robust 
yellow  spine ;  venter  with  transverse  bands  of  long,  dense,  yel- 
low hair. 

Length  nearly  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

9  The  black  color  of  the  front  extends  down  upon  the  [352] 
middle  of  the  hypostoma  nearly  to  its  tip;  the  rufous  color  on 
the  basal  joints  of  the  antennae  is  obsolete;  labrum  black  on  the 
disk ;  mandibles  black,  excepting  a  small,  rufous  spot  at  base ; 
the  three  last  bands  of  the  tergum  are  destitute  of  any  rufous 
color  about  them  ;  venter  densely  covered  with  hair  :  mandibles, 
as  in  the  male,  three-toothed ;  posterior  coxae  unarmed. 

Length  about  the  same  as  the  male,  but  more  robust. 

2.  M.  emarginata. — Black;  a  band  on  each  abdominal  seg- 
ment, slightly  interrupted  in  the  middle,  and  emarginated  each 
side  before. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

9  Body  punctured,  above  glabrous;  head  with  a  small  yellow 
dot  each  side  of  the  vertex;  mandibles  five-toothed;  thorax  with 
a  small,  whitish  spot  before  the  wings ;  wing-scale  whitish,  with 
a  brown  spot;  a  whitish  spot  on  the  posterior  angles,  forming  a 
curve  with  two  whitish  spots  on  the  scutel ;  wings  hyaline,  ner- 
vures  fuscous  ;  feet  black,  a  dilated  whitish  line  on  the  exterior 
side  of  the  tibia,  tarsi  with  dull  yellowish  hair ;  tergum  convex,  a 
whitish  band  on  each  segment,  very  slightly  interrupted  in  the 
middle,  and,  excepting  the  first  one,  deeply  emarginated  each 
side  before,  the  terminal  segment  with  two  rounded  spots  instead 
of  a  band. 

Length  less  than  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

3.  M.  jtjgatoria. — Black ;  a  band  on  each  abdominal  seg- 
ment, interrupted  in  the  middle  and  entire  each  side. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

9  Body  punctured,  above  nearly  glabrous ;  head  with  a  yel- 
low line  on  the  superior  part  of  the  cheeks ;  hypostoma  with  a 
dilated,  }rellow  line,  which  extends  upon  the  anterior  orbits 
nearly  to  their  summit ;  thorax  with  a  widely  interrupted  line 
before,  extending  round  above  the  wings,  [353]  and  two  oblique 
lines  upon  the  scutel,  yellow ;  wings  fuliginous ;  feet  blackish, 
with  dull  rufous  joints,  and  tarsal  hair;  anterior  feet  before  dull 
rufous ;  tergum,  bands  yellow,  not  at  all  emarginated  each  side, 


long's  second  expedition.  239 

the  basal  band  widely  interrupted,  second  band  less  widely  inter- 
ruptedj  the  penultimate  one  hardly  interrupted,  the  ultimate  one 
entire. 

Length  about  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

That  these  three  species  are  congeneric  is  evident,  but  they  do 
not  correspond  in  all  respects  with  the  genus  Megachile  as  de- 
fined by  entomologists.  The  trophi  agree  very  well,  and  the 
form  of  the  nails  of  the  feet  in  the  two  sexes  are  also  similar,  but 
the  tergum  is  convex,  as  in  Oamia,  and  the  abdomen  curves  very 
much  downwards  towards  the  tip,  as  in  Stclis,  from  which  latter 
genus  they  differ  by  having  a  hairy  venter. 

CAELIOXYS  Latr. 

C.  8-dentata. — Black;  abdomen  with  five  white  bands,  tip 
eight-toothed. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

%  Front  and  hypostoma  with  dense,  long,  dull  yellowish  hair  ; 
thorax  with  a  dentated  band  before,  interrupted  in  the  middle,  a 
spot  at  the  base  of  the  wings  and  a  transverse  line  at  base  of  the 
scutel,  white  ;  wings  a  little  dusky  on  the  apical  margin  ;  feet 
rufous ;  tergum  with  five  white  bands,  of  which  the  two  or  three 
terminal  ones  are  double ;  segments  each  with  a  transverse  in- 
dented line  ;  tip  with  eight  teeth,  of  which  two  are  on  each  side, 
and  four  at  the  extremity  placed  two  above  and  two  beneath ; 
venter  with  a  white  line  on  the  posterior  margin  of  each  segment, 
the  basal  and  terminal  ones  obsolete.  [354] 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Yar.  a.  Spots  and  lines  of  the  thorax  obsolete ;  feet  excepting 
the  tarsi,  black. 

This  is  an  inhabitant  of  various  parts  of  the  United  States, 
from  the  North-west  Territory  to  Arkansa,  and  is  common  in 
Pennsylvania. 

NOMAD A  Fabr. 

N.  eisignata. — Terminal  half  of  the  wings  with  a  dusky 
margin ;  abdomen  rufous,  with  a  bright  yellow  spot  each  side  of 
the  middle. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

9  Head  ferruginous,  front  with  a  large,  black  spot,  confluent 


240  long's  second  expedition. 

with  another  transverse  one  on  the  vertex ;  occiput  and  throat 
black ;  antennas  blackish,  beneath  rufous ;  stethidiuni  black, 
varied  with  ferruginous,  and  like  the  head  rough  with  dense 
punctures ;  thorax  ferruginous,  with  a  longitudinal  black  line ; 
scutel  ferruginous ;  feet  rufous ;  thighs  black  at  base ;  wings 
dusky,  particularly  on  the  margin  of  the  terminal  half;  tergum 
rufous,  the  segments  on  their  posterior  margins,  and  the  basal 
segment  at  base  also  black  ;  second  segment  with  a  large,  lateral, 
yellow  spot,  and  a  slight  appearance  of  another  on  each  side  of 
the  third  segment. 

Length  rather  more  than  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  varies  in  having  the  thorax  black,  with  four  fer- 
ruginous lines. 

EPEOLUS  Latr. 

1.  E.  lunatus. — Tergum  with  two  opposite  lunules  on  the 
first  segment,  and  three  bands  on  the  other  segments.  [355] 

Inhabits  Missouri  and  Prairie  du  Chien. 

9  Body  black ;  front  with  a  whitish  spot  surrounding  the 
base  of  each  antennas ;  antennae  black-brown,  three  basal  joints 
and  labrum  ferruginous ;  thorax  with  two  abbreviated,  whitish, 
.  longitudinal  lines  before  the  middle,  a  pale  yellowish  line  on  the 
collar,  another  over  the  wings,  passing  round  behind  above  the 
scutel,  a  double  line  beneath  the  scutel,  and  an  oblique  sagittate 
spot  each  side  on  the  metathorax,  also  pale  yellowish ;  wings  a 
little  fuliginous  ;  feet  rufous ;  thighs  blackish  in  the  middle  ; 
tergum  velvet-black ;  first  segment  with  an  angulated  lunule  on 
each  side,  and  a  subterminal  band  on  each  side  of  the  three  fol- 
lowing segments,  of  which  the  first  is  very  slightly  interrupted ; 
terminal  segment  with  a  slight,  oblique,  cinereous  spot  on  each 
side. 

%  Anterior  half  of  the  thorax  with  much  of  the  pale  yellow- 
ish color ;  bands  of  the  tergum  larger  than  those  of  the  female 
and  one  more  in  number,  feet  nearly  all  blackish. 

Length  half  an  inch. 

Smaller  than  E.  i-fasciatus  nobis,  but  much  larger  than  E. 
mercatus  Fabr. 

2.  E.  scutellaris. — Thorax  surrounded  by  ferruginous ;  pos- 
terior spines  dilated. 


long's  second  expedition.  241 

Inhabits  Middle  States. 

9  Body  deep  black,  densely  punctured ;  front  with  a  white 
spot  surrounding  tbe  base  of  each  antennae  ;  antennae  black-brown, 
three  basal  joints  and  mandibles  rufous;  thorax  with  the  collar, 
obsolete  line  over  the  wings,  dilated  posterior  teeth  and  scutel, 
ferruginous  ;  wings  dusky  on  the  terminal  margin ;  feet  rufous ; 
tergum  black-brown ;  two  distant  bands  on  the  first  segment,  of 
which  the  first  is  obsolete,  and  the  other  is  interrupted  in  the 
middle,  second  [356]  and  third  segments  each  with  a  band  on 
their  posterior  margins,  pale  yellow ;  remaining  bands  indistinct. 

Length  from  three-tenths  to  nearly  seven-twentieths  of  an 
inch. 

Much  smaller  than  the  preceding,  and  about  equal  in  size  to 
E.  mercatus  Fabr.,  from  which  it  differs  by  various  characters, 
and  particularly  by  the  much  more  dilated  form  of  the  posterior 
thoracic  teeth.  During  rainy  or  windy  weather,  this  insect 
secures  itself  to  the  edge  of  a  leaf  or  to  the  small  branch  of  a 
bush,  by  its  mandibles,  retracts  the  feet  to  the  body,  and  projects 
the  antennae  forwards. 

ORDER  DIPTERA. 
ANOPHELES  Meig.  Wied. 

A.  4-mactjlatus. — Pale  brownish ;  wings  with  four  fuscous 
spots. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Thorax  dull  cinereous ;  two  oblique,  brown  lines  confluent  be- 
hind and  reaching  the  posterior  edge ;  a  broad,  lateral,  brown 
line  also  extending  the  whole  length  of  the  thorax;  wings  hyaline, 
the  nervures  hairy,  forming  two  blackish  spots  near  the  middle, 
placed  longitudinally ;  and  two  others  nearer  the  tip  on  the  bi- 
furcations of  the  nervures,  placed  transversely  ;  scutel  dull 
ochreous,  dusky  in  the  middle ;  feet  black-brown,  incisures  at 
tip  of  the  thighs  and  of  the  tibiae,  yellowish ;  tergum  whitish,  a 
little  varied  with  dusky. 

Length  ?  to  the  tip  of  the  wings  more  than  three-tenths  of  an 
inch.  ^  [357] 

Closely  allied  to  the  maculipcnnis  Hgg.  I  have  not  seen  the 
male.  Wiedemann  informs  me  that  my  Culex  punctipennis  is  a 
true  Anopheles,  an  observation  which  I  have  found  to  be  correct. . 

16 


212  long's  second  expedition. 

I  described  that  insect  in  the  year  1819,  before  any  account  of 
that  new  genus  had  reached  this  country,  otherwise  I  certainly 
should  have  adopted  it. 

LASIOPTERA  Meigen. 

L.  ventralis. — Body  blackish-brown;  antennas  18-jointed, 
hairy,  joints  subglobular,  rather  transverse,  and  placed  close  to 
each  other,  basal  joint  whitish  ;  thorax  and  terguni  immaculate-; 
feet  whitish,  exterior  side  of  the  tibiae  blackish  ;  tarsi  blackish, 
first  joint  very  short;  venter  whitish  in  the  middle;  wings  with 
a  narrow,  blackish,  costal  margin,  which  is  gradually  narrowed 
to  the  tip. 

?   Length  rather  more  than  one-twentieth  of  an  inch. 

I  caught  this  species  in  the  garden  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 

CBCIDOMYIA  Latr. 

C.  ornata. — Carneous  ;  wings  spotted. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Body  varies  in  color  from  a  very  pale  flesh  color  to  a  deep  red  ; 
antennae  and  feet  whitish  ;  wings  with  five  or  six  dusky  spots  oc- 
casioned by  the  greater  density  of  the  hair  of  the  surface  in  those 
parts. 

Length  to  the  tip  of  the  wings  nearly  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

This  is  most  probably  the  prettiest  species  of  the  genus ;  [358] 
it  occurred  on  a  window  in  Philadelphia  on  the  13th  of  Septem- 
ber. 

PSYCHODA  Latr. 

P.  alternata. — Wings  acute  at  tip,  with  a  small  black  spot . 
at  the  tips  of  the  nervures. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Body  pale  yellowish-white ;  abdomen  dusky ;  wings  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acute  at  tip,  cinereous  with  an  obsolete  pale  band  on 
the  middle  and  base ;  the  alternate  nervures  of  the  posterior 
margin  at  their  tips  and  the  tips  of  the  nervures  of  the  anterior 
margin  with  a  black  spot;  spots  of  the  posterior  margin  more 
distinct. 

Length  to  the  tip  of  the  wings  more  than  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 


long's  second  expedition.  243 

A  very  common  little  insect,  even  in  Philadelphia.  It  may 
be  readily  distinguished  from  other  species  by  its  more  acute 
wings,  as  well  as  by  the  arrangement  of  the  spots  and  bands, 
however  obsolete,  which  exist  on  these  organs. 

LIMNOBIA  Meig. 

L.  argus. — Yellowish-white  ;  head  black ;  wings  ocellate  and 
marbled  with  blackish. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Antennae  moniliform  ;  thorax  pale  yellow-piccous,  whitish  near 
the  neck ;  wings  hyaline,  with  a  double  series  of  large,  pupilatc 
ocellae,  those  near  the  tip  confused ;  ultimate  nervure  furcate ; 
poisers  fuscous,  at  tip  white ;  coxae  whitish ;  thighs  annulate 
with  black  near  the  tip. 

Length  %  9  more  than  three-tenths  of  an  inch.  [359] 

To  this  species  the  name  of  occllata  would  perhaps  be  more 
appropriate  than  it  is  to  the  Linnaaan  species  of  that  name,  inas- 
much as  in  the  latter  the  ocellae  are  epupilate.  It  is  a  very 
pretty  insect,  and  exhibits  much  singularity  in  the  arrangement 
of  the  nervures  of  its  wings,  the  penultimate  and  ultimate  ner- 
vures  being  connected  by  a  transverse  nervure  which  arises  from 
the  tip  of  the  latter.  In  other  respects  the  distribution  of  the 
nervures  are  similar  to  that  of  the  hifasciata  Fabr.  Wied. 

[This  is  identical  with  the  European  L.  anmdata  Linn. 
(L.  imperialis  Loew ;  conf.  Linn.  Ent.  5,  tab.  2,  fig.  15).- — 
Sacken.] 

TIPULA  Linn.  Meig. 

T.  maculatipennis. — Cinereous ;  thighs  black  at  tip,  wing? 
dusky  with  white  spots. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Antennse  yellowish,  incisures  of  the  joints  dusky;  palpi  black- 
ish ;  thorax  with  two  brown,  dorsal  lines,  which  are  confluent  on 
the  anterior  margin,  attenuated  behind,  and  abbreviated  behind 
the  middle ;  a  lateral  line  slightly  interrupted  in  its  middle,  and 
hardly  reaching  the  anterior  or  posterior  margins ;  scute!  dull 
honey -yellow,  with  a  black  line;  wings  dusky,  with  a  black 
carpal  spot  margined  with  white,  three  or  four  white  spots  along 
the  central  nervure,  and  about  as  many  near  the  termination  of 
the  ultimate   nervure;   poisers  white,  dusky   at   tip;    abdomen 


244  long's  second  expedition. 

blackish ;  incisures  edged  with  whitish ;  thighs  with  a  very  ob- 
vious blackish  tip. 

Length  to  tip  of  the  wing  ?  seven-tenths  of  an  inch. 

PTYCHOPTERA  Meig. 

P.  4-fasciata. — Wings  hyaline,  with  four  brown  bands. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania.  [365] 

Head  and  thorax  blackish-brown ;  antennae,  palpi,  mouth,  and 
hypostoma,  except  near  the  base  of  the  antennae,  whitish ;  wings 
with  four  brown,  subequidistant  bands,  of  which  the  third 
reaches  the  inner  margin  and  the  others  are  abbreviated ;  pleura, 
pectus,  and  feet,  yellowish  white;  the  incisures  of  the  latter 
dusky. 

Length  to  the  tip  of  the  wings  nearly  half  an  inch. 

This  species  is  infested  by  a  parasite  of  the  genus  Ocypete. 
It  occurred  in  June. 

TRICHOCERA  Meig. 

T.  SCUTELLATA. — Dark  fuscous ;  scutel  whitish. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Palpi  blackish;   thorax    slightly  tinged  with  livid;   anterior 
angles   and   neck  segments  dull  yellowish-piceous ;    scutel  dull 
whitish ;  wings  immaculate,  whitish  at  base ;  poisers  white,  with 
a  fuscous  capitulum ;  coxae,  and  thighs  at  base,  dull  yellowish. 
Z  9  Length  of  the  body  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Taken  in  September  at  the  Falls  of  Kakabikka,  beyond  Lake 
Superior.  The  posterior  margin  only  of  the  scutel  is  dull  yel- 
lowish-white in  the  male.  This  species  seems  to  be  closely  allied 
to  T.  parva  Meig. 

PLATYURA  Meig. 
Ceroplattjs  Bosc,  Fabr. 

P.  fascipennis. — Thorax  yellowish;  wings  with  a  blackish 
subterminal  band. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Head  yellowish ;  disk  of  the  vertex  black ;  thorax  immacu- 
late ;  wings  hyaline,  with  a  blackish  band  near  the  [  361  ]  tip, 
hardly  reaching  the  inner  edge,  and  margined  with  an  obsoletely 
whiter  color  than  the  other  parts  of  the  wing ;  poisers  color  of 
the  thorax ;  coxae  and  thighs  whitish ;  tergum  blackish-testace- 


long's  second  expedition.  245 

ous ;  venter  blackish,  segments  dull  yellowish  on  their  posterior 
and  lateral  margins ;  abdomen  slender  at  base,  gradually  diluting 
behind. 

9  Length  rather  more  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

The  wing  nervures  are  arranged  as  in  P.  baumhaueri  Meig. 
It  is  probably  closely  allied  to  the  earbonaaria  of  Bosc,  which, 
however,  is  described  to  be  altogether  of  the  same  form  as  the 
tlpuluiJes  Bosc,  to  have  a  black  thorax  and  obscure  feet;  whereas 
ours  is  a  much  more  slender  insect  than  the  tipuloides  as  repre- 
sented by  Coquebert. 

SCIOPHILA  Hgg. 

1.  S.  PALLIFES. — Brownish-black,  with  gray  short  hairs  ;  an- 
tennae and  feet  whitish. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Antennae  (at  least  the  two  basal  joints)  yellowish-white ;  tho- 
rax with  numerous  scattered,  short,  gray  hairs,  which  are  fewer 
in  number  and  more  prominent  behind;  wings  dusky;  poisers 
elongated,  yellow- white,  at  base  dusky;  feet  yellow-white;  abdo- 
men with  numerous  prostrate,  short,  gray  hairs. 

%  Length  to  tip  of  the  wings  nearly  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

The  nervures  of  the  wings  correspond  with  those  of  S.  hirta 
Hgg- 

2.  S.  littoralis. — Pale  yellowish ;  thorax  trilineate  ;  abdo- 
men fasciate  with  fuscous ;  feet  dusky  at  tip. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Vertex  and  a  line  extending  down  between  the  antennas  upon 
the  hypostoma,  blackish  ;  antennas  dusky,  two  basal  [362]  joints 
yellowish ;  thorax  with  a  double,  brown,  middle  line,  attenuated 
and  abbreviated  behind,  and  a  brown  approximate  line  on  each 
side  abbreviated  before ;  a  small  fascicle  of  hairs  beneath  each 
wing,  and  a  dusky  spot  over  the  insertion  of  each  foot;  wings 
immaculate  ;  poisers  yellowish-white ;  abdomen  slender  at  base, 
gradually  dilating  towards  the  tip,  dull-yellowish,  hairy;  inci- 
sures and  tip  dusky ;  feet  dull-yellowish,  towards  their  tips 
dusky. 

Length  of  the  body  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

I  obtained  this  species  on  the  rocky  coast  of  Lake  Superior,  in 
a  thicket  of  small  bushes.     The  nervures  of  the  wings  corres- 


246  long's  second  expedition. 

pond  with  those  of  Asindidum  punetatum  Latr.,  excepting  that 
the  second  nervure  is  not  at  all  connected  with  the  first  nervure, 
but  curves  downward  at  tip  and  enters  the  intermediate  cellule 
before  the  middle,  and  the  ultimate  and  penultimate  abbreviated 
nervures  are  distinct ;  it  is  a  much  smaller  species  than  the  fasciata 
nob.,  the  nervures  of  which  agree  better  with  the  preceding  spe- 
cies, but  its  connecting  nervure  from  the  second  nervure  enters 
the  intermediate  cellule  at  the  middle. 

3.  S.  hirticollis. — Yellowish-white;  thorax  hairy;  tergum 
black,  with  pale  yellowish  bands. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Head  black ;  hypostoma,  mouth  and  trophi  whitish ;  antennas 
black-brown,  the  four  basal  joints  yellow,  with  a  dark  brown  spot- 
above  on  the  third  and  fourth ;  thorax  with  rather  numerous, 
somewhat  long,  black  hairs ;  three  dilated,  brownish-livid  lines, 
the  intermediate  one  abbreviated  and  attenuated  behind,  and  the 
lateral  ones  attenuated  before ;  wings  a  little  dusky,  the  inter- 
mediate cellule  appearing  to  the  eye  like  a  small,  black  spot ; 
poisers  whitish ;  pleura  with  a  brownish-livid  spot  over  the  in- 
termediate and  posterior  feet;  feet  dusky  towards  the  tip,  the 
coxse  [363]  with  strong,  black  hairs  on  the  exterior  side  and  tip  ; 
tergum  black,  with  black,  rather  long  hairs ;  segments  with  broad, 
yellowish  hind  margins  ;  tip  black. 

Length  of  the  body  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

The  wing  nervures  resemble  those  of  S.  littoralis  nob.,  but  the 
abbreviated  nervures  are  very  strongly  marked;  the  second  ner- 
vure is  connected  with  the  first,  and  by  a  transverse  nervure  with 
the  intermediate  cellule  opposite  to  the  middle ;  the  cellule  is 
also  connected  with  the  central,  furcate  nervure,  by  a  nervure  as 
perfectly  transverse  as  that  of  S.  vitripeyinis  Meig. 

4.  S.  bifasctata. — Dark  yellowish ;  wings  bifasciate. 
Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Head  black ;  antennae  fuscous ;  hypostoma  yellow,  near  the 
antennas  blackish ;  palpi  whitish  at  base,  dusky  towards  the  tip  ; 
thorax  honey -y ellow ;  two  oblique,  black  lines  confluent  behind, 
and  not  reaching  the  posterior  margin ;  a  black  line  above  each 
wing,  joining  on  the  posterior  margin  and  meeting  the  oblique 
lines  at  the  anterior  angles ;   wings  hyaline  with  two  blackish 


long's  second  expedition.  247 

bands  more  obvious  at  the  costal  margin,  one  of  which  is  near 
the  middle,  widely  inteiTupted  on  the  disk,  and  the  other  near 
the  tip ;  metathorax  black ;  feet  white-yellow  at  base,  dusky 
towards  the  tip. 

Length  to  tip  of  the  wings  nearly  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

A  large  and  handsome  species.  The  wing  nervures  agree  with 
those  of  Arindulum  jwmctatum  Latr.,  excepting  that  the  second 
nervure  is  continued  a  short  distance  beyond  its  transverse  ner- 
vure,  which  latter  enters  the  intermediate  cellule  at  the  basal 
angle. 

5.  S.  obliqua. — Pale  yellowish;  thorax  four  lined;  tergum 
t'asciate. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory.  [364] 

Head  black;  hypostoma  and  base  of  the  antennae  yellow; 
thorax  with  two  oblique,  fuscous  lines  confluent  at  the  mid- 
dle of  the  base;  and  a  dilated  fuscous  line  each  side,  much  ab- 
breviated before  and  hardly  reaching  the  basal  edge;  wings 
slightly  tinged  with  dusky,  immaculate ;  poisers  white ;  feet 
white,  dusky  towards  the  tip ;  tergum,  segments  with  blackish 
posterior  margins ;  last  segments  entirely  blackish ;  anal  segment 
yellow. 

Length  %  nearly  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

The  wing  nervures  are  arranged  altogether  like  those  of  Asin- 
dulum  punctatum  Latr.  Closely  allied  to  S.fasciata  nobis,  but 
may  be  distinguished  by  the  narrow,  oblique  lines  of  the  thoracic- 
disk. 

LEIA  Meig. 

L.  ventralis. — Deep  black,  polished ;  wings  fasciate  near  the 
tip,  feet  yellowish. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Head  a  little  hairy ;  palpi  and  three  basal  joints  of  the  an- 
tennas yellowish;  remaining  joints  of  the  latter  fuscous  ;  thorax 
with  sparse  hairs ;  a  whitish  humeral  spot ;  wings  hyaline  with 
a  dusky  band  near  the  tip,  which  does  not  reach  the  thinner 
margin,  and  a  dusky  tinge  or  line  between  the  ultimate  and 
penultimate  nervures ;  poisers  with  a  fuscous  capitulum  and 
yellowish  stipes  ;  feet  yellowish-white ;  tarsi  dusky;  tergum  hairy; 
venter  pale  yellowish. 


248  long's  second  expedition. 

$  Length  of  the  body  nearly  three-twentieths  of  an  inch,  to 
tip  of  the  wings  more  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  the  bimaculata  Meig.,  with 
which  it  also  corresponds  in  the  position  of  the  stenimata  and  the 
arrangement  of  the  wing  nervures,  even  to  the  dislocation  of  the 
superior  branch  of  the  inferior  furcate  nervure.  [365] 

MYCETOPHILA  Meig. 

1.  M.  sericea. — Head  and  thorax  sericeous;  the  latter  dusky, 
margined  with  yellowish. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Head  blackish,  with  a  yellowish  sericeous  gloss ;  antennae 
fuscous,  two  basal  joints  and  palpi  yellowish  ;  thorax  sericeous, 
blackish  on  the  disk,  dull  yellowish  each  side  and  on  the  anterior 
edge ;  wings  immaculate,  nervures  fuscous ;  poisers  and  feet  yel- 
lowish-white ;  tarsi  and  spines  fuscous,  the  latter  half  the  length 
of  the  first  tarsal  joint;  coxae  yellowish-white,  with  a  few  short, 
black,  rigid  hairs  on  the  exterior  sides  and  tip,  particularly  the 
anterior  pair ;  abdomen  compressed,  dusky  above ;  sides  dull  yel- 
lowish on  the  tips  of  the  segments. 

%  9  Length  to  tip  of  the  abdomen  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

The  wing  nervures  are  arranged  as  in  M.  faaciata  Meig.,  ex- 
cepting that  there  are  three  abbreviated  nervures,  as  in  M.  late- 
ralis of  the  same  author. 

2.  M.  mactjlipennis. — Yellowish ;  thorax  trilineate  ;  wings 
three-spotted. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  pale  yellowish ;  vertex  dusky ;  thorax  with  a  double 
fuscous  line  attenuated  and  abbreviated  behind,  but  near  the 
middle  j  and  a  larger  line  on  each  side  abbreviated  before,  con- 
fluent behind,  extending  upon  the  scutel ;  a  spot  of  the  same 
color  above  the  insertion  of  the  wings ;  pleura  with  about  two 
dusky  spots,  one  over  the  insertion  of  each  of  the  posterior  feet ; 
wings  with  three  blackish  spots  on  the  costal  margin,  of  which 
one  is  on  the  middle ;  the  second  much  beyond  the  middle,  obso- 
letely  extended  into  an  undulated  band ;  the  third  is  near  the  tip ; 
feet  [366]  dusky  at  tip  and  on  the  posterior  thighs  near  the 
knees ;  tergum  with  blackish  bands. 

Length  of  the  body  nearly  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 


long's  second  expedition.  249 

A  very  pretty  species ;  the  wing  nervures  are  like  those  of 
M.faaeiata  Meig.  The  antennae  in  my  specimen  are  deficient. 
Found  on  the  coast  of  Lake  Superior  in  a  thick  growth  of  bushes. 

SCIARA  Meig. 
Molobrus  Latr. 

1.  S.  atrata. — Entirely  deep  black,  polished,  immaculate  ; 
wings  dusky,  iridescent ;  nervures  dark  fuscous ;  poisers  black ; 
thorax  in  a  particular  light  somewhat  pruinose;  abdomen  opaque, 
with  short  black  hairs ;  spines  of  the  tibia  rather  longer  than  the 
transverse  diameter  of  the  tibia. 

Inhabits  North-west  territory. 

%  Length  to  tip  of  wings  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

The  nervures  of  the  wings  agree  with  those  of  S.  thomse,  Fabr. 
This  seems  to  be  very  closely  allied  to  S.  nigra  Wied.,  an  in- 
habitant of  South  Carolina,  but  the  thorax  in  a  particular  light 
exhibits  a  grayish  reflection,  a  character  which  Wiedemann  attri- 
butes to  the  antennae  only  in  his  species.  The  antennae  are  de- 
ficient in  my  specimen. 

2.  S.  polita. — Deep  black,  polished ;  poisers  whitish  ;  feet 
yellowish  at  base. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  with  numerous  short  hairs  which  are  slightly  sericeous; 
eyes  without  interval  above  the  antennae ;  wings  dusky,  pale  yel- 
lowish at  base ;  poisers  whitish ;  feet  dusky  towards  the  tip  ; 
coxae  and  thighs  yellowish-white. 

9   Length  of  the  body  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

The  abdomen  and  thorax  are  both  highly  polished.  [367  ] 

3.  S.  fraterna. — Deep  black,  polished ;  abdomen  black-brown, 
opaque  ',  base  of  the  poisers,  and  feet  pale  yellowish. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Antennae  dark  fuscous,  with  dense  grayish  hair ;  eyes  in  con- 
tact above  the  antennae ;  thorax  polished  ;  wings  dusky,  pale  yel- 
lowish at  base  ;  poisers  with  a  yellowish  scapus  and  fuscous  capit- 
uluni ;  feet  dusky  towards  the  tip ;  abdomen  fuscous,  opake. 

9  Length  of  the  body  one-tenth  of  an  inch,  %  smaller. 

4.  S.  exigua. — Black  ;  thorax  piceous  at  the  anterior  angles  ; 
poisers  whitish  at  base ;  feet  whitish,  dusky  at  tip. 


250  long's  second  expedition. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

'  Antennas  fuscous,  with  dark  gray  hairs  ;  wings  a  little  dusky 
nervures  fuscous ;  poisers  elongated,  whitish,  capitulum  fuscous  ; 
abdomen  fuscous,  opaque. 

*  Length  of  the  body  one-twentieth  of  an  inch. 

V  A  little  larger,  with  the  base  of  the  feet  and  of  the  poisers  of 
u  darker  shade  than  those  of  the  male. 

SCATOPSE. 

S.  atrata. — Deep  velvet  black;  tarsi  pale;  tip  of  the  an- 
tennas abruptly  compressed. 

Inhabits  Pennsplvania. 

Body  hardly  polished  and  nearly  opaque,  immaculate ;  poisers 
color  of  the  body ;  wings  hyaline ;  marginal  nervures  but  little 
more  than  half  the  length  of  the  wing,  fuscous  ;  furcate  nervure 
attaining  the  tip  ;  below  the  furcate  nervure  are  two  parallel  ner- 
vures which  do  not  reach  the  margin ;  beneath  the  latter  is  the 
ordinary  undulated  nervure. 

I  obtained  several  specimens  which  were  crawling  on  the  glass 
of  a  window,  in  September,  in  Philadelphia.  The  [  368  ]  ner- 
vures of  the  wings  differ  somewhat  from  those  of  the  S.  notata, 
Linn.  Meig. ;  the  marginal  nervures  do  not  approach  so  near  the 
tip  of  the  wing,  and  instead  of  a  single  nervure  between  the  forked 
nervure  and  the  undulated  nervure,  as  in  the  notata,  this  species 
has  two. 

BIBIO   Latr.    Meig. 

B.  thoracica. — Black ;  thighs  rufous. 

Inhabits  East  Florida. 

Body  black,  somewhat  polished ;  thorax  bright  yellowish-ru- 
fous, with  a  small  black  spot  on  each  side  of  the  scutel ;  collar, 
scutel,  and  metathorax  black ;  spines  of  the  anterior  tibiae  pice- 
ous,  the  exterior  one  much  larger ;  wings  fuscous ;  the  fourth 
marginal  nervure  abbreviated,  and  not  attaining  to  the  inner  mar- 
gin. 

Length   2   two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  is  a  very  large  and  fine  species.  On  the  thorax  is  some- 
times an  obsolete  brown  line. 


long's  second  expedition.  251 


BEIIIS  Latr. 


B.  viridis. — Bright  green ;  terguin  black-brown  ;  venter  pale  ; 
ieet  yellowish. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Head  brassy-green  polished ;  antennae  obscure  yellowish, 
brownish  at  tip  j  proboscis  and  palpi  whitish;  stethidium  green, 
polished  j  scutel  with  four  yellowish  spines ;  wings  hyaline  ;  stig- 
mata large,  fuscous  ;  nervures  fuscous,  those  of  the  costal  margin 
anterior  to  the  stigmata  whitish;  central  areola  destitute  of  an 
abbreviated  nervure,  two  nervures  passing  off  from  the  tip,  and  a 
third  from  very  near  its  base  ;  poisers  white;  feet  pale  yellowish, 
tarsi  dusky  at  [369]  tip,  posterior  tibiae  fuscous  at  tip ;  tergum 
black-brown,  incisures  and  lateral  edge  yellowish;  venter  pale  yel- 
lowish, dusky  at  base. 

Length  to  the  tip  of  the  wings  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

This  species  seems  to  be  allied  to  the  tibialis  of  Europe,  but 
the  posterior  tibia  are  not  very  obviously  clavated,  the  central 
cellule  of  the  wings  is  destitute  of  the  small  abbreviated  nervure, 
and  the  inferior  of  the  three  nervures  which  .radiate  from  this 
cellule  issues  out  very  nearly  from  its  base,  and  not  from  the 
inferior  middle  as  in  that  species. 

ODONTOMYIA  Meig.  Latr. 

0.  VERTEBRATA. — Black ;  abdomen  white,  with  dorsal  black 
dpots. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Mouth  deep  black,  pale  within;  hypostoma  with  an  elevated 
testaceous  knob  ;  antennae  deep  black,  terminal  joint  beneath 
dusky  testaceous  ;  thorax  blackish,  with  hardly  perceptible  hairs  ; 
scutel  dull  testaceous,  black  at  base ;  tip  a  little  hairy ;  spines 
horizontal,  white ;  wings  white ;  poisers  white,  with  a  whitish- 
glaucous  capitulum  :  feet  yellowish-white  ;  abdomen  subquadrate, 
much  depressed,  white  ;  tergum  with  a  series  of  large  black  spots 
almost  connected  together. 

Length  £  rather  more  than  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

COENOMYIA  Latr.  Meig. 

C.  pallida.     [Ante  p.  42.] 


252  long's  second  expedition. 

THEREVA   Latr.  [370] 

T.  frontalis. — Black;  thorax  with  two  yellow  vittae  ;  ter- 
gurn  annulate  with  yellow. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Head  beneath  with  white  hair ;  antennae,  proboscis,  and  palpi 
black  ;  front  and  vertex  dusky  yellowish,  with  a  large,  deep  black, 
glabrous,  polished,  transverse,  undulated  spot ;  thorax  black,  with 
two  yellow  lines,  or  yellow  with  three  black  lines ;  wings  hyaline, 
tinged  with  dull  yellowish ;  nervures  fuscous,  slightly  margined, 
and  with  a  carpal  spot ;  scutel  yellowish,  with  a  dusky  basal  spot ; 
tergum  glabrous,  polished,  the  posterior  margins  of  the  segments 
bright  yellow,  wider  upon  the  sides ;  pleura  and  pectus  glaucous, 
the  latter  hairy;  poisers  whitish;  with  a  blackish  capitulum;  feet 
black ;  tibia  excepting  at  tip  dull  testaceous ;  venter  cinereous, 
changeable,  second  and  third  segments  with  yellowish  posterior 
margins. 

Length  more  than  half  an  inch.  [  371  ] 

ANTHRAX  Latr. 

1.  A.  ALCYON. — Wings  brown,  a  hyaline  spot  near  the  middle, 
another  at  tip  in  which  are  two  curved  brown  lines. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  black,  with  pale  fulvous  hair ;  head  yellowish-white, 
hairs  above  the  antennae  black ;  tip  of  the  hypostoma  prominent, 
and  with  black  rigid  hairs  ;  antennae  black,  basal  joint  yellowish 
with  black  hairs  ;  vertex  black  ;  occiput  with  a  very  profoundly 
impressed  line  above  ;  scutel  piceous ;  wings  dusky,  pale  brown 
on  the  disk,  an  obsolete,  small,  subhyaline  spot  between  the  mid- 
dle and  the  base ;  a  large,  subtriangular,  hyaline  spot  near  the 
middle,  a  small  portion  of  which  is  cut  off  by  a  nervure ;  tip  with 
a  large,  subquadrate-oval,  hyaline  spot,  the  two  arcuated  ner- 
vures that  pass  across  this  spot  are  margined  with  blackish ;  cen- 
tral cellule  widely  bilobated  at  tip,  lobes  equally  approaching  the 
inner  margin,  a  nervure  passes  from  between  the  lobes  to  the 
edge  of  the  wing,  an  abbreviated  nervure  passes  from  the  lobe 
nearest  the  base,  half  way  to  the  inner  margin,  and  another  ner- 
vure connects  this  lobe  with  the  third  nervure  so  as  to  form  an 
additional  cellule;  feet  yellowish;  tarsi  black;  venter  pale,  two 


long's  second  expedition.  253 

last  segments  black  on  the  disk ;  tergum  with  blackish  hair  on 
the  incisures. 

Length  nearly  eleven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  seems  to  approach  nearest  to  Wiedemann's  fifth 
tribe,  though  the  additional  cellule  will  justify  its  being  placed 
apart ;  we  observed  it  frequently  on  St.  Peter's  river  and  on 
Red  river. 

2.  A.  tegminipennis. — Black  with  pale  fulvous  hair  ;  wings 
brownish-black,  immaculate.  [372] 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Head  yellowish-white  below  the  antennae  ;  hypostoma  promi- 
nent, with  a  few  rigid  black  hairs'  at  tip ;  antennae  black,  basal 
joint  whitish,  with  black  hair ;  front  dull  fulvous;  vertex  black; 
wings  entirely  brownish-black,  without  spot;  feet  pale  rufous; 
tarsi  black ;  tergum  with  black  hairs  at  the  incisures,  which  on 
the  side  alternate  with  the  fulvous  ones,  but  more  distinctly  so 
near  the  tip. 

Length  from  nine-twentieths  to  half  an  inch. 

This  species  belongs  to  Wiedemann's  fifth  tribe. 

8.  A.  fulvianus. — Black,  covered  equally  with  pale  yellow- 
ish hair ;  wings  hyaline,  with  a  narrow,  brown,  costal  margin. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Head  with  dull  yellowish,  short  hairs,  intermixed  with  black 
ones  on  the  front  and  hypostoma ;  thorax  densely  hairy  ;  wings 
hyaline,  interval  between  the  two  nervures  of  the  costal  margin, 
and  base  to  the  first  transverse  nervure,  light  brown ;  feet  black, 
sericeous,  with  yellowish-fulvous  hair,  intermixed  with  black 
hairs  ;  tergum  covered  with  dense  hair,  without  any  intermixture 
of  black  hairs,  and  without  any  fasciated  appearance ;  venter 
each  side  behind  with  hairs  of  a  brighter  fulvous  tint  than  the 
others. 

Length  more  than  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Allied  to  A.  hottentota  Fabr. 

Belongs  to  the  fifth  tribe  in  Wiedemann's  arrangement.  It  is 
common  on  St.  Peter's  river,  at  Pembina,  &c.  It  is  closely 
allied  to  alternata  nob.  in  the  characters  of  the  wing,  but  there  is 
no  sign  of  fascia  on  the  tergum,  nor  of  alternating  black  fascicles 
of  hair  on  the  sides.     The  color  of  the  hair  on  the  last  segments 


254  long's  second  expedition. 

of  the  venter  is  sometimes  ferruginous,  but  it  is  always  of  a 
deeper  tint  than  that  of  [  373  ]  other  parts  of  the  body.  It 
seems  to  vary  in  size,  I  have  a  specimen  less  than  one-fourth 
smaller. 

4.  A.  fascipennis. — Black,  slightly  hairy ;  wings  varied  with 
blackish  and  hyaline. 

Inhabits  Red  river  of  Winnepeek. 

Body  deep  black,  hairs  sparse,  very  short,  ferruginous ;  head 
with  black  short  hairs  above,  and  between,  the  antennae ;  sides 
of  the  mouth  whitish  ;  hypostoma  with  dull,  yellowish-ferruginous 
hairs ;  posterior  orbits  with  silvery  hair  ;  thorax  with  long  hairs 
before  the  wings ;  scutel  margined  with  piceous ;  wings  with  a 
wide,  blackish-brown  costal  margin  from  which  proceed  two 
oblique  bands  ;  the  basal  one  is  dilated  and  attains  the  thinner 
margin,  on  which  it  extends  from  the  middle  of  the  basal  curve 
of  the  wing  to  the  extremity  of  the  first  and  second  nervures ; 
the  second  band  is  irregularly  arcuated  and  is  abbreviated  near 
the  thinner  margin  where  it  terminates  in  the  form  of  a  hook  : 
on  the  costal  margin  near  the  tip  is  an  oblique  spot  connected 
with  the  costal  colored  margin ;  poisers  fuscous ;  capituluni 
white  at  tip  ;  tergum  with  the  second  and  third  segments  obso- 
letely  piceous  each  side ;  venter  whitish  at  base ;  feet  dusky  ; 
tibia  pale. 

Length  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

This  species  coincides  with  the  third  tribe  in  Weidemann's  ar- 
rangement of  this  genus.  It  is  small,  and  the  wings  are  prettily 
variegated.  The  specimen  I  obtained  is  remarkably  destitute  of 
hair. 

5.  A.  costata. — Black;  wings  hyaline,  with  a  black  costal 
margin,  and  small  anastomosis  in  the  middle. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  deep  black,  with  very  short,  sparse,  sericeous  hairs  ; 
thorax  with  the  lateral  hairs  longer  and  pale  yellowish-rufous  ; 
wings  hyaline,  with  a  blackish  costal  margin  bounded  [374]  by 
the  fourth  nervure  as  far  as  the  middle,  where  it  is  abruptly  con- 
tracted so  as  to  be  included  by  the  first  apical  nervure  for  a 
short  distance,  when  it  is  gradually  contracted  so  as  to  be  in- 
cluded by  the  two  costal  nervures ;  anastomosis  near  the  centre 


long's  second  expedition.  255 

of  the  wing,  blackish;  feet  black;  poisers  fuscous,  capitul 
whitish. 

Length  more  than  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

The  disposition  of  the  wing  nervures  of  this  species  corres- 
ponds with  that  of  the  fifth  tribe  in  Wiedemann's  arrangement. 

LAPHRIA. 

1.  L.  posticata. — Black;  thorax  and  before  the  tip  of  th< 
tergum  covered  with  yellow  hair. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Antennae,  hair  of  the  vertex  and  of  each  side  of  the  antennae, 
black ;  long  hair  beneath  the  antenna?  yellowish  ;  hair  of  the 
cheeks  long,  white ;  thorax  covered  with  yellow  hair,  immacu- 
late ;  pleura  and  pectus  black,  the  latter  with  long  whitish  hair 
between  the  feet ;  poisers  yellowish-white ;  wings  dusky ;  tergum 
blued-black,  polished,  with  black  hairs  each  side  ;  two  last  seg- 
ments and  posterior  margin  of  the  preceding  segment  covered 
with  yellow  hair ;  venter  polished,  immaculate. 

Length  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

2.  L.  flavicollis. — Black;  wings  dusky;  hair  of  the  head 
and  thorax  yellow. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory- 
Head  with  long  yellow  hairs,  and  a  few  black  ones  over  the 
mouth;  proboscis,  antennae,  and  palpi  black,  the  latter  with 
hairs ;  thorax  thickly  clothed  with  yellow  hair,  immaculate  : 
wings  dusky;  nervures  fuscous;  poisers  [375]  dark  reddish- 
brown  ;  feet  with  black  hair ;  a  few  pale  hairs  on  the  basal  half 
of  the  thighs,  and  many  about  the  origin  of  the  feet ;  tergum 
black,  with  a  slight  shade  of  blue,  polished,  and  with  black 
hairs. 

Length  more  than  half  an  inch. 

This  species  resembles  the  thoracica  Fabr.,  but  may  be  dis- 
tinguished by  the  color  of  the  hair  of  the  head  ;  it  is  also  a 
smaller  insect,  with  a  more  slender  form. 

ASILUS. 

A.  abdominalif. — Black;  hypostoma  silvery;  tergum  fulvous 
in  the  middle. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 


256  long's  second  expedition. 

Head  rather  small;  antennae  elongated,  second  joint  very 
small ;  hypostonia  bright  silvery  j  mystax  sparse,  rigid,  black ; 
thorax  with  minute  black  hairs,  and  a  few  longer  ones  on  the 
margin ;  wings  broad,  black ;  tergum,  segments,  excepting  the 
basal  one  and  two  terminal  ones,  reddish  fulvous. 

Length  more  than  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

The  styles  of  the  antennae  being  lost  in  the  specimen,  I  am 
not  certain  that  this  species  is  correctly  arranged  when  placed  in 
this  genus.  It  will  not  agree  with  Dioctria,  as  the  antennae  are 
perfectly  sessile,  nor  with  Dasypogon,  as  the  basal  joint  of  the 
antennae  is  nearly  four  times  the  length  of  the  second  joint.  The 
rectilinear  posterior  tibiae  will  not  authorize  its  reference  to  La- 
phria.  The  appearance  of  the  pectus  and  the  adaptation  of  the 
feet  are  precisely  as  in  Asilus.  In  the  arrangement  of  the  wing 
nervures  it  agrees  with  Wiedemann's  first  tribe. 

[Wiedemann  has  changed  the  name  to  Aeacus  because  the  in- 
sect belongs  to  Dasypogon,  and  Say  had  already  described  another 
under  the  same  specific  name,  (Discocephala  abdominalis  Say, 
Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  50).  The  present  species  belongs  to 
Stenopogon. — Sacken.] 

HEMERODROMIA  Hgg.  [376] 

H.  stjperstitiosa. — Whitish ;  thorax  with  a  broad,  blackish, 
brown  vitta ;  tergum  with  a  broad  black  vitta,  which  is  crenate 
on  its  edges. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Antennae,  proboscis,  and  front  white ;  occiput  and  inferior  part 
of  the  head  blackish-brown,  in  some  parts  slightly  sericeous ; 
eyes  chestnut-brown  ;  thorax  with  a  broad  vitta,  which  is  paler 
in  the  middle  and  occupies  the  greater  portion  of  its  surface ; 
wings  hyaline  ;  poisers  white ;  scutel  dusky,  with  a  paler  margin ; 
tergum,  the  broad  vitta  is  very  deeply  crenated  on  its  edges,  and 
is  often  separated  into  a  series  of  large  spots  by  the  incisures  ', 
beneath  white. 

Length  nearly  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  the  H.  oratoria  Fall. 
The  disposition  of  the  nervures  is  the  same  with  those  of  that 
species,  but  the  oratoria  is  said  to  have  only  a  line  on  the  thorax 
in  place  of  a  vitta,  to  have  the  abdomen  all  dark  brown,  and  the 
tip  of  the  posterior  tibia  brown. 


long's  second  expedition.  257 


SARGUS  Latr.  Meig. 

1.  S.  decorus. — Front  blue;  thorax  green ;  terguni  greenish 
golden  ;  feet  pale  yellow. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania  and  East  Florida. 

Hypostonia  and  vertex  blackish ;  proboscis  yellow ;  antenna) 
dusky  yellowish  ;  third  joint  darker ;  frontal  tubercles  with  a 
white  reflexion ;  wing  dusky,  stigma  distinct;  poisers  pale  yel- 
low ;  pleura  blackish-piceous ;  feet  yellow ;  posterior  tarsi  dusky ; 
abdomen  slender,  widest  at  tip,  gradually  [377]  attenuated  to 
the  base,  and  with  pale  yellowish-brown  hair. 

Length  about  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  the  S.  auratus  Meig. 
Fabr.,  but  it  is  smaller,  and  the  feet  are  dissimilar;  it  may,  how- 
ever, prove  to  be  a  variety  of  that  species. 

2.  S.  dorsalis. — Black,  eyes  brassy,  with  a  green  line ;  feet 
white,  tibiae  and  tarsi  above  blackish. 

Inhabits  Kentucky. 

Stemmata  approximate  on  the  vertex ;  eyes  brown,  when  re- 
cent brassy-green  tinged  with  red  or  purplish,  a  broad,  green, 
longitudinal  line  across  the  middle ;  antennas  whitish  at  base ; 
feet  white ;  tarsi  black  at  the  tip ;  anterior  and  posterior  tibiae 
black  above ;  wings  dusky  nervures  deep  brown,  carpus  distinctly 
marked  by  an  oblong,  opake,  brown  spot ;  abdomen  oval,  mid- 
dle of  the  two  or  three  basal  segments  of  the  tergum  and  venter 
whitish. 

Length  of  $  one-fifth  of  an  inch,  %  rather  less. 

The  male  is  very  similar  to  the  female,  but  is  a  little  smaller. 

This  species  is  allied  to  the  genus  Vappo  Latr.,  by  the  ner- 
vures of  the  wings,  the  nervure  between  the  three  which  radiate 
from  the  central  joint  being  altogether  wanting,  but  the  second 
joint  of  the  antennas  resembles  that  of  a  Sargus,  the  third  joint 
is  deficient  in  my  specimen.  In  general  form  it  resemble  S.  po- 
lity* Linn. 

[Is  a  Beris  according  to  Wiedemann. — Sacken.] 

PARAGUS  Latr. 

P.  4-fasciatus. — Black;  tergum  with  four  yellow  bands; 
costal  margin  of  the  wings  fuscous. 

17 


258  long's  second  expedition. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Head  pale  yellowish;  hypostorna  slightly  impressed  with  a 
black  line,  and  another  dilated  black  line  descends  [  378  ]  from 
the  black  vertex  and  includes  the  superior  portion  of  the  tuber- 
cle of  the  antennas  ;  mouth  each  side  black ;  antennas  blackieh- 
piceous,  basal  joint  and  seta  paler ;  second  joint  decidedly  longer 
than  the  first ;  eyes  with  two  yellow  bands  of  which  the  anterior 
one  is  irregular;  occiput  black,  with  a  cinereous  orbital  line  ; 
thorax  with  four  yellow  spots  on  the  anterior  margin;  an  obso- 
lete, yellowish,  curved  line  above  the  wings  terminating  an- 
teriorly in  a  transverse,  whitish  spot  on  each  side  of  the  centre ; 
an  angulated  yellow  line  behind ;  pleurce  with  two  yellow  spots 
placed  vertically  ;  scutel  edged  with  yellow ;  wings  hyaline,  a  fus- 
cous costal  margin,  ferruginous  at  base  and  gradually  dilated  to- 
wards the  tip ;  poisers  white  ;  feet  white  ;  anterior  pair  with  the 
anterior  half  of  the  thighs  and  tibiae  and  all  the  tarsi  black  ;  in- 
termediate pair  with  the  tip  of  the  thighs,  of  the  tibiae,  and  all  the 
tarsi  pale  rufous,  posterior  pair  hairy  beneath,  with  a  tooth  near 
the  tip  and  posterior  half  black;  tarsi  and  tip  of  the  tibise  pale 
rufous,  the  latter  arcuated  ;  tergum  with  a  band  near  the  base, 
somewhat  narrowest  in  its  middle ;  another  narrower  one  on  the 
middle  and  two  near  the  tip  a  little  broader  in  their  middles, 
yellow;  venter  with  about  three  distant,  narrow,  yellow  bands, 
of  which  the  middle  one  is  sometimes  fulvous. 

Length  less  than  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  insect  does  not  altogether  agree  with  the  characters  of 
the  genus  in  which  I  have  placed  it,  inasmuch  as  the  hind  thighs 
are  toothed,  the  hind  tibias  arcuated,  and  the  terminal  joint  of 
the  antennas  is  oval  and  not  elongated.  It  disagrees  with  Miles la 
in  the  elongated  first  and  second  joints  of  the  antennas,  and  with 
Pipiza  in  the  length  of  the  palpi,  and  but  for  the  character  of 
the  antennas,  I  should  certainly  refer  it  to  the  genus  Milesia. 

[Macquart  has  placed  this  insect  as  a  new  genus  Mixternyia . 
— Sacken.] 


OURCULIONIDES.  269 


Descriptions  of  North  American  Curcnlionides  and  an  arrangement  of  some 
of  our  known  species  agreeably  to  the  method  of  Schoenherr.*  July  183! . 

BRUCHUS    Fabr. 

1.  B.  4-mactjlatus,  F.  Oliv. — Fabricius  sayB  it  inhabits  the 
island  of  Santa  Cruz,  and  Olivier  says  it  is  from  Carolina.  The 
only  individual  I  have  seen  was  found  by  Mr.  Barabino  at  New 
Orleans. 

Olivier  gives  its  length  at  three-twentieths  of  an  inch.  The 
present  specimen  is  considerably  over  one-tenth,  but  is  less  than 
three-twentieths. 

2.  B.  obtectus. — Dusky ;  base  and  tip  of  the  antennae  feet 
and  abdomen  obscure  rufous. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Body  above  blackish ;  with  prostrate,  somewhat  dense,  dull 
yellowish  hairs  :  antennae  gradually  thicker  to  the  tip,  basal  half 
and  terminal  joint  dull  rufous,  second  joint  nearly  as  long  as  the 
third  :  thorax  with  numerous,  distant  punctures ;  elytra  immac- 
ulate, the  striae  distinct ;  apical  margin  obsoletely  rufous  ;  beneath 
black,  with  prostrate  hair;  feet  dull  rufous;  posterior  thighs 
somewhat  dilated,  beneath  blackish  with  a  tooth  near  the  tip  and 
about  two  small  ones  nearer  the  tip  ;  abdomen  dull  rufous,  immac- 
ulate. 

Length  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

3.  B.  triangularis. — Black ;  elytra  with  a  triangular  band, 
in  which  is  a  black  spot  each  side. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

*I  am  greatly  indebted  to  this  distinguished  naturalist  for  his  able 
work  the  "  Dispositio  Methodica  Curculionidum"  as  well  as  for  a  know- 
ledge of  several  unpublished  genera  of  this  family  ;  my  thanks  are  also 
due  to  Germar  who  has  kindly  furnished  me  with  his  ' '  Coleopterorum 
species  novae  aut  minus  cognitae  descriptionibus  illustrate, "  in  which 
many  new  genera  are  instituted. 

[The  very  unnatural  classification  of  Schonherr  has  left  this  family 
in  such  an  unsatisfactory  condition  so  far  as  regards  the  identification 
of  genera,  that  I  have  not  yet  attempted  a  critical  study  of  our  species. 
My  notes  on  this  paper  therefore  will  be  meagre  and  more  imperfect 
than  in  other  portions  of  the  work. — Lbc.] 


260  CURCULIONIDES. 

Body  black ;  antennae  rufous  at  base ;  thorax  transverse ; 
elytra  with  slender,  deep,  punctured  striae ;  a  common,  large  tri- 
angular white  band,  connected  along  the  suture  with  the  white 
scutel  and  attenuating  to  the  lateral  edge ;  in  the  middle  on  each 
side  of  the  suture  is  a  black  dot ;  posterior  thighs  with  a  spine, 
beyond  which  are  two  smaller  spines. 

Length  nearly  three-twentieths  of  an  inch.  [  2  ] 

Readily  distinguished  by  the  common  white  triangular  band  of 

the  elytra  marked  by  two  black  spots.     I  had  three  specimens 

from  Mexican  seeds  of  the  size  of  those  of  Palmetto,  but  concave 

within. 

3.  B.  mimus. — Brown,  varied  with  black  lines  and  cinereous. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  light  brown,  variegated  :  antennae  pale  rufous :  thorax 
much  narrowed  before,  with  two  interrupted,  elevated,  black  lines 
and  one  or  two  on  each  side  ;  base  rather  prominent  at  the  scutel ; 
scutel  whitish  apparently  bifid  :  elytra  with  black  spots  and  ab- 
breviated lines,  which  have  a  whitish  spot  at  their  anterior 
tip  ;  a  light  brown  line  curves  inwards  from  the  humerus  and 
passes  along  the  third  interstitial  line  towards  the  tip ;  beneath 
dusky  or  blackish  :  feet  pale  rufous ;  posterior  thighs  blackish 
beneath  with  several  minute  spines  and  four  or  five  larger  ones 
near  the  tip  :  posterior  tibiae  blackish,  subfasciate  beyond  the  mid- 
dle :  podex  yellow. 
"  Length  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

5.  B.  oculatus. — Brown;  posterior  thighs  three  or  four- 
toothed. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

Body  elongated,  pale  brown,  covered  on  every  part  with  short 
prostrate,  dense  hair  :  head  on  the  front  dusky,  with  a  slight  cu- 
preous tinge ;  much  dilated  orbits  cinereous ;  tip  of  the  'labrum 
piceous  :  antennae  fuscous  :  four  basal  joints  honey -yellow ;  tho- 
rax with  a  hardly  obvious,  dorsal,  pale  line  :  elytra  with  acute 
striae,  which  have  distant  punctures  rather  short :  anal  segment 
but  little  oblique,  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  elytra ;  feet 
honey-yellow  :  posterior  thighs  near  the  tip  with  about  four  teeth, 
of  which  the  first  is  most  prominent. 

Length  one  fifth  of  an  inch. 


CURCULIONIDES.  201 

The  anal  segment  is  more  nearly  horizontal  than  any  species  I 
have  seen. 

6.  B.  obsoletus. — Blackish,  varied  with  cinereous  hair. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  blackish  cinereous,  with  a  slight  tinge  of  brown  :  anten- 
nae not  deeply  serrate  :  thorax  much  narrowed  before,  [  3  ]  cin- 
ereous each  side,  a  slight  impressed  dorsal  line ;  base  with  the 
edge  almost  angulated,  central  lobe  almost  truncate ;  scutel  quad- 
rate, whitish,  longitudinally  divided  by  a  dusky  line ;  elytra  with 
the  interstitial  lines  having  a  slight  appearance  of  alternating 
whitish  and  dusky ;  on  the  middle  of  the  third  interstitial  line  is 
a  more  obvious  abbreviated  whitish  line  :  posterior  thighs  with  a 
black  spine,  and  two  smaller  ones. 

Length  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

The  whitish  or  cinereous  markings  are  not  very  striking ;  on 
the  elytra  they  may  sometimes  be  traced  into  two  obsolete  macu- 
lar bands.  I  obtained  many  specimens  from  the  seeds  of  an 
Astragulus  in  August,  in  company  w'\t\i_Apion  segnipes  nob. 

7.  B.  musculus. — Blackish  with  cinereous  hair ;  antennae  and 
feet  rufous. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  blackish-cinereous,  with  a  slight  tinge  of  brown,  or  black 
with  cinereous  hair :  labrum  piceous :  antennas  rufous  at  base 
and  tip,  piceous  in  the  middle :  thorax  rather  long,  narrowed  be- 
fore, somewhat  cinereous  each  side,  and  on  a  dorsal  line ;  basal 
edge  lobed  at  the  scutel :  scutel  quadrate  cinereous,  with  a  dusky 
line ;  elytra,  third  interstitial  line  with  an  abbreviated  cinereous 
line  on  its  middle ;  feet  rufous ;  anterior  thighs  at  base,  interme- 
diate .pair  to  the  middle,  black ;  posterior  -thighs  with  a  spine, 
and  three  close  set  smaller  ones  distant  from  it,  and  with  their 
tibiae  black. 

Length  less  than  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  obsoletus  nob.,  but  is  a  little  smaller,  and  the  ru- 
fous antennas  and  feet  distinguish  it. 

8.  B.  transversus. — Black,  with  cinereous  hair;  interstitial 
spaces  with  transverse  black  lines. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 
Body  black,  more  or  less  covered  with  cinereous  hair ;  head 


262  CURCULIONIDES.  • 

black :  antennae  rufous :  thorax  transverse,  widely  rounded  before, 
with  a  scutellar  lobe :  scutel  subquadrate  with  a  dusky  line : 
elytra,  interstitial  spaces  interrupted  by  transverse  black  lines  : 
feet  rufous :  posterior  thighs  black  at  base,  armed  with  a  spine 
near  the  tip. 

Length  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

ANTHRIBUS  F.  Sch.  [4] 

Subgenus  Tropideres  Sch. 

1.  A.  cornutus. — Thorax  with  five  tubercles. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Head  white:  mandibles  piceous:  antennas  rufous,  clava  fuscous  : 
rostrum  moderate  :  eyes  distant :  thorax  with  two  fascicles  of 
erect  hairs  on  the  anterior  edge,  and  three  larger  ones  placed 
transversely  on  the  middle ;  elytra  somewhat  variegated,  with 
several  fascicles  of  erect  hairs  on  the  interstitial  lines  ;  and  a 
white,  double,  common,  transverse  spot  before  the  middle ;  feet 
hairy. 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

[This  is  A.  coronatus  Sch. — Lec] 

Subgenus  Phaenithon  ?  Schbn.] 

2.  A.  brevicornis. — Antennse  short;  scutel  and  alternate 
spots  on  the  elytra,  whitish. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

Body  black-brown  :  head  covered  with  prostrate  whitish  hair : 
antennae  hardly  longer  than  the  head,  fuscous ;  thorax  with  a 
transverse  elevated  subbasal  line,  rectilinear  in  the  middle,  ar- 
quated  each  side,  reflected  at  the  posterior  angles,  and  termi- 
nating at  the  lateral  middle :  scutel  white  :  elytra  striated  :  inter- 
stitial spaces  convex,  with  alternate  blackish  and  whitish  spots ; 
humerus  prominent,  and  a  prominence  on  the  middle  of  the 
base  :  feet  obscure  piceous. 

Length  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

The  tip  of  the  club,  exhibits  the  appearance  of  a  fourth  joint, 
which  however  is  much  smaller  than  the  others;  the  eyes  are 
emarginate.  These  characters  justify  the  formation  of  a  distinct 
subgenus. 


CURCULIONIDES.  263 

ATTELABUS  F.  Sch. 

A.  pubescens  nob.  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Vol.  5,  p.  252. 
A.  Rhois  Bohcman  Acta  Mosqu. 

11HYNCHITES  Herbst.  Sc  bnb. 

1.  R.  COKLABIS  Fabr. — The  three  ultimate  joints  of  the  an- 
tenna) are  elongated,  differing  in  this  respect  from  the  other  spe- 
cies of  the  genus;  it  has  been  separated  under  the  generic  name 
of  Sapindus. 

The  species  varies  so  much  in  color  as  to  have  given  rise  to 
several  specific  names,  viz. : 

Anthribus  collar  is  Fabr.  Syst.  Eleut. 

Rhyncliites  angustatus  Herbst.  [  5  ] 

Rhyncliites  rubricollis  nob.,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci,*  and  Melsh. 
( !atal. 

Rhynchites  nigripes  Melsh.  ;   querens  Knoch.  in  Melsh.  Catal. 

Rhyncliites  ruficoUis  Germar,  Sp.  Nov.  p.  188. 

The  latter  is  very  remarkable  in  having  the  thorax  of  the  same 
color  as  the  elytra.  Dejean  in  his  Catalogue  places  the  species 
in  the  genus  Rhinomacer. 

[Is  Eugnamptus  angustatm  Sch. — Lec] 

2.  R.  hirtus  Fabr. 
R.  seneus?  Bohemann. 

Doubts  have  been  expressed  of  our  insect  being  the  hirtus  of 
Fabr.,  but  it  agrees  better  with  the  description  than  any.  It  is 
also,  as  Fabricius  says,  of  the  stature  and  magnitude  of  R.  pubes- 
cens. 

3.  R.  iERATUS. — Brassy,  antennae,  rostrum,  and  beneath,  ob- 
scure bluish. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Ourculio  seratus  Knoch,  in  Melsh.  Catalogue. 

Body  brassy,  punctured :  rostrum  very  slightly  dilating  to- 
wards the  tip,  with  an  impressed  line  above,  from  the  base  to  the 
middle :  front  with  small  punctures :  thorax  with  dense  punc- 
tures :    elytra  with  a  transverse,  dilated  but  not  profound,  com- 

*This  reference  is  wrong,  it  is  described  in  Long's  Expedition,  2,  28S  : 
ante,  p.  192. — Lec] 


264:  CURCULIONIDES. 

mon  indentation  :  with  striae  of  transverse,  large  punctures  :  be- 
neath blackish-blue. 

Length  nearly  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

This  is  the  smallest  North  American  species  yet  known. 

I  have  found  it  on  the  oak  in  June. 

Genus  PTEROCOLUS  Sch. 

Antennae  11-jointed,  not  geniculate;  basal  joint  not  much 
elongated;  eighth  joint  transverse  linear  ;  ninth  and  tenth  trans- 
verse subquadrate,  dilated,  and  with  the  ultimate  semioval  one 
remote,  perfoliated,  forming  an  oblong  oval  club ;  rostrum  di- 
lated at  tip :  head  rather  long  behind  the  eyes,  neck  not  con- 
tracted ;  scutel  transverse  subquadrate :  elytra  somewhat  abbre- 
viated ;  each  rounded  at  tip,  depressed  above  :  podex  and  part  of 
the  back,  naked  :  feet  robust :  thighs  unarmed,  dilated ;  tibiae  un- 
armed, ciliate  densely  on  the  exterior  edge  with  very  short  spines, 
and  with  small  spines  around  the  edge  of  the  tip :  body  rounded. 

This  genus  differs  from  Rhynchites  by  the  rounded  form  of 
the  body;  the  shorter  and  depressed  elytra,  more  divaricate  [6] 
at  their  tips ;  the  rostrum  is  shorter  and  more  contracted  in  the 
middle,  and  the  origin  of  the  antennae  is  nearer  the  middle  or 
rather  the  base  of  the  rostrum ;  the  tibiae  are  ciliated  with  short 
spines,  &c. 

P.  ovatus  Fabr.  (Attelabus)  Syst.  Eleut. 
APION  Herbst. 

1.  A.  rostrum  nob.  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 

This  may  very  probably  prove  to  be  A.  nigrum  Herbst. 
Dr.  J.  F.  Melsheimer  informed  me   that  it  is  found  in  abun- 
dance on  the  leaves  of  Robinia  pseud-acacia. 
[This  is  Apion   Sayi  Sch. — Lec] 

2.  A.  segnipes. — Black;  feet  rufous,  with  black  incisures 
and  tarsi. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black,  punctured  with  prostrate  white  hairs ;  rostrum 
rather  long,  and  very  slightly  angulated,  slightly  tapering,  punc- 
tured at  base  :  antennae  with  three  or  four  basal  joints,  rufous  : 
thorax  with  dense  large  punctures  :  elytra  with  punctured  pro- 
foundly impressed  striae;  feet  rufous;  thighs  at  base,  coxae,  tro- 


CURCULIONIDES.  265 

chanters  and  knees  black  ;  tibioe  black  at  tip  ;  tarsi  black  witb  a 
whitish  reflection  at  the  tip  of  their  joints. 

Length  about  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

I  obtained  numbers  of  this  species  from  the  seeds  of  an  Astra- 
gulus  in  August. 

LiEMOSACCUS  Sch. 

L.  plagtatus  Fabr.  Schbnh. ;  Chirculio  nephele  Herbst. 

This  is  a  well  marked  insect,  remarkable  by  the  very  large 
fulvous  mark  on  the  disk  of  each  elytron  occupying  two-thirds 
of  the  whole  surface.  The  tooth  of  the  anterior  thighs  is  very 
prominent.     I  obtained  it  on  the  oak  in  July. 

THAMNOPHILUS  Schonh. 

1.  T.  barbitus. — Body  rather  long  and  narrow,  blackish- 
brown,  with  confluent  punctures  :  rostrum  punctured,  cylindrical, 
as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  slightly  broader  at  tip,  a  little 
curved ;  thorax  with  one  or  two  slight  tubercles  each  side  before  : 
elytra  with  the  striae  rather  wide  and  deep,  punctured  ;  thighs 
with  a  tooth  beneath. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Length  to  the  tip  of  the  rostrum  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 
Belongs  to  the  Subgenus  Panics  Schonh. 

[Placed  by  Schonherr  in  Magdalinus  to  which  also  belong  the 
following  four  species. — Lec]  [7] 

2.  T.  olyra  Herbst  (QurcvMo)  Natursyst.  vol.  7,  p.  7. 

The  scutel  is  white ;  this  character  was  probably  obliterated  in 
Herbst's  specimen  as  he  has  not  mentioned  it. 

3.  T.  armicollis  nob.  (Rynclmnus)  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
vol.  3,  p.  312. 

4.  T.  paxdura. — Thorax  with  a  lateral  tubercle  before  the 
middle  and  on  the  posterior  angle ;  tarsi  piceous. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Chirculio pandura  Knoch  in  Melsh.  Catalogue. 

Body  black,  punctured :  antennas  piceous :  rostrum  slightly 
arquated  :  thorax  with  separate  punctures ;  an  angle  or  tubercle 
each  side  a  little  before  the  middle,  contracted  before  the  pos- 


266  CTRCULIONIDES. 

terior  angles,  which  are  prominent :  elytra  with  striae  of  large 
punctures :  tarsi  rufo-piceous. 

Length  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

Much  like  T.  olyra,  but  is  much  smaller,  the  lateral  thoracic 
tubercle  is  nearer  the  middle  and  scutel  is  black. 

5".  T.  pallidus. — Pale  yellowish;  head  and  thorax  tinged 
with  rufous. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  punctured,  somewhat  elongate ;  head  densely  punctured, 
punctures  not  profound ;  rostrum  a  little  dilated  towards  the  tip, 
punctured  :  club  ovate  acute,  not  much  elongated  :  thorax  with 
dense,  irregular,  not  very  deep  punctures,  a  dorsal  glabrous  line, 
and  anteriorly  on  each  side  is  an  acute  tubercle  :  elytra  with  im- 
pressed striae  in  which  are  oblong  punctures  ;  interstitial  lines  a 
little  convex  and  slightly  rugose  with  a  very  minute  series  of 
scales  or  pores,  near  the  tip  these  lines  are  more  convex,  basal 
edge  somewhat  elevated  :  thighs,  spines  acute;  postpectus  and 
base  of  tbe  abdomen  dusky. 

Length  to  tip  of  rostrum  about  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

The  color  is  much  paler  than  that  of  the  armicollis  nob.  and  the 
club  is  much  shorter. 

CHLOROPHANUS  Dalm. 
C  acutus  nob.    (Curculio)    Journ.   Acad.  Nat.  Sc.    vol.    o, 
p.  310. 

This  insect  also  occurs  in  Indiana.  [8] 

[Is  the  type  of  Brachystylus  Sch. — Lec] 

ITHYCERUS  Schonh. 

I.  curculionides  Herbst. 

I  have  always  considered  the  Curculio  jjunctatu/m  Fabr.  and 
Oliv.  synonymous  with  this,  but  Grermar  is  of  the  opinion  that  it 
is  a  different  insect. 

Curculio  novseboracensis  Forster. 

[I  consider  Pachyrhyncus  Schonherri  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am. 
203,  Rhinaria  Schonherri  Sch.  Cure.  7,  2,  369  as  synonyms  of 
this  insect. — Lec] 


CURCULIONIDES.  207 

Genus  THECESTERNUS  nob. 

Anterior  part  of  the  pectus  excavated  for  the  reception  of  the 
rostrum. 

Natural  character. — Body  convex,  firm,  unequal  :  rostrum 
very  short,  thick,  entire  :  antennae  rather  slender,  inserted  near 
the  middle  of  the  rostrum,  in  a  deep,  somewhat  angulated  groove  ; 
first  joint  oblong  turbinate,  a  little  arquatcd ;  second  and  third 
short,  subturbiuate,  the  latter  shorter  j  fourth  and  eighth  very 
short,  quadrate  or  transverse ;  club  rather  large,  of  which  the 
basal  joint  (or  two  joints  ?)  is  as  long  again  as  the  ultimate  one, 
which  is  subacute  :  eyes  a  little  oblique,  somewhat  acute  before, 
oblong  subovate  :  thorax  longitudinally  somewhat  quadrate  :  scu- 
tel  none  :  elytra  connate,  rigid,  hardly  broader  at  base  than  the 
thorax,  narrowed  at  tip  and  concealing  the  podex  :  pectus  ante- 
riorly deeply  excavated  to  receive  the  rostrum  :  feet,  anterior  pairs 
approximate :  posterior  pair  distant :  thighs  not  dilated  :  tibia? 
with  a  short,  thick,  or  double  spine  at  tip  :  tarsi  simple. 

Obs. — I  proposed  this  genus  when  describing  the  species,  but 
•mitted  the  name.  It  differs  from  Brachycerus  F.,  and  Epistis 
Billb.  by  the  pectoral  excavation,  general  form  of  the  body,  less 
robust  antennae,  and  larger  club. 

T.  humeralis  nob.  (Brachycerus,)  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
Vol.  5,  p.  254. 

[This  is]  the  type  of  Lithodus  Germ.  Sch.  Cure.  2,  420. — 
Lec. 

GRAPHORHINUS  Sch. 

1.  G.  vadosus. — Body  dark  cinereous  :  rostrum  with  a  deep- 
ly impressed  line,  on  each  side  of  the  middle  of  which  is  a  short 
impressed  line,  and  between  the  eyes  is  a  dilated,  suborbicular 
indentation  :  thorax  with  large,  somewhat  irregular,  approximate 
punctures :  elytra  with  the  alternate  lines  more  elevated,  partic- 
ularly towards  the  base  ;  punctures  transverse.  [9] 

Length  less  than  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

This  insect  was  presented  to  me  by  Nuttall. 

[Belongs  to  Epicaerus. — Lec] 


268  CURCULIONIDES. 

2.  Gr.  operculatus. — Rostrum  obsoletely  truncated  ;  a  frontal 
dilated  puncture. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

Body  black,  covered  with  minute,  orbicular,  perlaceous  scales  : 
head  with  a  dilated  impressed  puncture  between  the  eyes,  an  ob- 
solete longitudinal  sulcus  on  the  short,  robust  rostrum  and  a  still 
less  obvious  one  on  each  side ;  thorax  canaliculate  in  the  middle ; 
elytra  with  series  of  rather  large  impressed  punctures  :  thigh* 
with  a  sinus  beneath  near  the  tip. 

Length  over  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

DERACANTHUS  Schonh. 
Subgenus  Aracanthus. 
D  ?  pallidus. — Body  whitish,  varied  with  pale  brown ;  rostrum 
not  longer  than  broad,  with  an  impressed,  very  obvious  line  from 
the  vertex  to  the  tip :  eyes  small :  thorax  with  numerous,  small 
punctures   not  close  set  nor  very  regularly  placed ;  base   not  un- 
dulated :  elytra  with  regular  striae  of  punctures. 
Inhabits  United  States. 
Length  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

THYLACITES  Germ. 

1.  T.  microps. — Body  whitish :  rostrum  very  short  and  broad  : 
eyes  very  small,  orbicular  ;  front  with  an  acute  impressed  line  :  ver- 
tex and  thorax  a  little  rough  with  numerous  slight  indentations ; 
scutel  not  obvious :  elytra  with  their  striae  and  punctures  not 
visible,  suture  a  little  elevated  :  feet  simple. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Length  less  than  three  twentieths  of  an  inch. 

[This  is  T.  mici-osus  Sch. — Lec] 

Subgenus  Strophosomus  Sch. 

2.  T.  tesselatus  nob.  (Liparus)  Jour.  Acad.  Nat  Sc. 

CALLOPISTUS  Schonh.  (in  litt.) 

B.  auricephalus  nob.  (Curculio)  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  So. 
vol.  3.  p.  310. 

[Is  Platyomus  auriceps  Sch. — Lec] 


CTJRCULIONIDES.  269 

TANYMECUS  Germ. 

1.  T.  LACAENA. — Body  a  little  cupreous,  dull  yellowish  cine- 
reous, densely  punctured  :  rostrum  with  a  raised  line,  tip  widely 
indented  above  :  antennae  blackish  rufous :  thorax  with  three  ob- 
solete blackish  vittae;  widest  a  little  before  the  middle  :  scutel 
very  small,  cinereous  :  elytra  with  the  striae  hardly  impressed 
at  base  but  obviously  impressed  towards  the  tip,  punctures  rather 
large,  quadrate ;  interstitial  lines  flattened,  tip  of  each  with  a 
short  joint  in  the  middle. 

Length  to  tip  of  rostrum  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 
('a radio  lacacna  Herbst  ?  Natui'syst. 

2.  T.  confusus. — Much  like  the  preceding  but  is  destitute  of 
the  thoracic  vittaa. 

Length  to  tip  of  the  rostrum  about  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 
[Appears  to  be  T.  confertus  Sch. — Lec] 

APHKASTUS  Schonh.  (in  litt.) 
A.  taeniatus  nob.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
Elytra   whitish,   second   and   fourth    interstitial    lines    light 
brown.  [10] 

SITONA  Germ. 

1.  S.  indifferens. — Body  black,  rather  thinly  covered  with 
cinereous  hair :  rostrum  short,  dilated,  with  an  indented  line 
which  does  not  reach  the  tip  :  thorax  cylindric  with  small,  ir- 
regular, hardly  impressed  punctures :  elytra  striate,  the  striae 
with  rather  large  punctures  :  feet  obscure  piceous. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Length  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

In  form  somewhat  like  linecllus  Gyll. 

2.  S.  scissifrons. — Covered  with  white  scales;  elytra  with 
black  spots. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Body  entirely  covered  by  minute  scales,  which  on  the  sides  of 
the  thorax  and  elytra  are  white,  and  on  their  middle  light  brown; 
head  obviously  punctured  and  with  a  widely  impressed  line  ex- 
tending to  the  tip :  antennae  dark  piceous ;  basal  joint  paler, 
clavate  :  thorax  rather  short,  slightly  rounded  each  side,  obviously 


270  CURCULIONIDES. 

punctured  :  a  much  dilated  brown  dorsal  vitta  in  which  is  a 
narrow  white  vitta,  a  lateral  brown  vitta  from  the  eye  :  elytra 
with  a  much  dilated  common  brownish  vitta ;  a  few  blackish 
spots ;  tibiae  with  a  slight  rufous  tinge  :  tarsi  spongy  beneath  : 
eyes  rounded. 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

This  much  resembles  the  S.  lineellus  Gyll.,  but  the  nasal  joint 
is  shorter,  the  eye  smaller,  the  thorax  shorter,  &c. 

HADROMERUS  Schonh. 

H.  hilaris. — Brown  varied  with  cinereous  :  rostrum  with  a 
deeply  indented  line  :  antennae  and  tarsi  rufous :  thorax  and  head 
with  numerous  deep  punctures ;  the  former  with  a  dilated  lateral 
vitta:  elytra  with  an  oblique  cinereous  arquated  vitta  from  the 
humerus  to  the  middle ;  tip  cinereous  almost  constituting  a  band  ; 
beneath  with  whitish  scales  :  feet  somewhat  banded. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

CurcuUo  Mlariff,?  Herbst.  Natursyst. 

The  male  is  smaller  and  the  extremity  of  the  oblique  vitta  is 
almost  insulated  so  as  to  form  a  small  spot  in  the  middle  of  each 
elytra,  surrounded  by  a  dark  line. 

[Belongs  to  Pandeleteius  Sch. — Lec.] 

CLEONUS  Schbnh. 

C.  trivittatus. — Covered  with  cinereous  hair;  thorax  tri- 
lineate ,  elytra,  suture  and  vitta  on  each  blackish. 

Inhabits  Arkansaw. 

Lixus  trivittatus  nob.  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  [Wrong  reference. 
— Lec] 

Body  black,  densely  covered  by  cinereous  hair ;  head,  a  black 
lateral  line  from  the  eyes  to  the  tip  of  the  rostrum,  and  a  earin- 
ate  line  above ;  thorax  deeply  and  widely  indented  behind  ;  three 
longitudinal  blackish  vittae ;  an  abbreviated,  longitudinal,  slightly 
elevated  line  before,  scattered  punctures ;  elytra  with  regular 
series  of  profound  punctures;  a  sutural  double  blackish  vitta 
spotted  or  interrupted  with  cinereous ;  and  a  vitta  on  the  middle 
of  each  elytron  also  spotted  with  cinereous;  beneath  with  small 
black  spots. 

Length  (total)  about  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

I  obtained  two  or  three  specimens  near  the  Rocky  Mountains. 


CURCULIONIDES.  271 

HYPSONOTUS  Germ. 

1.  H.  alternatus. — Body  piceous,  nearly  covered  with  pros- 
trate brown  hairs  :  elytra  with  the  striae  simple  impressed,  the 
hairs  npon  them  funning  alternate  whitish  and  brownish  spots ; 
a  more  obvious  white  spot  near  the  tip  of  each  elytron ;  front 
and  rostrum  with  an  impressed  line ;  thorax  with  the  punctures 
[11]  large  and  close  set,  concealed  by  the  hairs,  with  a  longitudinal 
raised  line ;  thighs  beneath  near  the  tip  emarginate. 

Length  less  than  half  an  inch. 
Inhabits  the  North-west  Territory. 
[Belongs  to  Alophus. — Lec] 

2.  H.  tmbricatus  nob.  (Liparus)  Journ.  Acad.  Nafc.  Sc. 
[Is  an  Epi'.'nerus  according  to  Shonherr. — Lec] 

LISTRODERES  Schonh. 

1.  L.  caudatus  nob.  (Rynchaenus)  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  8c. 

2.  L.  squamiger. — Body  covered  with  minute  brownish  cine- 
reous scales :  rostrum  with  a  carinate  line ;  thorax  with  scattered 
punctures  ;  not  flattened ;  scutel  yellowish  or  whitish,  elytra  with 
punctured  strife  towards  the  tip  concealed  by  the  scales ;  the 
united  tip  obtusely  rounded  ;  humerus  obtuse. 

Length  from  two-fifths  to  half  an  inch. 
Inhabits  Arkansaw. 

Much  like  caudatus  nob.,  but  in  that  species  the  humeral  line 
is  carinate  and  acute. 

3.  L.  porcelltjs. — Body  blackish  rufous,  with  numerou? 
short,  robust,  upright  hairs ;  rostrum  broad  and  rather  short, 
with  somewhat  elevated  lines  and  wide  indentation  at  base : 
thorax  subcylindric  :  elytra  with  a  wide  impressed  striae,  in 
which  are  transverse  punctures ;  a  paler  submarginal  line  each 
side  and  terminal  spot ;  feet  dull  rufous. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Length  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

4.  L.  sparsus.— Body  dull  drab  color ;  with  minute  scales, 
the  surface  with  small,  dense,  shallow  indentations ;  numerous 
short,  robust,  upright  hairs;  rostrum  robust,  short;  antenna 
rufous  :    thorax   somewhat   rounded ;    scutel    small,  transverse  : 


272  CURCULIONIDES. 

elytra  with  rather  longer  hairs  than  the  thorax,  with  slender 
punctured  strise,  punctures  obsolete  towards  the  tip ;  humerus  a 
little  prominent,  somewhat  carinate ;  feet  unarmed. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Length  over  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

5.  L.  lineatulus. — Body  with  a  dirty  yellowish  cinereous 
covering,  and  with  short,  robust  hairs  ;  rostrum  with  two  longi- 
tudinal grooves ;  antennae  rufous ;  thorax  rounded,  with  a  trans- 
verse indented  anterior  line  and  a  longitudinal  obsolete,  impressed 
one  :  the  whole  surface  has  a  granulated  appearance ;  elytra  with 
the  striae  and  punctures  concealed  by  the  covering,  the  alternate 
interstitial  lines  prominent  and  distinct. 

Length  over  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Very  distinct  from  the  preceding  species  and  may  be  distin- 
guished from  them  by  its  much  smaller  size. 

BARYNOTUS    Germ. 

1.  B.  rigidus. — Body  dirty  brown,  with  remote,  robust,  up- 
right hairs  :  rostrum  short,  thick,  transversely  indented  between 
the  eyes;  thorax  a  little  indented  longitudinally;  transverse,  as 
broad  in  the  middle  as  the  base  of  the  elytra;  elytra  with 
the  striae  obtuse,  slightly  impressed,  punctured  ;  interstitial  lines 
having  the  hairs  distant  and  regular. 

Inhabits  Connecticut. 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

\Phyxelts  rigidus  Sch.  Cure.  7,  124. — Lec] 

2.  B.  erinaceus. — Rather  slender  ;  thorax  rounded,  some- 
what distant  from  the  abdomen. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  covered  with  very  minute,  oppressed,  orbicular,  dark 
brown  scales :  rostrum  robust,  moderate ;  mandibles  exerted  ar- 
quated  simple,  acute,  unarmed,  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  ros- 
trum :  thorax  rough,  the  scales  and  their  intervals  exhibiting 
the  irregularity  of  a  sanded  surface ;  hairs  numerous ;  interval 
between  the  thorax  and  abdomen  widely  contracted  :  elytra  with 
punctured  striae  and  rigid  equi-distant  black  hairs  on  the  inter- 
stitial lines  ;  posterior  declivity  nearly  vertical. 

Length  over  one-fifth  of  an  inch.  [12] 


CURCULIONIDES.  273 

The  mandibles  are  naked  and  very  prominent;  the  thorax  is 
rounded  and  its  surface  is  rough  and  punctured. 
[Is  the  type  of  Panscopw  Sch. — Lec.] 

3.  B.  granulattjs. — Brown,  thorax  obtusely  granulated  and 
with  a  pale  vitta. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  dull  brown  with  short  raised  hairs :  head  impressed  be- 
tween the  eyes  :  thorax  with  very  obtuse  granulations,  a  longitu- 
dinal slender  impressed  dorsal  line  in  a  dull  yellowish  vitta  : 
elytra  a  little  elevated  on  the  basal  edge,  striae  concave,  much 
dilated,  punctured ;  punctures  wide,  not  very  deeply  impressed, 
interstitial  lines  not  so  wide  as  the  striae,  with  hairs ;  suture  a 
little  pale. 

Length  about  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

The  surface  of  the  thorax  exhibits  the  appearance  of  obtuse 
little  elevated  granulations  and  the  profile  view  shows  irregular 
punctures  or  interrupted  rugae. 

LEPYRUS  Germ. 

L.  GEMINATUS. — Body  dusky  :  rostrum  rather  short  :  antennae 
a  little  robust :  thorax  with  a  yellowish  vitta  each  side  :  elytra 
with  the  alternate  interstitial  lines  light  brown,  a  small  white 
spot  in  the  middle  of  each. 

This  is  the  analogue  of  the  L.  colon  F.  of  Europe,  and  so 
closely  allied  to  it  as  to  be  easily  mistaken  for  it.  But  the  body 
is  a  little  more  robust;  the  rostrum  is  a  little  shorter  and  the  an- 
tennae are  more  robust. 

A  specimen  was  sent  to  me  by  Mr.  Barabino  from  Louisiana, 
I  obtained  one  in  Missouri. 

HYLOBIUS  Germ. 
H.  pales  Herbst;  Pissodes  macellus  GermarSp.  Novae,  p.  319. 

PHYTONOMUS  Scbonh. 

P.  trivittatus. — Blackish  brown  with  numerous  scale-like 
hairs. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  blackish-brown,  with  numerous,  robust  hairs  almost  re- 
sembling scales,  which  are  longer  in  three  yellowish  metallic, 

18 


274  CURCULIONIDES. 

thoracic  vittse  of  which  the  lateral  ones  are  broader  and  termi- 
nate in  a  spot  on  the  humerus ;  the  vittse  and  spot  are  pale 
brownish  cinereous ;  antennae  rufous ;  elytra  with  large  costal 
.spots,  interstitial  lines  obsoletely  alternating  with  blackish  and 
pale  brown-cinereous  ;  suture  behind  the  middle  also  pale  brown- 
cinereous  ;  thighs  beneath  near  the  tip  emarginate  :  anterior 
tibiae  a  little  incurved  at  tip. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

2.  P.  comptus. — Elytra  with  subquadratc,  brown  spots. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  cinereous-olivaceous,' covered  with  small  scales;  rostrum 
shorter  than  the  head  and  thorax,  rather  narrower  at  base  :  an- 
tennae and  feet  rufous ;  thorax  somewhat  rounded,  with  a  much 
dilated,  brown,  somewhat  metallic  vitta :  [13]  scutel  small  triangu- 
lar :  elytra  with  slightly  impressed,  but  punctured  striae,  inter- 
stitial lines  flat,  with  more  or  less  numerous  brown  quadrate  spots 
particularly  near  the  suture,  where  they  are  alternate. 

Length  much  over  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

PERITELUS  Germ. 

1.  P.  chrysorrh^eus. — Body  covered  with  dense  scales  and 
having  sparse,  short  rigid,  inclined  hairs ;  thorax  nearly  obicu- 
lar  :  head,  the  line  of  the  eyes  raised  and  chestnut  color ;  elytra 
paler  behind,  or  with  a  very  oblique  brown  band  behind  the  mid- 
dle ;  the  striae  simple  impressed  lines ;  impunctured. 

Length  over  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

[A  Cercopeus  according  to  Schbnherr. — Lec.J 

Subgenus  Agraphus  Schonh.  [in  litt.] 
Scutel  distinct. 

2.  P.  bellicus. — Body  black  ;  rostrum  short,  broad,  with  an 
impressed  line  at  base;  antennae  first  joint  rather  longer  than  the 
others  taken  together,  and  the  unarmed  feet  dull  rufous :  thorax 
rather  small,  with  a  slight  indented  line  and  numerous  very  short 
and  very  robust  yellowish  hairs  :  scutel  minute  :  elytra  convex  ; 
striae  hardly  impressed,  but  with  regular  series  of  punctures ;  the 
whole  surface  with  minute,  close  set,  hardly  impressed  points, 
furnishing  very  short,  yellowish,  very  robust  hairs. 

Inhabits  Florida. 


CURCULIONIDES.  275 

Length  nearly  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

Peritelm  l<  ucophseus  of  Dcjean,  Agraphus  leuc.  Schon.,  but  I 
believe  it  has  not  been  described. 

CYCLOMUS  Sch. 
Subgenus  Opiiryastes  Germ. 
Clava  five-jointed;  eyes  narrowed  before. 

1.  C.  vittatus  nob.  (Liparus)  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  vol.  3, 
p.  316. 

2.  C.  sulcirostris  nob.  {Liparus)  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  vol. 
3,  p.  318. 

LIXUS  F.  Schonh. 

1.  L.  marginatus. — Black,  covered  with  minute  cinereous 
hairs;  thorax  impressed;  elytra,  region  of  the  scutel  and  middle 
of  the  base  indented. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  black,  covered  with  short,  minute,  robust  recurved  hairs, 
punctured  ;  antennae  rufous,  club  dusky  ;  thorax  a  little  convex 
each  side,  behind  the  middle  of  the  side  rectilinear,  a  little  con- 
tracted before,  with  an  indented  line  above,  more  profound  near 
the  base ;  with  dilated,  confluent,  slightly  impressed  punctures 
not  deeply  sinuated  at  base,  with  regular  series  of  punctures  : 
elytra  region  of  the  scutel  indented  subacute :  abdomen  dull 
fulvous  behind. 

Length  from  the  origin  of  the  rostrum  nearly  seven-twentieths 
of  an  inch. 

The  hair  detains  a  ferruginous  powder.  It  is  found  on  the 
lower  Missouri.  It  also  occurs  in  the  Atlantic  States.  With 
my  first  description  of  this  species  I  gave  it  the  name  of  impres- 
sus,  but  in  the  Curcul.  Dispos.  Method.  Schonherr  quotes  the 
same  name  for  a  very  different  and  large  species  of  S.  America 
from  Sahlberg.  [14] 

2.  L.  concavus.— Base  of  the  thorax  and  of  the  elytra  with  a 
common  dilated  indentation. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Thorax  convex  each  side,  much  contracted  before,  with  very 
small  punctures ;  dorsal  indentation  obsolete  near  the  anterior 
margin  and  in  the  middle,  profound  at  base  :  elytra  with  regular 


27G  CURCULIONIDES. 

punctured  striae,  not  rugose;  base  with  a  dilated  common  deep 
indentation  equalling  that  of  the  thorax,  and  another  smaller  in- 
dentation on  the  middle  of  the  base :  thighs  unarmed. 

Length  over  half  an  inch. 

Common,  and  is  the  largest  species  that  I  have  met  with  in 
this  country.  The  hair  of  the  body  detains  a  yellowish  ferru- 
ginous dust  which  often  gives  the  whole  insect  that  color.  It  is 
smaller  than  the  angustatus  F.,  the  thorax  is  much  more  convex 
each  side,  the  eiytra  are  less  abruptly  contracted  each  side  at 
base,  &c. 

3.  L.  lateralis. — Thorax  laterally  cinereous ;  elytra  with  a 
transverse  basal  groove. 

Inhabits  Arkansaw. 

Body  rather  slender  ;  head  punctured  between  the  eyes  :  ros- 
trum but  little  arquated,  punctured  between  the  eyes,  short : 
thorax  with  rather  large  profound  distant  punctures  on  each 
side,  cinereous  ;  a  dorsal  indented  line ;  sides  rectilinear  on  the 
posterior  three-fourths,  and  rather  suddenly  contracted  on  the 
anterior  fourth  :  elytra  with  regular  series  of  punctures ;  some- 
what indented  about  the  scutel ;  basal  margin  with  a  groove, 
basal  edge  much  arquated. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

4.  L.  Museums. — Thorax  indented  before  and  behind  the 
middle  and  with  rather  small  punctures. 

Inhabits  Louisina. 

Body  black  or  blackish  piceous,  with  short  white  hairs  :  head 
between  the  eyes  a  little  indented :  rostrum  slightly  arquated, 
punctures  at  its  lateral  base  nearly  as  large  as  those  of  the  thorax; 
thorax  with  rather  small  but  dense  punctures,  with  a  large  longi- 
tudinal depression  on  the  back,  a  little  impressed  and  more 
obvious  before  the  middle  and  at  the  base  :  elytra  with  series  of 
punctures  which  at  tip  are  smaller  and  placed  in  the  striae  :  region 
of  the  scutel  indented. 

Length  over  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

It  is  smaller  than  L.  bardane  F.,  not  so  densely  clothed  with 
hairs,  the  elytral  punctures  are  more  obvious ;  the  thoracic  punc- 
tures are  a  little  smaller ;  that  species  has  not  the  thoracic  inden- 
tations. It  has  the  rostrum  a  little  longer  and  more  arquated 
than  in  the  preceding ;  the  thorax  has  not  such  large  and  pro- 


CURCULIONIDES.  277 

found  punctures,  on  the  side  is  slightly  and  regularly  curved,  not 
abruptly  contracted  before,  &c. 

This  species  was  seat  to  me  by  Mr.   J.   Barabino  of  New 

Orleans. 

PISSODES  Germ. 

P.  STROBiPeck,  [Rhynchamus]  Jour.  Mass.  Agr.  Soc.  Jan.  1*17. 

P.  nemorensts  G-ermar,  Species  Novae,  p.  8ls. 

Dr.  Harris  sent  me  this  insect  as  the  P.  strobi,  or  White  pine 
Weevil  of  Professor  Peck,  whose  name  having  the  priority  must 
be  adopted. 

ERIRHINUS  Schbnh. 

E.  MUCIDUS. — Body  black-brown  with  short  prostrate  yellow- 
ish hairs ;  rostrum  slender,  linear,  arquated,  punctured,  much 
longer  than  the  head  and  thorax  :  antennae  rufous  :  elytra  with 
rather  wide,  impressed,  densely  punctured  striae ;  hairs  arranged 
in  small  spots.  [15] 

Length  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  E.  vorax  Gyl.,  but  the  thorax  is  more  rounded  and 
the  elytra  have  a  more  truncated  appearance. 

ANTHONOMUS  Germ. 

1.  A.  quadrigibbus. — Ferruginous ;  elytra  with  about  four 
tubercles. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Curcidio  quadrigibbus  Melsh.  Catalogue. 

Body  dull  ferruginous ;  rostrum  more  than  half  the  length  of 
the  body  ;  thorax  with  three  obsolete  whitish  lines  :  pleura  bilineate, 
of  which  one  is  more  distinct  :  elytra  with  double  series  of  punc- 
tures, the  interstitial  lines  alternately  elevated,  the  two  inner  ones 
on  each  with  two  or  three  compressed  elevations,  of  which  the 
posterior  one  on  the  inner  line  is  more  prominent :  posterior  de- 
clivity paler :  anterior  thighs  two-toothed,  the  posterior  tooth 
prominent. 

Length  (exclusive  of  the  rostrum)  less  than  three-twentieths  of 
an  inch. 

I  have  taken  this  species  on  the  Crataegus. 

2.  A.  musculus. — Dull  rufous ;  scutel  and  eljtral  spotted  bands 
whitish. 


278  CURCULIONIDES. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Curculio  varians  Melsh.  Catal. 

Body  more  or  less  dull  rufous,  or  piceous,  punctured :  head 
piceous  :  rostrum  with  elevated  lines  :  antennae  rufous  :  club  dusky  : 
thorax  piceous,  very  much  crowded  with  punctures;  small  recurved 
distant  whitish  hairs  :  scutel  oval  white  :  elytra  with  dilated  im- 
pressed striae  of  large  punctures ;  rufous  with  the  edge  piceous ; 
two  or  three  undulated,  macular,  whitish  bands  of  short  hairs : 
beneath  piceous  :  feet  rufous. 

Length,  including  the  rostrum,  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.     Obscure  piceous,  almost  black ;  bands  obvious. 

This  varies  eonsiderably  in  its  depth  of  coloring. 

Subgenus  Odontopus  nob. 

Eyes  approximate. 

3.  A.  calceatus. — Spine  of  the  anterior  thighs  robust,  den- 
ticulated before. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black  :  antennae  piceous ;  clava  darker :  thorax  very 
densely  punctured,  rather  large,  much  narrowed  before :  scutel 
longitudinal,  oblong,  sublinear  :  elytra  with  profoundly  impressed, 
punctured  striae,  interstitial  lines  flattened,  densely  punctured; 
anterior  thigh  with  a  very  prominent  robust  tooth ;  anterior  to 
which  are  small  denticulations ;  intermediate  thighs  with  a  small 
tooth ;  posterior  pair  with  the  tooth  obsolete ;  tibiae,  anterior  pair 
much  arquated. 

Length  nearly  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  is  not  uncommon.  With  the  form  and  habit  of  the  insects 
of  this  genus  it  has  approximate  eyes. 

[This  is  identical  with  Prionomerus  carbonarius  Sch. — Lec] 

ERODISCUS  Schon. 

E.  myrmecodes. — Black,  scutel  and  line  on  pectus  and  post- 
pectus  whitish. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  black,  with  numerous  slender  upright  hairs ;  thorax  very 
convex  above :  scutel  cinereous ;  elytra  convex  with  slightly  im- 
pressed striae,  punctured  :  thighs  clavate,  emarginate  and  with  a 
large   compressed   tooth  :  tibiae  arquated  at   base :  anterior   pair 


CURCULIONIDES.  279 

muoronate  at  trp;  pectus  and  postpectus  with  a  longitudinal  white 
line. 

Length  three-twentieths  of  an  inch.  [16] 

Curculio  myrmcx  Herhst.  Natursyst. 

In  appearance  it  has  a  slight  resemblance  to  a  Formica. 

[Otidocephalus  Chevr.  is  an  older  name  of  this  genus. — Lec] 

BALANINUS  Germ. 

1.  B.  proboscideus  Fabr.  (Rynchsenus.)  Eostrum  as  long  again 
as  the  body.  This  seems  to  be  Curculio  Daviesii  Swederus  in  Trans- 
actions of  the  Stockholm  Society,  1787,  and  it  is  probable  that 
(lie  latter  name  is  prior  to  that  of  Fabr. 

2.  B.  nasicus. — Rostrum  not  so  long  as  the  body  or  hardly 
longer,  not  thicker  at  base,  but  proceeding  abruptly  from  the  head, 
rectilinear  to  the  middle,  piceous. 

It  is  remarkable  by  having  the  rostrum  at  base  hardly  thicker 
thau  in  the  middle,  in  consequence  of  which  it  appears  to  proceed 
abruptly  from  the  head  without  any  gradation. 

It  is  the  Curculio  micum  of  Melsh.  Catal. 

3.  B.  rectus. — Rostrum  rectilinear  or  very  slightly  recurved 
to  near  the  tip  where  it  curves  downward  :  antennae  very  slender. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

This  is  distinguishable  by  the  rectilinear  or  slightly  recurved 
rostrum. 

4.  B.  nasutus. — Body  robust :  scutel  elongated  white. 
Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

This  species  diifers  from  proboscideus  F.,  in  being  more  robust 
and  in  having  the  scutel  longer.  Schbnherr  has  proposed  the 
name  of  roslratus  for  this  insect,  (in  litt.) 

TYLOMUS  Schbnh. 

T.  lineaticollis  Say.  \_Rynclieenus.~]  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
vol.  3,  p.  313. 

Var.  a.  much  smaller. 

Length  exclusive  of  the  rostrum  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

It  differs  also  considerably  in  the  lineations  of  the  thorax,  and 
the  alternate  elevated,  interstitial  lines  of  the  elytra  are  less  obvi- 
ous and  not  so  acutely  edged.  I  have  named  it  provisionally 
paf.micol/is. 

[Belongs  to  Rhyssematus  Sch. — Lec] 


280  CURCULIONIDES. 

ORCHESTES  Illig. 

1.  0.  epiiippiatus. — Blackish  piceous ;  elytra  each  with  two 
yellowish  spots. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  blackish,  more  or  less  tinged  with  piceous,  densely  punc- 
tured :  base  of  the  rostrum  piceous  :  elytra  striate  punctured,  a 
large  double  yellowish  hairy,  somewhat  common  spot  before  the 
middle  and  a  transverse  abbreviated  common  band  of  yellowish 
hair  behind  the  middle,  both  on  a  piceous  surface ;  feet  and  an- 
tennae rufous. 

Length  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

A  very  distinct  species. 

2.  0.  pallicornis. — Black,  antennas  rufous  with  a  black  tip. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black,  densely  punctured ;  rostrum  lineated  and  punc- 
tured ;  antennas  dull  rufous,  the  club  darker  black :  thorax  con- 
fluently  punctured :  elytra  with  punctured  striae,  the  interstitial 
lines  somewhat  rough  and  flat :  thighs  with  a  short  acute  tooth. 

Length  one-tenth  of  an  inch.  [17] 

Var.  a.  Tarsi  piceous. 

This  species  is  very  abundant. 

IMADARUS    Schonh. 
M.  undulatus  nob.  [Rynchaenus]  Journ.  Acad.  Sc. 
The  thorax  varies  from  sanguineous  to  black. 

BABIDIUS  Schonh. 

1.  B.  trinotatus. — Covered  with  white  hairs;  a  black  dot 
on  the  scutel  and  near  the  posterior  angle  of  the  thorax. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Curadio  trinotatus. 

pemylvanieus   K. 

Body  black,  covered  with  rather  short,  robust,  linear,  white 
prostrate  hairs :  thorax  with  the  hairs  pointing  towards  the  lon- 
gitudinal middle ;  at  base  on  each  side  is  a  black  dot,  scutel  black  ; 
elytra  with  obvious  striae ;  interstitial  lines  flat  and  each  with 
about  three  series  of  the  short  hairs. 

Length  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 


r  1      Melsh.  Catal. 


CURCULIONIDES.  281 

The  covering  of  white  hairs,  with  the  three  denuded  spots  dis- 
tinguish this  species.  I  have  obtained  it  in  Indiana  as  well  as  in 
Pennsylvania. 

2.  B.  PicuMNUS  Herbst.  Natursyst. 

Vol.  7 ',  p.  30,  pi.  99,  f.  9.  This  is  a  common  species.  The 
third  joint  of  the  antennae  is  hardly  longer  than  the  fourth.  The 
covering  of  hairs  is  more  dense  than  in  the  preceding  species. 

[Belongs  to  Centriaus  Sch. — Lec] 

3.  B.  penicellus  Herbst.  Natursyst.  vol.  7 ;  p.  29,  pi.  99,  f. 
6F. 

Much  like  the  preceding,  but  larger,  and  the  third  joint  of  the 
antennae  is  as  long  again  as  the  fourth.  I  described  it  under  the 
name  of  am  ictus,  but  I  have  little  doubt  that  it  is  the  species  de- 
scribed by  Herbst.  Genus  Toxerus  Sch.?  holosericeous  Sch.  Dej. 

[Also  a  Centriwus. — Lec] 

4.  B.  undulatus. — Black ;  elytra  with  two  undulations. 
Inhabits  Mexico. 

Body  black ;  head  with  small  punctures,  sparse  on  the  vertex, 
more  dense  on  the  rostrum :  rostrum  arquated :  thorax  a  little 
compressed  each  side  on  the  anterior  margin  :  with  rather  large 
confluent  lateral  punctures  and  smaller  sparse  ones  on  the  disk  : 
elytra  with  capillary  impunctured  striae,  becoming  rather  dilated 
at  tip ;  interstitial  spaces  flat,  with  numerous  transverse  lines,  a 
dilated  indentation  or  undulation  before  the  middle,  and  rather 
behind  the  middle,  a  less  obvious  indentation  near  the  tip. 

Length  over  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.  Body  dark  brassy  polished ;  undulations  of  the  elytra 
obsolete. 

Length  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

The  pectoral  groove  is  very  distinct,  but  the  antennae  are  too 
robust,  and  the  club  is  too  obtuse  to  be  placed  in  the  genus  Cen- 
trinus,  and  the  fusiform  club  of  Madams  will  not  permit  a  refer- 
ence to  that  genus. 

5.  B.  striatus. — Interstitial  lines  hardly  wider  than  the  strise, 
and  with  a  single  series  of  punctures. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  black,  punctured  :  rostrum  a  little  prominent  at  the  in- 
sertion of  the  antennae  on  each  side ;  more  or  less  transversely  in- 


282  CURGULIONIDES. 

dented  between  the  eyes  antennae  dark  piceous,  inserted  beyond 
the  middle  of  the  rostrum ;  second  joint  rather  long;  third  not 
longer  than  the  fourth;  club  obtuse;  thorax  subconic  with  ap- 
proximate orbicular  punctures  and  a  glabrous  middle  line ;  basal 
edge  deeply  sinuous  [18]  elytra  with  deep  punctured  striae;  in- 
terstitial lines  hardly  broader  than  the  striae  and  each  with  a 
single  series  of  rounded  punctures  :  anal  tip  naked,  densely  punc- 
tured :  pectus  slightly  indented  :  anterior  feet  not  very  distant. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

This  is  the  true  striatus  of  Melsheimer's  Catalogue ;  the  follow- 
ing species  which  I  formerly  confounded  with  it,  is  different. 

6.  B.  INTERSTITIALIS  nob.  (Ryncheemis)  Journ.  Acad.  Nat. 
Se.  3,  p.  314. 

Much  like  the  preceding,  but  the  thorax  is  more  rounded 
being  more  abruptly  contracted  before  and  the  punctures  are 
much  smaller.  The  interstitial  lines  are  broader  and  their  punc- 
tures have  a  transverse  rugulous  appearance. 

7.  B.  transversus. — Thorax  at  the  scutel  obtusely  lobed ; 
scutel  transverse. 

Inhabits   Missouri. 

Body  black,  punctured :  head  transversely  indented  between 
the  eyes  :  antennae  obscure  piceous,  inserted  beyond  the  middle 
of  the  rostrum;  third  joint  but  little  longer  than  the  fourth: 
club  ovate  :  thorax  rather  abruptly  contracted  before ;  punctures 
numerous,  rather  dense ;  middle  lobe  of  the  base  very  obtusely 
rounded :  elytra  with  deep,  punctured  striae ;  interstitial  lines 
with  close  set,  almost  confluent  punctures  ;  third  line  with  more 
than  one  series;  exterior  and  posterior  edges  piceous :  tibiae  a 
little  tinged  with  piceous  :  anal  segment  naked,  punctured. 

Length  over  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

In  the  form  of  the  thorax  it  resembles  interstitialis  nob.,  but  the 
punctures  are  much  larger,  the  posterior  lobe  is  more  rounded, 
and  the  punctures  of  the  interstitial  lines  are  rounded. 

CRYPTOKHYNCHUS   Illig. 
1.  C.  ANAGLYPTicus. — Thorax  bilineate  each  side ;  elytra  with 
elevated  lines;  a  fulvous  spot  on  each  at  base. 
Inhabits  United  States. 
Gurculio  anaglyptiais  Knoch  in  Melsh.  Catal. 


CURCULIONIDES. 

Body  blackish  piceous,  punctured ;  eyes  small ;  antennas  pice- 
ous j  rostrum  sulcated;  thorax  lobed  at  the  eyes;  subinequal, 
somewhat  rugose ;  two  whitish  longitudinal  lines  on  each  side 
liverging  before  and  behind  with  numerous  minute  cinereous 
hairs,  and  with  two  or  three  oblique  uniting  lines;  elytra  triang- 
ular much  wider  at  base  than  the  thorax  and  subacute  at  tip,  each 
with  four  elevated  acute  striae,  the  exterior  ones  united  at  tip ; 
retitiaJ  grooves  dilated,  concave,  with  a  double  series  of'trans- 
verse  punctures,  an  oblique,  fulvous,  oval  spot  at  the  humeral 
base,  tip  brown  ;  epipleura  a  series  of  punctures,  base  hirsute 
with  a  double  series ;  feet  varied  with  cinereous  hair  ;  thighs  with 
i  robust,  prominent  spine  beneath  near  the  middle,  and  a  smaller 
one  nearer  the  tip. 

Length  from  the  front  to  anus  less  than  one  fifth  of  an  inch. 
Found  many  specimens  ascending  a  hickory  tree  (Juglans)  in 
the  fruit  of  which  they  deposit  their  eggs,  in  the   latter   part  of 
June  and  beginning  of  July. 

[Belongs  to  Conut raclicl us  Sen. — Lec] 

2.  C.  elegans. — Piceous  brownish;  elytra  with  a  paler,  more 
or  less  dilated  space  behind. 
Inhabits  United  States. 
QurcvMo  elegans  Melsh.  Catal. 

Body  dull  piceous,  more  or  less  varied  with  brown  or  blackish : 
rostrum  sulcated,  carinate,  piceous  :  antennae  rufous :  thorax  lobed 
at  the  eyes;  punctured;  an  obsolete,  oblique,  cinereous  line  each 
■side  proceeding  to  the  posterior  angles  :  elytra  with  four  some- 
what elevated,  acute  lines,  the  exterior  ones  uniting  behind  ;  in- 
terstitial spaces  wide,  with   double  series  of  punctures,  obsolete 
behind;  behind  the  middle   is  a  more  or  less  dilated   common 
space,  narrower  at  the  suture  than  on  the  lateral  margin ;  on  this 
spot  the  inner  elevated  [19]  line  is  interrupted,  and  the  line  is  also 
depressed    or  interrupted  towards  the  base ;  thighs  two-toothed, 
somewhat  annulated  with  piceous  and  blackish. 
Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 
Yar.  a.  Somewhat  cinereous. 
Var.  b.  Paler  piceous ;  larger. 

I  have  obtained  this  species  in  June  on  Pinus  rigida.  The 
body  is  more  oblong  than  that  of  anuglypticus ;  the  humerus  is 
less  prominent.     It  occurred  in  New  Jersey,  Florida,  and   the 


284  CURCULIONIDES. 

varieties  in  Missouri.     Can  this  be  C.  aratus  Germar  ?     His  <U  - 
scriptiou  does  not  altogether  agree  with  my  specimens. 
[Also  a  Conotrachelus. — Lec] 

3.  C  foveolatus. — Black,  with  large,  profound  punctures  ; 
elytra  with  yellowish  spots. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Curculio  foveolatus  Knoch  in  Melsh.  Catal. 

Body  black,  with  dilated  punctures ;  head  with  dense,  small 
punctures ;  a  frontal  indentation,  and  yellow  spot ;  rostrum  ro- 
bust, moderate,  arquated,  punctured  like  the  head :  antennae 
jointed;  first  joint  hardly  reaching  the  eyes;  thorax  with  three 
small  yellowish  spots  and  one  before ;  elytra  with  regular  series 
of  large  quadrate  punctures ;  several  small  yellowish  spots  and  a 
large,  irregular  one  behind  :  feet  unarmed. 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

This  insect  differs  so  essentially  from  the  characters  of  this 
genus  as  given  by  Schonherr  that  it  may  be  separated  under  the 
following  name  and  characters  : — 

Genus  Tylodcrma. — Antennae  rather  short  and  robust,  eleven- 
jointed;  rostrum  moderate,  rather  robust,  arquated;  pectus 
grooved  ;  postpectus  entire ;  thorax  lobed  at  '  the  eyes ;  tarsi 
spongy  beneath  :  elytra  covering  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 

From  Cryptorhynchus  it  is  distinguished  by  the  number  of 
joints  in  the  antennas,  and  in  this  respect  it  agrees  with  Lyprus. 
Tapinotus  and  Ulosomus  Sch.,  but  the  former  has  the  tarsi  com- 
pressed, and  in  Ulosomus  the  recipient  groove  is  extended  upon 
the  postpectus.  I  have  not  seen  the  insect  which  forms  the 
latter  genus,  but  its  characters  seem  to  agree  better  with  the 
above  described  than  any  other. 

4.  C.  bisignatus. — Elytra  with  an  oblique  whitish  spot  rather 
before  the  middle.  Blackish  brown  :  body  covered  with  small 
scales,  which  are  more  erect  on  the  thorax ;  thorax  extended  on 
the  posterior  middle  at  the  scutel,  and  acute  :  elytra  with  about 
four  elevated  lines  and  intermediate  double  series  of  punctures  : 
an  oblique,  oval,  whitish  spot  rather  before  the  middle. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Length  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

[C.  ohliqurfasciatus  Sch.  is  the  same. — Lec] 


CURCULTONIDES.  285 

5.  C  posticatus  nob.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
[Is  a  Gonotrachelus. — Lec] 

6.  C.  parochus  Herbst.  (Curculio)  Natursyst. 

Varies  in  size.  I  have  a  specimen  from  Missouri,  of  which 
the  length  is  nearly  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

The  recipient  groove  in  this  species  extends  upon  the  post- 
pectus  and  terminates  between  the  intermediate  feet. 

7.  C  argula  Fabr.  (^Rhynchsemm)  Syst.  Eleut, 
i  htrcuMo  nenuphar  Herbst.  Natursyst. 

7?.  ccrasi  Peck,  Jour.  Mass.  Agr.  Soc.  Jany.  1819. 

This  also  varies  much  in  size,  and  depredates  on  the  plumb 
and  peach  and  other  stone  fruits.  My  kinsman,  the  late  excel- 
lent Win.  Bartram,  informed  me  that  it  also  destroys  the  Euro- 
pean Walnut  in  this  country.  [  20  ] 

Subgenus  Camptorhintjs  Sch. 

8.  C.  tubtjlatus. — Thorax  tubular  before;  interstitial  lines 
with  a  series  of  dusky  punctures. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black,  punctured  :  rostrum  rather  slender,  arquated  ;  be- 
tween the  eyes  indented :  thorax  densely  punctured,  anteriorly 
abruptly  contracted  so  as  to  be  almost  tubular  ;  elytra  with  deeply 
impressed,  punctured  striae )  interstitial  lines  flattened,  and  with 
a  series  of  punctures,  each  furnishing  a  recurved,  whitish  hair. 

Length  under  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

I  place  this  small  species  in  the  present  subgenus,  from  the 
character  of  the  ^eyes,  which  are  very  large,  remote  above  and 
closely  approaching  beneath. 

CEUTORHYNCHUS  Schupp. 

2.  C.  ACEPHALUS  nob.  (Fcdciger)  Journ.  x\cad.  Nat.  Sc.  3, 
p.  309. 

The  common  whitish  line  at  base  of  the  elytra  is  rather  less 
obvious  than  that  of  C.  pericarpius  F. 

[Belongs  to  Cceliodes  Sch. — Lec] 

2.  C.  cretura  Herbst.  (Curcnlio*)  Natursyst.  7,  p.  70,  pi.  100, 
fig.  5,  C. 

I  mentioned  this  species  under  the  name  of  4-spinosus  in  the 
Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  p.  310. 

[Belongs  to  Phytoblus. — Lec] 


2^6  CURCULIONIDES. 

3.  C  triangularis. — Thorax  with  two  obtuse  tubercles  : 
elytra  with  a  common  subtriangular,  whitish  spot  at  base. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  robust,  short :  densely  punctured  :  antennae  bright  rufous, 
club  blackish  :  rostrum  with  somewhat  elevated  lines ;  thorax 
with  dense,  rather  large  punctures ;  a  longitudinal  indented  line 
in  which  are  white  hairs ;  an  obtuse  tubercle  each  side  a  little 
behind  the  middle  :  elytra  with  deeply  impressed  striae,  and 
rather  large  punctures ;  interstitial  lines  transversely  rugose ;  at 
base  is  a  common  elongated  whitish  triangular  spot;  lateral  edge. 
behind  the  humerus,  white ;  beneath  with  scale-like,  white  hair? : 
thighs  unarmed. 

Length  about  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  is  longer  than  pericarpius  F.  which  it  much  resembles, 
but  the  common  spot  is  much  more  dilated  behind  and  trian- 
gular. 

4.  C.  injequalis. — Thorax  4-tuberculate,  and  bidentate  before. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  brown,  short  and  robust :  thorax  with  an  indented  line, 
which  so  indents  the  anterior  edge  as  to  exhibit  two  denticula- 
tions  in  that  part ;  each  side  of  the  middle  is  an  obtuse  rather 
large  tubercle,  and  still  more  lateral  and  a  little  posterior  is  a  less 
obtuse  tubercle :  elytra  with  the  alternate  interstitial  lines  more 
elevated. 

Length  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

I  obtained  many  specimens  resting  upon  a  newly  constructed 
fence  in  the  spring. 

MONONYCHUS  Schupp. 
M.  vulpeculus  Fabr.  Schbnh. 

On  the  flowers  of  the  Ceanothus  americanus  L.  and  Verbascum 
thapsus  L.  in  July. 

ZYGOPS  Schonh. 

1.  Z.  quercus. — Body   black,    covered    with    white    scales  : 
rostrum  a  little  curved  [  21  ]  towards  the  base  ;  front  between 
the  eyes  very  narrow:  elytra  striated,  at  tip  a  little  reflect* 
thighs  not  obviously  emarginated,  nor  toothed. 

Length  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 


CURCULIONIDES.  287 

This  is  the  CurcuUo  quercus  Melsh.  Catal. 
Belongs  to  the  subgenus  Copturus  Sch. 

2.  Z.  operculatus  nob.  (Crypturhynchus)  Jour.  Acad.  Nat. 
Sci. 

3.  Z.  OCULATUS  nob.  ( Cryptorhynchus)  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 

CENTRLNUS  Schonh. 

C.  scutellum  album. — Punctured;  with  scales;  scutel  white. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Owculio  scutellum  album  Knoch,  in  Melsh.  Catal. 

Body  black,  densely  punctured,  and  with  short  pale  yellowish 
or  whitish  scales;  head  minutely  punctured:  rostrum  long,  punc- 
tured, with  a  short,  impressed  line  at  base  :  antennse  piceous  : 
thorax  with  dense  orbicular  punctures  covering  the  whole  sur- 
face; the  tip  of  the  posterior  middle  white  at  the  scutel :  scutel 
white  :  elytra  with  deeply  impressed  strias ;  interstitial  lines  flat, 
broad,  densely  punctured  :  beneath  with  whitish  metallic  scales. 
much  more  dense  than  on  the  superior  surface. 

Length  over  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.  Over  one-fifth  of  an  inch,  the  rostrum  is  more  recti- 
linear towards  the  tip. 

Var.  c.  Elytra  with  a  slight  piceous  tinge. 

I  have  taken  this  insect  in  Pennsylvania,  Indiana  and  Mis- 
souri.    The  variety  is  from  Arkansaw. 

CIONUS  Clairv. 
C  scROPHULARiiE   Auct.     My  specimen  is  so  much  like  the 
European  individuals  that   it  can  hardly  be   considered  to  vary 
from  them. 

RHYNCHOPHORUS  Herbst. 

1.  R.  prjepotens. — Thorax  with  three  black  vittae. 

Inhabits  Arkansaw. 

Body  black,  covered  with  dense,  prostrate,  cinereous  hairs  : 
rostrum  shorter  than  the  head  and  thorax ;  thorax  with  three 
black  vittaa,  extended  behind  at  the  scutel :  elytra  with  double 
series  of  punctures ;  a  black  vitta  on  the  middle  of  each,  and  a 
narrower  subsutural  one. 

Length  more  than  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  is  a  fine  insect. 


288  CURCULIONIDES. 

[Schonherr  (3,  62)  has  described  a  Lixus  jpreepotens  Say,  which 
is  evidently  this  species,  he  afterwards  mentions  Say's  description 
(4.  088)  as  being  of  an  unknown  genus  :  the  insect  is  unknown 
to  me,  unless  it  should  be  identical  with  Cleonus  trivittatus  Say, 
Cure.  10,  (ante  270)  ;  the  size  given  is  different,  but  this  is 
hardly  sufficient  to  warrant  lis  in  continuing  them  as  distinct. — 
Leg.] 

2.  R.  interstitialis. — Thorax  nearly  as  long  as  the  elytra  : 
interstitial  lines  with  a  series  of  punctures. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  black  brown,  with  large  punctures:  rostrum  linear,  a  lit- 
tle curv,ed,  punctures  large  at  base,  smaller  at  tip;  base  grooved 
above ;  head  punctured,  small ;  antennas  rufous :  thorax  almost  as 
long  as  the  elytra,  with  double  series  of  punctures;  interstitial 
lines  not  rounded,  and  with  a  series  of  small  punctures  :  thighs 
unarmed ;  tibiae  with  hair  inside,  and  mucronate  at  tip. 

[This  and  all  the  following  species  belong  to  Sphenopliorus 
Sch. — Leg.] 

3.  R.  pertinax. — Thorax  with  three  vittae ;  elytra  regularly 
striate. 

Inhabits  Florida. 

Galandra  perthiax  Olivier,  Ins. ;  Schonh. 

Body  black,  more  or  less  covered  with  a  dense,  dull  yellowish 
crust :  rostrum  arquated  compressed  :  with  an  elongated  groove 
at  base,  above  attenuated  [22]  at  the  tip;  thorax  particularly 
covered  with  the  crust,  which  is  punctured,  leaving  only  three 
elevated,  impunctured  vittae,  of  which  the  intermediate  one  is 
wider  before  the  middle  and  the  lateral  ones  behind  the  middle  : 
elytra  with  slender,  acute  striae,  in  which  are  very  small  punc- 
tures ;  interstitial  lines  equal,  regular,  a  little  convex. 

Length  nearly  eleven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

4.  R.  truncatus. — Thorax  with  three  vittae ;  elytra  with  the 
alternate  interstitial  lines  more  obvious. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Body  black,  partially  covered  with  a  dirty  cinereous  crust ; 
punctured  :  rostrum  arquated,  compressed,  with  an  elongated 
groove  at  base  above,  attenuated  at  tip :  thorax  with  three  ele- 
vated, punctured  vittae,  of  which  the  intermediate  one  is  dilated 


CURCULIONIDES.  289 

suboval  before  the  middle,  and  the  lateral  ones  have  an  obvious 
branch  extending  to  the  posterior  angles ;  elytra  almost  truncate 
behind ;  stria  numerous  ;  interstitial  lines  slightly  punctured,  the 
alternate  ones  more  obvious ;  two  or  three  striae  between  the  in- 
terstitial lines. 

Length  half  an  inch. 

Much  like  R.  pcrtinax,  but  the  broader  thoracic  vittae,  the 
more  numerous  striae,  unequal  interstitial  lines  and  almost  trun- 
cated elytra  distinguish  it. 

5.  R.  cicatricosus. — Thorax  with  three  vittae ;  elytra  with 
an  elevated  line  and  obsolete  dilated  indentations. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Body  black,  partially  covered  with  a  cinereous  crust  or  pelli- 
cle ;  rostrum  arquated,  compressed,  with  a  slight  groove  at  base 
above;  thorax  with  three  elevated,  dilated,  irregular  impunc- 
tured  vittae,  the  lateral  ones  have  an  obvious  branch  extend- 
ing to  the  posterior  angles  :  elytra  with  numerous  striae  a  more 
obvious,  elevated,  subsutural,  irnpunctured,  interstitial  line ;  nu- 
merous dilated,  obsolete  dots  or  slight  undulations. 

Length  nearly  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  the  preceding  as  respects  the  number  of  striae  of 
the  elytra,  but  their  surface  is  rendered  a  little  irregular  by  in- 
dented dots  or  undulations  which  are  obsolete ;  the  thoracic  vittae 
are  a  little  truncated  at  tip. 

6.  R.  venattjs. — Thorax  trilineate,  and  with  discoidal  punc- 
tures; elytra  with  capillary  striae  ;  surface  a  little  inequal. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Rody  black  opake,  more  or  less,  and  particularly  the  thorax, 
covered  with  a  dull  cinereous  deposite  ;  rostrum  with  discoidal 
punctures  at  base ;  compressed,  a  little  arquated  ;  a  dilated  im- 
pressed line  at  base  above ;  thorax  with  discoidal,  equal  punc- 
tures ;  trilineate,  the  intermediate  line  slender,  the  lateral  ones 
undulated,  a  little  broader,  punctured :  elytra  with  distinct,  acute 
striae,  punctures  lai'ge  but  not  profound,  obsolete,  excepting  each 
side  and  at  base ;  interstitial  lines  alternately  and  very  slightly 
more  prominent;  surface  slightly  inequal. 

Length  over  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

Smaller  than  the  preceding  species,  and  the  thoracic  elevated- 
lines  are  much  more  slender. 

19 


290  CURCULIONIDES. 

7.  R.  rectus. — Thorax  with  three  abbreviated  raised  lines, 
and  dense  discoidal  punctures;  elytra  with  series  of  punctures. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  black,  opake,  covered  with  a  dull  cinereous  coating ; 
rostrum  compressed,  arquated,  punctured  at  base,  and  with  a  di- 
lated, impressed  line  at  base  above  ;  antennae  piceous :  thorax 
with  close  set,  discoidal  punctures  ;  three  elevated  lines  or  narrow 
vittse,  of  which  the  intermediate  one  is  abbreviated  into  an  irre- 
gular spot  before  the  middle,  or  almost  obliterated  by  the  punc- 
tures behind,  the  lateral  ones  are  rectilinear,  a  little  oblique  and 
obliterated  before  by  [23]  the  punctures  :  scutel  polished;  elytra 
with  regular  series  of  rather  large  punctures,  the  four  interstitial 
lines  next  the  suture,  on  each,  more  elevated  than  those  of  the 
middle. 

Length  about  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

In  comparison  with  R.  venatus  the  thorax  is  much  more  densely 
punctured,  and  the  lateral  vittae  are  rectilinear. 

8.  It.  immunis. — Naked;  thorax  profoundly  punctured,  ex- 
cepting on  the  middle  and  each  side  of  the  middle. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Body  black,  slightly  polished,  not  covered  by  any  deposite  : 
rostrum  compressed,  arquated,  with  minute  punctures  at  base, 
and  a  profound  impressed  line  at  base  above :  antennae  piceous  : 
thorax  with  numerous  profound  punctures  ;  a  broad  impunctured, 
longitudinal,  hardly  raised  space  each  side  of  the  middle,  extend- 
ing to  the  anterior  and  posterior  margins,  and  a  transverse  im- 
punctured space  before  the  middle  :  scutel  polished  :  elytra  with 
regular,  somewhat  double  series  of  punctures ;  interstitial  lines 
regular,  convex,  alternately  a  little  wider,  and  wider  than  the 
diameter  of  the  punctures. 

Length  over  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

The  raised  surfaces  of  the  thorax  on  each  side  of  the  middle, 
and  a  little  before  the  middle,  are  but  little  elevated,  impunc- 
tured; the  thoracic  punctures  are  profound  and  not  dilated, 
particularly  a  little  group  on  the  middle  of  the  anterior  margin, 
and  a  more  extensive  double  one  behind  the  middle. 

9.  R.  placidus. — Thorax  densely  punctured  ;  elytra  with 
punctured  striae;  feet  dull  rufous. 

Inhabits  United  States. 


CURCULIONIDES.  291 

Body  black,  punctured  :  rostrum  arquated,  compressed,  pice- 
ou8  towards  the  base ;  with  an  impressed,  punctured  line ;  an- 
tennae piceous  :  thorax  with  dense  punctures,  destitute  of  obvi- 
ous elevations  :  scutel  concave,  polished :  elytra  with  series  of 
punctures  rather  wider  or  as  wide  as  the  interstitial  lines,  which 
also  have  a  series  of  small  punctures ;  tip  dull  piceous :  feet 
rufous,  with  black  incisures. 

Length  about  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

In  general  shape  it  resembles  R.  immunis  nob.,  but  the  thorax 
has  not  very  obvious  elevations  and  is  more  generally  punctured  ; 
the  punctures  of  the  elytral  series  are  larger  and  the  interstitial 
lines  have  a  series  of  small  punctures ;  the  feet  also  are  rufous. 

10.  R.  INaequalis. — Thorax  with  numerous  discoidal  punc- 
tures;  elytra  with  the  punctures  in  the  series  remote. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  black,  more  or  less  covered  with  a  dirty  brown  pigment 
X>r  crust,  punctured  :  rostrum  moderate,  compressed,  arquated, 
with  an  impressed  line  at  base ;  thorax  with  discoidal  punctures 
and  from  one  to  three  slight  elevations :  elytra  with  obvious 
strise,  in  which  are  remote  punctures ;  interstitial  lines  with  ob- 
long, longitudinal  punctures ;  sutural  line  with  a  series  of  small 
close  set  punctures. 

Length  nearly  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

The  elytral  punctures  are  remote  in  the  striae,  and  those  of  the 
interstitial  lines  are  much  elongated. 

11.  R.  compressirostris  nob.  {Calandra)  Journ.  Acad.  Nat. 
8c.  1823.  Amer.  Ent  vol.  1,  pi.  9. 

Gemar,  Coleopt.  Sp.  Nov.  1824.  [24] 

COSSONUS   Clairv. 

1.  C.  CORTICOLA. — Black;  thorax  impressed  behind ;  rostrum 
with  an  indented  line  between  the  eyes,  and  another  on  the  mid- 
dle of  the  rostrum. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Curculio  corticola  Melsh.  Catal. 

Body  deep  black,  immaculate,  punctured;  head,  punctures 
minute  and  remote  upon  the  vertex  and  becoming  larger  and 
more  dense  towards  the  tip  of  the  rostrum ;  a  profoundly  in- 
dented dilated  line  between  the  eyes;  rostrum  dilated  toward? 


292  CURCULIONIDES. 

the  tip,  piceous  :  thorax  with  a  transverse  obtusely  indented  line 
on  the  anterior  submargin ;  punctures  large  separate  profound 
orbicular,  minute  upon  the  anterior  margin  and  confluent  upon 
the  posterior  and  lateral  margins  :  middle  of  the  base  widely  in- 
dented and  with  a  carinate  line  in  the  indentation :  elytra  pro- 
foundly striate,  striae  with  large  profound  transverse  punctures. 

Length,  base  of  rostrum  to  tip  of  elytra  more  than  three-twen- 
tieths of  an  inch. 

A  species  equally  common  in  Missouri  and  Pennsylvania.  I 
have  observed  it  to  inhabit  in  considerable  numbers  under  the 
loose  bark  of  yellow  Pine  trees  in  October. 

2.  C.  platalea. — Thorax  impressed  behind;  rostrum  punc- 
tured ;  thorax  rather  short. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Head  punctured,  a  little  indented  transversely  between  the 
eyes ;  rostrum  dilated  towards  the  tip,  punctured  :  antennae  pice- 
ous ;  thorax  with  the  punctures  not  very  profound,  distant,  irre- 
gular ;  a  basal  indentation,  with  a  slight,  obtuse  carina  in  the 
middle  of  the  indentation :  rather  short,  much  rounded  on  the 
sides  ',  elytra,  striaa  with  large  punctures ;  tarsi  obscure  piceous. 

Length  nearly  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

The  thorax  is  proportionally  shorter  than  that  of  the  corticola, 
the  punctures  are  less  deeply  impressed,  and  the  rostrum  is  not 
obviously  indented  longitudinally.  It  varies  in  having  the  tibiae 
obscure  piceous. 

DRYOPHTHORUS  Schupp. 

D.  corticalis. — Thorax  with  dilated  punctures ;  elytra  with 
dilated  striae. 

This  is  so  much  like  D.  lymexylon  Fabr.  that  it  is  considered 
the  same  :  but  on  comparing  with  my  European  specimens,  I  find 
it  smaller  and  the  punctures  of  the  head  are  obsolete,  whereas  in 
the  European  specimens  they  are  large  and  obvious.  This  is  the 
Cwcith'o  corticalis  Payk.  of  Melsh.  Catalogue.  [25] 


CURCULIONIDES.  293 


SUPPLEMENT. 

ERIRHINUS  Sch. 

E.  EPHIPPIATUS. — Body  yellowish-rufous,  with  numerous  pros- 
trate hairs :  thorax  with  a  slightly  indented,  longitudinal  line  : 
elytra  with  rather  wide  impressed  striae,  containing  large  punc- 
tures ;  near  the  base  a  common  transverse  black  spot,  connected 
along  the  suture  with  another  transverse,  triangular  black  spot : 
beneath,  excepting  the  feet,  dusky  :  thighs  unarmed. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Length  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

2.  E.  rufus. — Body  pale  rufous,  with  numerous,  oblong, 
whitish  prostrate  scales  :  rostrum  longer  than  the  head  and  tho- 
rax, arquated,  linear  :  elytra  with  impressed  striae  :  suture,  near 
the  scutel,  indented  :  scutel  not  very  obvious. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Length  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

ANTHONOMUS  Germ. 

1.  A.  erythopterus. — Body  black-brown  :  rostrum  very  slight- 
ly curved,  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  thickly  punctured  : 
antennae  rufous:  head  not  obviously  punctured  with  white,  pros- 
trate hair  beneath ;  a  puncture  rather  above  the  line  of  the  eyes  : 
thorax  densely  punctured :  scutel  with  prostrate  white  hair, 
rounded  :  elytra  beyond  the  middle  and  excepting  at  the  suture, 
dull  rufous ;  with  impressed  punctured  striae ;  and  with  scattered 
rather  short  hairs  each  side :  stethidium  with  prostrate,  white 
hair. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 
Length  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 
Curculio  eri/thropte?'us  Melsh.  Catai. 

Mr.  Schonherr  informs  me  that  Dejean  has  given  to  this  spe- 
cies the  name  of  suturalis. 

2.  A.  signatus. — Body  with  numerous,  prostrate,  white 
hairs :  rostrum  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  slightly  arqua- 
ted, linear,  lineated  :  scutel  oval ;  elytra  sanguineous,  with  punc- 
tured, impressed  striae ;  region  of  the  scutel  to  the  middle  of  the 


1294  CURCULIONIDES. 

guture,  and  band  of  three  large,  unequal  spots  behind  the  middle, 

brown. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Length  less  than  one-tenth  of  an  inch.  [26] 

I  adopt  the  name  proposed   by    Schbnherr,  in  preference  to 

that  of  saiiguinipenms,  under  which  I  described  it. 

BALANINUS  Germ. 
B.  CONSTRICTUS    nob.   (Rhynchsenus)  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.   Sc. 
vol.  3,  p.  313. 

[Belongs  to  Erirlunus. — Lec] 

TYCHIUS  Germ.  Sch. 

1.  T.  aratus. — Body  entirely  covered  with  pale  olivaceous, 
dense,  elongated  or  rounded  scales  :  rostrum  as  long  as  the  head 
and  linear;  scales  like  robust  hairs;  transversely  indented  over 
the  insertion  of  the  antennce ;  a  longitudinal  impressed  line  ;  tip 
naked,  rufous :  thorax  with  the  hair-like  scales  converging  back- 
wards to  the  dorsal  line :  elytra  with  indented  strise,  punctures 
are  not  visible ;  with  densely  imbricated,  rounded  scales  :  middle 
of  the  interstitial  lines  with  a  series  of  prostrate  scale-like  hairs  : 
thighs  unarmed,  emarginate. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Length  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Can  this  be   C.  penicellus  Herbst  ? 

2.  T.  amoenus. — Body  dark  brownish,  with  minute  scales; 
rostrum  somewhat  arquated,  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  dull 
rufous  :  thorax  narrowed  considerably  before ;  base  not  undulated  • 
elytra  varied  with  whitish  :  feet  unarmed,  dull  rufous :  tarsi 
black. 

Inhabits  United  States. 
Length  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

BARLDIUS  Sch. 
1.  B.  nigrinus. — Body  black,  densely  punctured  :  rostrum 
arquated,  linear ;  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax ;  thorax  with 
rather  large,  dense  punctures,  dilated  and  rounded  at  the  scutel ; 
scutel  as  wide  as  long,  rounded  behind :  elytra  with  impressed, 
narrow,  punctured  striae,  and  much  broader  flat  interstitial  lines, 
on  which  are  regular,  dilated,  transverse  punctures. 


CURCULIONIDES. 


295 


Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 
Curcidio  nigrimts  Melsh.  Catal. 
Length  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

2.  B.  interstitialis  nob.  (Rhynchscnus)  Jour.  Acad.  Nat. 
8c.  vol.  3,  p.  314. 

3.  B.  scolopax. — Body  dark  chestnut :  rostrum  longer  than 
the  head  and  thorax,  slightly  curved,  linear  :  thorax  conic,  with 
small,  numerous  punctures :  elytra  deeply  impressed,  [  27  ]  not 
obviously  punctured,  a  little  shorter  than  the  abdomen. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Length  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

4.  B.  acutipennis.— Body  brassy,  highly  polished,  punc- 
tured :  rostrum  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  arquated,  linear  : 
thorax,  punctures  profound  but  not  close  set ;  base  undulated ; 
elytra  with  acute,  deeply  impressed,  impunctured  striae,  which, 
on  the  posterior  declivity  are  dilated  so  as  to  make  the  intersti- 
tial lines  acute,  and  elevated ;  tip  of  the  elytra  on  the  middle 
with  an  elevated,  acute  tooth. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

Length  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

CRYPTORHYNCHUS  Illig. 

1.  C.  retentus. — Body  covered  by  very  short,  dense,  pros- 
trate hair ;  rostrum  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax ;  a  little 
arquated,  punctured  and  on  the  sides  lineated  :  thorax  with  two 
whitish  undulated  vittae :  scutel  orbicular:  elytra  with  four 
elevated,  acute,  interrupted  lines,  between  which  are  double 
series  of  impressed  punctures :  elevated  lines  obsolete  on  the 
depressed  tip  :   thighs  emarginate  towards  the  tip  and  bidentate, 

Inhabits  Mississippi. 

Length  less  than  three-tenths  of  an  inch, 
It  seems  to  be  related  to  C.  obtentus  Herbst  ? 
[Belongs  to  Conotrachehs  Sch. — Lec.] 

2.  C.  lineaticollis  nob.  (Ri/nchsenus)  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
vol.  3,  p.  313. — As  this  has  evidently  the  pectoral  groove  it  can- 
not belong  to  the  genus  Tylomus,  the  anterior  feet  also  are  dis- 
tant. 

3.  C.  palmacollis, — Thorax  with  numerous  small  grooves, 


296  CURCULIONIDES. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Rostrum  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  with  elevated  lines : 
antennae  sanguineous  :  thorax  with  numerous  small  grooves  con- 
verging at  the  dorsal  line  :  elytra  with  double  series  of  large 
punctures,  the  intervening  lines  elevated,  acute :  thighs  with  an 
acute  tooth. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Allied  to  lineaticollis  N.,  but  the  punctures  of  the  elytra  [28] 
are  larger ;  body  smaller. 

[Vide  ante,  p.  279. — Lec] 

4.  C.  cribricollis. — Body  black ;  with  numerous,  very  short 
hairs :  rostrum  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  transversely  in- 
dented between  the  eyes :  antenna?  rufous :  thorax  much  nar- 
rower before ;  the  whole  surface  covered  by  large  concave  punc- 
tures, without  any  very  flat  space  between  them  :  elytra  much 
wider  than  the  thorax,  with  rather  wide,  impressed  striae,  in  which 
are  close  set  punctures. 

Inhabits  Mississippi. 

Length  nearly  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

[Is  a   Conotrachelus. — Lec] 

5.  C.  obliquus. — Body  covered  with  orbicular  scales,  which 
are  dusky,  black  and  white :  thorax  with  three  distinct  black 
dots,  placed  transversely  :  scutel  small,  black  :  elytra  triangular ; 
region  of  the  scutel,  extending  from  the  humerus  to  the  suture, 
dusky,  in  which  are  about  two  black  spots  ;  then  a  very  oblique 
cinereous  band ;  then  a  dusky  band  on  the  middle ;  then  a  cine- 
reous band  ;  tip  dusky  ;  with  punctured  striae. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Length  less  than  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

Schonherr  informs  me  that  Dejean  has  given  the  name  of 
iimbrosus  to  this  species,  [and  it  is  so  described  in  his  work  4, 
116.— Lec] 

6.  C.  ferratus. — Body  black,  with  minute,  orbicular  scales  : 
thorax  confidently  punctured :  rostrum  not  quite  as  long  as  the 
head  and  thorax,  cylindric,  hardly  arquated  :  elytra  striate,  not 
visibly  punctured,  with  numerous,  yellowish-brown,  small,  un- 


CURCULIONIDES.  297 

equal   spots  ;    interstitial   lines    rounded,   somewhat   unequally 
elevated. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Length  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

BAGOUS  Germ. 

1.  B.  mamillatus. — Cinereous ;  elytra  tuberculate. 
Inhabits  Missouri. 

Body  cinereous  :  elytra,  each  with  two  tubercles  behind  the 
middle,  placed  obliquely,  a  smaller  one  on  the  middle  and  the 
humerus  with  a  small  tubercle  :  thighs  clavate  :  tibiae  much  ar- 
quated towards  the  tip,  and  at  tip  acute,  with  [29]  rather  long, 
rigid  hair  on  their  inner  side. 

Length  nearly  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

2.  B.  simplex. — Covered  with  dusky,  somewhat  olivaceous, 
orbicular  scales :  rostrum  shorter  than  the  head  and  thorax  : 
thorax  with  a  slight  appearance  of  an  impressed  band  on  the 
middle?;  elytra  with  an  impressed  striae;  punctures  not  visible; 
striae  obsolete  on  the  posterior  declivity,  excepting  the  two  exte- 
rior ones ;  humerus  rather  prominent :  tibiae,  intermediate  pair 
more  arquated. 

Inhabits  United  States. 
Length  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

Schonherr  informs  me  that  Dejean  has  given  the  name  of 
egcnus  to  this  species. 

3.  B.  iEREUS. — Body  dull  brassy  :  rostrum  short, thick:  thorax 
not  obviously  punctured  above,  lateral  punctures  not  deeply  im- 
pressed :  scutel  distinct:  elytra  with  striae  of  punctures  at  base, 
none  beyond  the  middle  :  feet  rufous  :  thighs  slender. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Length  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

Schonherr  has  separated  this  species  under  the  generic  name 
of  Analcis.  Dejean  proposed  for  it  the  specific  name  of  scrcus,  I 
formerly  described  it  under  the  name  of  semipunctatus. 

TYLODES  Sch. 
Subgenus  Acalles  Sch. 
T.   clavatus. — Body   brown,    covered   with  short,  upright, 
clavate  bristles :    rostrum  moderate,  arquated :  thorax  with  the 


298  CURCULIONIDES. 

punctures  visible :  elytra  with   striae  of  punctures,  the  clavate 
bristles  on  the  interstitial  lines. 

Inhabits  Florida. 

Length  nearly  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

CEUTORHYNCHUS  Schiipp. 

C.  curtus. — Body  short,  robust,  blackish :  rostrum  as  long  as 
the  thorax,  arquated,  cylindrical :  thorax  narrowed  before,  with 
rather  \  large  numerous,  impressed  punctures  ;  a  transverse,  im- 
pressed line  on  the  anterior  margin ;  and  a  longitudinal,  impressed 
line,  more  obvious  at  base ;  each  side  rather  behind  the  middle 
is  a  smaller,  subacute  tubercle  :  [30]  elytra,  region  of  the  scutel 
impressed;  striae  profound  and  as  wide  as  the  interstitial  lines  : 
thighs  rather  slender,  unarmed. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Length  less  than  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

[Is  a  Coeliodes. — Lec] 

CLEOGONUS  Sch. 

C.  sedentarius. — Body  with  minute  scales,  of  a  blackish  or 
dusky  color,  but  with  a  few  irregular,  small,  whitish  patches,  of 
which  the  largest  is  on  the  posterior  declivity  of  the  elytra,  ex- 
tending by  two  branches  to  the  tip :  thorax  with  rather  large 
punctures  :  scutel  small,  rounded,  white  :  elytra,  striae  hardly  im- 
pressed, with  very  large,  not  close  set,  longitudinal  punctures  • 
thighs  with  a  white  annulus  near  the  tip:  tarsi  with  silvery  hairs, 
sericeous. 

Inhabits  Florida. 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

[Placed  by  Schonherr  in  Pseudomus. — Lec] 

COSSONUS  Clairv. 

C  mtjltifortjs. — Body  blackish-chestnut :  rostrum  moderate, 
rather  robust,  a  little  arquated,  with  large  punctures,  and  with 
the  antennae,  rufous  :  thorax  long,  with  very  large,  crowded  punc- 
tures :  elytra  with  a  striae  of  large  punctures,  wider  than  the  in- 
terstitial lines  :  feet  simple,  rufous. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

Length  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 


CURCULIONIDES.  299 


RHYNCHOLUS  Creutz.  Sch. 

C.  LATINASUS. —  Body  glabrous,  blackish  chestnut:  rostrum 
broad,  short,  a  little  narrower  in  the  middle,  confluently  punc- 
tured :  thorax  with  numerous,  profound  and  not  very  dense 
punctures;  somewhat  depressed  ;  sides  regularly  arquated;  elytra, 
strias  about  equal  to  the  interstitial  lines,  impressed ;  punctures 
regular,  profound,  dense:  thighs  abruptly  clavate,  unarmed. 

Inhabits  Florida. 

Length  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 


300  INSECTS    OP   LOUISIANA. 


New  species  of  North  American  Insects,  found  by  Joseph  Barabiao,  chiefly 
in  Louisiana. 

New  Harmony,  Indiana,  January,  1832. 

COLEOPTERA. 
BUPRESTIS    Linn. 

B.  THUREURA. — Scutel  transversely  elongated. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Body  brassy  greenish,  with  dilated,  unequal,  impressed  punc- 
tures :  vertex  with  an  acute,  longitudinal,  impressed  line  :  antennae 
green :  thorax  with  the  punctures  more  confluent  each  side,  and 
a  longitudinal,  glabrous  line :  scutel  transversely  elongated,  sub- 
bilobate :  elytra  with  punctured  striae  j  interstitial  lines  irregu- 
larly punctured  and  with  unequal  and  irregular  glabrous  spaces  : 
edge  not  obviously  serrate;  tip  with  a  narrow  subemarginate 
truncation  :  beneath  cupreous,  anal  segment  emarginate. 

Length  less  than  four-fifths  of  an  inch. 

The  breadth  of  the  scutel  is  considerably  more  than  double  its 
length.  It  resembles  lurida  F.  (which  is  corrosa  Bej.)  but  the 
extraordinary  latitude  of  the  scutel  distinguishes  it;  that  species 
has  also  bidentate  elytra,  and  a  tridentate  anal  segment. 

[Belongs  to  Poecilonota. — Lec] 

BERMESTES   Fabr. 

B.  nubilus. — Thorax  with  ferruginous  hair  and  black  dots  ; 
elytra  clouded  with  gray  and  black. 
.  Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  black,  with  dense,  short  hair ;  head,  hair  mixed  ferrugin- 
ous and  gray :  antennae  rufous :  thorax,  hair  mixed  [  4  ]  ferru- 
ginous and  gray,  with  numerous,  orbicular,  black  dots,  rather 
larger  behind  and  less  orbicular :  elytra  marbled  with  grayish 
or  cinereous  hairs ;  beneath  densely  covered  on  the  postpectus 
and  venter  with  prostrate  white  hair :  a  small  black  spot  each 
side  of  the  former  and  a  lateral  one  on  each  ventral  segment : 
feet  dusky,  an  undulated  whitish  band  on  the  thighs. 

Length  about  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  is  one  of  our  two  species  that  are  referred  to  the  murinus 
F.     My  European  specimens  of  that  species  are  much  mutilated. 


INSECTS    OP   LOUISIANA.  301 

but  the  puncture  upon  the  middle  of  each  of  the  two  posterior 
ventral  segments  is  very  obvious,  and  does  not  exist  in  the  pre- 
sent insect.  I  have  found  it  in  Florida  and  Pennsylvania.  Dr. 
Pickering  sent  me  an  individual  from  Salem,  Massachusetts.  It 
resembles  marmomtus  nob.,  which  is  a  much  larger  insect  and 
has  the  two  ventral  punctures  like  murium  but  smaller. 

[The  ventral  punctures  mentioned  are  not  specific  but  sexual 
characters. — Lec] 

ATEUCHUS  Fabr. 

A.  humectus. — Blue-black,  glabrous,  impunctured ;  elytra 
with  minute  striae. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

Body  black  with  a  decided  tinge  of  blue  or  violaceous,  impunc- 
tured, glabrous,  polished  :  head  simple,  bidentate  at  tip  :  antennae 
cinereous-black,  dull  ferruginous  at  base  :  thorax  simple,  rather 
convex :  elytra  somewhat  convex,  striae  acute  but  remarkably 
slender  and  slightly  impressed,  not  visible  to  the  unassisted 
eye.  [  5  ] 

Length  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Much  smaller  than  tokens  Fabr.,  which  it  resembles  much  in 
the  form  of  the  head,  but  the  present  species  is  polished  and 
entirely  impunctured. 

[Belongs  to  Canthon. — Lec] 

TROX  Fabr. 

T.  ^equalis. — Elytra  simply  striate,  the  interstitial  spaces  con- 
vex with  ferruginous  fascicles. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  brown-black,  punctured :  palpi  and  antennse  rufous : 
thorax  not  deeply  impressed  along  the  middle  :  elytra  regularly 
and  simply  striated :  interstitial  lines  equal,  a  little  convex,  with 
oblong  fascicles  of  ferruginous  hair ;  feet  black-piceous. 

Length  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

This  species  inhabits  various  parts  of  the  Union,  and  I  re- 
ceived a  specimen  several  years  since,  from  Dr.  Melsheimer,  un- 
der the  name  I  have  adopted.  It  resembles  arenarius  F.  of 
which  however  the  alternate  interstitial  lines  are  more  elevated. 


302  INSECTS   OF   LOUISIANA. 


LAMIA  Fabr. 


L.  crypta. — Clothed  with  dark  ferruginous,  prostrate  hair. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Body  densely  covered  with  short,  prostrate,  dark  reddish  fer- 
ruginous hair,  concealing  the  punctures  :  antennae  not  longer 
than  the  body,  joints  gradually  diminishing  in  [6]  length,  eleven 
in  number,  the  terminal  ones  with  a  gray  basal  annulus  :  thorax 
with  the  anterior  and  posterior  diameters  equal,  with  a  tubercle, 
or  short,  obtuse,  spine  each  side  :  elytra  with  the  slight  punctured 
series  almost  concealed  by  the  hair ;  a  sutural  strise  obliterated 
at  base,  but  passing  around  the  tip  and  uniting  with  a  stria  on 
the  exterior  margin,  which  reaches  the  base ;  tip  rounded. 

Length  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

I  have  seen  no  other  specimen  than  the  individual  sent  me  by 
Mr.  Barabino. 

[It  belongs  to  the  genus  Stenosoma  Muls.,  and  was  described 
by  Haldeman  as  Ataxia  sordida,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  10,  56. — 
Lec] 

ALTICA  F.    [Illiger.] 

1.  A  exapta. — Dark-green;  thorax  with  a  transverse  line; 
feet  tinged  with  piceous. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Body  oblong-oval,  dark-green,  sometimes  with  a  tinge  of  blue  : 
head  not  obviously  punctured:  antenna  tinged  with  piceous, 
particularly  at  base :  mouth  somewhat  piceous  :  thorax  not  ob- 
viously punctured,  with  a  tinge  of  brassy,  narrower  than  the 
elytra,  a  little  indented  each  side  before  the  middle,  and  on  the 
posterior  submargin  an  indented,  obtuse  line,  not  very  profound, 
extending  each  side  to  the  lateral  margin  where  it  curves  ante- 
riorly and  is  lost  in  the  depressed  edge  :  scutel  somewhat  violace- 
ous :  elytra,  distinctly  punctured  on  the  basal  half;  and  having 
a  slight  brassy  tinge :  beneath  greenish-black,  more  or  less,  but 
always  slightly,  tinged  with  brassy  :  tibise  and  tarsi  a  little  tinged 
with  piceous. 

Length  three-twentieths  of  an  inch.  [7 J 

In  comparison  with  the  chalybea  Illig.  this  is  smaller  and  more 
slender  ;  the  color  more  greenish,  though  equally  dark ;  the  tho- 


INSECTS   OF  LOUISIANA.  303 

rax  is  narrower  in  proportion  to  the  width  of  the  elytra,  and  the 
impressed  line  is  mueh  less  profound. 

2.  A.  ocreata. — Pale  honey-yellow ;  antennae,  tibiae  and  tarsi 
black. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Body  pale  honey-yellow ;  antennae,  excepting  the  first  and 
second  joints,  black;  thorax  on  the  posterior  submargin  having  a 
transverse  groove,  which  does  not  reach  the  lateral  margin,  but 
at  its  extremities  it  is  abruptly  reflected  to  the  posterior  edge ; 
elytra  destitute  of  striao ;  feet  with  the  knees,  tibia3,  and  tarsi 
black. 

Length  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Many  species  have  the  groove  on  the  posterior  submargin  of 
the  thorax,  such  as  ignita  Illig.  helxines  Fabr.,  &c.  but  iu  the 
present  species  this  groove,  at  each  of  its  extremities,  is  abruptly 
turned  backward  and  terminates  at  the  posterior  edge  of  the  tho- 
rax. 

HEMIPTERA. 

PENTATOMA  Oliv. 

1.  P.  bifida. — Metasternum  elevated  and  bifid  at  the  tips. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Body  oval,  pale  ochre-yellow,  with  the  impressed  punctures 
dusky  :  head  very  short,  wide  and  obtuse :  antennas,  second  joint 
rather  larger  than  the  third  ;  last  joint  rather  [8]  longer  than  the 
penultimate :  thorax,  posterior  angles  rounded,  not  prominent : 
punctures  distinct,  very  obvious ;  an  impressed  submarginal  an- 
terior line,  curving  backward  towards  the  posterior  angles,  and 
another  near  the  edge  of  the  anterior  emargination  :  scutel,  punc- 
tures remote  ;  white  at  tip  ;  hemelytra,  punctures  nearer  to  each 
other  :  tergum  brownish,  margin  paler  :  beneath  paler  than  above  ; 
intermediate  and  posterior  pairs  of  feet  widely  separated  trans- 
versely by  the  metasternum  (Kirby)  which  is  more  prominent 
than  the  coxa?,  impunctured,  bifarious  at  each  extremity,  ante- 
riorly terminating  midway  between  the  anterior  and  intermediate 
feet  and  receiving  the  extremity  of  the  very  short  promuscis,  pos- 
teriorly receiving  the  prominent  point  of  the  epigastrium  :  venter 
with  an  obtuse  slightly  elevated  carina. 

Length  over  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 


304  INSECTS   OF   LOUISIANA. 

The  species  in  which  this  character  of  the  elevated  metasterntmi 
occurs,  and  in  which  the  tarsi  have  the  usual  number  of  joints, 
may  be  distinguished  as  a  subgenus  under  the  name  of  Ascra. 

[Belongs  to  Edessa,  and  is  probably  one  of  the  Mexican  species 
described  by  the  older  authors. — Uhler.] 

2.  P.  tenebrosa. — Blackish ;  antennae  and  feet  varied  with 
white. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Body  densely  punctured,  blackish :  head  narrow,  long,  acute 
at  the  tip :  eyes  prominent :  antennae,  second  and  third  joints 
equal ;  all  the  joints  white  at  their  bases  excepting  the  first :  ros- 
trum yellowish,  terminating  between  the  posterior  feet:  thorax 
with  prominent,  acute  spines  at  the  posterior  angles,  inclined  a 
little  forwards ;  elevated  behind,  anterior  angles  somewhat  trun- 
cate, not  reaching  [9]  the  eyes,  lateral  edge  simple :  scutel  with  a 
few,  obsolete  yellow  points ;  tip  yellowish  ;  hemelytra  with  a  few 
obsolete,  yellow  points :  feet  yellowish ;  tip  of  the  thighs  and 
points  on  the  tibiae  and  on  the  tarsi  black. 

Length  nearly  half  an  inch. 

PENTATOMA 

P.  hilaris. — Green ;  tips  of  the  three  last  joints  of  the  an- 
tennae blackish  or  rufous. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  bright  green,  punctures  very  numerous  and  dense ;  edges 
of  the  head,  thorax,  hemelytra  and  abdomen  white,  yellowish,  or 
rufous  :  antennae,  second  and  third  joints,  subequal,  the  latter 
longer,  third  and  following  black  or  rufous  at  their  tips :  thorax, 
lateral  edge  rectilinear  from  the  anterior  angle  to  the  posterior 
rounded  angle  :  abdomen  on  the  edge  with  a  black  point  at  each 
incisure  :  rostrum  terminating  between  the  posterior  feet. 

Length  from  half  an  inch  to  more  than  three-fifths. 

It  inhabits  various  parts  of  the  Union.  Nuttall  gave  me  two 
individuals  which  he  obtained  in  Misssouri ;  Mr.  Oemler  sent  me 
one  from  Georgia,  that  varies  in  being  somewhat  shorter  and 
more  robust  than  the  others ;  Mr.  Barabino  sent  me  two,  and  I 
have  also  found  them  abundantly  in  this  State.  A  label  attached 
to  one  in  my  cabinet  says  "  like  pensylvanica  Beauv.  pi.  11,  but 
not  the  same.  I  have  not  present  at  access  to  Beauvois'  work. 
Sexes  alike.  [10] 


INSECTS   OP   LOUISIANA.  305 

[Nczarapenns7/lvanica~Bea,VLV.  (1805)  pi.  11,  fig.  5 :  Rhaphi- 
gaster  sarpinus  Dallas,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hemipt.  (1851)  part  1. 
276. — Uhler.] 

RHINUCHUS   Kirby. 

1.  R.  NASULUS. — Posterior  tibiae,  in  all  their  length,  dilated 
and  compressed. 

Inhabits  Georgia,  Florida  and  Louisiana. 

Body  fuscous  :  head  with  a  projecting  spiniform  termination  : 
antennae  reddish  brown  ;  basal  joint  as  long  as  the  second,  fuscous; 
terminal  joint  longer  than  the  penultimate,  yellowish :  thorax 
with  small,  elevated  dots ;  lateral  angles  more  or  less  prominent : 
hemelytra,  membranaceous  part  blackish :  tergum  on  the  lateral 
margin  with  a  short  whitish  line  at  the  incisures  :  thighs  spinous 
beneath,  posterior  pair  much  thickened  :  tibiae  yellowish ;  poste- 
rior pair  fuscous,  dilated  and  compressed  m  their  whole  length ; 
inner  edge  minutely  denticulate ;  exterior  edge  very  obtusely  a 
little  undulated  :  width  decreasing  to  the  tip. 

Length  one  inch. 

A  large  species.  One  of  the  spines  of  the  posterior  thighs  is 
sometimes  much  more  prominent  than  the  others.  I  received 
several  specimens  from  Mr.  Oemler  of  Savannah,  and  I  obtained 
one  in  Florida  besides  these  sent  me  by  Mr.  Barabino  from 
Louisiana. 

The  posterior  tibiae  are  much  more  slender  at  tip  than  those  of 
compi-essipes  F. 

2.  R.  declivis. — Thorax  dilated  at  the  posterior  angles ,  be- 
neath whitish  sericeous. 

Inhabits  Georgia  and  Louisiana. 

Body  dark  brown  :  head  with  an  acute  or  spinous  tip  :  antennae 
dark  ferruginous,  terminal  joint  paler  :  thorax  [11]  much  elevated 
behind;  the  anterior  declivity  being  almost  vertical  and  sericeous 
with  very  short,  whitish  hairs ;  numerous,  small,  distant  'tuber- 
cles ;  lateral  edge  with  short,  thick  spines ;  posterior  angles 
dilated,  subacute  at  tip :  scutel  with  a  marginal  impressed  line 
and  dull  whitish  tip  :  beneath  whitish  sericeous :  feet  black, 
fuscous  ;  thighs  with  four  or  five  spines  beyond  the  middle,  pos- 
terior pair  not  greatly  dilated ;  posterior  tibiae  dilated  their  whole 
length,  more  prominent  towards  the  exterior  base. 

Length  one  inch  and  one-fifth. 

20 


306  INSECTS   OF   LOUISIANA. 

A  large  species.  The  posterior  tibiae  have  considerable  resem- 
blance to  Drury's  figure  of  those  of  comjiressipes  ¥.,  but  the  pos- 
terior angles  of  the  thorax  are  much  more  dilated. 

REDUVIUS    Fabr. 

B.  pectoralis. — A  complicated  spine  beneath  the  eye,  and 
a  projecting  spine  on  each  side  of  the  pectus  before. 

Inhabits  Indiana,  Florida  and  Louisiana. 

Body  dark  cinereous :  head  spinous  beneath,  canaliculate 
behind:  antennae,  first  joint  more  robust;  second  joint  a  little 
longer ;  third  shortest ;  fourth  nearly  as  long  as  the  third  ;  be- 
neath the  eye  a  branched  spine,  behind  which  is  a  smaller  one: 
base  of  the  head  with  four  tubercles  above,  and  spines  each  side  : 
rostrum,  first  joint  mnch  longest;  thorax  with  impressed  lines, 
somewhat  canaliculate  ;  pectus  before  with  two  parallel,  promi- 
nent, somewhat  arquated  spines  extending  on  each  side  of  the 
tip  of  the  rostrum  ;  anterior  pair  of  feet  a  little  more  robust : 
[12]  thighs  obsoletely  spotted  and  lineated  :  tibise  annulated  :  pos- 
terior feet  much  longest. 

Length  less  than  half  an  inch. 

When  at  rest  the  first  joint  of  the  antenme  is  porrect,  and  the 
remaining  joints  inflected. 

ZELUS  Fabr. 

Z.  bilobus. — Yellowish ;  thoracic  spot,  feet  and  base  and  tip 
of  the  hemelytra  black. 

Inhabits  Georgia  and  Louisiana. 

Body  yellowish,  more  or  less  tinged  with  fulvous  :  elongated  : 

head  elongated,  immaculate  :  antennae :  rostrum  piceous 

on  the  second  and  third  joints  :  thorax  bilobate :  anterior  lobe 
convex,  with  a  longitudinal  impressed  line;  posterior  portion 
with  a  black  disk ;  hemelytra  black,  with  a  yellowish  band  on  the 
tip  of  the  corium,  and  humerus  yellowish  :  feet  black,  long :  post- 
pectus  with  a  blackish  spot  over  the  intermediate  feet :  coxae  and 
trochanters  yellowish. 

Length  over  seven-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  insect  was  sent  to  me  by  Oemler  of  Savannah,  and  by 
Mr.  Barabino  of  Louisiana. 

It  is  a  little  like  taurus  Fabr.,  but  is  much  larger  and  unarmed. 


INSECTS   OF   LOUISIANA.  307 


PETALOCHIRUS  Beauv. 

P.  biguttatus. — Hemelytra  with  a  yellow  spot  beyond  the 
middle  and  another  at  base. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Body  black  :  antennae  brown  :  promuscis  and  feet  dull  honey 
yellow  :  scutel  at  tip  extending  into  an  obtuse  spine :  hemelytra, 
around  the  tip  of  the  scutel  a  yellow  spot,  and  an  orbicular 
one  on  each  beyond  the  middle  :  abdomen  yellowish  on  the 
margin. 

Length  seven-tenths  of  an  inch. 

A  fine  insect,  readily  known  by  the  two  yellow  spots  on  the 
hemelytra.  The  disk  which  occupies  the  extremity  of  the  ante- 
rior tibiae,  in  this  species  is  not  confined  to  the  extremity,  but  ex- 
tends up  the  inner  side  of  the  tibiae,  nor  is  its  limit  so  definite  as 
in  some  other  species. 

[Belongs  to  Pirates,  and  is  P.  mutillarius  Fabr.  Syst.  Bhyng. 
280  :  Herrich  Schaffer,  8,  pi.  269,  fig.  829.— Uhler.] 

^TETTIGONIA  Latr. 

.:  T.  COAQULATA. — Head  and  thorax  irrorate  with  dull  yellow- 
ish ;  anterior  tibiae  subclavate. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Body  dusky,  brownish  :  head  depressed  above,  rather  longer 
than  the  width  between  the  eyes,  rounded  before  and  bounded 
by  an  obtuse  edge ;  not  gibbous  beneath ;  obsoletely  irrorate 
with  dull  yellowish  :  thorax  obsoletely  irrorate  with  dull  yellow- 
ish, which  on  the  scutel  is  still  more  obscure :  hemelytra  sub- 
hyaline,  immaculate,  somewhat  tinged  with  bluish  towards  the 
tip:  tergum  blue-black,  with  a  yellow  lateral  margin,  broader 
towards  the  [14]  base  :  pleura  dusky,  irrorate  with  dull  yellow- 
ish :  pectus  yellowish :  feet  yellowish,  more  or  less  reticulate 
with  blackish  on  the  thighs;  anterior  tibiae  gradually  a  little 
dilated  to  the  tip  and  with  their  tarsi  dusky ;  intermediate  tibiae 
with  a  black  line  ;  posterior  tibiae  with  the  obtuse  spines  of  the 
exterior  side  black,  giving  a  regular  series  of  black  points :  venter 
yellow,  segments  black  at  their  bases. 

Length  under  half  an  inch. 


808  INSECTS   OP  LOUISIANA. 

0, 

In  comparison  with  irrorata  F.,  which  it  most  resembles,  the 

anterior  termination  of  the  head  is  more  obtusely  rounded  trans- 
versely, rather  longer  and  much  less  convex  on  the  inferior  front : 
the  hemelytra  are  more  hyaline  and  are  not  spotted ;  the  color  of 
the  abdomen  is  quite  different  and  the  anterior  tibiae  are  sub- 
clavate. 

HYMENOPTERA. 
SPHEX. 

S.  HABENA. — Black,  head  and  thorax  varied  with  golden. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Front  and  nasus  golden  :  antennae  entirely  black  :  behind  the 
eyes  a  large  golden  spot :  collar  golden :  thorax  with  a  golden 
vitta  each  side,  meeting  before  the  scutel  and  anteriorly  curved 
downward  before  the  wings  and  terminating  in  a  double  spot  on 
the  pleura :  metathorax,  a  transverse  line  under  the  scutel,  disk 
and  line  each  side  extending  to  the  posterior  coxae  golden :  wings 
tinged  with  ferruginous  at  base  and  dusky  towards  the  tip  : 
third  cubital  cellule  triangular,  anteriorly  almost  acute  :  first 
recurrent  [15]  nervure  almost  continuous  with  the  dividing 
nervure  of  the  second  and  third  cellules:  abdomen  entirely 
black,  a  little  sericeous  at  base;  petiole  short,  distinct:  feet  en- 
tirely black. 

Length  over  one  inch. 

Intimately  connected  with  S.  (Chlorion)  iclineurnoneus  F.  but 
aside  from  some  differences  in  the  ^neuration  of  the  wings,  the 
abdomen  and  feet  are  entirely  black. 

DIPTERA. 

SCIAKA  Latr. 

S.  dimidiata. — Black ;  abdomen  dull  fulvous,  black  at  tip. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Female. — Thorax  polished:  wings  fuliginous;  costal  margin 
blackish  ;  middle  nervure  very  distinct :  poisers  blackish :  abdo- 
men dull  fulvous,  with  a  few  blackish  hairs  on  the  three  basal 
joints,  fourth  joint  a  little  darker;  tip  black  :  feet  piceous-black. 

Length  of  the  body  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 


INSECTS   OP   LOUISIANA.  309 

DILOPHUS  Meig. 

D.  stygius. — Black,  polished;  inferior  transverse  wing  ner- 
vure  distinct. 

Inhabits  Louisiana. 

Body  entirely  black,  immaculate,  polished;  thorax  with  the 
anterior  series  of  spines  slightly  interrupted  :  wings  dark  fuli- 
ginous, blackish  on  the  costal  margin  ;  transverse  [16]  nervures 
distinct ;  a  darker  shade  on  the  stigma :  anterior  tibiae  with  a 
series  of  spines  on  the  middle  and  another  at  tip. 

Length  to  the  tip  of  the  wings  about  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

The  ultimate  cross  nervure  joins  the  middle  nervure  before  the 
bifid  portion.  The  sexes  are  alike  in  their  markings.  This  spe- 
cies differs  from  the  orbatus  Wied.,  which  is  destitute  of  an  ob- 
vious ultimate  cross  nervure. 

[The  name  must  be  changed,  as  there  is  another  Dilophus 
stygius  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.  6,  155.  I  would  take 
the  present  to  be  a  synonym  of  D.  orbatus  Say,  if  the  sexes  were 
not  here  stated  to  be  alike  in  their  markings. — Sacken.] 


if®6-" 


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>10  HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA 


Descriptions  of  new  species  of  HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA  of 
North  America, 

New  Harmony,  Indiana,  December,  1831.* 

SCUTELLERA  Lam. 
S.  viridipunctata. — Piceous,  with  green  impressed  punctures- 
Inhabits  Florida. 

Body  entirely  piceous  or  dark-reddish,  with  all  the  punctures, 
above  and  beneath  distinctly  bright  green  ;  thoracic  punctures 
more  numerous  on  the  anterior  lateral  margins :  scutel  with  a 
black  spot  each  side  before  the  middle ;  feet  honey  yellow. 
Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

I  obtained  two  individuals  when  in  East  Florida  with  Mr. 
Maclure. 

[This  is  Pachycoris  cliry&orrhoeus  Fabr.  Syst.  Rhyng,  138  : 
G-ermar.  Zeitsch.  1,  95,  and  is  found  in  S.  Carolina,  Florida  and 
Mississippi. — Uhler.] 

TETYRA  Fab.  Leach. 

1.  T.  marmorata. — Variegated;  costal  margin  with  transverse 
fuscous  lines. 

Inhabits  New  Jersey. 

Body  variegated  with  more  or  less  bright  yellow  and  fuscous ; 
punctures  numerous ;  antennae  pale  reddish-brown ;  scutel  with 
the  fuscous  color  almost  reticulate  :  hemelytra,  coriaceous  portion 
with  transverse  fuscous  lines  or  spots :  tergum  on  the  margin 
with  quadrate  fuscous  spots :  feet  yellow,  with  brown  points. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  insect  is  very  variable  in  the  arrangement  and  bright- 
ness of  its  colors.  It  inhabits  the  Pine  regions  of  New  Jersey, 
whence  several  individuals  were  sent  to  me  by  my  brother,  B. 
Say. 

*This  memoir  is  taken  from  a  reprint  by  Dr.  Asa  Fitch,  in  the  Trans- 
actions of  the  New  York  State  Agricultural  Society  for  1857  ;  I  have 
never  seen  an  original  copy  of  it  and  can  consequently  give  only  the 
paging  of  the  reprint. — Lec. 


HETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA.  311 

2.  T.  fimbriata  nob.,  Amer.  Entom.  vol.  3.  much  resembles 
T.  diana  F.,  which,  however,  is  somewhat  larger,  with  fulvous 
markings  and  blackish  antennae  and  feet.  The  latter  is  a  [756] 
southern  species  and  I  have  obtained  many  specimens  from  New 
Orleans,  preserved  in  a  solution  of  muriate  of  mercury. 

THYREOCORIS  Schrank. 

T.  iiisteroides. — Blackish,  antennae  dull  honey-yellow. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  oval,  greenish-black,  polished,  with  rather  small,  not 
dense  or  profound  punctures;  antenna)  dull  honey-yellow  :  feet 
dark  piceous. 

Length  from  over  three-twentieths  to  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  T.  scarabaeoldes  Linn.,  but  is  larger,  the  puncturing 
is  less  profound  and  not  so  dense.  The  lateralis  F.  has  the  mar- 
gin of  the  hemelytra  white.  It  is  a  common  insect  and  varies  in 
magnitude. 

Nuttall  presented  me  with  a  large  individual  from  Arkansaw. 

[This  is  Corimelaena  nitlduloidcs  Wolff,  Icones  Cimicum,  98, 
tab.  10,  fig.  92,  which  dating  in  1802  has  priority. — Uhler.] 

2.  T.  albipexnis. — Fulvous;  hemelytra  white. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Body  pale  fulvous,  oval ;  head ;  thorax  blackish  before  and  on 
each  side  :  lateral  margin  white  :  scutel  each  side  at  base  with  a 
small  black  spot :  hemelytra  white  with  a  small  rufous  spot :  be- 
neath piceous  :  lateral  margin  of  the  pectus  white. 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch . 

This  insect  is  mutilated  ;  but  it  is  a  very  distinct  species.  I 
obtained  it  on  the  Missouri  river,  when  with  Major  Long's  ex- 
ploring party. 

EDESSA  Fab.  Lat. 

1.  F.  cruciata. — Above  with  a  sanguineous  cross. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  greenish  yellow  :  antennas  pale  rufous :  thorax  with  a 
sanguineous  band  on  the  posterior  margin  extending  upon  the 
lateral  obtuse  angles;  hemelytra,  the  coriaceous  portion,  with 
the  inner  and  posterior  margins  sanguineous,  giving  the  appear- 


312  HETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA. 

auce  of  a  cross  on  the  back  :  beneath  yellowish  :  venter  with  ab- 
breviated, lateral,  slender,  sanguineous  lines,  tip  sanguineous. 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

When  the  hemelytra  are  at  rest  their  sanguineous  margins  re- 
present a  common  cross. 

Curtis  gives  this  genus  the  name  of  Acanthosoma,  but  the 
character  upon  which  it  is  instituted  enters  into  the  natural 
[757]  character  of  Edessa,  as  stated  by  Fabricius,  aSterno  ssepius 
elevato,"  notwithstanding  which,  however,  he  referred  some  of  the 
species  to  another  genus,  probably  without  observing  their  dis- 
tinguishing trait. 

2.  E.  lateralis. — Tergum  sanguineous,  lateral  margin  yellow 
with  a  black  spot. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory  and  Canada. 

Body  yellowish-green,  with  large,  sparse,  dusky  punctures : 
antennae  a  little  tinged  with  rufous ;  terminal  joint  blackish  at 
tip :  thorax  on  the  edge  immediately  behind  the  posterior  lateral 
angles  obtusely  deeply  emarginate  :  hemelytra  slightly  bifasciate 
with  pale  fuliginous  and  a  slight  spot  of  the  same  color  on  the 
membranaceous  portion  :  tergum  sanguineous :  lateral  margin  yel- 
low, interrupted  with  quadrate  black  spots ;  venter  pale  sangui- 
neous, with  deeper  colored  punctures  and  lateral  transverse  ab- 
breviated lines. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

A  smaller  species  than  the  preceding  and  quite  distinct  by 
many  characters.  I  obtained  several  specimens  in  Major  Long's 
expedition  to  the  source  of  St.  Peter's  river. 

PENTATOMA  Oliv.  Lat. 

"j"  Thorax  armed  on  each  side  with  a  spine  or  prominent  angle. 

1.  P.  cynica. — Yellowish,  with  impressed  rufous  punctures; 
antennae  rufous. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Body  yellowish  tinged  with  green ;  with  numerous  impressed 
punctures,  those  beneath  more  strongly  contrasting :  head  before 
the  eyes  rather  wider  near  the  tip  than  in  the  middle  :  antennae 
pale  rufous,  first  joint  oval,  yellowish;  second  joint  considerably 
longer  than  the  third ;  thorax  with  the  posterior  lateral  angles 
prominent,  acute :  anterior  to  which  the  edge  is  granulated;  tergum 


HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA.  313 

rufous ;  lateral  margiu  yellowish-rufous,  with  blackish  incisural 
margins ;  rostrum  robust. 

Length  over  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  insect  was  presented  to  me  by  Nuttall.  It  differs  from 
punctipes  nob.,  inasmuch  as  that  common  species  has  the  second 
joint  of  the  antennae  shorter  than  the  third;  and  ultimate 
joints  are  black  ;  the  punctures  of  the  body  also  are  [758]  black, 
the  feet  have  black  points  and  the  rostrum  is  slender.  The  pre- 
sent species  is  also  larger. 

2  P.  augur. —  Thoracic  spines  pointing  forward;  beneath 
with  five  vittae. 

Inhabits  Georgia. 

Body  rather  slender,  attenuated  from  the  thoracic  spines  to 
the  posterior  extremity;  yellowish-green;  head  with  two  vittae 
of  impressed  black  punctures;  antennae  pale  rufous;  first  joint 
long  oval ;  third  joint  longer  than  the  second ;  thorax,  spines 
acute,  pointing  forwards ;  punctures  of  the  disc  pale  rufous,  of 
the  lateral  margin  blackish ;  scutel  and  hemelytra,  punctures 
blackish  :  beneath  with  three  or  five  vittae  of  black  punctures ; 
thighs  with  black  points. 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

In  most  respects  this  agrees  with  typhaeus  F.,  but  it  has  no 
sanguineous  mark  in  the  middle  of  the  hemelytra.  It  was  sent  to 
me  by  Mr.  Oemler,  of  Savannah. 

3.  P.  emarginata — Bluish;  scutel  with  three  fulvous  dots. 

Inhabits  Georgia. 

Body  purplish  blue ;  rostrum  pale  fulvous ;  thorax  at  posterior 
angles,  with  a  cylindrical  emarginate  spine ;  scutel  having  three 
orbicular  fulvous  spots :  feet  at  base  pale  fulvous :  beneath,  under 
the  rostrum,  region  of  the  feet,  middle  of  the  ventral  base,  anus, 
and  triangular  lateral  spot  fulvous. 

Length  half  an  inch. 

Female. — Thorax  with  the  anterior  and  lateral  margins  and 
longitudinal  line  in  the  middle  dull  fulvous ;  the  two  basal  spots 
of  the  scutel  sometimes  confluent. 

Length  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

The  JJoridanus  Linn.,  is  described  to  be  black,  otherwise  I 
should  suppose  this  to  be  related  to  it;  that  species  is  said  to  be 


:jl4  HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA. 

an  inhabitant  or   South  America.     I  received  this  species  from 
Mr.  Oemler  of  Savannah,  as  an  inhabitant  of  Georgia. 

The  basal  joint  of  the  antennae  is  oblong-oval  and  the  third 
joint  is  rather  longer  than  the  second. 

4.  P.  tristigma- — Venter  with  a  series  of  three  or  four  black 
dots,  the  posterior  one  largest. 

Inhabits  United  States.  [759] 

Above  pale  yellowish-olive  or  whitish-olivaceous,  with  dense 
blackish  punctures  and  a  few  small,  irregular,  scattered,  iinpunc- 
tured  spots  :  posterior  portion  of  the  eye  beneath  whitish :  an- 
tennae rufous:  fourth  and  fifth  joints  brown,  excepting  the  base 
of  the  fourth;  second  joint  considerably  shorter  than  the  third: 
a  black  line  from  the  base  of  the  antennse  to  the  eye :  thorax 
with  the  lateral  angles  rather  prominent,  angulated  but  not  spini- 
forrn ;  lateral  edge  whitish  and  concavely  arquated  :  blue-black, 
on  the  lateral  margin  with  a  pale  dot  on  the  middle  of  each  seg- 
ment :  beneath  yellow,  with  reddish  points,  with  a  black  spot  on 
the  middle  of  each  of  the  three  or  four  posterior  segments,  the 
posterior  one  largest  and  oval :  feet  pale,  with  black  points ;  a 
black  point  at  the  termination  of  each  incisure. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Female,  with- a  black  line  on  the  middle  of  the  one  or  two  pos- 
terior segments  of  the  venter. 

Length  nearly  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  not  rare.  It  resembles  P.  punctipes  nob.,  Jour. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  4,  p.  314,  which  is  so  common  on  thistles, 
&c,  but  is  smaller  and  is  distinguished  by  the  ventral  spots,  and 
black  points  on  the  lateral  edge  of  the  venter. 

5.  P.  serva. — Above  pale  dull  yellowish,  with  dense  black 
punctures  :  head  with  a  black  edge  ;  a  black  line  from  the  base 
of  the  antennae  to  the  eye :  eye  on  the  posterior  portion  whitish : 
antennse  yellowish,  dusky  at  tip,  second  joint  hardly  shorter  than 
the  third :  thorax,  lateral  edge  granulated  and  concavely  ar- 
quated ;  lateral  angles  prominent  but  rounded  :  scutel  whitish  on 
the  posterior  edge  :  tergum  blue-black,  with  yellowish  spots  on 
the  margins: beneath  yellow,  with  a  black  point  at  the  lateral  tip 
of  each  incisure :  feet  with  black  points. 

Length  one-half  an  inch. 
Inhabits  United  States. 


IIETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA.  315 

I  have  found  specimens  in  Pennsylvania  and  Florida.  It  is 
larger  than  P.  punctipes  nob.,  and  the  lateral  thoracic  angles  are 
prominent,  but  not  angulated,  as  they  are  in  that  species.  The 
puncttpes  also  is  destitute  of  the  black  points  at  the  lateral  termi- 
nations of  the  ventral  incisures.  [760] 

f"j"  Thorax  unarmed  irifh  a  yrine. 

0.  P.  ligata. — Dull  olive  green,  external  edge  sanguineous. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Body  olive  green,  rather  dull ;  confluently  punctured  :  antennae 
black;  second  joint  rather  longer  than  the  third  :  thorax,  lateral 
margin  sanguineous  passing  to  yellowish  on  its  inner  side ;  scutel 
at  tip  bright  sanguineous :  hemelytra  sanguineous  on  the  lateral 
margin  nearly  to  the  middle,  abdomen  on  the  lateral  margin  from 
the  middle  to  the  tip  sanguineous  :  beneath  tinged  with  yellow 
on  the  pectus  :  feet  greenish,  yellowish  at  base. 

Length  eleven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Presented  to  me  by  Nuttall  as  a  native  of  Missouri.  The  edge 
of  the  head  is  not  reddish. 

[Is  P.  rufocinctum  H.  Schf,  Wanz.  Ins.  4,  pi.  139,  fig.  436. 
Found  in  Missouri  and  Texas ;  Dr.  Fitch  says,  what  I  very  much 
doubt,  that  it  occurs  in  New  York. — Uhler.] 

7.  P.  laticornis. — Second  joint  of  the  antennae  elongated, 
compressed ;  lateral  margins  of  the  thorax  red. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  somewhat  depressed  ;  marbled  with  fuscous  and  brown- 
ish-cinereous; antennas  second  joint  compressed  and  grooved,  as 
long  as  the  anterior  tibi;  remaining  joints;  ; 

thorax  on  the  lateral  edge  denticulate ;  lateral  margin  rufous :' 
posterior  angles  a  little  prominent,  rounded  :  hemelytra  on  the 
lateral  basal  margin  rufous :  tergum,  margin  alternating  with 
rufous  and  black :  beneath  dusky,  pale  about  the  insertion  of  the 
feet;  rostrum  extending  beyond  the  insertion  of  the  posterior 
feet. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Aspect  of  P.  annulata  F.,  but  widely  distinct.  It  perhaps 
ought  to  be  in  the  previous  division  of  the  genus  inasmuch  as 
the  lateral  thoracic  angles  are  a  little  prominent;  but  they  are 
obtusely  rounded.     Belongs  to  the  genus  Halys  Fabr. 


316  RETEROPTEROTJS   HEMIPTERA. 

8.  P.  senilis. — Long  oval;  tergum  blackish,  with  two  paler 
spots  at  tip. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  greenish-olivaceous,  rather  dull ;  rather  oblong  or  long 
subovate;  with  rather  close-set  punctures,  somewhat  confluent 
on  the  scutel  and  thorax,  more  distinct  on  the  hemelytra,  and 
smaller  and  more  dense  on  the  head :  head  emarginate  at  tip  ; 
tubercle  which  supports  the  antennae  extended  into  an  obvious 
acute  spine  :  antennae  dull  rufous,  a  little  hairy ;  second  joint  [761] 
slightly  longer  than  the  third :  thorax  a  little  paler  on  the  lateral 
margin ;  lateral  edge  rather  concave  than  rectilinear :  hemelytra 
rather  paler  on  the  exterior  margin ;  membranaceous  tip  almost  of 
the  same  color :  tergum  black,  with  a  dull  yellowish  margin ;  pe- 
nultimate segment  with  two  large  obscure  yellowish,  quadrate 
spots. 

Length  over  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  rather  more  slender  than  usual,  and  the  tuber- 
cle which  supports  the  antennae  is  a  little  produced  into  an  acute 
spine. 

9.  P.  hilaris. — Oblong-oval ;  green ;  tips  of  the  three  last 
joints  of  the  antennae  blackish  or  rufous,  the  two  last  whitish  at 
base. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

P.  hilaris  nob.,  New  Sp.  N.  Am.  Ins.  found  by  J.  Barabino, 
1832,  p.  9.     [Ante,  p.  304.] 

Body  bright  green;  punctures  very  numerous  and  dense  ; 
edges  of  the  head,  thorax  and  abdomen,  white  yellowish  or  ru- 
fous; antennae,  second  and  third  joints  subequal,  the  latter 
longer,  third  and  following  black  or  rufous  at  their  tips,  whitish 
at  their  base,  the  ultimate  one  whitish  at  tip ;  thorax,  lateral 
edge  rectilinear  from  the  anterior  angle  to  the  posterior  rounded 
angle  :  abdomen  on  the  edge  with  a  black  point  at  each  incisure  ; 
rostrum  terminated  between  the  posterior  feet. 

Length  from  one  half  to  more  than  three-fiftbs  of  an  inch. 

This  species  inhabits  various  parts  of  the  Union.  Nuttali 
gave  me  two  individuals  which  he  obtained  in  Missouri ;  Mr. 
Barabino  sent  me  two  from  Louisiana,  and  I  have  also  found  it 
in  this  State.    A  label  attached  to  one  in  my  cabinet  says  "  like 


HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA.  317 

pcnsylvanicus  Beauv.   pi.  2,  but  not  the  same."     I  have  not  at 
present  access  to  Beauvois'  work.     Sexes  alike. 

10.  P  abrupta. — Green;  short  oval ;  edges  of  the  head,  thorax 
and  abdomen  whitish. 

Inhabits  Georgia. 

Body  rounded-oval;  immaculate,  densely  punctured;  edges  of 
the  head,  thorax  and  of  the  base  of  the  hemelytra  obsoletely 
whitish  :  antenna,  second  and  third  joints  nearly  equal ;  third 
and  fourth,  black  at  tip ;  fifth 

:  thorax  with  the  anterior  angles 
obtusely  rounded,  a  small  tubercle  at  the  tip  of  the  eye ;  lateral 
[  762  ]  edge  convexly  arquated ;  posterior  angles  obtusely 
rounded  :  beneath  green ;  region  of  the  base  of  the  feet  a  little 
tinged  with  brownish  ;  abdomen  on  the  lateral  edge  whitish  with 
a  black  point  at  each  incisure ;  spiracles  white  with  a  blackish 
point. 

Length  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Much  like  the  preceding,  but  it  is  shorter  and  more  rounded, 
and  the  lateral  edges  of  the  thorax  are  decidedly  arquated.  The 
specimen  is  deficient  in  the  terminal  joint  of  the  antennae.  It 
was  presented  to  me  by  Mr.  Oemler.  I  formerly  supposed  it  a 
variety  of  hilaris. 

11.  P.  inserta. — Thorax  deeply  emarginate  before,  rounded 
each  side ;  venter  with  with  a  series  of  black  dots. 

Inhabits  Missouri  and  Arkansaw. 

Body  oval,  pale  yellowish,  with  numerous  black  punctures  on 
every  part,  excepting  the  membranaceous  portion  of  the  hemely- 
tra :  head  unarmed,  seated  very  deeply  in  the  thorax :  thorax 
profoundly  emarginate  before  for  the  reception  of  the  head; 
lateral  edge  arquated,  so  as  to  include  the  posterior  angles  in 
the  curve ;  line  on  the  middle  and  posterior  narrow  margin  im- 
punctured  :  scutel  with  a  longitudinal  impunctured  line  extend- 
ing to  the  middle :  hemelytra  nervures  impunctured  :  tergum 
black,  densely  punctured  margin  of  the  general  color  :  beneath 
with  two  black  spots  behind  the  anterior  feet;  venter  with  a 
series  of  black  dots ;  lateral  margin  darker  or  blackish  at  the  in- 
cisures ;  feet  with  black  points. 

Length  half  an  inch. 


318  HETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA. 

The  specimen  from  the  Arkansaw  was  given  me  by  Nuttall. 
The  lateral  line  of  the  thorax  is  less  oblique  than  that  of  the 
preceding  species,  and  the  thorax  is  somewhat  more  depressed. 

(Male)  destitute  of  the  ventral  spot  ? 

12.  P.  saucia. — Scutel  with  a  yellowish  line;  hemelytra  with 
a  fuscous  line. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  greenish-yellow ;  punctures  not  dense,  but  rather  more 
so  on  the  head  and  scutel :  antennae  rufous,  paler  at  base ;  basal 
joint  greenish:  supporting  tubercle  with  a  short  acute  conic  spine : 
thorax,  lateral  edge  rectilinear  to  the  posterior  rounded  angle : 
[763]  scutel  with  a  distinct  yellowish  vitta:  hemelytra  with  a 
fuscous  vitta,  not  reaching  the  base  or  tip ;  superior  margin  yel- 
lowish ;  tergum  black,  minutely  rugose,  but  not  punctured ;  mar- 
gin yellowish. 

Length  about  two-fifths  of  an  inch.' 

The  dark  brown  vitta  on  the  hemelytra  is  a  distinguishing 
mark. 

I  took  an  individual  on  the  eastern  shore  of  Virginia,  an- 
other in  Florida,  and  a  third  either  in  Pennsylvania  or  Indiana. 

13.  P.  calva. — Reddish-brown;  head  and  anterior  half  of  the 
thorax  yellowish. 

Inhabits  Virginia. 

Body  reddish-brown,  punctured  :  head  yellowish ;  edge  darker  : 
antennae  rufous ;  first  and  second  joints  green ;  third  joint  a  little 
longer  than  the  second  :  thorax  on  the  anterior  half  yellowish  ; 
lateral  edges  rectilinear :  tergum  sanguineous,  blackish  at  tip, 
beneath  whitish ;  venter  with  a  few  rufous  points  and  some 
clusters  of  rufous  points  each  side  ;  lateral  margin  with  a  black 
point  at  the  incisures. 

Length  about  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

I  caught  this  species  on  Holly  (Ilex.) 

14.  P.  dimidiata. — Anterior  part  of  the  thorax  of  a  different 
color ;  second  joint  of  the  antennae  half  the  length  of  the  third. 

Inhabits  Georgia  and  Florida. 

Body  dull  greenish,  varying  to  almost  reddish-brown :  head 
not  contracting  anteriorly,  rounded  at  tip :  antennae  rufous, 
terminal  joint  a  little  darker  towards  the  tip ;   at  base  paler ; 


IIETEROPTEROUS    HEMIFTERA.  3P» 

second  joint  not  longer  than  the  first,  and  not  more  than  half 
as  long  as  the  third  :  thorax,  rather  more  than  the  anterior  hall' 
yellowish ;  lateral  edge  rectilinear :  tergum  purple-black,  some- 
what polished,  rufous  at  tip ;  sometimes  entirely  rufous,  except- 
ing the  margin,  which  is  yellowish. 

Length  about  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

The  brevity  of  the  second  joint  of  the  antennae,  will  readily 
distinguish  this  species  from  the  preceding.  I  obtained  speci- 
mens in  Florida,  and  an  individual  was  sent  me  from  Georgia  by 
Mr.  Oemler.  [764] 

15.  P.  aequalis. — Cinereous,  with  black  punctures  ;  tergum 
black  with  large  punctures  towards  the  tip. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  dull  cinereous,  with  numerous  rather  large,  black  punc- 
tures ,  head  rather  long,  rounded  at  the  tip  :  antennae  with  close 
set  black  points;  second  and  third  joints  equal:  thorax,  lateral 
edge  nearly  rectilinear,  slightly  concave ;  scutel  scarcely  con- 
tracted before  the  tip,  which  is  rounded ;  tergum  black,  the 
punctures  small  and  sparse  at  base,  and  becoming  large  and 
numerous  towards  the  tip ;  lateral  margin  with  cinereous  spots  : 
beneath  with  black  punctures,  sometimes  assembled  in  groups ; 
feet  with  blaek  points. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

Smaller  than  either  of  the  preceding,  and  the  second  and  third 
joints  of  the  antennae  are  equal. 

16.  P.  rugulosa. — Green,  with  minute,  transverse  rugae ; 
tergum  black  at  base;  antennae  third  joint  short. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  pale  greenish,  with  minute  rugae,  particularly  on  the 
thorax  ;  antennae  third  joint  hardly  more  than  half  the  length  of 
the  second  :  thorax  much  contracted  before ;  lateral  edge  rather 
concave  than  rectilinear  :  tergum  black  at  base,  the  three  ultimate 
segments  and  the  margin  green  :  hemelytra  punctured  :  beneath 
and  feet  with  small  green  punctures. 

Length  over  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

The  third  joint  of  the  antennae  is  very  short  and  small,  and 
the  small  rug®  of  the  thorax  distinguish  this  species. 

17.  P.  undata. — Scutel  but  little  narrowed  at  tip;  lateral 
edge  of  the  head  undulated. 


320  HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  dull  yellowish,  with  numerous  black,  deep  punctures  ', 
head  with  the  lateral  edge  undulated,  the  tip  abruptly  nar- 
rowed, with  a  narrow,  deep  fissure :  antennae  blackish  rufous, 
second  joint  longer  than  the  third :  thorax  with  the  lateral 
narrow  margin  and  longitudinal  line  impunctured ;  lateral  edge 
rectilinear:  scutel  rather  large,  not  being  much  narrowed  at 
tip ;  terguni  black,  punctured,  with  a  yellowish  margin  :  beneath 
[765]  punctures  more  dense  :  venter  black,  punctured;  with  the 
margin  yellow  :  feet  with  black  points. 

Length  about  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

The  scutel  in  its  form  resembles  that  of  the  preceding  species, 
but  the  brevity  of  the  third  joint  of  the  antennae  and  the  undu- 
lated edge  of  the  head  distinguish  it.  I  obtained  this  species 
when  with  Major  Long's  party  in  the  North. 

18.  P.  delia. — Bather  widest  behind  the  middle  ;  scutel  but 
little  narrowed  at  tip. 

Inhabits  Missouri  and  Massachusetts. 

Body  dull-yellowish  green ;  ovate,  being  slightly  widest  be- 
hind the  middle ;  with  rather  large,  profound,  black  punctures 
not  closely  set :  head  somewhat  long ;  the  obtuse  carina  impunc- 
tured :  antennas  rufous,  darker  at  tip ;  second  joint  much  shorter 
than  the  third :  thorax,  lateral  edge  rectilinear ;  lateral  margin 
without  black  punctures ;  anterior  angles  transversely  truncate 
to  receive  the  eyes,  and  without  any  tubercle  ;  posterior  angles 
not  wider  than  the  hemelytra :  scutel  not  much  narrowed  at  tip  ; 
tergum  black  punctured,  margin  yellowish  :  hemelytra,  coria- 
ceous portion  rounded  at  tip  :  beneath  with  a  series  of  black 
points  on  the  margin  and  another  on  the  edge. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

The  scutel  is  not  so  much  narrowed  at  tip  as  usual.  One  was 
presented  to  me  by  Nuttall,  and  another  by  Dr.  Harris. 

19.  P.  calceata. — Green,  thorax  with  a  band,  and  yellow 
spot  each  side  before,  enclosing  a  green  dot :  tarsi  rufous. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Above  green,  densely  punctured  j  antennae  dull  sanguineous ; 
first  and  second  joints  green;  second  and  third  joints  equal; 
ultimate  joint  dusky :  thorax  with  a  yellow  or  rufous  band  be- 


HETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA.  321 

tween  the  lateral  angles ;  on  the  anterior  submargin  are  two 
transverse,  yellow  spots,  each  enclosing  a  green  dot;  lateral 
edge  granulated  and  nearly  rectilinear,  black  or  dark  rufous  ; 
lateral  angles  but  little  prominent,  rounded :  scutel  and  heme- 
lytra  immaculate,  membrane  whitish  or  little  tinged  with  rufous  : 
beneath  yellow,  tinged  with  green  ;  venter  with  a  lateral  sub- 
marginal  series  of  points  and  another  series  of  black  points  on 
the  lateral  edge ;  tarsi  rufous.  [766] 

Length  over  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.     Thoracic  band  obsolete. 

Male  much  smaller ;  the  anterior  portion  of  the  thorax  yellow- 
ish, obliterating  the  two  spots ;  feet  not  obviously  rufous. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

The  variety  of  this  species  was  taken  by  my  brother  in  New 
Jersey. 

One  of  my  male  specimens  has  one  of  the  antennse  not  more 
than  half  the  length  of  the  other,  in  consequence  of  the  un- 
natural brevity  of  the  second,  third  and  fourth  joints,  which  are 
hardly  longer  than  broad;  the  fifth  joint  is  much  compressed  but 
not  dilated. 

20.  P.  nervosa. — Rufous,  with  black  punctures ;  antennae 
second  joint  half  as  long  as  the  third. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Above  rufous  or  deep  testaceous,  with  numerous  separate 
black  punctures  :  head  with  confluent  punctures,  excepting  on 
the  carina :  antennae  dusky  at  tip ;  second  joint  hardly  over 
half  the  length  of  the  third ;  eyes  on  the  posterior  part  whitish : 
thorax,  lateral  edge  impunctured,  and  on  its  anterior  part  almost 
rectilinear,  curving  towards  the  lateral  angles  which  are  hardly 
prominent  beyond  the  humerus,  and  very  obtusely  rounded : 
scutel,  lateral  edge  at  base  arquated  so  as  to  leave  an  obvious 
interval  between  its  basal  angles  and  the  thorax :  hemelytra, 
membrane  with  its  nervures  blackish  :  tergum  blue-black;' margin 
yellowish  with  black  spots  :  beneath  pale  rufous  with  black  punc- 
tures, which  become  rufous  on  the  abdomen ;  a*blackish,  inter- 
rupted, lateral  vitta  from  the  eyes  becomes  obsolete  on  the  venter : 
venter  with  double  black  marginal  spots;  feet  with  black  points. 

Length  nearly  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

The  specimen  is  a  female. 

21 


322  HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 

21.  P.  semivittata. — Pale,  with  confluent  black  punctures  so 
arranged  as  to  leave  three  vittae  on  the  head  and  about  five  on 
the  scutel. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Above  yellowish-white,  with  confluent  black  punctures,  and 
numerous  short  hairs:  antennae  dusky  at  tip;  second  joint 
[767]  rather  longer  than  the  third  :  head  with  three  dull  yellow- 
ish vittae  :  thorax  with  three  vittae,  becoming  obsolete  behind  ; 
lateral  margin  a  little  depressed,  impunctured  ;  lateral  edge  very 
slightly  arquated  ;  lateral  angles  rounded,  not  prominent ;  scutel 
with  five  vittae  confluent  behind  :  tergum  blue-black ;  margin 
with  yellowish,  large,  quadrate  spots :  beneath  yellowish ;  two 
black  lines  before  the  eyes  :  an  interrupted  lateral  vitta  of  black 
punctures  from  the  eyes  nearly  to  the  posterior  extremity :  feet 
immaculate,  tarsi  dusky. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

The  specimen  is  a  female.  It  is  more  than  usually  hairy.  It 
has  some  resemblance  to  Stoll,  fig.  102,  but  is  shorter. 

22.  P.  GAMMA. — Fabr.  (Cimex)  Syst.  Rhyng.,  p.  177,  0.  al- 
bipes,  E.  Ent.  Syst.  suppl.  p.  4  P.  ;  punctipcs  nob.,  Jour.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sci.  v.  1,  p.  313  ?     A  common  species. 

[Say  makes  an  error  in  quoting  Fabricius  for  P.  gamma. 
There  is  no  such  species  either  in  Systema  Rhyngotorum  or  in 
Ent.  Syst.  or  its  supplement.  The  correct  name  is  P.  lugens 
Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  (1794)  4,  125  :  C.  alhipes  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst. 
Suppl.  535  :  C.  punctipes  Beauv.  Ins.  pi.  8,  fig.  6;  Say,  Journ. 
Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  4,  313.— Uhler.] 

23.  P.  bioctjlata  Fabr.  (Cimex)  Syst.  Rhyng.  175. 
Var.  a.  transversa  ?  thoracic  spots  transverse. 

This  species  inhabits  the  Southern  States. 

23.  [bis.]  P.  bifida  nob.  Descr.  of  North  American  Ins., 
found  by  Joseph  Barabino.  [Ante,  p.  303.]  Metasternum  ele- 
vated and  bifid  at  the  tips. 

25.  P.  tenebrosa  nob.,  ibid.  p.  8.  Blackish,  antennae  and 
feet  varied  with  white. 

CYDNUS  Fabr. 
I.  C.  LIGATUS. — Blackish ;  thorax  and  hemelytra  with  a  white 
exterior  edge. 


HETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA.  323 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  piceous-black  :  head  emarginate  :  antennae,  second  joint 
dull  rufous ;  ultimate  two  joints  rather  long :  thorax  with 
numerous  punctures,  before  the  middle  impunctured ;  lateral 
edge  white :  hemelytra  on  the  lateral  edge  white :  abdomen 
excepting  at  base,  with  a  white  edge :  tibiae  white  on  the  exte- 
rior edge. 

Length  about  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

It  is  smaller  than  biliueatus  nob.,  and  larger  than  spinifrons 
nob.,  and  very  different  from  either  by  many  characters.  A 
very  common  species.  It  much  resembles  the  binotatus,  but  is 
destitute  of  the  white  spots  of  the  hemelytra.  [768] 

[Described  also  as  Sehirus  albonotatus  Dallas,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat. 
Hempt.  part  1,  127. — Uhler.] 

2.  C  bilineatus  nob. 

Var.  a.  picea.     Entirely  light  piceous. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

[Belongs  to  Aethus  Dallas.] 

GONOCERUS  Lat. 

G-.  antennator  Fabr.  The  author  describes  this  species  to 
have  the  second  joint  of  the  antennae  scabrous  and  the  "  ultimo 
claviformi."  Now  if  these  characters  are  correct,  a  species  in 
my  collection,  and  which  is  not  rare,  is  altogether  new ;  but 
this  I  consider  doubtful.  I  will  however  state  the  differential 
characters,  viz : 

Gr.  dubius. — Antennae,  first  joint  scabrous  or  with  short 
spines;  ultimate  joint  oblong  oval. 

Length  nearly  half  an  inch. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania  and  Indiana. 

It  is  probably  the  insect  that  naturalists  refer  to  antennator  F. 

[Appears  to  be  Coreus  antennator  Fabr.  Syst.  Rhyng.  198  : 
it  belongs  to  Chariesterus,  and  is  C.  moestus  H.  Schf.  7,  pi.  217, 
fig.  681.— Uhler.] 

SYROMA[S]TES   Lat. 
1.  S.  replexulus. — Reddish-brown ;  head  carinate  before. 
Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 
Body  reddish-brown,  with  rather  large,  confluent  punctures : 


324  HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 

head  not  extending  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  basal  joint 
of  the  antennae,  obviously  carinate  between  the  antennae,  tuber- 
cles each  side  of  the  antennae;  acute  :  antennas,  first  joint  robust, 
rough,  much  narrowed;  second  joint  shorter  than  the  third;  ter- 
minal joint  half  as  long  as  the  third  :  thorax,  lateral  margin  a 
little  reflected,  the  edge  concavely  arquated;  posterior  angles 
rounded ;  anterior  angles  prominent,  acute :  scutel  narrowed  be- 
fore the  tip  :  hemelytra,  corium  yellowish,  rufous  near  the  scutel ; 
nervures  very  distinct ;  lateral  edge  a  little  reflected ;  membrane 
hyaline  :  beneath  greenish-yellow ;  feet  pale  rufous ;  posterior 
thighs  dilated,  spinous  beneath. 

Length  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

The  rostrum  hardly  reaches  the  posterior  coxae.  The  last  joint 
of  the  antennae  is  elongate-oval  and  much  shorter  than  the  pre- 
ceding joint,  as  defined  by  Latreille  in  this  genus. 

2.  S.  fraterculus.^— Anterior  point  of  the  head  extending 
nearly  to  the  tip  of  the  first  joint  of  the  antennae. 

Inhabits  Georgia  and  Indiana.  [  769  }; 

Closely  resembles  the  preceding  species,,  but  is  smaller ;  the 
anterior  tip  of  the  head  extends  nearly  or  quite  to  the  tip  of  the 
first  joint  of  the  antennae;  the  lateral  margin  of  the  corium  is 
very  distinctly  punctured  with  black ;  the  membrane  is  marked 
with  a  longitudinal  obsolete  brown  line  and  small  points ;  the 
general  color  is  darker ;  the  tergum  is  sanguineous,  black  at  base. 

Length  less  than  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

A  small  specimen  was  sent  to  me  by  Mr.  Oemler,  from  the 
vicinity  of  Savannah,  and  I  have  obtained  the  two  sexes  in  In- 
diana. 

3.  S.  obliqtjus. — All  above  punctured ;  rostrum  and  head 
rather  short. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  pale  yellowish-rufous  :  head  obviously  punctured,  not  ex- 
tending to  the  tip  of  the  first  joint  of  the  antennae ;  antennas,  first 
joint  robust;  second  hardly  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  third: 
thorax  with  rather  large  punctures ;  no  obvious  transverse  im- 
pressed line :  hemelytra,  on  the  corium  with  large  separate 
punctures ;  posterior  edge  very  oblique  and  elongated ;  mem- 
brane immaculate,  undulated  by  the   nervures :   beneath  more 


HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA.  325 

obviously  tinged  with  rufous ;  feet  paler ;  rostrum  hardly  reach- 
ing the  intermediate  coxae. 

Length  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

It  may  be  distinguished  by  the  remarkable  obliquity  of  the 
terminal  line  of  the  corium. 

COREUS  Fi  Latr. 

1.  C  conpluentus  [confluens]. — -Pale  brownish ;  thorax 
bilineate  ;  abdomenwith  a  spotted  margin. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

Body  depressed  with  numerous  minute  hairs,  pale  yellow- 
brown  :  thorax  with  a  transverse,  slightly  elevated  line  on  the 
posterior  submargin;  two  broad  black  vittae,  confluent  before, 
and  suddenly  narrowed  on  the  posterior  margin ;  a  black  lateral 
marginal  vitta  before ;  posterior  angles  obtusely  rounded  :  scutel 
at  base  and  an  abbreviated  line  black :  hemelytra  immaculate ; 
corium  finely  reticulate :  abdomen  dilated  ;  tergum  on  [  770  ] 
the  margin  alternating  with  blackish  and  yellowish  :  beneath 
blackish  varied  with  yellowish ;  feet  blackish  ;  knees  and  coxae 
fulvous. 

Length  three-fourths  of  an  inch. 

This  is  a  dilated  and  somewhat  depressed  species. 

2.  C.  diffusus. — Brownish ;  abdomen  dilated ;  antennae  and 
feet  blackish. 

Inhabits  Georgia. 

Body  depressed  pale  yellowish-brown;  with  short  hairs;  di- 
lated :  head  unarmed,  the  middle  of  the  tip  not  reaching  the 
base  of  the  first  joint  of  the  antennae :  antennae  blackish,  hairs 
very  obvious  ;  basal  joint  a  little  excurved  ;  second  joint  a  little 
longer  than  the  third  :  thorax  somewhat  transversely  punctured ; 
lateral  edge  irregularly  denticulated,  particularly  anteriorly; 
posterior  angles  very  obtusely  rounded :  scutel  black  in  the 
middle  :  hemelytra  immaculate ;  corium  finely  reticulate ;  the 
disks  of  the  basal  cellules  blackish  :  abdomen  dilated ;  margin 
elevated  and  with  a  series  of  black  points  on  the  edge ;  feet 
blackish  piceous. 

Length  seven-tenths  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  the  conjluenta  nob.,  but  is  somewhat  more  dilated 


326  HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA. 

and  the  anterior  lateral  edge  of  the  thorax  is  rectilinear ;  whereas 
in  that  species  it  is  arquated. 

This  insect  was  sent  me  by  Mr.  Oemler  of  Savannah,  who  took 
it  in  the  neighborhood  of  that  city. 

ANISOSCELIS  Latr. 

1.  A.  CORCULUS. — Fuscous;  antennae  rufous;  posterior  tibiae 
dilated,  not  sinuous. 

Inhabits  Florida. 

Body  reddish-brown,  rather  dark,  minutely  and  densely  punc- 
tured :  head  simple,  with  three  rufous  lines  :  antennae  rufous ; 
basal  joint  much  shorter  than  the  second,  blackish  above,  second 
joint  longest;  ultimate  joint  rather  shorter  than  the  preceding 
one,  fuscous :  thorax  with  the  angles  not  prominent,  rounded  : 
scutel  undulated  on  the  disc :  tergum  on  the  lateral  margin 
with  yellowish  lines  at  the  incisures:  beneath  dull  rufous  with 
numerous  black  points ;  rostrum  extending  to  the  middle  of  the 
venter :  thighs  blackish  above  towards  the  tip,  spinous  beneath, 
[771]  posterior  pair  a  little  thickened;  tibiae  dull  yellowish; 
posterior  pair  dilated,  not  undulated  on  the  edge,  fuscous  with 
small  yellowish  spots ;  the  dilatation  not  continued  to  the  tip ; 
inner  edge  with  a  few  short  spines. 

Length  four-fifths  of  an  inch. 

I  obtained  two  individuals  on  St.  John's  river.  In  one  of  the 
two  specimens  the  nervures  on  the  middle  of  the  hemelytra  are 
of  a  paler  color,  as  if,  in  some  individuals,  a  pale  band  might 
exist  in  that  part. 

2.  A.  albicinctus. — Ferruginous ;  hemelytra  with  a  white 
band ;  posterior  tibiae  dilated,  sinuated. 

Inhabits  Florida. 

Body  above  light  reddish-brown  or  ferruginous  :  antennae, 
basal  joint  blackish  :  head  blackish,  with  three  yellowish  lines ; 
thorax  with  short  hair ;  elevated  behind ;  lateral  angles  sub- 
acute ;  hemelytra  with  a  slender,  white,  transverse  line ;  mem- 
branous part  blackish  :  beneath  yellowish,  with  irregular,  black 
punctures :  feet  reddish-brown  ;  thighs  spinous  beneath ;  pos- 
terior tibiae  foliaceous,  two  or  three  toothed  on  the  posterior  edge, 
the  superior  tooth  smallest ;  a  double  hyaline  spot,  bisected  by 
the  lateral  carina ;  tip  not  dilated. 


HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA.  327 

Length  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  balteatus  Linn.  But  according  to  Drury's  figure, 
that  species  has  simple  posterior  tibiae.  It  is  still  more  like  L. 
phyUopus  Linn.,  which,  however,  has  the  white  line  undulated 
and  oblique,  as  figured  by  Stoll,  the  posterior  thighs  more  elon- 
gated and  the  posterior  tibiae  still  more  dilated,  particularly  on 
the  inner  side,  than  this  species. 

It  is  common  in  Florida.  The  male  has  but  two  denticula- 
tions  on  the  dilated  edge  of  the  posterior  tibia),  whilst  the  female 
has  three )  the  sinuations  of  the  edge  correspond  with  the  num- 
ber of  teeth. 

3.  A.  oppositus. — Reddish-brown ;  hemelytra  with  a  white 
point  in  the  middle  of  the  corium ;  antennse  rufous ;  head  tri- 
lineated  ;  posterior  tibiae  dilated  and  sinuated. 

Inhabits  Indiana.  [  772  ] 

This  is  very  closely  allied  to  albicinctus  nob.,  but  is  uniform 

in  its  differential  characters.     It  may  be  known  by  the  small 

white  point  of  the  hemelytra. 

4.  A.  declivis  nob.  (Rliiitfickus  Kirby)  New  Sp.  N.  Am.  Ins. 
found  by  Jos.  Barabino,  p.  10.  [Ante,  p.  305.]  Thorax  dilated  at 
the  posterior  angles ;  beneath  whitish  sericeous ;  posterior  tibiae 
dilated  and  compressed  their  whole  length,  more  prominent 
towards  the  exterior  base. 

Inhabits  Georgia  and  Louisiana. 
Length  one  inch  and  one-fifth. 

5.  A.  nasulus  nob.  ( " )  ibid.  p.  10.   [Ante,  p.  305.] 

Thorax,  lateral  angles  more  or  less  prominent;  posterior  tibiae 
dilated  and  compressed  all  their  length ;  inner  edge  minutely 
denticulate ;  exterior  edge  a  little  undulated ;  width  decreasing 
to  the  tip. 

Inhabits  Georgia,  Florida,  Louisiana. 

Length  one  inch. 

This  genus  seems  to  include  Petalopus  and  Rhinuclms  Kirby,  of 
whicb,  however,  I  have  not  seen  the  characters  stated,  which  alone 
can  establish  a  generic  name. 


328  HETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA. 


BERYTUS  Fabr. 

B.  muticus. — Unarmed  :  a  short  groove  betweeen  the  an- 
tennae. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  punctured;  pale  yellowish  brown,  unarmed  :  head  not 
much  narrowed  before,  the  tip  rounded  downwards  and  com- 
pressed ;  and  with  a  profound  short  groove  above  :  thorax  with 
a  glabrous  line  :  scutel  carinate,  acute  at  tip,  but  not  produced 
into  a  spine  :  hemelytra,  corium  with  the  punctures  dilated  :  be- 
neath blackish  along  the  middle  to  the  middle  of  the  venter. 

Length  nearly  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Quite  distinct  from  the  tipularis  F.,  of  which  the  head  is  elon- 
gated before  and  hemelytra  are  spotted ;  and  from  the  spinosus 
nob.,  by  being  destitute  of  spines  before  the  posterior  coxae  and 
on  the  scutel. 

LYGAEUS  F.  Latr. 

1.  L.  sa'ndarachatus. — Hemelytra  yellowish,  with  a  black 
band  and  tip ;  venter  sanguineous  with  a  lateral  black  vitta. 

Inhabits  Mexico.  [773] 

Head  sanguineous,  with  an  abbreviated  line  above  the  ros- 
trum, and  more  or  less  dilated  orbits  and  vertex,  black :  antennae 
and  rostrum  black  :  thorax  black,  anterior  margin  white ;  lateral 
margin  yellowish,  tinged  with  sanguineous  before ;  a  dorsal  slender 
yellowish  line  slightly  elevated  before :  scutel  black,  yellow  at 
tip  :  hemelytra  pale  yellow,  a  band  on  the  middle  and  membra- 
nous at  tip,  black ;  pectus  and  postpectus  black  with  whitish  in- 
cisures and  margins  :  venter  sanguineous,  with  white  incisures 
and  lateral,  abbreviated  black  vittae  :  feet  black,  coxae  sanguineous. 

Var.  a.  Anterior  thighs  sanguineous. 

Var.  b.  Head  above  black,  with  three  abbreviated  sanguineous* 
lines. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  mimus  nobis,  which,  however,  has  no  appearance 
of  the  thoracic  dorsal  line  or  lateral  ventral  vittae. 

2.  L.  pacetus. — Black,  with  rufous  margins  and  thoracic  line. 
Inhabits  Florida. 

Body  black,  opake,  head  at  tip  narrowed  and  half  the  length 


HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA.  329 

of  the  basal  joint  of  the  antennae  :  antennae  second  joint  longest, 
ultimate  joints  rather  longer  than  the  third  :  thorax  with  two 
transverse  punctured  indentations  on  the  anterior  margin  and 
middle;  margin  pale  rufous,  interrupted  near  the  anterior 
angles :  a  longitudinal  rufous  line  not  reaching  the  anterior 
margin :  scutel,  disk  elevated  in  the  form  of  a  T,  which  is  pale 
rufous  at  tip :  hemelytra  on  the  lateral  and  terminal  margins 
pale  rufous :  abdomen  pale  rufous  on  the  margin  :  pectus,  ante* 
rior  and  lateral  margins  pale  rufous. 

Length  over  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

I  took  several  specimens  in  Florida. 

3.  L.  bistriangularis. — Black,  base  of  the  hemelytra  and 
venter  sanguineous. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

Head  black :  thorax  black  :  lateral  margin  behind  the  middle 
and  posterior  edge  sanguineous ;  scutel  black  :  hemelytra  san- 
guineous, membranous  portion  black  with  a  slight  edging  of 
whitish  :  pectus  and  postpectus  fuscous  ;  feet  black  ;  venter  san- 
guineous with  a  black  tip.  [774] 

Length  over  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Allied  to  bicmcis  nob.,  but  is  not  half  so  large,  and  the  coloring 
of  the  thorax  is  quite  different. 

4.  L.  reclivatus  nob.  Var.  a.  enotus.  Destitute  of  the 
white  spot  of  the  membranaceous  portion  of  the  hemelytra. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

5.  L.  leucopterus  [Chinch  bug.]  Blackish,  hemelytra  white 
with  a  black  spot. 

Inhabits  Virginia. 

Body  long,  blackish,  with  numerous  hairs :  antennae,  rather 
short  hairs :  second  joint  yellowish,  longer  than  the  third;  ulti- 
mate joint  rather  longer  than  the  second,  thickest :  thorax  tinged 
with  cinereous  before,  with  the  basal  edge  piceous  :  hemelytra 
white,  with  a  blackish  oval  spot  on  the  lateral  middle ;  rostrum 
and  feet  honey-yellow  :  thighs  a  little  dilated. 

Length  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

I  took  a  single  specimen  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Virginia. 

The  whiteness  of  the  hemelytra  in  which  is  a  blackish  spot 
strongly  contrasted,  distinguishes  this  species  readily. 


330  HETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA. 

6.  L.  disconotus. — Blackish  :  third  joint  of  the  antennas 
much  shorter  than  the  fourth :  hemelytra  dull  whitish. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Body  blackish,  punctured,  rather  wider  behind :  head  a  little 
convex  :  antennae  first  and  second  joints  yellowish  :  third  equal  to 
the  first ;  fourth  joint  almost  double  the  length  of  the  third,  and 
as  long  or  rather  longer  than  the  second ;  thorax  very  slightly 
contracted  each  side  of  the  middle  :  basal  half  and  anterior  edge 
piceous ;  hemelytra  dull  yellowish-white,  punctured ;  membrane 
on  the  disc  brown ;  tip  wide  and  obtusely  rounded  :  feet  whitish ; 
thighs  honey-yellow,  anterior  pair  a  little  more  dilated ;  postpectus 
with  a  pure  white  posterior  margin. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an 
inch. 

7.  L.  geminatus. — Hemelytra  with  two  small  central  spots, 
and  four  on  the  posterior  edge  of  the  membrane. 

Inhabits  Indiana  and  Missouri. 

Body  dull  greenish-yellow ;  head  dull  fulvous,  blackish  each  side 
behind  :  antennae  obscure  rufous;  first  joint,  incisures  and  [775] 
terminal  joint  black  :  rostrum  extending  a  little  beyond  the  origin 
of  the  posterior  feet :  thorax  with  the  transverse  impression  rather 
deep  and  blackish  :  scutel  dull  fulvous,  blackish  on  the  basal 
margin :  hemelytra  on  the  corium  tinged  with  yellowish,  almost 
hyaline,  and  having  on  the  middle  two  approximate,  abbreviated 
fuscous  lines  and  on  the  posterior  edge  four  or  three  fuscous, 
small  dots ;  membrane  pellucid  :  beneath  black-piceous ;  a  white 
line  over  the  insertion  of  the  posterior  pairs  of  feet,  and  a  honey- 
yellow  line  over  the  anterior  pair :  feet  honey-yellow,  immacu- 
late ;  tarsi  blackish. 

Length  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Nuttall  presented  to  me  an  individual  which  he  took  in  Mis- 
souri, and  I  obtained  others  in  this  State. 

8.  L.  scolopax. — Hemelytra  with  a  rufous  tip  of  the  corium; 
rostrum  extending  to  the  middle  of  the  venter. 

Inhabits  Missouri  and  Indiana. 

Body  yellowish,  inclining  on  the  head  and  scutel  to  obscure 
fulvous  :  punctured :  head,  punctures  obsolete,  tip  a  little  longer 
than  the  basal  joint  of  the  antennae ;  antennae  black ;    second 


HETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA.  331 

]<jiut  equal  to  or  slightly  longer  than  the  third  :  thorax  with  the 
anterior  margin  and  transverse  impressed  line  black :  scutel 
blackish  each  side  of  the  middle ;  the  middle  line  impunctured  : 
heruelytra,  corium  yellowish,  a  dull  rufous  spot  at  its  tip :  mem- 
brane milky  white  with  pale  brownish  spots ;  tergum  fulvous 
-potted  with  black  as  well  on  the  disc  as  on  the  margin :  be- 
neath more  or  less  spotted  with  blackish ;  blackish  along  the 
middle ;  around  the  origin  of  the  feet  yellow  ;  feet  obscurely 
annulated ;  rostrum  extending  to  the  middle  of  the  venter. 

Length  less  than  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

I  obtained  a  specimen  at  Council  Bluff  and  one  in  Indiana. 

9.  L.  numenius. — Hemelytra  with  a  pale  rufous  tip  of  the 
corium;  rostrum  as  long  as  the  body. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  greenish-yellow  :  head  long,  the  tip  extending  beyond 
the  first  joint  of  the  antennae:  antennae  pale  yellowish;  first 
joint  rather  short;  second  joint  a  little  longer  than  the  third  : 
fourth  joint  tinged  with  honey-yellow  :  thorax  with  separate  punc- 
tures, anterior  edge  and  dorsal  line  impunctured;  transverse 
F776]  indentation  interrupted  by  the  dorsal  lines:  scutel  pale 
rufous  each  side :  hemelytra  with  a  pale  rufous  spot  at  tip  of  the 
corium ;  membrane  with  an  obsolete  fuliginous  line  in  the  mid- 
dle :  tergum  on  the  lateral  margin  with  pale  rufous  spots :  be- 
neath tinged  with  rufous ;  feet  pale :  rostrum  extending  to  the 
tip  of  the  abdomen. 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  scolopax  nob.,  but  the  second  joint  is  obviously 
longer  than  the  third,  and  the  rostrum  is  more  elongated.  I  do 
not  recollect  in  what  part  of  the  Union  I  took  this  species. 

10.  L.  falicus. — Elongated ;  hemelytra  yellowish  with  brown 
nervures. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Body  blackish,  elongated  somewhat  depressed ;  antennae  short, 
robust,  hairy ;  second  joint  longest :  thorax  of  the  basal  margin 
piceous ;  transversely  a  little  depressed  in  the  middle  and  with  a 
longitudinal  indentation  before  the  middle  :  scutel  with  a  carinate 
line  :  hemelytra  shorter  than  the  abdomen,  dull  yellowish,  with 
brown  nervures ;  corium  short  and  very  oblique  at  tip ;  membrane 


332  HETEROPTEROTJS    HEMIPTERA. 

long  but  little  different  in  appearance  from  the  corium :  abdomen, 
margined  with  rufous;  feet  rufous;  thigbs  a  little  thickened. 
Length  over  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

PAMERA*,  Lepel.  and  Serv.,  nob. 

1.  P.  constricta. — Black  ;  thorax  constricted  near  the  mid- 
dle ;  hemelytra  with  hyaline  lines ;  anterior  thighs  dilated. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  black,  punctured  :  antennas,  second  and  third  joints  dull 
honey  yellow ;  terminal  joint  slightly  thicker  than  the  third : 
thorax  convex,  constricted  a  little  behind  the  middle ;  anterior 
to  the  stricture  impunctured ;  posterior  angles  with  an  oblong 
tubercle  above  :  posterior  margin  snmewhat  piceous  :  hemelytra 
fuscous,  with  whitish  lines  and  spots,  those  of  the  membrane 
arquated :  feet  greenish-yellow ;  thighs  annulated  with  black 
at  tip;  anterior  pair  dilated,  spinous  beneath,  black,  yellowish 
at  tip  and  base :  tibiae,  anterior  pair  slightly  thickened  at  tip. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch.  [777] 

Male. — Hemelytra  pale  with  fuscous  points  and  lines. 

Length  about  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

2.  P.  contracta. — Blackish ;  thorax  constricted  near  the 
base;  hemelytra  at  base  and  two  spots  hyaline;  anterior  thighs 
dilated. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  piceous-black  :  head  with  a  few  hairs  :  antennae  pale 
yellowish,  terminal  joints  fuscous;  thorax  subcylindric,  with 
hairs ;  much  contracted  behind  the  middle ;  behind  the  stric- 
ture piceous,  punctured :  scutel  punctured  :  hemelytra  punctured 
at  base,  fuscous,  base  of  the  corium  and  spot  near  its  tip  and 
spot  at  tip  of  the  membrane  whitish  :  feet  yellowish :  anterior 
thighs  dilated,  spinous  beneath  towards  the  tip  and  piceous  in 
the  middle  :  anterior  tibiae  a  little  dilated  at  tip. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

I  obtained  this  species  on  the  expedition  of  Major  Long  to 
the  sources  of  the  St.  Peter's  river.  It  is  much  like  constrictus 
nob.,  but  the  thoracic  stricture  is  a  little  nearer  to  the  posterior 

*  The  original  word  of  these  authors  is  Pachymera,  which  Latreille 
informs  us  is  preoccupied. 


HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA.  333 

margin,  and  the  arrangement  of  colors  on  the  hemelytra  is  dif- 
ferent. 

3.  P.  vincta. — Thorax  constrained  near  the  base,  and  with  a 
transverse  line  before ;  hemelytra  whitish  with  a  fuscous  spot. 

Inhabits  Florida. 

Body  blackish,  punctured;  antennae,  basal  joint  yellowish, 
tipped  with  black;  remaining  joints ;  thorax  much  con- 
stricted behind  the  middle,  subcylindric,  anterior  margin  with 
a  transverse  impressed  line,  anterior  to  which  the  margin  is 
piceous ;  posterior  margin  of  the  stricture  with  a  cinereous  re- 
flection ;  basal  edge  piceous  ;  scutel  with  a  carinate  line ;  heme- 
lytra yellowish-white  and  punctured  on  the  corium,  the  posterior 
margin  of  which  is  fuscous  ;  membrane  milk-white :  abdomen  on 
the  margin  dull  rufous ;  feet  whitish ;  anterior  thighs  honey- 
yellow,  dilated. 

Length  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

Differs  from  contractu  nob.,  in  size,  arrangement  of  colors,  and 
by  the  very  distinct,  impressed  line  before.  [778] 

4.  P.  fera. — Blackish ;  thorax  transversely  indented  behind 
the  middle ;  feet  piceous ;  anterior  thighs  dilated. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  blackish;  antennae  piceous  terminal  joint  darker:  thorax 
a  little  transversely  indented  behind  the  middle,  but  not  affecting 
the  lateral  edge ;  lateral  narrow  margin  depressed,  yellowish  and 
almost  translucent  behind  the  middle  :  hemelytra  piceous  :  mem- 
brane with  a  pale,  translucent  spot  at  tip  of  the  corium  :  beneath 
black ;  rostrum  and  feet  piceous ;  anterior  thighs  much  dilated 
and  spinous  beneath ;  anterior  tibiae  arquated,  dilated  at  tip  on 
the  inner  side. 

Length  under  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

Male. — Hyaline  spot  of  the  membrane  very  obvious.  Length 
nearly  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.  Thorax  behind  the  stricture  piceous;  feet  entirely 
honey-yellow. 

5.  P.  una. — Punctured;  antennae  hairy;  anterior  thighs  di- 
lated ;  thorax  a  little  indented  transversely  behind  the  middle ; 
lateral  edge  arquated. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 


334  HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 

Body  piceous-blaek ;  punctures  numerous,  distinct  profound  : 
antennae  distinctly  hairy,  dull  honey-yellow :  thorax  transversely 
a  little  indented  behind  the  middle,  and  posterior  to  which  the 
punctures  are  large  and  more  distant ;  lateral  very  narrow  mar- 
gin depressed  and  somewhat  translucent;  lateral  edge  a  little 
arquated  at  the  middle;  hemelytra  piceous;  punctures  distinct, 
distant  on  the  corium  ;  membrane  dusky  with  two  or  three  hyaline 
arquations  and  obsolete  at  tip  of  the  corium :  feet  piceous ;  ante- 
rior thighs  dilated,  with  about  one  small  spine  beneath ;  anterior 
tibiae  a  little  dilated. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  /era  nob.,  but  the  lateral  thoracic  edge  of  that 
species  is  rectilinear. 

5.  P.  pallax. — Anterior  thighs  dilated ;  thorax  with  the 
lateral  margin  dull  whitish  with  brown  spots. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  blackish,  punctured  :  thorax  on  the  posterior  portion  pale, 
but  so  densely  covered  with  blackish  punctures  as  to  appear 
[  779  ]  blackish ;  lateral  margin  depressed,  narrow,  dull  whitish 
or  yellowish,  with  a  series  of  brown  punctures  furnishing  hairs  ; 
scutel  with  two  yellowish  lines  behind,  confluent  at  tip :  heme- 
lytra dull  yellowish  with  blackish  punctures ;  membrane  a  little 
clouded  with  dusky;  rostrum  piceous;  a  yellowish  spot  and  line 
over  the  incisure  of  each  foot ;  coxae  and  trochanters  pale  yel- 
lowish ;  thighs  somewhat  robust,  anterior  pair  thickest  and  with 
a  small  spine  beneath ;  tibiae  dull  yellowish. 

Length  less  than  one  fifth  of  an  inch. 

The  thorax  is  rectilinear  on  the  lateral  edge,  as  in  /era  nob., 
but  in  that  species  the  anterior  part  of  the  lateral  thoracic  mar- 
gin is  not  depressed,  and  the  hemelytra  are  distinguished  by  a 
whitish  spot. 

7.  P.  bilobata. — Honey-yellow ;  hemelytra  whitish,  with  a 
fuscous  band  and  spot  at  tip  of  the  corium. 

Inhabits  Louisiana  and  Mexico. 

Body  pale  honey-yellow  or  dusky,  somewhat  hairy  ;  antennae, 
terminal  joint  fuscous,  slightly  longer  than  subequal  to  the  pre- 
ceding and  a  little  thicker  :  rostrum,  second  joint  whitish,  third 
dusky  :  thorax  with  the  anterior  lobe  longer,  transverse  quad- 
rate ;  posterior  lobe  not  more  elevated,  but  separated  from  the 


HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA.  335 

anterior  body  by  a  profound  contraction,  and  a  little  wider  :  he- 
melytra  whitish ;  coriuni  with  a  fuscous  band  on  the  middle  and 
spot  at  tip  :  thighs  pale  honey-yellow,  fuscous  towards  their  tips; 
anterior  pair  dilated,  spinous,  beneath  blackish ;  pectus  and  post- 
pectus  black  on  the  middle  :  venter  black,  margin  piceous. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

This  varies  considerably  in  the  coloring  of  the  head  and 
thorax,  which  are  sometimes  even  obscure  cinereous,  with  obso- 
lete blackish  lines,  and  on  the  posterior  part  of  the  thorax  of 
many  specimens  are  three  distinct  black  lines.  It  resembles 
vincta  nob.,  which,  however,  is  not  banded  in  the  middle  of  the 
corium. 

8.  P.  dorsalis. — Thorax  with  a  whitish  line;  three  last  joints 
of  the  antennae  subequal. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  dull  honey-yellow,  punctured  :  head  with  an  obsolete 
whitish  line  :  antennae  rather  robust,  dull  rufous  ;  joints  a  little 
[780]  thicker  to  the  tip;  first  joint  longest;  remaining  joints 
subequal ;  ultimate  joint  of  the  usual  form  but  hardly  longer 
than  the  preceding  one  :  thorax,  transverse  line  not  impressed  : 
longitudinal  whitish  line  not  reaching  the  head  or  scutel  :  corium 
with  a  blackish  edge  on  the  inner  side  at  tip ;  membrane  with  a 
double  interrupted  dusky  line ;  abdomen  dark  livid,  with  a  yellow- 
ish margin ;  pectus  gray,  darker  in  the  middle  :  feet  yellowish ; 
thighs  with  dusky  punctures;  anterior  pair  blackish  beneath, 
and  armed  with  many  spines. 

Length  over  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Corresponds  with  the  Fabrician  description  of  Lygseus  crassi- 
manus,  excepting  that  the  anterior  thighs  are  armed. 

The  following  species  has  the  third  and  fourth  joints  of  the 
antennae  dilated,  subovate. 

Subgenus  Ptochiomera  [Plochiomera.] 

9.  P.  nodosus. — Two  ultimate  joints  of  the  antennae  thick ; 
thorax  constricted  behind  the  middle. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  piceous-black :  antennae  yellowish,  two  ultimate  joints 
equal,  dilated,  blackish;  second  joint  not  longer  than  the  third  : 
thorax  behind  the  middle  constricted,  particularly  to  the  lateral 


336  HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA. 

edge ;  behind  the  stricture  dull  yellowish,  punctured  :  scutel  with 
a  yellow  carina ;  hemelytra  shorter  than  the  abdomen,  pale  yel- 
lowish, punctured;  membrane  obsolete ;  wings  imperfect :  rostrum 
and  feet  honey-yellow,  anterior  thigh  a  little  thicker  than  the 
others,  with  a  few  small  spines  beneath ;  anterior  tibiae  a  little 
ciliated  at  tip ;  a  small  spine  on  the  anterior  coxae. 

Length  about  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.     All  beneath  honey-yellow. 

This  is  a  very  common  species  in  various  parts  of  the  Union, 
and  the  two  dilated  joints  of  the  antennas  distinguishes  it 
readily. 

SALDA  F.  Latr. 

1.  S.  picea. — Piceous-black  ;  hemelytra  entirely  coriaceous. 

Inhabits  Massachusetts. 

Body  robust,  oval,  piceous-black;  obviously  punctured,  some- 
what polished :  head  impunctured,  honey-yellow  before ;  wider 
than  the  greatest  width  of  the  thorax  :  antennae  black-piceous : 
thorax  but  little  wider  behind  than  before  :  hemelytra  with  the 
[781]  corium  extending  nearly  to  the  tip,  the  membranes  being 
very  short,  not  more  than  a  mere  margin ;  feet  honey-yellow. 

Length  under  three  twentieths  of  an  inch. 

For  this  insect  I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  Harris,  of  Milton. 

1.  [2]  S.  bullata. — Cinereous,  beneath  black ;  feet  yellowish. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  robust,  oval,  whitish-cinereous,  with  numerous,  obvious, 
dusky,  profound  impressed  punctures  :  head  rather  wider  than 
the  body,  dusky  with  a  longitudinal  yellowish  line  before  :  an- 
tennae whitish  above;  last  joint  rufous;  thorax  with  two  small 
transverse  impunctured  spots  before  the  middle ;  a  little  dusky 
on  the  disc  :  scutel  with  a  slightly  earinate  line,  and  each  side 
of  the  middle  a  longitudinal  dull  yellowish  spot :  hemelytra  with 
deep  punctures ;  corium  with  a  blackish  marginal  line  on  the 
middle  of  tip;  membrane  whitish  :  beneath  black,  feet  yellowish. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  not  uncommon  in  various  parts  of  the  Union. 

Var.  a.  punctipes. — Feet  yellowish,  with  numerous  black 
points ;  scutel  with  a  yellow  spot  each  side  at  base. 


HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA.  337 

3.  S.  uliginosa. — Blackish,  coriuin  brown,  margin  whitish  ; 
feet  yellowish. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  blackish,  punctured  :  head  with  an  oblique  impressed  line 
before  the  middle,  and  a  yellow  exterior  edge :  hemelytra  whitish  ; 
inner  portion  of  the  corium  fuliginous ;  sexual  carina  or  ovi- 
positor yellowish :  rostrum  and  feet  yellowish ;  posterior  thighs 
dusky  at  tip. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  the  preceding,  but  may  be  distinguished  by  its 
darker  color.     It  is  less  common. 

MYODOCHA  Latr. 

M.  opetilata. — Blackish  ;  feet  white  at  base. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  piceous-black,  deeply  punctured  :  head  black,  impunc- 
tured,  polished ;  neck  elongated ;  antennae  yellowish;  first  joint 
black,  at  tip  yellowish ;  ultimate  joint  and  apex  of  the  pre- 
ceding [  782  ]  one  fuscous ;  thorax  constricted  in  the  middle ;  an- 
terior portion  impunctured  :  hemelytra  piceous ;  lateral  narrow 
margin  yellowish,  expanding  behind  into  a  small  dot ;  membrane 
fuliginous  with  the  nervures  whitish ;  rostrum  yellowish,  first 
joint  piceous:  feet  yellowish;  anterior  thighs  dilated,  with  a 
few  spines  beneath  beyond  the  middle,  and  with  a  piceous  an- 
nulus  near  the  tip. 

Length  over  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  insect  is  not  [un]  common  in  many  parts  of  the  Union. 

ASTEMMA  Latr. 

A.  mavortia. — Thorax  cylindrical  constricted  before  the 
basal  margin. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  black :  antennae  honey-yellow :  thorax,  cylindrical,  nar- 
rowed before  to  the  width  of  the  head,  constricted  on  the  basal 
submargin ;  base  hardly  wider  than  the  middle :  hemelytra  punc- 
tured, piceous,  a  little  shorter  than  the  abdomen  :  wings  imper- 
fect :  tergum  rufous ;  margin  and  tip  black  :  feet  honey -yellow  : 
anterior  thighs  dilated,  with  six  or  seven  equal,  equidistant 
spines  :  anterior  coxae  with  a  short  spine. 

22 


338  HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 

Length  over  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Male. — Anterior  tibiae  arquated  towards  the  base  and  with  a 
spine  near  the  middle. 

I  have  taken  this  species  in  Pennsylvania,  Florida,  Indiana 
and  Missouri.  I  have  placed  it  in  the  present  genus  on  account 
of  its  cylindrical  thorax  ;  but  it  ought  perhaps  to  form  a  distinct 
subgenus. 

CAPSUS  F. 

1.  C.  ocreatus. — Sanguineous :  band  on  the  hemelytra  and 
their  membrane  black. 

Inhabits  Georgia. 

Body  light  sanguineous  :  thorax  with  two  transverse  impressed 
lines  before  the  middle ;  lateral  edge  black ;  hemelytra  with  a 
narrow,  black  band ;  the  lateral  edge  a  little  reflected ;  membrane- 
ous part  purple  black,  with  a  white  terminal  margin :  be- 
neath immaculate :  thighs  simple,  anterior  pair  about  four-spined 
beneath  at  tip ;  tibiae  blackish-piceous. 

Length  less  than  two-fifths  of  an  inch.  [783] 

A  very  pretty  species.  It  was  presented  to  me  by  Mr.  Oemler. 
I  have  not  seen  the  characters  of  Fallen's  genera  Corizus  and 
Phytocoris,  and  it  is  probable  that  I  have  included  in  this  genus, 
species  of  both,  for  the  antennas  of  a  few  of  these  are  filiform. 

2.  C.  succinctus  F.  Var.  a.  Surface  paler,  with  numerous 
black  punctures,  giving  a  dusky  appearance;  origin  of  the  an- 
tennae, and  a  line  on  each  side  of  the  origin  of  the  rostrum  san- 
guineous. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

Antennae  in  this  species  robust  filiform,  the  last  joint  being 
equal  in  diameter  to  the  others ;  eyes  remarkably  prominent. 

3.  C.  MIMUS. — Hemelytra  yellowish,  with  a  black  spot  and  tip: 
beneath  whitish  with  sanguineous  incisures. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

Head  sanguineous ;  antennas,  excepting  at  base  and  terminal 
joint  of  the  rostrum  black ;  thorax,  anterior  margin  white, 
bounded  by  an  impressed  line,  beyond  which  the  surface  is  san- 
guineous to  an  impressed  line  on  the  middle,  posterior  half  pale 
yellowish  with  a  black  central  base  :  scutel  black  :  hemelytra 
pale  yellow,  with  a  large  triangular  spot  on  the  middle,  and 


HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA.  339 

membranous  tip,  black,  the  latter  edged  with  piceous :  beneath 
white,  incisures  sanguineous :  feet  piceous  black :  thighs  san- 
guineous, anterior  pair  two  spined  near  the  tip. 

Length  over  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.  Hemelytra  black,  with  a  pale  yellowish  lateral  margin. 

Var.  b.  Hemelytra  black,  exterior  and  terminal  margins  of  the 
corium  pale  yellowish. 

The  rostrum  extends  beyond  the  base  of  the  posterior  feet. 

4.  C  rapidus. — Reddish  brown  ;  hemelytra  with  a  yellowish 
margin. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  dull  reddish  brown  :  head  rufous  :  antennae  black ;  first 
joint  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  third,  [second  joint :  Harris  MS.] 
white  on  the  basal  half,  hardly  perceptibly  larger  at  tip  than  at 
base :  third  joint  not  much  shorter  than  the  second,  and  with 
the  last  white  at  base  :  thorax  pale  yellow ;  anterior  margin  [  784 1 
rufous ;  a  black  abbreviated  band  behind  the  middle  :  hemelytra 
corium  at  tip  with  a  bright  red  almost  sanguineous  triangular  spot : 
beneath  rufous :  venter  dusky  on  the  disk ;  tibiae  pale  yellowish. 

Length  to  tip  of  the  hemelytra  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

5.  C.  4-vittatus. — Yellow  with  four  black  vittae. 
Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  bright  yellow  :  head  tinged  with  fulvous  :  antennae  black  : 
thorax  tinged  with  fulvous  before :  four  black  vittae  not  reach- 
ing the  anterior  margin,  the  lateral  ones  marginal  and  more 
slender :  scutel  with  a  black  spot  each  side  at  base :  hemelytra 
with  two  blackish  vittae  on  each,  the  exterior  one  having  a  black 
annulated  dot  at  tip :  membrane  blackish,  with  a  dull  yellowish 
arc. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

Inhabits  a  considerable  part  of  the  Union.  I  have  taken  it 
in  the  North-west  Territory,  Pennsylvania,  Indiana  and  Missouri 
and  Mr.  Oemler  sent  me  a  specimen  from  Georgia.  It  is  common. 
Can  it  be  the  Li/gseus  lineatus  F.  Syst.  Rhyng.  p.  234  ? 

6.  C.  dislocatus. — Pale  rufous,  with  two  black  vittae  dislo- 
cated on  the  hemelytra. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Body  pale  rufous  or  somewhat  fulvous  :  head  with  a  black 


340  HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 

mouth  and  band  on  the  vertex  ;  antennae  black  ;  basal  joint  "at 
least  half  as  long  as  the  second;  second  joint  distinctly  larger 
towards  the  tip,  base  white  for  a  short  space  :  thorax  with  two 
black  dilated  lines  from  the  middle  to  the  base  :  scutel  black 
with  a  yellow  vitta :  hemelytra  with  a  black  vittse,  widely  dis- 
located in  the  middle ;  beneath  piceous  with  a  yellow  line  each 
side :  feet  honey-yellow. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

Occurred  on  the  Verhascum  thajisus  L. 

7.  C.  oblineatus. — Thorax  green  with  black  lines;  scutel 
with  a  yellow  V. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  greenish,  sometimes  tinged  with  brown  or  clouded  with 
obscure  rufous,  punctures  distinct :  head  yellowish  lineated  with 
reddish-brown :  antennee  first  joint  not  half  as  long  as  the 
[785]  second;  thorax  greenish,  more  or  less  lineated  with  black- 
ish :  scutel  blackish,  with  a  lateral  edge,  and  a  line  in  form  of  a 
V,  yellow  :  hemelytra  with  a  pale  spot  at  tip  of  the  corium,  at 
the  apex  of  which  is  a  black  point :  membrane  a  little  dusky, 
with  one  or  two  whitish  dots  and  arc :  beneath  dusky :  renter 
with  a  yellowish  lateral  vitta,  or  green  with  a  black  lateral  vitta  : 
feet  yellowish  with  two  rufous  annulations  near  the  tip  of  the 
thighs. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  over  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

This  is  a  very  common  species  and  subject  to  vary  considerably. 
I  have  taken  it  in  Pennsylvania,  Indiana,  North-west  Territory, 
and  Missouri. 

The  thigh-bands  are  somewhat  like  those  of  flavovarius  F. 
It  is  it  much  like  the  lineolaris  Beauv. 

8.  C.  insitivus. — Black;  thorax  and  scutel  fulvous. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  velvet  black;  antennae,  first  joint  half  as  long  as  the 
second ;  third  joint  over  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  second, 
and  not  abruptly  smaller;  second  joint  not  larger  at  tip  than  at 
base  :  thorax  and  scutel  bright  orange  :  pectus  orange  ;  the  an- 
terior trochanters  black  like  the  remaining  part  of  the  inferior 
surface  and  feet. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  nearly  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.  Head  fulvous. 


HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA.  341 

Var.  b.  Thorax  with  a  longitudinal  black  vitta. 
Var.  c.  Beneath  reddish  fulvous,  with  black  feet. 

9.  C  goniphorus. — Black,  broadly  margined  with  sanguineous. 
Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  black  :  head  more  or  less  sanguineous,  generally  blackish 
at  base  and  tip :  antennae  black,  second  joint  generally  a  little 
thicker  towards  the  tip ;  orbits  above  sometimes  a  little  tinged 
with  yellow ;  thorax  very  widely  margined  each  side  with  san- 
guineous, leaving  a  large  triangular  black  spot,  of  which  the 
base  corresponds  with  the  base  of  the  thorax  and  the  tip  with 
the  tip;  hemelytra,  corium  with  a  broad  sanguineous  lateral 
margin. 

Var.  a.  Black  thoracic  triangle  deeply  emarginate  before. 

Var.  b.  Beneath  sanguineous  on  each  side.  [786] 

Var.  c.  Thighs  rufous ;  tibiae  and  tarsi  pale  yellowish. 

Var.  d.  Thorax  sanguineous,  with  scarcely  any  appearance  of 
black. 

Length  from  one-fifth  to  one-fourth  of  an  inch  in  the  tip  of  the 
hemelytra. 

Not  uncommon  in  various  parts  of  the  Union.  Nuttall  ob- 
tained a  specimen  in  Arkansaw. 

10.  C.  nubilus. — Varied  with  blackish  and  grayish;  antennae, 
basal  joint  hairy,  robust. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  above  varied  with  black  and  grayish  green  ;  with  numer- 
ous short  hairs  :  head  and  thorax  chiefly  green ;  antennae,  joints 
black  at  tip  ;  basal  joint  at  least  half  the  length  of  the  second, 
robust,  hairy ;  second  joint  perceptibly  a  little  thicker  at  tip  : 
hemelytra  with  a  grayish  spot  at  tip  of  the  corium,  and  on  the 
membrane  a  whitish  marginal  spot,  and  a  yellowish  angulated 
line  :  beneath  grayish  green,  a  little  dusky  each  side :  feet  green- 
ish :  rostrum  extending. between  the  posterior  feet. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.  Tip  of  the  corium  with  an  obscure  rufous  spot ;  be- 
neath dusky  irrorate  with  pale,  greenish  along  the  middle. 

11.  C.  medius. — Sanguineous,  antennae,  scutel  and  inner  por- 
tion of  the  hemelytra  black. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 


342  HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 

Body  sanguineous,  more  or  less  tinged  with  fulvous,  not  dis- 
tinctly punctured  :  Lead  with  two  black  vittse  between  the  eyes 
and  one  at  base  of  the  rostrum,  a  transverse  black  line  on  the 
neck  :  antennae  black  :  thorax  sometimes  a  little  dusky  behind ; 
scutel  black :  hemelytra  black ;  exterior  margin  of  the  corium 
sanguineous  :  pectus  a  little  dusky  in  the  middle :  abdomen  black 
at  tip  :  feet  black,  whitish  at  base  :  rostrum  black. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.  General  color  ochreous. 

Resembles  goniphorus  nob.,  but  is  a  smaller  and  more  slender 
insect,  aside  from  other  differences,  such  as  the  antennae  being 
entirely  black,  the  second  joint  not  larger  at  tip  than  at  base,  &c. 
It  is  more  closely  allied  to  confluentus  nob.,  which,  however,  has 
the  inner  margin  only  of  the  corium  dusky  and  the  feet  whitish 
at  base.  [787] 

12.  C.  insignis. — Black ;  head,  thorax  and  scutel  more  or  less 
sanguineous. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  black ;  sanguineous,  with  a  black  mark  at  the  base  of 
the  rostrum,  sometimes  extending  into  a  triangle  of  which  the 
apex  is  at  the  base  of  the  head;  antennae  black  :  first  joint  not 
half  as  long  as  the  second;  second  joint  not  remarkably  larger 
at  tip  ;  remaining  joints  not  abruptly  smaller  :  thorax  sanguine- 
ous, sometimes  with  two  blackish  spots  at  base,  which  in  some 
specimens  are  so  dilated  as  to  occupy  nearly  all  the  surface  ex- 
cepting the  anterior  mai'gin  and  a  re-entering  angle ;  scutel  san- 
guineous, with  sometimes  a  blackish  more  or  less  dilated  spot 
each  side  at  base ;  hemelytra  immaculate ;  beneath  sanguineous 
varied  with  black  :  feet  black. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  about  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

A  specimen  was  sent  me  from  Georgia  by  Mr.  Oemler,  and 
in  my  cabinet  are  others  which  I  think  were  taken  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. A  variety  has  the  scutel  entirely  black  and  the  thorax 
black  excepting  the  anterior  margin. 

13.  C.  scrupeus. — Black;  thorax  with  two  black  dots,  and 
with  the  scutel  yellowish. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  black:  head  with  a  dull  yellowish  line  and  superior 
orbits,  variegated  at  the  mouth  and  beneath :  antennae,  first  joint 


HETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA.  343 

more  than  half  the  length  of  the  second,  and  rather  robust, 
hairy ;  second  joint  a  little  thicker  at  tip  :  thorax  yellowish, 
anterior  margin,  two  dots,  and  a  slight  dot  near  the  posterior 
angles  black ;  scutel  yellowish,  dusky  on  the  middle  of  the  base 
and  on  the  basal  angles :  hemelytra  immaculate :  feet  with 
minute  pale  points. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  nearly  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  imiguis  nob.,  but  the  second  joint  of  the  antenna) 
of  that  species  is  not  obviously  thicker  at  tip;  the  first  joint  is 
naked,  and  much  shorter  than  that  of  the  present  species,  &c. 

14.  C.  circumcinctus. — Above  black ;  with  a  sanguineous 
margin,  thoracic  line  and  scutel. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black  :  head  beneath  excepting  the  trophi,  sanguineous  : 
[  788  ]  thorax  with  the  anterior  and  lateral  narrow  margins  and 
dorsal  line  acute  before  and  gradually  dilating  behind,  sanguine- 
ous :  scutel  with  a  much  dilated  sanguineous  line,  broadest  before 
and  gradually  narrowing  behind,  occupying  the  greater  portion  of 
the  surface  :  hemelytra  black  with  a  sanguineous  lateral  margin, 
extending  as  far  as  the  membranous  portion  :  pleura  and  pectus 
sanguineous,  with  two  black  lines  connecting  the  coxae :  feet 
black ;  venter  sanguineous,  a  black  line  each  side  connected  with 
a  large  longitudinal  spot  behind  the  middle,  extending  to  the  tip 
of  the  venter. 

Length  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  C.  medius  nob.,  but  may  be  distinguished  by  the 
black  thoracic  vittae. 

15.  C.  confluentus  [confltjens]. — Above  sanguineous  ; 
inner  margin  of  the  corium  dusky;  membrane  black. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Body  sanguineous :  head  blackish  on  the  disk,  or  with  two 
black  lines  confluent  behind  and  before  :  thorax  with  a  dusky 
transverse  line  before  the  middle  :  corium  a  little  dusky  on  the 
inner  margin  ;  membrane  black  :  scutel  dark  rufous  or  blackish : 
pectus  and  postpectus  varied  with  blackish :  feet  black :  venter 
black  at  tip. 

Length  about  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

Several  specimens  were  obtained  by  Nuttall  in  Missouri.  Re- 
sembles goniphorus,  but  differs  in  many  respects. 


344  HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA. 

16.  C.  submarginatus. — Black ;  disc  fulvous,  liemelytra  with 
whitish  vittae. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  oblong,  blackish;  not  distinctly  punctured;  head  dull 
fulvous,  disc  black  :  antennae  black ;  first  joint  hardly  one-third 
the  length  of  the  second;  second  joint  cylindric  :  thorax  black; 
disk  dull  fulvous  :  liemelytra  with  a  broad  submarginal  whitish 
vitta,  originating  at  the  humerus  and  curving  outwards  at  tip : 
beneath  dull  fulvous  :  feet  dull  fulvous. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

I  obtained  one  specimen  in  Missouri  and  another  in  Indiana. 

17.  C.  geminus. — Black;  a  yellowish  spot  at  tip  of  the 
corium. 

Inhabits  Indiana.  [  789  ] 

Body  black;  punctures  distinct :   antennae,  basal  joint  white  ; 

remaining  joints :  liemelytra  at  tip  of  the  corium  with  a 

large  whitish  yellow  spot ;  rostrum  white  :  feet  entirely  greenish- 
white. 

Length  nearly  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

The  contrast  between  the  hemelytral  spot  and  the  general 
color,  gives  it  a  little  the  appearance  of  C.  gotlricus  F.,  but  it 
cannot  be  confounded  with  that  insect. 

18.  C.  stygicus. — Black;  tibiae  and  tarsi  whitish. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  deep  black,  polished ;  minutely  punctured  or  somewhat 
rugulose  :  antennae,  first  joint  less  than  half  the  length  of  the 
second:  second  joint  very  slightly  larger  at  tip;  third  joint 
three-fourths  the  length  of  the  second ;  incisure  between  the 
first  and  second  joints  whitish  :  feet  with  the  trochanters,  knees, 
tarsi,  excepting  at  tip,  and  tibiae,  excepting  the  base  of  the  pos- 
terior pair,  white. 

Length  over  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

13.  C.  fusiformis. — Blackish,  with  three  yellowish  vittse;  an- 
tennae, second  joint  fusiform. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  rather  slender,  blackish;  antennae,  first  joint  rufous, 
cylindric;  second  joint  robust,  fusiform,  more  slender  at  base ; 
third  joint  with  a  white  base  :  thorax,  anterior  edge  white  :  scu- 


HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA.  345 

tel  with  a  dilated  white  line :  hemelytra,  on  the  lateral  and  inner 
margins  of  the  coriuni  whitish  :  abdomen  at  base  and  feet  rufous 

Length  less  than  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

The  lateral  margin  of  the  corium  is  sometimes  yellowish- 
brown.  The  base  of  the  abdomen  in  the  recent  specimen  is 
often  sanguineous. 

20.  C.  vitripennis. — Yellowish;  hemclytra  hyaline;  subbi- 
fasciate. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  oblong,  pale  greenish-yellow :  head  irnpunctured,  neck 
blackish  :  antennae,  first  joint  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  second, 
pale  rufous  ;  second  joint  not  obviously  larger  at  tip  ;  third  joint 
very  short,  whitish  :  thorax  with  large  punctures  ;  scutel  yellow, 
black  at  base :  hemelytra  hyaline,  the  corium  being  as  transpa- 
rent as  the  membrane,  with  a  common  dusky  vitta,  curved  out- 
ward [  790]  behind  the  middle  so  as  to  form  a  band  ;  beyond  is 
another  oblique  arquated  band  originating  at  the  middle  of  the 
preceding  one  :  beneath  greenish. 

Length  nearly  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

A  male  in  my  collection  has  a  large  blackish  spot  on  the  base 
of  the  thorax.  I  have  taken  it  on  the  oak,  in  August,  in  Penn- 
sylvania.    I  have  also  found  an  individual  in  Indiana. 

21.  C.  invitus. — iJark  livid  or  blackish;  beneath  green  with 
a  blackish  lateral  vitta. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  dark  brownish  livid  or  blackish,  with  numerous  short 
prostrate  yellow  hairs  :  head  dull  yellowish,  with  an  impressed 
longitudinal  line :  antennas,  first  joint  less  than  half  the  length 
of  the  second,  which  is  hardly  perceptibly  larger  at  tip ;  third 
joint  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  second,  and  as  long  again 
as  the  fourth :  thorax  with  small  transversely  confluent,  super- 
ficial punctures  :  scutel  with  a  pale  obsolete  vitta,  beyond  the 
middle :  hemelytra  with  a  whitish  spot  at  tip  of  the  corium  and 
a  greenish  lateral  edge  :  beneath  green,  with  a  broad  lateral  black 
vitta  :  feet  green :  posterior  thighs  black  towards  the  tip. 

Length  nearly  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

22.  C.  imbecilis. — Blackish;  antennae  second  joint  white  at 
tip ;  hemelytra,  with  a  white  band  before  the  middle  and  spot  at 
the  coriaceous  tip. 


346  HETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  blackish-piceous ;  clypeus  at  tip  and  rostelluni  piceous  : 
antennas,  first  joint  dull  rufous,  terminal  tliird  of  the  second  joint 
white  :  thorax,  anterior  segment  with  an  impressed  longitudinal 
line  :  hemelytra,  with  a  white  band  before  the  middle,  and  a  ru- 
fous spot  near  the  tip  of  the  coriaceous  portion ;  tergum  pale  ; 
feet  pale  rufous  :  coxae,  intermediate  and  posterior  pairs  white. 

Length  under  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

23.  C  irroratus. — White;  hemelytra  and  posterior  thighs 
with  green  points. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  white,  tinged  with  green  :  antennas,  first  joint  with  green 
each  side;  remaining  joints  very  pale  brownish,  the  second  black 
at  the  basal  incisure :  thorax  with  a  transverse  indented  line 
[791]  on  the  anterior  submargin,  connected  with  the  anterior 
edge  by  an  indented  line  from  its  middle  :  hemelytra,  except  on 
the  membraneous  portion,  irrorate  with  green  points  :  posterior 
thighs  on  the  superior  edge,  with  five  or  six  green  points. 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

24.  C.  chlorionis. — Green;  first  and  last  joints  of  the  an- 
tennae short,  equal. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  green,  immaculate,  with  numerous  short  hairs,  impunc- 
tured  :  antennas  pale;  first  joint  hardly  one-fourth  the  length  of 
the  second  ;  second  joint  cylindric  ;  third  joint  two-thirds  the 
length  of  the  second;  last  joint  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  third  : 
thorax  a  little  tinged  with  yellowish  :  rostrum,  feet  yellowish. 

Length  nearly  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

25.  C.  colon. — Grayish ;  thorax  with  two  black  dots. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  brownish-gray,  with  numerous  short  yellowish  hairs ; 
antennse,  basal  joint  robust,  narrowed  at  base,  two-thirds  the 
length  of  the  second;  second  joint  very  slightly  thicker  at  tip, 
whitish  in  the  middle  and  for  a  short  space  at  base,  and  black- 
ish at  tip  :  third  and  fourth  joints  as  long  as  the  first,  whitish  '• 
thorax  with  a  black  orbicular  dot  each  side  of  the  middle :  heme- 
lytra with  from  three    to  five  obsolete  brownish  spots  on   the 


HETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA.  347 

corium,  and  two  or  three  on  the  membrane  :  beneath  dusky, 
varied  with  yellowish  lineations  on  each  side  of  the  venter  :  feet 
yellowish  thighs  dusky  at  tip ;  tibia  with  about  two  dusky  annu- 
lations. 

Length  over  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

This  species,  like  many  others,  is  subject  to  vary.  It  is  some- 
times yellowish,  variegated  with  brownish,  but  the  thoracic  or- 
bicular spots  and  the  annulations  of  the  second  joint  of  the  an- 
tenna; distinguish  it. 

The  following  species  having  large  and  very  prominent  eyes  ; 
antennae,  excepting  the  first  joint,  remarkably  slender  and  fili- 
form, situated  on  the  front  above  an  imaginary  line  drawn  be- 
tween the  anterior  angles  of  the  eyes,  and  with  elongated  feet, 
may  be  separated  under  the  subgeneric  name  Cylapus.       [792] 

20.  C.  tenuicornis. — Blackish  :  hemelytra  one  or  two  spotted 
with  whitish ;  antennae,  second  joint  white  at  tip  ;  thighs  annu- 
lated. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Head  somewhat  variegated  with  yellowish;  almost  vertical; 
deeply  impressed  between  the  eyes,  and  with  an  impressed  line  : 
eyes  very  prominent :  antennas  elongated,  first  joint  robust, 
black;  remaining  joints  slightly  thickened  at  tip  and  terminating 
in  a  white  spot :  thorax  punctured,  anterior  margin  somewhat 
elevated,  with  an  impressed  line ;  an  obsolete  slender  pale  line 
proceeds  thence  to  the  base  :  scutel  punctured,  with  a  hardly 
elevated,  carinated  line,  tip  obsoletely  whitish  :  hemelytra  punc- 
tured ;  an  obsolete  interrupted  and  abbreviated  band  near  the 
middle  and  a  rather  more  distinct  band  near  the  tip  of  the  coria- 
ceous portions,  whitish ;  beneath  piceous ;  a  triangular  spot  over 
the  interval  between  the  intermediate  and  posterior  feet,  pale 
green  :  feet  long,  pale  reddish-brown ;  thighs  biannulate  with 
whitish  beyond  the  middle :  tibiae  with  an  obsolete  annulus  a 
little  beyond  the  middle. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Readily  distinguishable  by  the  tenity  [tenuity]  of  the  antennas 
and  the  very  prominent  eyes ;  the  head  also  is  almost  vertical 
and  the  feet  are  long.  In  the  magnitude  and  prominence  of  the 
eyes  it  resembles  Soldo,  and  Acanthia. 


348  HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 

27.  C  bractatus. — Black;  hemelytra  with  numerous  golden 
points. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black  :  antennae  first  joint  nearly  one-fourth  the  length 
of  the  second;  dull  honey-yellow  at  base;  second  joint  rather 
long,  very  slightly  larger  towards  the  tip,  dull  honey-yellow  in 
the  middle :  hemelytra  with  numerous  small  spots  consisting 
each  of  a  few  golden  hairs ;  membrane  fuliginous  :  knees  tibiae 
and  tarsi  yellowish. 

Length  less  than  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

It  is  a  very  small  species  often  in  company  with  the  preceding. 

MIRIS  F. 

1.  M.  VAGANS  F. — I  have  compared  our  specimens  with  tho^e 
of  Europe  and  do  not  observe  a  specific  difference.  It  is  com- 
mon. [793] 

2.  M.  dorsalis. — Pale  yellowish-rufous,  immaculate;  head 
with  an  abbreviated  indented  line ;  antennae  rather  robust,  taper- 
ing, rufous  ;  first  joint  rather  thick,  as  long  as  the  third;  second 
joint  about  three  times  as  long  as  the  third,  cylindric;  tergum 
pale  sanguineous  excepting  the  margin;  sexual  carina  elevated, 
single. 

Length  less  than  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 
Inhabits  United  States. 

The  small  hairs  of  the  antennas  are  not  equal  to  the  diameter 
of  their  respective  joints. 

TINGIS  Fabr. 

1.  T.  ciliata. — Dilated;  nervures  and  edge  ciliate  with  short 
spines  :  hemelytral  lateral  edge  rectilinear. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

"Whitish,  reticulate  with  nervures  on  which  are  short  spines  ; 
widely  margined;  color  whitish;  thorax  with  an  inflated  carina 
before,  extending  over  the  head ;  sides  dilated,  bullate,  a  little 
elevated,  lateral  and  anterior  margins  ciliate  with  short  spines  : 
scutel  with  the  lateral  margin  elevated,  and  an  acute,  highly 
elevated  carina  on  the  middle :  hemelytra  dilated,  with  an  in- 
flated carina  before  the  middle  of  each,  on  which  ^is  a  brown 
spot;    edge  ciliate  with  short   spines,  excepting   the   posterior 


HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA.  349 

third  and  tip,  which  are  unarmed  rectilinear ;  beneath  piceous- 
black  :  feet  pale  yellowish. 

Length  to  the  tip  of  heuielytra  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

The  larva  is  spinous,  fuscous,  with  a  large  yellowish  spot  each 
side  of  the  middle,  and  before  the  middle  a  broad  yellowish  vitta. 
The  species  is  very  common.  / 

2.  T.  cinerea. — Not  dilated,  hemelytra  with  six  or  seven 
marginal  spots. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  gray ;  not  dilated  on  the  margin ;  with  much  dilated 
punctures ;  head  deeply  bifid  at  tip  and  with  a  short  robust 
spine  between  the  eye  and  antennas;  antennae,  basal  joint  spheri- 
cal, abruptly  smaller  at  base;  second  joint  not  longer  than  the 
first,  and  less  dilated ;  thorax  with  four  elevated  lines,  obsolete 
behind ;  anterior  lateral  margin  a  little  dilated :  hemelytra 
covered,  like  the  thorax,  with  dilated,  approximate  punctures, 
[  794  ]  and  having  on  the  lateral  margin  a  series  of  six  or  seven 
black  spots ;  beneath  grayish,  more  or  less  varied  with  brown  : 
venter  brownish,  with  spots  or  lines  of  grayish. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  more  than  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

In  form  much  resembling  T.  cardui  F.     It  is  not  uncommon. 

3.  T.  mutica. — Thorax  and  scutel  with  a  single  line ;  heme- 
lytra with  a  brown  spot. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  grayish-brown,  unarmed,  not  dilated  on  the  margin  ;  with 
much  dilated  punctures :  antennae,  second  joint  rather  thicker 
than  the  first :  thorax,  with  a  paler,  slender,  glabrous  line,  and 
paler  line  each  side :  scutel  with  a  paler  line  on  the  middle,  and 
a  short  one  each  side,  not  elevated ;  hemelytra  like  the  thorax 
with  dilated  approximate  punctures;  on  the  middle  an  obvious 
darker,  irregular  spot  or  band ;  membrane  reticulate  with  brown; 
beneath  dusky  :  tibiae  paler. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  over-  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

4.  T.  plexus. — Thorax  and  scutel  trilineate;  hemelytra  ob- 
scurely and  minutely  reticulate. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  brownish,  more  or  less  tinged  with  yellow,  with  dilated 


350  HETEEOPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 

approximate  punctures ;  head  with  three  elevated  lines  :  thorax 
not  dilated  on  the  sides ;  with  three  elevated  lines :  scutel  also 
with  three  elevated  lines  :  hemelytra  with  small,  symmetrical, 
orbicular  reticulations  of  nervures ;  two  series  of  which  on  the 
lateral  margin  are  a  little  larger ;  those  near  the  inner  margin 
of  the  membrane  also  a  little  larger. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  nearly  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

5.  T.  arcuata. — Dilated;  nervures  and  edge  ciliate  with 
short  spines ;  lateral  edge  of  the  hemelytra  arquated. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Whitish  with  brown  spots ;  dilated ;  edge,  excepting  behind, 
and  many  of  the  nervures,  ciliated  with  short  spines ;  nervures 
pale  brownish :  thorax  with  an  inflated  carina,  extending  over 
the  head,  with  one  or  two  large  brown  spots ;  sides  dilated, 
bullate,  with  a  brown  spot :  scutel  with  an  acute,  highly  elevated 
carina  on  the  middle,  on  which  is  a  brown  transverse  line  : 
hemelytra  with  an  inflated  carina  before  the  middle  of  each, 
[795]  on  which  is  a  brown  spot ;  and  a  brown  band  before  the 
carina,  and  another  on  the  terminal  margin :  lateral  edge  con- 
cavely  arquated,  without  spines  on  its  posterior  third  and  tip  : 
tergum  and  beneath  black ;  feet  yellowish. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  nearly  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  ciliata  N.,  but  may  be  distinguished  by  the  brown 
bands  and  the  arquated  exterior  edge  of  the  hemelytra. 

ARADUS  Fabr. 

1.  A.  crenatus. — Antennae,  second  and  third  joints  subequal 
cylindrical  [;]  edge  of  the  abdomen  obtusely  crenated. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  dull  brown  or  yellowish-brown ;  head  inequal,  with  two 
longitudinal  indented  lines :  an  acute  projecting  point  before 
each  eye ;  tip  prominent,  obtuse :  antennae,  second  joint  cylin- 
dric,  hardly  longer  than  the  third,  which  is  cylindrical,  slightly 
narrower  at  base:  fourth  joint  a  little  longer  than  the  third, 
rather  thicker  at  tip  and  obtuse :  thorax  quadrilineate ;  sides 
widely  rounded,  obviously  recurved,  and  irregularly  dentate  on 
the  edge :  scutel,  margin  elevated ;  hemelytra  minutely  dentate 
on  the  exterior  basal  edge :  tergum  rufous,  margin  cinereous 
with  blackish  angular  spots  :   edge  rather  deeply  crenate  :   be- 


HETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA.  351 

neath  dull  rufous  in  the  middle  :  feet  yellowish,  annulate  with 
brownish. 

Length  nearly  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Much  larger  than  quath-illiwatm  nob.,  which  has  short  and 
robust  antennae,  the  second  joint  smaller  at  base,  &c.  Mr.  Nuttall 
presented  me  with  an  individual  taken  in  Missouri,  and  I  pos- 
sess other  specimens  obtained  in  this  State. 

2.  A.  acutus. — Third  and  fourth  joints  of  the  antennas  to- 
gether, two-thirds  the  length  of  the  second. 

Inhabits  Florida  and  Indiana. 

Body  fuscous  :  head  incqual,  with  two  longitudinal,  indented 
lines;  an  acute,  projecting  point  before  each  eye:  tip  promi- 
nent, obtuse :  antennae  black ;  second  joint  elongated,  narrower 
at  base  :  third  and  fourth  joints  equal ;  taken  together  not  more 
than  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  second :  thorax  quadrilineate. 
three  or  four  very  obvious  denticulations  on  the  anterior  part 
[  796  ]  of  the  lateral  edge ;  scutel  on  the  edge  a  little  elevated  ; 
hemelytra  on  the  humerus  dull  yellowish  with  a  denticulated 
edge;  tergum  with  quadrate  cinereous  spots  in  a  series  within 
the  margin ;  margin  with  obsolete  pale  spots  and  incisures  :  tibiae 
paler  than  the  thighs  :  venter  tinged  with  rufous. 

Length  over  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Like  planus  Fabr. ;  but  the  second  joint  of  the  antennae  of  that 
insect  is  shorter,  cylindric,  and  the  third  and  fourth  joints  alto- 
gether are  nearly  equal  in  length  to  the  third. 

It  is  abundant  in  Indiana  as  well  as  in  Florida  and  varies  in 
having  the  nervures  of  the  hemelytral  membrane  margined  with 
whitish. 

3.  A.  similis. — Third  and  fourth  joints  of  the  antennae  to- 
gether as  long  as  the  second. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  brown :  head  inequal,  with  two  longitudinal,  indented 
lines:  an  acute,  projecting  point  before  each  eye;  tip  prominent 
obtuse  :  antennae,,  second  joint  cylindrical,  very  slightly  thicker 
towards  the  tip;  third  joint  whitish,  cylindric  half  as  long  as  the 
second ;  fourth  joint  fuscous,  a  little  shorter  than  the  third  and 
narrowed  a  little  toward  the  base  :  thorax  quadrilineate,  lateral 
edge  dentate  :  tergum  slightly  serrate  on  the  lateral  edge  :  be- 
neath fuscous  on  the  disk  :  feet  brownish. 


352  HETEROPTEROTJS    HEMIPTERA. 

Length  over  one-fourth,  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  the  acutus  nob.,  which  however  has  the  second 
joint  of  the  antennae  longer  and  the  ultimate  joints  equal.  It 
still  more  resembles  planus  F.,  but  the  antennae  of  that  species 
are  obviously  more  robust.  The  penultimate  joint  of  the  antennas 
is  sometimes  very  dull  and  almost  obsoletely  whitish. 

2.  A.  rectus — Hemelytra  not  dilated  at  the  humerus. 

Inhabits  Missouri  and  Florida. 

Body  fuscous,  rather  slender :  head  with  an  indented  line  each 
side;  an  acute,  projecting  point  before  each  eye;  tip  prominent, 
obtuse;  antennas,  joints  very  slightly  smaller  towards  the  base; 
second  joint  nearly  as  long  as  the  third  and  fourth  together; 
the  latter  a  little  shorter  than  the  third  :  thorax  quadrilineate 
and  having  the  thicker  abbreviated  line  near  the  exterior  angle 
very  distinct ;  scutel  with  the  edge  considerably  elevated  : 
[  797  ]  hemelytra,  corium  rather  long,  the  humerus  not  dilated, 
but  rectilinear  with  the  remaining  part  of  the  edge ;  grayish  with 
fuscous  nervures. 

Length  over  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

A  small  species ;  sufficiently  distinct  from  the  preceding  by  the 
rectilinear  edge  of  the  hemelytra. 

5.  A.  ornatus. — Hemelytra,  abdomen  and  feet  pale;  antennae 
robust. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  blackish-fuscous  :  head  with  the  process  before  the  eyes, 
prominent,  acute ;  antennas  robust :  thorax  rather  short ;  sides 
depressed  and  a  little  reflected ;  edge  regularly  rounded  :  pos- 
terior margin  with  about  three  glabrous,  polished  spots :  scutel 
concave  towards  the  tip :  hemelytra  whitish,  more  or  less  spotted 
with  brown ;  humerus  prominent,  rounded  :  abdomen  pale  rufous, 
margin  paler,  with  blackish  lines  :  feet  yellowish,  thighs  at  base 
and  tibiae  blackish,  but  paler  on  the  posterior  pairs. 

Length  under  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

Besembles  quadrilineatus  nob.,  but  the  polished  thoracic  spots 
and  the  much  more  prominent  and  rounded  humerus,  not  to 
mention  its  coloring,  readily  distinguishes  it. 

6.  A.  iEQUALis. — Second  and  third  joints  of  the  antennae 
equal,  thoracic  margin  reflected. 


HETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA.  353 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  fuscous :  head  with  the  process  before  the  eyes  acute  and 
rather  prominent ;  nasus  somewhat  robust :  antennae  reddish- 
brown,  second  and  third  joints  equal;  fourth  joint  two-thirds 
the  length  of  the  third :  thorax  with  two  approximate  elevated 
lines  and  a  less  obvious  lateral  line  which  is  obsolete  before; 
lateral  margin  rather  widely  reflected,  yellowish :  hemelytra 
varied  a  little  with  dull  yellowish :  humerus  yellowish,  dilated  ; 
tergum  with  rather  broad  transverse  rufous  lines  on  the  margin ; 
rostrum  longer  than  the  head  :  venter,  on  the  margin  like  the 
margin  of  the  tergum. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

The  equality  in  length  of  the  second  and  third  joints  of  the 
antennae,  distinguishes  this  species.  [798] 

7.  A.  granulatus. — Second  joint  of  the  antennae  shorter 
than  the  third ;  corium  but  little  longer  than  the  scutel,  edge  of 
the  thorax  obtusely  emarginate. 

Inhabits  Florida  and  Indiana. 

Body  fuscous,  densely  granulated  :  head  with  an  impressed 
line  each  side  near  the  eyes  and  two  near  the  middle,  an  acute 
point  before  the  eyes  and  an  obtuse  tip  :  antenna;  rather  short, 
second  and  fourth  joints  equal;  third  joint  longest:  thorax 
slightly  lineated  before,  but  without  any  appearance  of  an  elevated 
line  behind  :  lateral  edge  obtusely  emarginate  before  the  middle : 
scutel  broad,  obtuse  at  tip :  hemelytra  narrower  than  the  abdo- 
men ;  humerus  not  dilated;  nervures  distinct;  corium  but  little 
longer  than  the  scutel,  with  rather  prominent  nervures ;  mem- 
brane dull  whitish :  wings  as  long  as  the  hemelytra :  tergum, 
beneath  the  wings,  rufous :  rostrum  not  longer  than  the  head. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

I  found  it  common  in  Florida. 

With  the  two  following  species,  it  possesses  many  characters 
in  common  with  Aneuras,  and  may  be  considered  as  the  connec- 
ting link  with  that  genus.  It  has  the  short,  dilated  rostrum ; 
the  second  joint  of  the  antennae  shorter  than  the  third;  the 
wide,  obtuse  scutel ;  the  short  feet,  and  the  anterior  feet  set  wide 
apart  as  in  that  genus,  but  the  appearance  of  the  head  and  the 
structure  of  the  hemelytra  correspond  with  Aradus,  excepting 
the  brevity  of  the  corium. 

23 


354  IIETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 

8.  A.  emarginatus. — Thorax  obtusely  einarginate  before  the 
middle,  edge  without  elevated  lines  behind. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

Body  black  :  head  with  an  acute  tubercle  at  base  of  the 
antennae,  and  another  behind  the  eye  :  antennae,  first  joint  more 
robust  than  the  others,  rather  suddenly  attenuated  at  base,  some- 
what larger  than  the  apical  prominence  of  the  head ;  second 
joint  shorter  than  the  first,  and  not  longer  than  the  last ;  third 
joint  longest;  terminal  joint  attenuated  at  base,  pale  at  tip: 
thorax  transversely  impressed  in  the  middle,  the  impression 
terminating  each  side  in  an  obtuse  emargination,  edge  very 
minutely  crenate  ;  anterior  margin  slightly  quadrilobate  ;  heme- 
lytra  [  799  ]  at  the  termination  obliquely  rectilinear ;  corium  but 
little  longer  than  the  scutel. 

Length  nearly  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

The  thorax  has  no  appearance  of  elevated  lines,  but  these  are 
substituted  by  four  slightly  elevated  obtuse  bullae  on  the  anterior 
margin.  This  species  is  closely  allied  to  gramilatus  nob.,  but  is 
a  much  larger  insect. 

9.  [A.]  lobatus. — Thorax  acutely  emarginate  before  the  mid- 
dle of  the  edge,  without  elevated  lines  behind. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  fuscous,  granulated :  head  with  the  projection  before  tbe 
eyes  rather  obtuse,  tip  robust,  obtuse ;  antennae,  third  joint  longer 
than  the  second  :  thorax  quadrilineate  before  the  middle ;  lateral 
edge  acutely  emarginate  before  the  middle,  anterior  angles  lobi- 
form  :  scutel  with  an  elevated  line  and  lateral  edge :  hemelytra 
with  a  short  corium ;  much  narrower  than  the  tergum  :  rostrum 
not  longer  than  the  head. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  gramilatus  and  emarginatus  nob.,  but  the  nasus  and 
angulated  projection  before  the  eye  are  much  more  obtuse,  and 
the  emargination  of  the  lateral  edge  of  the  thorax  is  acute  and 
more  profound,  and  the  thoracic  lineations  are  in  much  higher 
relief.     The  species  is  uncommon. 

ANEURUS  Curtis. 

A.  politus. — Rufous;  tubercle  before  the  eyes  short  obtuse. 
Inhabits  Florida. 


HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA.  355 

Body  rufous,  somewhat  polished ;  minutely  rugulous,  much 
depressed :  head  fuscous,  excepting  the  prominent  lobe  or  nasus 
which  is  subacute,  tubercle  before  the  eyes  scarcely  prominent, 
obtuse:  thorax  brown  behind;  anterior  angles  rather  prominent 
and  rounded ;  lateral  edge  widely  emarginate :  scutel  brown,  con- 
vex ;  hemelytra  brown  at  base,  fuliginous  towards  the  tip. 

Length  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  the  Isevis  Fabr.,  but  the  hemelytra  are  not  dull 
white  on  the  margin ;  and  the  tubercle  before  the  eyes  is  not 
prominent,  as  represented  by  Curtis.  [800] 

REDUVIUS  Fabr. 
1.  R.  linitaris. — Black,  thoracic   and   abdominal    margin 
basal  margin  of  the  hemelytra,  coxae  and  pectoral  spots  san- 
guineous. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black,  somewhat  hairy :  thorax  transversely  impressed 
before  the  middle ;  a  narrow  sanguineous  margin  all  around  : 
scutel  with  a  narrow  sanguineous  margin :  hemelytra  With  the 
basal  third  of  the  costal  edge  dilating  a  little  on  the  humerus 
sanguineous :  abdomen  on  the  superior  and  inferior  margin  san- 
guineous :  feet  anterior  pairs,  trochanters  and  above  each  foot 
on  the  pectus,  sanguineous;  posterior  tibiae  slightly  curved  near 
the  tip,  and  with  a  hairy  dilation  nearly  equal  to  the  diameter 
of  the  tibiae. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  seven -tenths  of  an  inch. 
Both  this  and  the  following  species  have  many  points  of  agree- 
ment with  the  Fabrician  description  of  crassipes,  which,  how- 
ever, is  "fuscous  :"  "  thorax  margine  laterali  etpostico  tenuissime 
rufo.  Scutellum  nigrum."  It  is  the  anterior  pairs  of  the  tibiaa 
that  are  robust  and  they  exhibit  on  the  anterior  tip  a  groove  to 
receive  the  tarsi. 

[Belongs  to  Apiomerus. — Uhler.] 

2.  R.  ventralis. — Brown-black ;    posterior   margin   of    the 
elytra,  and  abdomen  sanguineous,  the  latter  with  lateral  black 
spots  and  lateral  vittee  beneath. 
Inhabits  Missouri. 

Body  brown-black,  somewhat  hairy :  thorax  transversely  im- 
pressed before  the  middle ;  anterior  portion  inequal ;  posterior 
portion  margined  each  side  and  behind  narrowly  with  sanguine- 


356  HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA. 

ous  :  hemelytra  with  a  rufous  corium  :  abdomen  sanguineous, 
with  large  marginal  quadrate  black  spots  above  and  beneath  and 
dilated  lateral  black  ventral  vittae :  coxae  sanguineous  :  not  re- 
markably distinguished. 

Length  about  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

The  feet  are  not  remarkably  dilated  as  in  crassipes  F. :  the 
species  is  also  described  to  have  "  elytra  fusca  basi  parum  rufa  " 
"  corpus  nigrum  pectore  utrinque  punctis,  abdomine  margine 
rubris"  "pedes  incrassati,"  &c.  I  owe  it  to  the  kindness  of 
Nuttall. 

8.  R.  acuminatus.  Yellow,  dusky  along  the  middle;  head 
vesicular  behind ;  hairy. 

Inhabits  Indiana.  [801] 

Body  honey-yellow,  very  hairy :  head  short,  almost  rounded, 
sub-equally  divided  by  a  deeply  indented  line  behind  the  eyes ; 
posterior  lobe  vesicular,  somewhat  inflated,  short ;  antennae  fus- 
cous, pale  at  base :  rostrum,  basal  joint  longer  than  the  second 
and  third  together :  thorax  subequally  divided  by  a  deeply  in- 
dented line ;  anterior  lobe  somewhat  longer,  deeply  divided  by  a 
longitudinal  line ;  posterior  portion  with  an  indented  line  before, 
and  a  blackish  disk :  scutel  with  three  elevated  lines  and  termi- 
minating  in  an  acuminated  spine ;  hemelytra  dusky  along  the 
middle ;  anterior  tibiae  a  litle  dilated  at  tip  :  beneath  with  a  broad, 
piceous  vitta  each  side  and  a  carinate  line  along  the  middle. 

Length  one  fifth  of  an  inch. 

When  alarmed,  the  basal  joint  of  the  antennae,  which  is  nearly 
as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  is  thrown  backward,  and  the 
second  joint  deflected.     It  is  common. 

4.  R.  biceps. — Yellowish;  hemelytra  whitish  :  head  bilobate. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Body  a  little  hairy  :  head  elongated ;  profoundly  impressed 
behind  the  eyes,  bilobate  :  rostrum  robust :  second  joint  longest : 
antennae  second  and  third  joints  equal,  fourth  hardly  shorter, 
and  no  less  robust;  basal  joint  shorter  :  thorax  with  two  trans- 
verse impressed  lines  and  a  slightly  indented  longitudinal  one  : 
hemelytra  and  wings  whitish;  anterior  feet  somewhat  robust; 
their  tibiae  gradually  dilated  to  the  tip. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  over  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

The  impressed  line  of  the  head  is  remarkably  deep,  giving  the 


HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA.  357 

appearance  of  a  double  head;  the  impressed  line  of  the  thorax 
is  on  the  posterior  submargin,  and  the  anterior  impressed  line  is 
very  obvious. 

5.  R.  insidiosus. — Black ;  hemelytra  pale  at  base  of  the 
corium ;  membrane  milky -white. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  very  small,  black,  punctured ;  antennas  whitish,  somewhat 
hairy;  basal  joint  blackish;  second  joint  longer  than  the  third  ; 
fourth  joint  as  long  as  the  third,  a  little  dilated  and  compressed  : 
thorax  minutely  rugulous  transversely  and  with  a  slight  trans- 
verse [  802  ]  indentation  :  scutel  transversely  rugulous  :  heme- 
lytra yellowish-white  on  the  corium  at  tip  of  which  is  a  large, 
triangular,  blackish  spot ;  membrane  milky-white  :  feet  whitish  ; 
thighs,  excepting  their  tips,  black. 

Length  more  than  one-twentieth  of  an  inch. 

This  is  a  very  common  little  species  in  almost  every  part  of  the 
Union,  on  flowers.  The  large  triangular  black  hemelytra  spots 
are  very  conspicuous.  The  antennas  are  rather  short  and  robust. 
The  lateral  edge  of  the  thorax  is  not  interrupted. 

6.  R.  musculus. — Black;  hemelytra  white,  corium  and  mem- 
brane blackish  at  tips ;  feet  honey-yellow. 

Inhabits  North-west  Territory. 

Body  small,  unarmed,  black,   somewhat   polished  :   antennas 

:  thorax  a  little  contracted  on  the  anterior  margin,  almost 

like  a  short  neck ;  on  the  middle  an  obtusely  impressed,  but  not 
profound  band,  behind  which  the  surface  is  minutely  wrinkled ; 
posterior  margin  deeply  and  obtusely  emarginated  :  scutel  rugose 
towards  the  depressed  tip  :  hemelytra,  whitish,  hyaline ;  corium 
with  a  large  blackish  spot  occupying  the  posterior  half;  membrane 
dusky  towards  the  tip  :  feet  honey-yellow ;  tarsi  dusky  at  tip. 

Length  to  tip  of"  hemelytra  over  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Resembles  the  preceding,  but  it  is  larger,  the  head  more  elon- 
gated and  otherwise  very  distinct. 

7.  R.  pectoralis  nob. — New  species  of  N.  Amer.  Ins.  found 
by  J.  Barabino.  [Ante,  p.  306.]  A  complicated  spine  beneath 
the  eye  and  a  projecting  spine  each  side  of  the  pectus  before. 


358  HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA. 


PETALOCHEIRUS  Beauv. 

1.  P.  cruciatus. — Sanguineous,  thoracic  spot,  scutel  and 
heinelytra  black;  scutel  bifid  at  tip. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  sanguineous :  head  black  behind  the  eyes ;  antennae  black : 
thorax  with  a  longitudinal  impressed  line  extending  nearly  to 
the  base  and  forming  a  cruciate  mark  with  the  transverse  line ; 
an  irregular  black  spot  on  the  disk ;  scutel  rugulose,  lip  [tip] 
orbicularly  bifid :  hemelytra  black ;  humerus  yellowish  :  pectus 
and  postpectus  black :  feet  whitish ;  thighs  at  tip  and  tibiae 
[  803  ]  at  tip  and  base  blackish ;  tarsi  dusky ;  rostrum  pale, 
second  joint  blackish. 

Length  half  an  inch. 

I  have  taken  this  insect  in  Indiana  and  Missouri,  and  Mr. 
Oemler  sent  me  a  specimen  from  Georgia. 

[This  is  Ectrychotes  bicolor  H.  Schaffer,  8,  tab.  266,  fig.  822.— 
Uhler.] 

2.  P.  biguttatus  nob.,  New  Sp.  of  N.  Amer.  Ins.  found  by 
J.  Barabino,  p.  13.  [Ante,  p.  307.]  Hemelytra  with  a  yellow 
spot  beyond  the  middle  and  another  at  base. 

NABIS  Latr. 

1.  N.  ptjrcis  Drury  (Cimex)  Ins.  V.  p.  63,  pi.  45,  f.  4.  I 
took  many  specimens  in  Georgia  and  Florida. 

[Belongs  to  Hammatocerus — Uhler.] 

2.  N.  novenarius  nob.,  (Reduvius)  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
[Ante,  p.  71.     Belongs  to  Prionotus. — Uhler.] 

PLOIARIA  Scop. 

1.  P.  fraterna. — Brown;  feet  immaculate;  hemelytra  as 
long  as  the  head  and  thorax. 

Inhabits  New  Orleans. 

Body  slender  and  elongated,  brown ;  resembling  P. ;  Amer. 

Entom.  v.  3,  pi.  47,  [Ante,  p.  106,]  but  is  smaller;  feet  im- 
maculate :  largest  spine  of  the  anterior  feet  white,  with  a  black 
tip ;  tibiae  blackish :  head  paler  than  the  thorax,  with  a  double 
brown  line  diverging  anteriorly  before  the  transversed  impressed 


IIETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA.  359 

line  :  posterior  portion  pale ;  heinelytra  hardly  longer  than  the 
anterior  portion  of  the  body. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  seven-tenths  of  an  inch. 

This  insect  was  sent  to  me  by  Mr.  Barabino.  It  closely  re- 
sembles our  common  species  represented  in  the  Am.  Entom. 
vol.  3,  pi.  47,  but  is  much  smaller,  and  the  feet  have  no  appear- 
ance of  annulations. 

3.  [2]  P.  errabunda. — This  is  so  closely  allied  to  P.  vaga- 
bunda  Fabr.,  that  I  give  it  a  distinct  name  with  much  hesitation  ; 
nevertheless  the  anterior  thighs  are  somewhat  less  elongated,  with 
the  two  basal  spines  much  more  prominent  than  the  others  ;  the 
abdomen  is  immaculate,  the  annulations  of  the  feet  are  much 
more  obvious;  the  lateral  carinate  line  of  the  thorax  has  a  pro- 
minence like  an  obtuse  spine  before :  in  these  characters  it  differs 
from  the  vagabunda  :  but  in  the  spotted  appearance  of  the  heme- 
lytra and  the  form  and  magnitude  of  the  scutellar  spines  it  re- 
sembles that  species. 

[A  synonym  of  this  species  is  P.  macidata  Hald.  Proc.  Ac. 
Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  3, 151 .— Uhler.]  [  804  ] 

ACANTHIA  Schr.  Latr. 

1.  A.  LIGATA. — Black,  with  yellowish  spots  ;  exterior  margin 
of  the  thorax  and  hemelytra  yellowish. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black  :  head  with  yellow  orbits  j  thorax  with  an  indented 
spot  before  the  middle  :  lateral  margin  yellow  with  a  black  edge  ; 
at  base  two  yellow  spots  :  scutel  with  a  yellow  spot  on  the  lateral 
margin  near  the  base  and  two  other  spots  or  abbreviated  lines  near 
the  tip  :  hemelytra  with  yellow  spots ;  a  yellow  lateral  margin 
and  black  edge ;  membrane  fuliginous,  with  a  transverse  series 
of  dull  yellowish,  oblong  spots,  and  a  yellow  marginal  spot :  feet 
pale  with  one  or  two  longitudinal  black  lines,  which  on  the  thighs 
are  more  or  less  dilated :  venter,  segments  on  their  posterior 
margins  pale  yellow. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

2.   A.  hirta. — Hairy,  brownish,  darker  before. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  densely  hairy,  dull  yellowish-brown  or  fuliginous  :  head 
a  little  darker  at  base  :  thorax  blackish  before  the  transverse  line  : 


360  HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 

scutel  blackish  :  liemelytra  conspicuously  hairy,  with  a  [few]  dull 
yellowish  spots,  as  well  on  the  membrane  as  the  corium  :  pectus 
a  little  varied  with  black ;  remaining  inferior  surface  including 
the  feet  immaculate. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  under  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

This  species  may  be  recognised  by  its  more  obviously  hairy 
vesture ;  its  color  is  also  paler  than  usual  in  this  genus. 

3.  A.  LUGUBRis. — Black;  membrane  of  the  hemelytra,  ob- 
tusely [obsoletely]  spotted. 

Inhabits  Missouri. 

Body  black,  subopake  :  head  between  the  antennae  with  three 
yellowish  points  :  antennas  first  and  second  joints  dull  yellowish 
before  :  thorax  and  scutel  immaculate  :  hemelytra  immaculate  on 
the  corium,  or  with  an  obsolete  dull  yellowish  point  on  the 
middle  of  the  tip;  membrane  with  two  or  three  obsolete  dull 
yellowish  spots,  [on  the  ?]  inner  margin  and  tip  :  beneath  with  a 
yellowish  spot  before  each  of  the  anterior  feet ;  feet  pale  yellow- 
ish ;  tibiae  and  tarsi  more  dusky :  thighs,  particularly  the 
anterior  and  posterior  pairs,  with  a  more  or  less  dilated  black 
[  805  ]  line  toward  their  tips  :  coxae  black  :  anterior  pair  yellow- 
ish at  tip,  remaining  pairs  slightly  tipped  with  yellowish. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  less  than  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

For  this  species  I  am  indebted  to  Nuttall,  who  obtained  it  in 
Missouri. 

4.  A.  humulis  [humilis]. — Black,  hemelytra  with  a  yellow- 
ish margin  and  three  spots. 

Inhabits  Florida. 

Body  black,  with  short,  scattered  hairs :  head  with  a  trans- 
verse white  line  before  and  a  longitudinal  yellowish  line  on  the 
nasus  :  antennae  fuscous,  basal  joint  whitish  before  :  thorax  with 
an  impressed  puncture  before  the  impressed  transverse  line : 
hemelytra  with  the  exterior  margin  [and]  three  rather  large  spots 
along  the  sub-margin,  yellowish,  membrane  dull  yellowish,  with 
black  nervures  and  fuscous  oblong  spots  in  a  transverse  series 
alternating  with  the  nervures  :  feet  and  rostrum  yellowish. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  one -tenth  of  an  inch. 

The  interstitialis  nob.,  which  this  resembles,  has  the  exterior 
margin  of  the  hemelytra  black  and  is  much  larger ;  it  has  also  a 


HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA.  361 

large  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  tip  of  the  henielytra,  that  does 
not  exist  in  this  species. 

The  interstidalis  is  much  like  the  littoralis  Fabr.,  but  in  none 
of  my  specimens  of  the  latter  is  there  a  large  yellowish  spot  on 
the  middle  of  the  tip  of  the  corium. 

5.  A.  confluenta  [confluens]. — Black j  membrane  of  the 
hemelytra  with  a  blackish  band. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Antennae  pale  at  base :  head  and  thorax  immaculate :  corium 
with  a  large  marginal  spot  before  the  middle  and  another  at  tip ; 
two  small  spots  [where  ?] ;  membrane  with  fuscous  nervures 
and  a  continuous,  blackish,  arquated  band  on  the  middle  :  feet 
whitish ;  tarsi  with  blackish  tips ;  thighs  with  an  obsolete  brown 
line  :  venter  whitish  at  tip. 

Length  to  tip  of  hemelytra  one-fourth  of  an  inch . 

The  band  of  the  membrane  does  not   reach  the  inner  margin. 

It  is  equal  in  size  to  ligata.  [  806  ] 

HYDROMETKA  Latr. 

H.  lineata. — Fuscous ;  hemelytra  dull  whitish  with  black 
nervures. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  fuscous,  or  brown,  more  or  less  deep  :  hemelytra  dull 
whitish  or  dusky,  with  black  nervures :  wings  opake  white,  with 
black  nervures :  tergum  pale,  quadrilineate  with  black ;  two  of 
the  lines  on  the  edge  and  the  interval  betweeen  the  two  inner 
lines  dull  whitish  or  bright  yellow ;  the  incisures  of  the  segments 
more  or  less  black  :  beneath  and  feet  obscure  yellowish  :  thorax 
with  a  more  or  less  obvious  pale  line. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  is  very  much  like  the  stagnorum  F.,  but  the  hemelytra 
are  not  testaceous,  and  there  is  no  thoracic  impressed  line. 

[Male  ?~]  Body  blued-black ;  thorax  with  a  pale  line ;  antennae 
and  feet  dark  honey-yellow ;  tergum  and  venter  without  lines. 

Var.  a.  australis.  Head  beyond  the  eyes  a  little  longer  and  a 
little  more  dilated  at  tip ;  second  joint  of  the  antennae  a  little 
more  dilated  at  tip  :  abdomen  with  five  lateral  whitish  points. 

Inhabits  New  Orleans. 


o62  HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 


GERRIS    Latr. 


1.  G.  remigis. — Dark  olivaceous;  thorax  rounded  behind, 
without  an  elevated  line. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  dark  brownish-olivaceous ;  thorax  transversely  rugulose 
without  much  appearance  of  a  dorsal  raised  line  :  a  dull  ochra- 
ceous  and  indented  line  before  j  posterior  margin  regularly  and 
obtusely  rounded  with  but  a  very  narrow  depressed  margin  : 
tergum  with  a  black  line  on  the  middle,  in  which  is  a  series  of 
obsolete  gray  lines ;  lateral  margin  with  a  series  of  grayish  points 
or  short  transverse  lines  :  beneath  with  a  silvery  sericeous  reflec- 
tion, an  impressed  line  on  the  anterior  part  of  the  pectus  behind 
the  anterior  feet. 

Length  half  an  inch. 

A  great  similarity  exists  between  some  of  the  species  of  this 
genus,  and  I  have  ventured  to  separate  this  species  from  the 
pabulum  P.,  which  is  said  to  have  an  elevated  line  on  the  thorax 
and  another  on  the  pectus  and  postpectus.  [  807  ] 

The  thorax  on  the  posterior  segment  is  generally  obtusely 
tinged  with  dull  yellowish,  with  a  blackish  longitudinal  line  in 
the  middle. 

Yar.  a.  Thoracic  elevated  line  rather  more  obvious  :  grey  lines 
of  the  middle  of  the  tergum  more  distinct. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

2.  G.  marginatus. — Thorax  with  an  elevated  line :  behind 
with  an  obvious  depressed  margin ;  abdominal  margin  dull  rufous. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  blackish,  more  or  less  tinged  with  olivaceous  :  thorax 
with  a  raised  line,  more  elevated  behind ;  lateral  indented  edge 
dull  rufous ;  posterior  depressed  margin  rather  wide  and  very 
obvious  :  abdomen  with  the  margin  dull  rufous  :  feet  dull  rufous  ; 
anterior  thighs  with  a  blackish  line  on  both  sides ;  coxae  dull 
rufous  beneath :  beneath  with  a  slightly  elevated  line,  termi- 
nating anteriorly  in  a  depressed  one ;  blackish,  with  a  silvery 
reflection. 

Length  over  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 


HETEROPTEROUS    HEMIPTERA.  363 

Much  smaller  than  the  preceding,  and  more  slender,  of  a 
darker  color;  abdominal  margin  of  a  different  color,  and  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  thorax  is  broadly  depressed.  I  obtained 
an  individual,  and  Nuttall  gave  [me]  one  which  he  took  in  Mis- 
souri. 

8.  G.  canaliculatus. — Above  brownish ;  beneath  yellowish, 
with  a  pectoral  groove  extending  to  the  venter. 

Inhabits  Georgia. 

Head  dark  brown,  with  a  silvery  line  from  the  eye  to  the 
antennas :  antennae  honey-yellowish  and  feet  of  the  same  color, 
the  tarsi  dusky :  thorax  dull  yellowish  or  dull  fulvous,  darker 
each  side,  with  a  dorsal  dull  fulvous  line  and  lateral  margin, 
beneath  which  is  a  double  black  line  enclosing  a  silvery  one : 
hemelytra  brown  with  black  nervures :  tergum  fulvous  with  a 
black  lateral  line  and  yellowish  margin :  terminal  spines  even 
with  the  tip  of  the  tail :  beneath  yellowish  fulvous  :  pectus  with 
an  obvious  groove,  extending  to  the  venter,  and  in  which  behind 
is  a  blackish  line. 

Length  less  than  two-fifths  of  an  inch.  [  808  ] 

Differs  from  marginatus  nob.  in  having  an  obvious  groove  be- 
neath extending  to  the  venter.  The  whole  inferior  [surface]  also 
is  yellowish,  with  the  usual  silvery  reflection  :  the  posterior  de- 
pressed margin  of  the  thorax  is  not  so  wide  as  in  that  species, 
and  has  no  raised  line. 

NAUCOMS  Geoff.  Latr. 

1.  N.  profunda. — Oval,  dark  greenish,  rugulose;  inferior 
membrane  velvet  black. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

The  whole  surface  is  covered  with  a  minute,  confused  rough- 
ness ;  the  form  is  rather  dilated  oval :  thorax  profoundly  eniar- 
ginate  to  receive  the  head ;  posterior  submarginal  line  very 
distinct ;  lateral  margin  depressed  :  posterior  angles  obtusely 
rounded :  hemelytra  with  the  covered  membrane  deep  velvet 
black :  tergum  dull  yellowish  with  a  blackish  line  on  the  edge 
and  spots  on  the  margin :  beneath  blackish  fuscous :  feet  green- 
ish; anterior  pair  of  thighs  dilated,  triangular,  ciliated  with 
golden  hair. 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 


364  HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 

The  femorata  Beauv.,  is  less  dilated,  polished,  the  head  larger, 
and  less  profoundly  inserted  into  the  thorax,  the  thorax  is  also 
not  marginally  depressed  and  its  angles  are  not  obtusely  rounded 
as  in  this  species.  It  was  taken  by  Wm.  Bennett  and  presented 
to  me  by  Mr.  Maclure. 

2.  N.  stygica. — Black,  front  quadrilineate. 

Inhabits  Georgia. 

Body  oval,  brown-black,  rather  rough :  head  crenate  on  the 
front  so  as  to  form  four  denticulations :  eyes  rounded,  rather 
prominent :  thorax  not  emarginate  before,  with  a  slightly  de- 
pressed margin  behind ;  anterior  thighs  dilated  triangular  :  heme- 
lytra  with  oblique  lines;  they  appear  united  at  the  suture. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

I  have  but  one  mutilated  specimen  which  was  sent  to  me  by 
Mr.  Oemler.  If  I  am  not  deceived  by  this  specimen,  the  species 
is  apterous  and  the  hemelytra  are  united  by  a  rectilinear  suture, 
which  will  require  the  formation  of  a  separate  genus  which  may 
be  named  Nertlira.  [809] 

BELOSTOMA  Latr. 

1.  B.  fltjminea. — Fuscous ;  head  before  the  eyes  attenuated; 
feet  spotted. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  rather  long  ovate,  grayish  or  fuscous :  head  rapidly 
tapering  from  the  anterior  canthus  of  the  eyes  to  the  tip,  form- 
ing in  that  part  an  equilateral  triangle,  of  which  the  tip  is  ob- 
tuse, but  less  than  one-fourth  the  breadth  of  the  space  between 
the  eyes  :  the  anterior  lobe  or  nasus  hardly  reaches  the  line 
between  the  anterior  canthus  of  the  eyes  :  thorax  a  little  emar- 
ginate before,  and  less  obviously  so  on  each  side ;  posterior  to  the 
transverse  suture  and  a  narrow  lateral  margin,  paler  :  tibiae  and 
and  tarsi  each  with  three  black  spots  or  interrupted  annulations. 

Length  from  seven-tenths  to  four-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  no  doubt  related  to  B.  rustica  Fabr.,  but  he 
describes  the  thorax  of  that  species  as  being  white  before. 
Like  that  species,  the  female  carries  her  eggs  upon  her  back. 
Stoll's  figure  of  the  rustica  represents  it  of  a  short  ovate  form. 
It  has  not  an  extensive  range.  I  purchased  a  specimen  taken 
New  Haven,  one  was  sent  to  me  from  Georgia  by  Mr.  Oemler  of 


HETEROPTEROUS   HEMIPTERA.  365 

Savannah  and  it  is  found  in  Pennsylvania  and  in  Indiana  and 
Louisiana. 

Var.  a.  immaculata.  Much  smaller ;  lateral  margin  of  the 
thorax  depressed  and  slightly  reflected  ;  feet  immaculate. 

Length  half  an  inch. 

Most  probably  a  distinct  species,  but  I  have  seen  but  one  spe- 
cimen. 

As  the  large  North  American  species  does  not  appear  to  have 
been  noticed,  I  will  add  a  description  of  it. 

[Previously  described  as  B.  Boscii  Serv.  Enc.  Meth.  10,  273  : 
Za  itha  Boscii  Amyot  and  Serv.  430:  Pertlwstoma  auruntiacimi 
Leidy,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.  2d  ser.  1, 62.  It  really 
belongs  to  the  latter  genus,  and  not  to  Zaitha. — Uhler.] 

2.  B.  grisea. — Oblong-oval ;  head  before  the  eyes  very  short, 
not  attenuated ;  beneath  with  three  blackish  vittae. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  oblong-suboval,  slightly  wider  behind  the  middle,  gray- 
ish-brown varied  with  fuscous  or  blackish,  particularly  on  each 
side  of  the  disks  of  the  thorax  and  scutel :  head  between  the 
eyes  hardly  tapering  from  the  base  to  the  tip  :  from  the  anterior 
canthus  of  the  eyes  to  the  tip,  shorter  than  broad,  not  narrowed : 
[810]  thorax,  lateral  edge  rectilinear:  pectus  and  postpectus 
yellow,  with  three  broad  black  vittae,  which  become  more  dilated, 
brown  and  less  obvious  on  the  abdomen  :  feet  obsoletely  suban- 
nulate. 

Length  two  inches  and  one-fifth ;  greatest  breadth  less  than 
nine-tenths  of  an  inch. 

Occurs  in  various  parts  of  the  Union.  I  received  a  specimen 
many  years  since  from  Dr.  F.  V.  Melsheimer  labelled  JVepa  grisea 
which  name  I  retain.  It  differs  from  the  preceding  in  magni- 
tude, in  the  form  of  the  anterior  part  of  the  head,  &c.  It  is 
much  like  the  B.  grandis  Linn.,  but  is  hardly  half  as  large,  and 
if  Stoll's  figure  of  that  insect  has  any  pretensions  to  accuracy, 
it  is  in  other  respects  quite  distinct.  In  that  figure  the  greatest 
breadth  is  at  the  base  of  the  elytra,  &c. 

It  inhabits  from  Canada  to  Florida. 

[Subsequently  described  as  B.  anmdipes  H.  Schliffer,  8,  tab 
258,  fig.  803  and  804  :  also  as  B.  americanum  Leidy,  Journ 


866  HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 

Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.  2d  ser.  1,  58.  It  is  found  from  Puget 
Sound  to  Mexico,  and  from  Maine  to  Florida,  and  thence  to  Bra- 
zil. Dr.  Leidy  expresses  the  belief  that  it  is  ouly  a  variety  of 
B.  grandis,  in  which  opinion  I  entirely  coincide.  Stoll's  figure 
represents  B.  indicum,  and  should  not  have  been  cited  for  the 
present  species. — Uhler.] 

3.  B.  dilatata. — Dark  grayish-brown,  much  dilated,  ovate 
somewhat  depressed  :  head  obsoletely  varied  with  dull-yellowish  : 
thorax  with  the  lateral  margin  very  distinct;  anterior  edge  ob- 
viously elevated ;  impressed  line  of  the  posterior  submargin  well 
defined,  not  abbreviated ;  feet  somewhat  annulated ;  venter  tinged 
with  rufous. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

Length  one  inch  and  one-tenth. 

'Resembles  Jltiminea  nob.,  but  is  much  larger  and  proportionally 
much  more  dilated.  It  was  found  between  Vera  Cruz  and  Jalapa 
by  Wm.  Bennett  and  presented  to  me  by  Mr.  Maclure. 

[This  is  the  Paysan  americam  Stoll,  Punaises,  11,  pi.  1,  fig.  1 ; 
Amyot  and  Serville  have  given  it  the  name  of  StoUei.  It  belongs 
to  Zaitha,  and  was  described  in  Stanbury's  Expedition  to  Great 
Salt  Lake  as  Z.  bifoveata  Hald.  370,  pi.  10,  fig.  1.  It  is  also 
figured  by  H.  Schaffer  (9,  292)  as  Z.   Stollei.—XSwLER.] 

COBJXIA  Geoff.  Latr. 

1.  C.  calva. — Thorax  eight  or  nine  lined  :  lines  of  the  heme- 
lytra  subequal. 

Inhabits  United  States. 

Body  above  glabrous,  polished,  pale  yellowish,  with  transverse, 
black  lines :  head  immaculate,  the  posterior  angles  distinct : 
thorax  with  eight  or  nine  black  transverse  lines :  hemelytra  with 
numerous,  undulated  or  angulated  black  transverse  lines  more 
or  less  bifid  and  inosculated ;  those  of  the  anterior  inner  portion 
not  larger  than  the  others;  lateral  grooves  and  all  beneath  yel- 
lowish white. 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch.  [811  ] 

Quite  distinct  from  the  interrupta  and  alternata  nob.,  which 
are  both  minutely  rugulous. 

2.  C.  abdominalis. — Abdomen  sanguineous  at  base. 
Inhabits  Mexico. 


HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA.  367 

Body  blackish,  with  slender,  yellowish  transverse  lines  :  head 
greenish-yellow,  with  a  broad  dusky  line  on  each  side  of  the  mid- 
dle, not  extending  to  the  orbit  and  hardly  reaching  the  vertex, 
but  dilated  over  the  mouth :  thorax  with  twelve  to  sixteen  liga- 
tions :  hemelytra  minutely  wrinkled  longitudinally ;  transverse 
lineations  not  larger  on  the  inner  margin ;  lateral  groove  pale 
fulvous,  particularly  towards  the  base  where  it  is  hooked,  and 
on  the  middle  it  has  an  oblique  black  spot :  terguin  at  base 
sanguineous  :  pectus  and  postpectus  black  ;  feet  yellowish  j  ante- 
rior pair  black  at  tip  :  intermediate  pair  black  on  the  tibiae  and 
the  tip  of  the  thighs ;  posterior  pair,  tibiae  and  tip  of  the  tarsi 
black  :  venter  at  base  sanguineous. 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  was  found  in  Mexico  by  Wm.  Bennett,  and  sent  me  by 
Mr.  Maclure.  In  point  of  size  it  resembles  interrupta  nob., 
which,  however,  is  but  obsoletely  wrinkled  at  the  base  of  the 
hemelytra :  its  transverse  lineations  are  much  more  undulated, 
and  the  abodomen  is  pale  yellowish  beDeath;  the  feet  also  are  im- 
maculate. 

3.  C.  mercenaria. — With  the  line  subequal  and  an  imma- 
culate space  at  base. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

Body  smooth,  pale  yellowish ;  head  immaculate,  convex  before, 
and  with  an  obsolete  carina  and  a  few  punctures :  thorax  with 
about  eight  or  nine  transverse  black  lines:  hemelytra  with 
numerous,  equally  slender,  transverse  somewhat  confused,  black 
lines  :  a  large  immaculate  space  at  base;  channel  of  the  exterior 
margin  interrupted,  immaculate,  excepting  a  dusky  dot  at  tip 
and  a  less  obvious  one  beyond  the  middle  ;  tip  rounded  :  venter 
blackish,  lateral  margin  and  posterior  margins  of  the  segments 
whitish. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

On  comparison  with  the  alternata  nob.,  it  may  be  distinguished 
by  the  equality  of  the  lineations  of  the  hemelytra,  those  of  that 
[812]  species  being  much  more  regular  and  wider  on  the  inner 
anterior  margin  than  on  other  parts  of  the  hemelytra.  The 
thorax  and  hemelytra  also  of  that  species  are  minutely  ru°-ulose. 
Passing  through  the  market  in  the  city  of  Mexico  I  obtained  a 


368  HETEROPTEROUS  HEMIPTERA. 

few  specimens  from  the  quantity  of  at  least  a  peck,  exposed  for 
sale  by  an  Aztec  woman.     They  are  made  use  of  as  food. 

It  is  larger  than  calva  nob.,  and  further  distinguished  by  the 
immaculate  base  of  the  hemelytra. 

NOTONECTA  L.  Latr. 

1.  N.  undulata. — Whitish  ;  scutel  and  band  blackish. 

Inhabits  Missouri  and  Indiana. 

Body  greenish-white  :  thorax  dusky  or  blackish  behind  :  scutel 
velvet  black,  a  slight  dull  fulvous  spot  each  side  near  the  base 
and  another  more  or  less  dilated,  at  tip  :  hemelytra  with  an 
undulated,  fuscous  band  behind  the  middle;  tip  simply  emargi- 
nate,  not  fissile  :  beneath  blackish,  varied  with  yellowish :  feet 
greenish. 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch 

Yar.  a.   Small  spots  at  base  of  the  scutel,  none. 

This  approaches  the  description  of  N.  americana  F.,  which, 
however,  is  said  to  be  "  postice  nigro  "  corresponding  with  speci- 
mens in  my  cabinet  from  Mexico.  The  black  color  of  the  poste- 
rior portion  of  the  thorax  is  only  transmitted  from  the  part  of 
the  scutel  which  is  beneath  it. 

Var.  b.  Yellowish,  or  greenish-white;  beneath  varied  with 
blackish  and  yellowish :  feet  green :  hemelytra  with  three 
lateral,  longitudinal  brown  spots ;  a  lateral,  submarginal  black- 
ish line. 

Yar.  c.  Scutel  black  :  hemelytra  blackish  with  a  line  at  base 
and  tip  whitish. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

This  may  possibly  prove  to  be  a  distinct  species,  but  as  it  pos- 
sessess  many  characters  in  common  with  the  undulatus,  I  refer 
it  for  the  present  to  this  species  as  a  variety.  I  owe  it  to  the 
kindness  of  Mr.  Ma[c]lure ;  it  forms  part  of  the  collection  taken 
by  William  Bennett. 

I  found  an  individual  in  Missouri  that  appears  to  be  the  same 
as  Yar.  c.  [813] 


COTTON    PLANT.  369 


Correspondence  relative  to  the  Insect  that  destroys  the  Cotton  Plant. 

To  Thomas  Say,  Esq., 

Prof,  of  Natural  History,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 

Sir : — I  have  for  several  years  paid  some  attention  to  an  in- 
sect which  has  infested  our  cotton,  whose  character  and  species 
I  have  been  very  desirous  of  ascertaining.  I  addressed  a  letter 
to  Mr.  Stephen  Elliott  on  this  subject,  and  he  referred  me  to 
you,  not  being  able  to  give  me  the  description  wanted.  I  also 
sent  to  Dr.  Samuel  Mitchell  of  New  York,  but  he  likewise  was 
not  able  to  give  any  satisfactory  account,  and  referred  me  to  Mr. 
Le  Cont[e]  ;  but  owing  to  some  adventitious  circumstances,  I  never 
heard  from  him,  and  have  now  taken  the  liberty  of  addressing 
you,  although  an  entire  stranger,  and  must  make  my  love  of  the 
sciences  generally,  as  well  as  my  desire  to  be  acquainted  on 
this  particular  point,  my  excuse.  I  have  therefore  sent  a  box 
containing  the  moths.  They  were  put  into  the  box  in  the  cater- 
pillar state,  with  a  few  cotton  leaves  to  feed  on.  After  a  time 
they  went  into  the  pupa  state,  and  finally  became  moths.  I  have 
written  an  essay  on  these  insects  which  is  incomplete,  from  not 
knowing  their  scientific  name  and  character.  If  you  will  so  far 
oblige  me,  please  address  a  few  lines  on  the  subject  to  your  obe- 
dient servant,  C.  W.  CAPERS. 


New  Harmony,  Nov.  1,  1827. 
Sir : — I  received  your  interesting  communication  of  the  date 
of  Jan.  21,  not  until  Thursday  last,  and  how  to  account  for  its 
long  detention  I  know  not.  It  was  brought  by  private  convey- 
ance in  due  time  from  Philadelphia,  so  that  the  delay  must  have 
occurred  in  that  city,  or  on  its  way  there.  Any  future  package 
you  may  wish  to  send  me,  may  be  confided  to  the  care  of  a  house 
in  New  Orleans. 


24 


870  COTTON    PLANT. 

I  have  carefully  examined  the  contents  of  the  box  which 
accompanied  your  letter.  It  contained  several  cotton  moths, 
which  are  much  injured,  but  as  far  as  I  am  enabled  to  judge  by 
their  remaining  characters,  they  constitute  a  new  species,  of  which 
I  have  made  the  following  description  : 

NOCTUA  Fabr. 

N.  xylina. — Olivaceous,  tinged  with  vinaceous;  superior 
wings  with  a  black  spot.  [814] 

Description. — Head  vinaceous,  with  a  small  whitish  tuft  before : 
antennas  pale  honey-yellow,  of  moderate  length,  covered  with 
scales  above  and  short  hair  beneath  :  labrum  rounded,  small : 
mandibles  conic,  whitish,  with  a  fascicle  of  sericeous  fulvous  hair 
on  the  inner  base :  maxilla3  as  long  as  the  antennae,  papilaceous 
towards  the  tip  :  palpi  densely  covered  with  short,  equal  scales, 
which  are  intermixed  rufous  and  white ;  second  joint  much 
longer  than  the  first;  third  joint  very  distinct,  conic,  linear; 
thorax  vinaceous  with  more  or  less  of  olivaceous,  particularly 
on  the  sides:  superior  wings  vinaceous  towards  the  posterior 
margin  obsoletely  olivaceous ;  a  little  above  and  partly  on  the 
second  bifurcation  of  the  post  costal  nervure  is  an  oblique  sub- 
oval,  blackish  spot,  in  which  are  paler  scales,  forming  almost  a 
double  pupil :  posterior  to  this  spot  is  an  obsolete,  much  undu- 
lated, interrupted,  dull  rufous  line,  reaching  the  anal  margin 
near  the  middle  and  the  costal  margin  at  two-thirds  the  distance 
from  the  humerus :  behind  this  line  is  a  distinct  one,  and  in 
some  specimens  a  still  less  distinct  one  towards  the  base  of  the 
wing,  accompanied  by  a  small  spot :  inferior  wings  on  the  inferior 
page  with  a  slight,  slender,  rufous  band  :  anterior  tibiae  with  a 
spine  :  posterior  tibiae  with  spines  on  the  middle  and  tip  :  claws 
distinct,  emarginate  beneath. 

Length  to  tip  of  superior  wings  nine-tenths  of  an  inch. 

Larva  sixteen-footed,  spotted ;  eyes  spotted  :  beneath  immacu- 
late, simple.  Pupa  simple,  dark  chestnut  or  blackish  ;  three  of 
the  abdominal  segments  with  dilated,  rufous,  posterior  margins. 

In  the  above  description,  if  any  errors  occur  as  regards  color, 
you  can  rectify  them  from  more  recent  and  perfect  specimens. 
With  these  moths  a  single  individual  occurs  of  the  Noctua  Iota 


COTTON    PLANT.  371 

Linn.  Whether  or  not  this  is  a  confederate  of  the  xylina  in  de- 
stroying the  cotton  plant,  you  are  best  able  to  judge ;  but  I  should 
rather  suppose  that  its  ravages  are  not  particularly  directed  against 
that  plant,  and  that  its  presence  here  is  rather  fortuitous. 

One  of  the  small  vials  contains  a  Gri/Uotalpa  Americana. 

I  take  the  earliest  conveyance  for  this  letter,  in  hopes  it  may 
reach  you  early  enough  to  be  of  some  utility. 

Yours,  &c,  T.  SAY. 


372  MACLURIAN   LYCEUM. 


[From  Contributions  of  the   Maclurian  Lyceum  to  the  Arts  and 
Sciences,  vol.  I.  Philadelphia.] 

Note  on  Capt,  Le  Conte's  paper  on  "New  Coleopterous  Insects  of  North 
America,"  published  in  the  first  volume  of  the  Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of 
Natural  History  of  New  York. 

Read  April  23, 1827. 

Colaspis  infuscata  Le  C.  is  the  C.  quadrinotata. — See  Journal 
of  the  Acad.  Nat.  Se.  P.  vol.  iii.  p.  444. 

Antliicus  murinipennis  Le  C.  is  the  A.  bicohr. — See  American 
Entomology,  vol.  i.  pi.  x.  It  is  very  closely  allied  to  Notoxus 
serricornis  of  Panzer,  No.  31.  [39] 

Molorchus  qffinis  Le  C.  is  the  M.  bimaculatus. — See  Journal 
Acad.  Nat.  8c.  P.  vol.  iii.  p.  428. 

Chrysomela  scalaris  Le  C.  may  possibly  prove  to  be  the  C. 
rfecipiens  of  Weber,  p.  52,  notwithstanding  Weber's  description 
of  the  suture,  which  he  says  is  "  brunneus ;"  a  specimen  in  my 
collection  has  a  tinge  of  that  color,  and  another  has  a  slight  ap- 
pearance of  the  lateral  thoracic  indentations,  which  Weber  attri- 
butes to  his  species.  At  any  rate,  I  referred  the  species  to  that 
description  until  another  insect  could  be  found  better  adapted 
to  it. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  respecting  priority  in  relation  to  the 
above  names. 


MACLURIAN    LYCEUM.  37i 


[From  Contributions  of  the  Maclurian  Lyceum  to  the  Arts  and  Sciences. 
Vol.  L,  Philadelphia,  pp.  G7— 83.] 

A  Description  of  some  new  species  of  Hymenoptera  of  the  United  States. 

Read  March  3,  1828. 

AULACUS    Jurine. 

A.  fasciatus. — Wings  violaceous  with  hyaline  band. 

Inhabits  Ohio. 

Body  black;  thorax  confluently  punctured  in  transverse 
grooves ;  wings  violaceous  with  a  hyaline  band  on  the  middle, 
hardly  reaching  the  anal  margin ;  abdomen  much  compressed  ; 
oviducts  longer  than  the  abdomen,  much  incurved  at  tip. 

Length  half  an  inch.  [68] 

ICHNEUMON  Linn.  Fabr. 

1.  I.  PARATA. — Antennse  black  with  a  whitish  annulation ; 
tergum  yellow,  with  five  or  six  blackish  bands. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Head  yellow ;  disk  of  the  vertex  and  the  occiput  black  ;  an- 
tennse black  ;  basal  and  second  joint  beneath  and  15,  16,  17,  18, 
19  and  20  joints  pale  yellowish  :  thorax  black ;  band  on  the 
collar,  line  on  each  side  extending  to  the  wings,  and  interupted 
before,  and  a  small  quadrate  spot  on  the  disk,  yellow  ;  scutel  and 
a  small  spot  behind  it,  yellow  :  metathorax,  posterior  disk,  yellow ; 
wings  somewhat  dusky  with  fuscous  nervures ;  stigmata  pale 
brownish ;  central  cellule  pentangular  and  transverse,  not  at  all 
oblique,  the  superior  side  very  short ;  tergum,  basal  segment 
with  the  basal  incisure,  and  spot  on  the  disk  near  the  tip,  black  ; 
remaining  segments  with  a  blackish  band  at  their  bases  more  or 
less  emarginated  in  their  middles;  beneath  yellow;  pectus  and 
postpectus  with  the  transverse  incisure,  black;  posterior  feet, 
coxae  above,  excepting  at  tip,  thighs,  excepting  at  base,  tibiae  at 
tip  and  first  and  second  joints  of  tarsi,  black;  venter  with  paler 
and  less  perfect  bands  than  those  of  the  tergum. 

Var.  o.  Intermediate  thighs  black  on  their  middle  above. 
Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 


374  MACLURIAN   LYCEUM. 

2.  I.  concinnus. — Antennae  black  with  white  annulations  ; 
tergum  white  with  six  or  seven  black  bands. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Head  white ;  a  broad  black  vittae  extending  from  the  black 
occiput,  two  black  abbreviated  lines  beneath  the  antennas,  each 
terminating  near  an  indented  point ;  mandibles  brown  at  tip,  a 
black  line  from  their  base  to  tip  ;  antennas  black;  9  to  the  17  joints 
inclusive,  [69]  white;  collar  yellow,  anterior  portion  black;  thorax 
with  a  narrow  line  before  the  wings  widely  interrupted  before ;  a 
double  much  abbreviated  white  line  in  the  middle ;  scutel  and 
small  transverse  line  behind  it,  white;  metathorax  with  two 
longitudinal  lines,  on  each  side  of  which  is  a  spine,  and  a  lateral 
white  line  interrupted  above ;  tergum  yellow ;  terminal  half  of 
the  first  segment,  and  basal  two-thirds  of  each  of  the  others, 
black ;  pectus  black ;  feet  honey  yellow ;  coxae  white  ;  posterior 
feet,  coxae  with  a  wide  much  indented  black  band ;  thighs  black- 
ish at  base;  venter  somewhat  dusky;  central  cellule  of  the  wings 
as  in  the  preceding. 

9  A  single  line  beneath  the  antennae  and  an  irregular  line 
above  the  mouth,  black ;  double  white  line  on  the  thorax  widely 
separated ;  an  abbreviated,  oblique  white  line  from  the  edge  of 
the  scutel  towards  the  superior  wings ;  tergum  with  the  black 
band  of  the  first  segment  not  terminal ;  feet  honey  yellow ;  coxae, 
excepting  the  posterior  pair,  white  ;  tip  of  the  tarsi  black  ;  ovi- 
duct blackish  piceous,  less  than  half  the  length  of  the  abdomen. 

Length  over  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Second  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  dilate,  as  in  Peltastes  Illig. 

3.  I.  otiosus. — Antennae  black  with  a  white  annulation ;  ter- 
gum with  a  white  band  on  the  base  of  segment. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black  with  a  white  orbital  line,  broader  before  and  ob- 
solete above;  antennas  9  to  the  14  joints  inclusive,  white;  thorax 
with  a  line  before  the  wings,  interrupted  before,  and  two  abbre- 
viated lines  on  the  disk  slightly  diverging  anteriorly,  white ;  scu- 
tel and  transverse  spot  behind  it,  white ;  central  cellule  of  the 
wings  [70]  as  in  the  preceding,  but  the  superior  side  is  somewhat 
shorter ;  tergum,  first  segment  with  a  triangular  band  at  tip : 
pleura  with  a  white,  longitudinal,  abbreviated  line  beneath  the 


MACLURIAN    LYCEUM.  375 

wings  and  one  or  two  spots  behind;  beneath  with  a  white  spot 
before  the  anterior  and  intermediate  coxed  ;  tibiae  white  lines  on 
their  exterior  sides  ;  posterior  tarsi,  first  and  second  joints  with  a 
white  line  above. 

Length  more  than  half  an  inch. 

Second  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  dilated  as  in  Peltastes  Illig. 

4.  I.  vincttjs. — Black:  abdomen  rufous. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black ;  head  above  the  antennae  and  occiput,  black  ;  or- 
bital line  interrupted  behind,  and  all  beneath  the  antennas  except 
the  incisure,  white;  antennae,  basal  joints  beneath,  white;  collar 
with  a  white  line ;  thorax  with  a  short  line  above  the  anterior 
wing  and  another  below  it,  from  the  anterior  extremity  of  these 
lines,  a  white  line  proceeds,  and  is  interrupted  before ;  two  im- 
pressed dorsal  lines  obsolete  behind ;  scutel  and  obsolete  point 
behind  it,  white ;  wings,  central  cellule  pentangular,  transverse  ; 
inetathorax  with  somewhat  elevated  rugae,  enclosing  a  pentangu- 
lar space,  from  the  angles  of  which  abbreviated  lines  diverge, 
the  two  posterior  of  which  terminate  at  the  short  tubercles ;  feet, 
anterior  and  intermediate  pairs,  pale  whitish  yellow,  the  coxae 
white  with  a  black  spot  behind,  the  thighs  with  a  black  line  and 
tibiae  of  the  anterior  pair  also  with  a  black  line ;  posterior  pair 
black,  second,  third  and  fourth  joints  of  the  tarsi,  white;  abdo- 
men bright  rufous,  immaculate. 

Length  $  half  an  inch.  [71] 

5.  I.  inquisitor. — Black;  feet  honey-yellow;  posterior  tibia 
white,  binnulate  with  black. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black ;  palpi  whitish ;  thorax  with  a  white  spot  on  the 
anterior  base  of  the  superior  wings;  wings,  central  cellule  quad- 
rangular, longitudinal,  narrowed  a  little  at  the  tip;  feet  honey- 
yellow  :  posterior  tibia  white,  a  black  annulus  near  the  base  and 
another  somewhat  larger  at  tip ;  joints  of  the  posterior  tarsi 
whitish,  blackish  at  their  tip  :  oviducts  nearly  as  long  as  the  ab- 
domen. 

Length  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

Preys  upon  the  larva  (of  a  Bruchus  ?)  that  feeds  on  the  seeds 
of  the  Clematis. 


876  MACLURIAN    LYCEUM. 

C.  I.  pterelas. — Black ;  feet  honey-yellow :  oviducts  elon- 
gated. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black;  immaculate ;  antennae  piceous  beneath  ;  palpi 
whitish  :  wings,  central  cellule  subquadrangular,  almost  triangu- 
lar, rather  longitudinal;  posterior  tibiae  and  tarsi  dusky;  ovi- 
ducts nearly  as  long  as  the  body,  aculeus  piceous. 

Length  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Belongs  to  the  genus  Pimpla  Fab. 

7.  I.  hilaris. — Yellowish  ;  head  black,  beneath  the  antennas 
yellowish. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  yellowish,  approaching  honey-yellow ;  head  above  the 
antennae  and  occiput  black ;  beneath  the  antennas  and  mouth 
yellow,  a  transverse  black  line  above  the  mouth ;  antennae  dusky, 
yellowish  beneath,  and  still  darker  above,  shorter  than  the  body  ; 
thorax  with  an  obsolete,  double,  pale  yellowish  line;  wings  hya- 
line; central  [72]  cellule  small,  quadrangular,  longitudinal,  some- 
what oblique,  not  distinctly  narrowed  at  either  end;  posterior  tarsi 
at  their  tip  dusky :  abdomen  depressed :  venter  with  a  dusky  spot 
near  the  tip. 

Length  %   nearly  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

8.  I.  malacus. — Body  black ;  antennas  annulate  with  white, 
beginning  at  the  tenth  joint  and  terminating  at  the  eighteenth  ; 
joints  very  distinct;  wings  blackish;  small  cellule  with  one  bulla, 
large  anal  cellule  with  three  bulla  and  two  short  processes ;  me- 
tathorax  with  elevated  lines  :  abdomen  with  an  impressed  line  each 
side. 

Length  more  than  half  an  inch. 

9.  I.  pectoralis. — Black  :  abdomen  rufous ;  antennae  black- 
ish, whitish  near  the  middle. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black ;  orbits  and  all  beneath  the  antennae,  yellow ; 
antennas  blackish,  13,  14,  15,  16,  joints  white :  thorax  with 
scutel  and  a  white  line  before  the  wings,  interrupted  before ; 
transverse  line  beneath  it,  yellow ;  wings  hyaline,  central  cel- 
lule pentangular,  transverse  ;  pleura  black :  pectus  black, 
with  a  large  yellow  spot  between  the  intermediate  and  posterior 


MACLURIAN  LYCEUM.  377 

feet :  feet  yellow  ;  posterior  thighs  tinged  with  rufous  ;  posterior 
tibiae  rufous  at  tip;  abdomen  rufous,  with  black  incisures. 
Length  over  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

10.  I.  bifasciatus. — Ferruginous  wings  dusky,  bifasciutc. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  ferruginous ;  antennae  somewhat  tinged  with  whitish 
beyond  the  middle  and  fuscous  at  tip  :  thorax  circumscribing  inci- 
sure black;  wings  dusky  with  a  hyaline  [73]  band  hardly  beyond 
the  middle  and  an  abbreviated  one  nearer  the  tip  ;  stigma  pale  fer- 
ruginous; inferior  wings  dusky,  with  a  semifasciate  on  the  mid- 
dle with  hyaline  :  oviducts  black ;  pectus  incisures  black ;  pos- 
terior tibial  blackish  at  tip. 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

11.  I.  morulus. — Black  ;  antennas  with  a  whitish  ambulation. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black:  antennre  with  a  white  annulation  beginning  at  the 
tenth  or  eleventh  joint  and  ending  at  the  sixteenth  or  seventeenth  ; 
wings  violet  black;  recurrent  nervures  of  the  small  cellule,  with 
each  a  salient  angle;  on  the  anterior  one  a  whitish  dot  and  an 
the  posterior  two  white  dots :  a  dot  also  on  the  posterior  nervure 
of  the  small  cellule ;  metathorax  with  elevated  lines  and  each  side 
behind  an  acute  angle ;  abdomen  with  a  short  petiole,  which  is 
lineated :  second  segment  opaque  with  confluent  punctures,  larger 
towards  the  base  ;  color  blue-black ;  oviduct  hardly  obvious. 

Length  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Second  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  dilated  as  in  Peltastes  Illig. 

12.  I.  residtjtjs. — Yellowish;  antennae  white  in  the  middle 
and  black  at  tip. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  yellowish,  tinged  with  rufous :  antennae  not  longer  than 
the  thorax,  the  ten  basal  joints  color  of  the  body,  11,  to  16 
whitish,  the  remaining  joints  black ;  wings  hyaline  ;  central 
cellule  pentangular;  posterior  tibia?  at  tip,  and  posterior  tarsi, 
dusky. 

Length  more  than  one-fourth  of  an  inch.  [74] 


378  MACLURIAN   LYCEUM. 

ANOMALON  Jurine. 

1.  A.  SEXLINEATA. — Black;  feet  rufous;  metathorax  with  six 
raised  Hues. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black ;  antennae  piceous  beneath,  rather  shorter  than  the 
body  ;  palpi  yellowish ;  thorax  sub  trilobate,  the  impressed  lines 
being  deep  and  wide ;  wings  a  little  dusky,  a  small  whitish  spot 
on  the  beginning  of  the  carp  :  central  cellule  none  ;  metathorax 
densely  punctured,  with  six  longitudinal,  slightly  elevated  line.*, 
two  of  which  are  on  the  side ;  feet  rufous ;  posterior  tibiae  and 
their  tarsi  dusky ;  tergum,  first  segment  densely  and  finely  punc- 
tured ;  oviduct  hardly  as  long  as  the  abdomen. 

Length  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

2.  A.  humerale. — Black ;   antenna?  with  a  white  cinctus. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black,  punctured ;  antennae,  12,  13,  14  and  15th  joints 
white ;  thorax  with  an  acute  tubercle  on  the  humerus ;  somewhat 
elongated  before  the  wings ;  metathorax  with  two-  acute  tubercles 
each  side  at  tip ;  tergum,  second  segment  with  an  impressed 
oblique  line  each  side  at  the  basal  angle ;  oviduct  longer  than  the 
abdomen;  knees  white. 

Length  9  more  than  half  an  inch. 

3.  A.  mellipes. — Black:  feet  honey-yellow. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black,  polished  ;  palpi  whitish ;  wings  hyaline,  with  a 
slight  fuliginous  tinge;  larger  middle  cellule  with  three  white 
bullae  ;  oviduct  as  long  as  the  body ;  feet  honey-yellow. 

Length  more  than  two-fifths  of  an  inch.  [75] 

OPHIOX    Eabr. 

1.  0.  bilineatl'S. — Honey -yellow ;  head  yellow;  thorax 
with  two  dark  lines. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Head  yellow ;  antennae  honey-yellow ;  mandibles  blackish  at 
tip ;  thorax  with  two  somewhat  reddish  brown  lines  almost  ob- 
solete;  wings  with  fuscous  nervures;  costal  nervure  and  carpal 
spot  honey-yellow ;  the  latter  dilated,  conspicuous  ;  large  central 
cellule   acutely   angulated   at   tip;     central    cellule    angulated 


MAOLURIAN   LYCEUM.  379 

at  tip ;  small  central  cellule  angulated  at  the  superior  basal  angle 
and  with  a  very  slight  process,  its  terminal  ncrvure  almost  oblit- 
erated on  the  outer  half,  its  outer  nervure  almost  obliterated  in 
the  middle  and  white  in  that  part :  the  two  terminal  connecting 
nervures  forming  an  acute  angle;  pleura  paler  than  the  thorax; 
abdomen,  second  segment  hardly  as  long  as  the  first  and  longer 
than  the  third. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

2.  0.  Analis. — Reddish-brown  :  head  above  black,  beneath 
the  antenna)  yellow ;  abdomen  black  at  tip. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Head  above  the  antennas  black  :  beneath  the  antennae  yellow  : 
occiput  black,  reddish-brown  each  side  :  antennae  dark  reddish- 
brown,  almost  black,  at  base  black  :  beneath  somewhat  paler, 
darker  towards  the  base,  radical  joint  yellow  at  base;  thorax  red- 
dish brown,  with  large  blackish  disk,  divided  into  three  wide 
lines  by  two  impressed  lines ;  sutures  of  the  scutel  and  metatho- 
rax  black ;  wings  the  larger  central  cellule  obtuse  at  tip ;  smaller 
central  cellule  with  a  small  angle  at  tip,  where  it  is  widest,  very 
obtusely  rounded  at  the  superior  basal  angle ;  do  not  meet  and 
form  an  angle,  carpal  spot  slender ;  pectus  black  ;  posterior  thighs 
blackish  at  base,  their  coxae  with  [76]  a  black  spot,  their  tibise 
dusky  at  tip  and  their  tarsi  yellow;  abdomen  black  at  tip  and 
on  the  superior  edge  of  the  second  segment,  which  is  at  least  as 
long  as  the  first  segment. 

Length  9  nearly  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

3.  0.  GEMINATUS. — Yellowish ;  vertex  with  a  black  spot; 
large  central  cellule  of  the  wings  obtuse  at  tip. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  dull  yellowish ;  head  yellow ;  vertex  black  :  antenna) 
somewhat  shorter  than  the  body,  tinged  with  brown,  the  first 
joint  yellow;  wings  hyaline,  with  fuscous  nervures  and  honey- 
yellow  somewhat  dilated  carpal  spot :  large  central  cellule  obtuse 
at  tip,  the  nervure  of  the  tip  double ;  smaller  central  cellule  very 
obtusely  rounded  at  the  superior  basal  angle ;  pleura  and  pectus 
pale  yellowish;  abdomen,  second  segment  obviously  shorter  than 
the  first,  and  not  longer  than  the  third. 

Length  about  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 


380  MACLURIAN  LYCEUM. 

This  species  closely  resembles  0.  bilineatus  nob.,  but  is  much 
smaller,  and  the  arrangement  of  the  wing-nervures  proves  it  to  be 
a  different  species. 

4.  0.  emarginalus  [emarginatus]. — Black;  antennae  fus- 
cous ;  feet  honey-yellow. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black,  sericeous  with  short  hair ;  head  convex  beneath 
the  antennae,  at  the  base  of  which  the  head  is  much  more  prom- 
inent than  immediately  above  the  antennae  where  the  head  is  in- 
dented ;  antennas  short,  above  dark  fuscous,  beneath  paler,  first 
joint  rather  longer;  palpi  white :  thorax  immaculate ;  metathorax 
with  four  longitudinal  slightly  raised  lines ;  wings  hyaline  with 
fnscous  nervures  and  carpal  spot ;  larger  central  cellule  obtuse  or 
[77]  rather  truncated  at  tip,  and  emarginated  by  the  curvature  of 
the  radial  cellule  ;  smaller  cellule  with  a  small  angle  at  tip,  where 
it  is  widest,  and  gradually  tapering  to  its  opposite  extremity  with- 
out any  curvature  :  feet  honey-yellow,  short,  anterior  coxae  with 
a  whitish  reflection;  abdomen  short,  almost  sensible,  not  compres- 
sed. 

ALYSIA   Latr. 

1.  A.  ridibunda. — Rufous ;  head,  wings  and  tip  of  the  ter- 
guni,  black. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  yellowish-rufous ;  head  black,  a  rufous  spot  each  side  of 
the  mouth ;  antennae  longer  than  the  body ;  wings  blackish  : 
central  cellule  large,  longitudinal,  acute  before,  nervure  connect- 
ing with  the  carpal  spot  placed  obviously  behind  the  middle  of 
the  cellule ;  feet  black;  tibiae  and  tarsi  more  or  less  tinged  with 
dull  rufous;    tergum  depressed,  near  the  tip  a  large   black  spot. 

Length  %  nearly  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

2.  A.  pallipes. — Black ;  feet,  abdomen  at  base,  and  antenme 
at  base,  white. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black,  polished  ;  antennae  fuscous,  first  and  second  joints 
whitish ;  mandibles  piceous ;  wings  hyaline,  central  cellule  in 
length  equal  to  double  its  greatest  width ;  feet  white ;  abdomen 
white  at  base. 

Length  one-twentieth  of  an  inch. 


MACLURIAN  LYCEUM.  381 


BRACON  Jur.  Fabr.  Latr. 

1.  B.  exhalans. — Black;  abdomen  sanguineous. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Head  black;  palpi  whitish;  antennae  shorter  than  the  [78]  body : 
thorax  black;  wings  blackish,  second  cubital  cellule  longitudinal, 
quadrangular,  acute  at  base,  nervure  connecting  with  the  carpal 
spot  placed  obviously  before  the  middle  of  the  cellule  ;  feet  black- 
ish ;  abdomen  sanguineous ;  oviduct  shorter  than  the  body,  black- 
ish ;  metathorax  simple  pale  reddish. 

Length  more  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

2.  B.  honestor. — Yellowish-rufous;  wings  blackish,  with  a 
whitish  baud  and  tip. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  rufous,  slightly  tinged  with  yellow ;  antenna)  rather  long- 
er than  the  body;  thorax  somewhat  bilobate,  the  posterior  seg- 
ment being  canaliculate ;  wings  dusky,  with  black  nervures  and 
rather  large  carpal  spot ;  a  narrow,  transverse,  whitish  band  be- 
yond the  middle,  and  whitish  tip ;  posterior  tibiae  dusky,  whitish 
at  base  and  at  the  terminal  incisures ;  abdomen  clavate,  almost 
pedunculated ;  oviduct  longer  than  the  abdomen. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Second  cubital  cellule  elongated. 

3.  B.  truncator. — Pale  honey-yellow ;  vertex  with  a  black 
spot. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  pale  honey-yellow,  polished,  impuncturad  ;  antennae  fuB- 
cous,  honey-yellow  at  base;  stemmata  in  a  black  spot;  palpi 
whitish  towards  the  tip  ;  metathorax  slightly  punctured :  abdomen 
much  compressed,  truncate. 

Length  nearly  one  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

PEBILAMPUS   Latr. 

1.  P.  triangularis. — Green  and  blue ;  tarsi  yellow ;  wings 
dusky  at  tip.  [79] 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  polished ;  head  green  with  a  violaceous  reflection,  each 
side  before  vertically  striate;  occiput  transversely  and  longitudi- 


382  MACLURIAN  LYCEUM. 

nally  striated,  violaceous,  the  collar  punctured,  green ;  scutel 
much  elongated,  entire ;  wings  dusky  on  the  apical  half  ;  abdo- 
men very  short,  wide,  triangular,  very  convex  above  and  beneath ; 
anterior  half  violaceous,  posterior  half,  green  with  a  violaceous 
reflection ;  tarsi  yellow. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

2.  P.  hyalinus. — Green;  wings  hyaline. 

Inhabits  Pennsylvania. 

Body  green  punctured ;  scutel  much  elongated,  slightly  emar- 
ginated  ;  wings  hyaline,  immaculate ;  abdomen  very  short,  wide, 
triangular,  very  convex  above  and  beneath,  violaceous ;  tarsi  yel- 
lowish ;  anterior  tibiae  honey-yellow. 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Differs  from  the  preceding  in  being  destitute  of  the  dusky  wing 
tips  and  in  having  punctures  instead  of  striae. 

SPALANGIUS  Latr. 
S.  politus. — Bluish-green ;  tergum  with  a  cupreous  band  at 


Inhabits  Virginia. 

Body  bluish-green,  varied  with  violaceous,  densely  punctured; 
front  grooved  to  receive  the  basal  joint  of  the  antennae;  flagellum 
fuscous ;  wings  hyaline,  slightly  dusky ;  scutel  somewhat  promi- 
nent ;  abdomen  a  little  depressed ;  first  segment  brilliant  cupre- 
ous :  incisures  glabrous  ;  terminal  segment  longer  than  the  others 
together,  forming  at  tip  a  narrowed,  carinated  black  [80]  process 
for  the  reception  of  the  tip  of  the  oviduct  beneath ;  feet  dull 
honey-yellow. 

Length  9  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

I  found  this  species  on  the  sea  beach  of  Senipuxent  Island. 

CODRUS  Jur. 

C.  pallidus. — Pale  honey-yellow. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  pale  honey -yellow ;  antennae,  excepting  the  basal  joint, 
fuscous ;  stethidium,  incisures  black  ;  wings  hyaline  :  stigma  dis- 
tinct, pale  brown. 

Length  nearly  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 


MACLURIAN  LYCEUM.  383 


SERLION  Latr. 

S.  terminalis. — Antennae,  terminal  joint  white  ;  wings  uni- 
faseiate. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  somewhat  piceous ;  head  yellowish ;  antennae  broken, 
blackish;  first  joint  nearly  as  long  as  the  others  together;  ter- 
minal joint  dilated,  compressed,  subtriangular,  white  ;  wings  with 
a  broad  dusky  band;  intermediate  tarsi  white  except  at  tip. 

Length  more  than  one-twentieth  of  an  inch. 

PSILUS  Jur. 

1.  P.  ciliatus. — Black;  feet  whitish;  hairs  of  the  wings 
elongated. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black,  polished  ;  antennas  with  an  oblong  oval  acute  club, 
at  base  honey-yellow ;  petiole  of  the  abdomen  and  feet  honey- 
yellow  ;  wings  deeply  ciliated,  the  hairs  longer  tnan  the  trans- 
verse diameter  of  the  wings. 

Length  less  than  one-twentieth  of  an  inch. 

2.  P.  obtustjs. — Black  ;  feet  whitish,  thighs  black  in  the  mid- 
dle. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black,  polished  ;  antennas  fuscous ;  anterior  wings  white 
and  very  obtuse,  finely  ciliated;  ciliae  very  short ;  feet  whitish ; 
thighs  black,  white  at  base  and  tip ;  coxae  black. 

Length  nearly  one-twentieth  of  an  inch. 

PLATYGASTER  Latr. 

3.  P.  PALLIPES. — Body  black  ;  antennae  fuscous,  moniliform  : 
basal  joint  honey-yellow ;  wings  hyaline ;  abdomen  polished, 
much  depressed ;  widest  near  the  tip  and  obtuse,  gradually  and 
rectilinearly  a  little  narrowed  to  the  base  :  feet  whitish-yellow. 

Length  one-thirtieth  of  an  inch. 

BETHYLUS  Latr. 

B.  ARMIFERUS. — Black ;  tergum  with  elongated  white  hairs. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body   entirely  black,   immaculate,   with   short   hairs;    head 


384  MACLURIAN  LYCEUM. 

covered  with  discoidal  punctures ;  tergum  polished,  with  a  few 
elongated,  rigid,  white  hairs,  as  long  as  two  of  the  segment" 
taken  together. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch.  [81] 

DRYINUS  Latr. 
D.  bifasciatus. — Yellowish ;   wings  bifasciate. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body   honey-yellow,   varied   with   blackish ;   anterior   thighs 
dilated  j  wings  with  two  fuscous  bands,  the  apical  one  broader. 
Length  rather  more  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch.  [823 

CHRYSIS  Linn.  Latr. 

1.  C.  pacifica. — Green;  anal  segment  mutic  ;  tarsi   fuscous. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  green  with  a  slight  bluish  tinge,  with  short  hairs ;  an- 
tennae, five  or  six  terminal  joints  fuscous;  wings  hyaline,  a  little 
brownish  on  the  costal  margin  beyond  the  stigma;  tergum  more 
particularly  tinged  with  bluish  ;  anal  segment  rounded,  subtrun- 
cate,  unarmed ;  tarsi  fuscous. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

2.  C.  cartnata. — Bluish ;  abdomen  subtridentate. 
Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  greenish  blue  varied  with  purplish  ;  front,  from  the  an- 
tennae to  the  middle,  with  numerous  whitish  hairs;  antennas  fus- 
cous, green  at  base;  metathorax,  lateral  tubercles  acute;  middle 
termination  subacute ;  tergum,  anal  segment  carinate,  the  carina 
extending  beyond  the  edge  into  an  acute  tooth ;  lateral  angles 
acute ;  tarsi  fuscous. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

HEDYCRIUM  Latr. 

H.  sinuosum. — Reddish-coppery  ;  wings  fuliginous  at  tip. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  reddish-coppery,  polished,  punctured ;  front  concave, 
greenish ;  antennae  fuscous,  green  at  base ;  metathorax  acute  at 
posterior  angles;  wings  beyond  the  middle  fuliginous;  tergum 
blue-purple;  terminal  segment  hardly  as  long  as  the  penultimate, 
with  a  sinus  at  tip ;  beneath  green  ;  tarsi  fuscous. 

Length  about  one-fifth  of  inch. 


MAOLURIAN   LYCEUM.  385 


TIPHIA  Fabr.  Latr. 


T.  transversa. — Blue-black,  somewhat  hairy. 

Inhabits  Indiana. 

Body  black,  with  a  slight  bluish  or  purplish  reflection ;  with 
numerous  whitish  hairs  ;  immaculate,  punctured ;  antennae  black, 
opaque  j  mandibles  piceous  at  tip  j  palpi  fuscous  j  wings  a  little 
dusky,  hyaline;  nervures  black;  apical  lines  of  the  second  cubi- 
tal cellule  transverse,  rectilinear;  metathorax  each  side  striated, 
above  with  three  slightly  elevated  longitudinal  lines  and  a  pos- 
terior transverse  one;  abdomen,  first  segment  narrower  than  the 
second,  somewhat  gibbous  above  and  flat  beneath,  the  incisure 
indented ;  remaining  segment  more  hairy,  ciliated ;  tibiae  and 
tarsi  with  silver  hairs. 
Length  nearly  half  an  inch. 


25 


386  ANNALS   OF   THE   LYCEUM. 


[From  Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  History  of  New  York.    Vol.  I. , 
part  2  ;  1825.     Pp.  249—268.] 

Descriptions  of  new  American  Species  of  the  Genera  BUPRESTIS, 
TEACHYS  and  ELATER. 

Read  January  17,  1825. 

BUPRESTIS. 

1.  B.  transversa. — Cupreous  or  blackish;  elytra  with  striae 
of  punctures;  a  glabrous  line  between  the  eyes. 

Desc.  Body  varying  in  color,  from  a  dull  cupreous  to  brown- 
ish black ;  head  with  large,  confluent  punctures,  and  a  distinct 
elevated  line  extending  transversely  between  the  eyes  :  eyes  dis- 
tant :  thorax  with  large  confluent  punctures,  [250]  two  elevated 
glabrous  lines  forming  a  groove  between  them  :  an  elevated  line 
on  each  side  originating  on  the  anterior  edge,  and  becoming  ob- 
solete at  the  middle  of  its  length  ;  a  somewhat  elevated,  oblique 
line  at  the  posterior  angles ;  elytra  entire,  rounded  at  tip  with  re- 
gular striae  of  punctures :  beneath  much  punctured. 

Length  half  an  inch. 

It  is  about  the  size  of  B.  Jongipes  nob.  The  sexes,  of  a  very 
dark  color,  were  sent  me  by  Dr.  J.  F.  Melsheimer,  and  I  have  a  fe- 
male, taken  several  years  since,  which  is  of  a  decided  coppery 
tint,  though  somewhat  dull ;  the  color,  therefore,  cannot  be  relied 
upon ;  but  the  lines  of  punctures  on  the  elytra,  the  form  of  the 
thoracic  lines,  and  the  transverse  frontal  line,  in  conjunction  with 
the  entire  elytra,  are  sufficiently  characteristic. 

[A  Dicerca,  previously  described  as  B.  punctulata  Schonh. — 
Lec] 

2.  B.bilineata. — Thorax  each  side,  and  line  on  each  elytrum, 
fulvous. 

Buprestis  bilmeata  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Body  slender ;  above,  black  :  head  dull  brassy,  longi- 
tudinally indented,  and  with  an  oblique  indentation  each  side  on 
the  front :  thorax  with  a  dull  fulvous  lateral  margin ;  elytra 
rounded  at  tip,  and  minutely  serrated ;  indented  at  base  ;  on  each 
is  a  slender,  dull,  fulvous  line  originating  near  the  humerus,  and 


ANNALS   OP   THE   LYCEUM.  387 

extended  towards  the  tip,  where  it  gradually  approaches  the  scu- 
tel; scutel  transverse  and  transversely  carinated;  beneath  dark- 
green,  polished  on  the  venter ;  edge  of  the  postpectus  and  venter 
with  a  dull  fulvous  line. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

The  quercata  Fabr.,  is  described  to  be  green,  with  a  fuscous 
vitta  on  the  elytra,  and  a  spot  on  the  thorax;  it  therefore  differs 
[251]  from  the  present  insect.  The  surface  of  the  elytra  ap- 
pears covered  with  minute  imbricated  points,  which  are  more 
acute  and  obvious  towards  the  tip. 

[This  and  the  three  following  belong  so  Agrilus  ;  B.  quercata 
is  totally  different,  being  an  Anthaxia. — Lec] 

3.  B.  arcuata. — Dark  bronze;  elytra  black;  thorax  with  an 
elevated  line  at  the  posterior  angles. 

Desc.  Body  slender :  head  punctured,  with  a  longitudinal  in- 
dented line,  and  obsolete  indentation  each  side  on  the  front :  thorax 
inequal,  transversely  confidently  punctured ;  an  elevated,  arcuated 
line,  extends  from  the  posterior  angle  almost  to  the  middle  of 
the  lateral  margin  :  scutel  transverse  and  transversely  carinated : 
elytra  indented  at  base;  at  tip  rounded  and  denticulated:  be- 
neath dark  greenish,  polished,  particularly  on  the  venter. 

Length  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

Of  a  similar  form  to  the  preceding  species ;  but  it  is  altogether 
destitute  of  the  marginal  colored  line  of  the  thorax,  and  those 
of  the  elytra ;  the  elevated  line  of  the  thoracic  also  angles  distin- 
guishes it.  The  imbrication  of  the  elytra  is  similar  to  the  pre- 
ceding species. 

4.  B.  polita. — Cupreous,  polished ;  thorax  with  an  elevated 
line  at  the  posterior  angles. 

Desc.  Body  slender,  highly  polished,  cupreous :  head  tinged 
with  green,  punctured  ;  longitudinal  indented  line  obsolete  :  an- 
tennae blackish  :  thorax  a  little  inequal ;  transversely  confidently 
punctured ;  an  elevated  arcuated  line  extends  from  the  posterior 
angles  almost  to  the  middle  of  the  lateral  margin  :  scutel  trans- 
verse and  transversely  carinated  :  elytra  indented  at  base ;  at  tip 
rounded  and  denticulated. 

Length  rather  more  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch.  [252] 

Found  by  Mr.  Thomas  Nuttall  on  the  bank  of  the  Mississippi 

river.     In  many  of  its  characters  it  resembles  the  arcuata,  but  is 


388  ANNALS   OF  THE  LYCEUM. 

much  smaller,  and  the  color  is  altogether  different;  the  indenta- 
tion of  the  head  also  is  hardly  perceptible.  It  is  rather  larger 
than  geminata  nob.,  which,  as  I  have  ascertained,  on  close  ex- 
amination, has  the  elytra  denticulated  at  tip. 

5.  B.  pusilla. — Blackish-green ;  front  without  any  obvious 
impressed  line. 

Desc.  Body  slender :  head  tinged  with  bluish,  with  obsolete 
rather  distant  punctures ;  excepting  on  the  vertex,  where  they 
are  rather  large  and  confluent ;  frontal  impressed  line  obsolete  : 
antennae  black;  thorax  somewhat  inequal ;  transversely  confluently 
punctured;  two  slight,  dilated  indentations  placed  longitudinally  on 
the  disk,  and  a  larger  and  more  profound  one  on  the  lateral  mar- 
gin ;  an  elevated,  arcuated  line  extends  from  the  posterior  angle, 
almost  to  the  middle  of  the  lateral  margin  :  elytra  indented  at 
base,  at  tip  rounded  and  minutely  denticulated,  the  denticulations 
not  extending  on  the  sutural  or  lateral  edge. 

Length  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  is  so  much  smaller  than  either  of  the  above  species,  as  to 
be  distinguished  readily  by  that  character,  without  resorting  to 
any  other.  I  detected  it  at  the  cantonment  of  Major  Long's 
party,  on  the  Missouri. 

TKACHYS. 

1.  T.  ovata. — Ovate,  black ;  head  without  an  indented  line ; 
elytra  without  regular  punctures. 

Desc.  Body  very  short,  ovate,  black  :  head  without  the  usua^ 
dilated  indentation,  but  a  very  slight  indentation  may  be  observed 
on  close  inspection,  particularly  on  the  [253]  lower  part  of  the 
front ;  slightly  punctured :  thorax  equal,  with  the  exception  of 
a  dilated  indentation  on  each  side,  with  distant  punctures  in 
which  is  a  raised  centre  :  scutel  large,  flat,  impunctured,  polished : 
elytra  with  wide,  irregular,  not  deeply  impressed  punctures, 
without  any  appearance  of  a  regular  series ;  no  appearance  of 
elevated  lines ;  a  profound  excavation  behind  the  humerus,  with- 
out any  sinus  of  the  edge ;  humerus  prominent. 

Length  rather  more  than  one-tenth  of  an  inch. 

This  is  the  smallest  species  I  have  met  with,  and  of  a  shorter 
form. 

[Afterwards,  Trans.  Amer,  Phil.  Soc,  6,  164,  made  the  type 


ANNALS   OF   THE   LYCEUM.  389 

of  a  new  genus  Metonius  Say,  which  is  identical  with  Pachyscelis  ; 
T.  ovata  Weber  is  a  very  different  insect,  belonging  to  Brachi/s. — 
Lec] 

2.  T.  gracilis. — Oblong  blackish  ;  elytra  with  regular  series 
of  punctures. 

Desc.  Body  rather  slender,  oblong,  blackish-brassy :  head  a 
little  concave,  but  not  profoundly  so:  thorax  inequal,  with  a 
slight  impressed  line  before,  and  a  wide  indented  space  occupy- 
ing half  the  thorax  behind ;  on  each  side  is  a^raised,  arcuated, 
obtuse  line,  extending  nearly  from  one  angle  to  the  other  :  scutel 
moderate :  elytra  with  regular  series  of  rather  large,  profoundly 
impressed  punctures,  which  are  obsolete  at  tip. 

Length  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

A  comparatively  slender  species.  I  found  it  on  a  myrtle  bush 
at  Senipuxten  island,  in  September.  It  exhibits  an  unusual 
regularity  in  its  series  of  punctures. 

[This  is  the  type  of  Taphrocerus  Sol.;  but  the  name  under 
which  it  was  known  to  him  is  the  synonym  Brachys  alboguttata 
Lap.  and  Gory. — Lec] 

ELATER. 

1.  E.  abruptus. — Black,  covered  with  minute  hairs:  junc- 
tion of  the  thorax  and  elytra  deeply  excavated. 

Desc.  Body  black,  polished,  covered  with  minute  punctures, 
which  give  rise  to  very  short  brown  hairs  which  [254  ]  in  a  par- 
ticular light  have  a  somewhat  sericeous  appearance  :  serratures  of 
the  antenna;  and  palpi  dull  rufous :  thorax  considerably  convex, 
at  the  base  abruptly  curved  downwards ;  the  lateral  spines  are, 
however,  horizontal :  scutel  convex,  oval,  making  a  considerable 
angle  with  the  longitudinal  diameter  of  the  body;  elytra  with  ob- 
solete impunctured  striae,  more  distinct  towards  the  margin  and 
tip :  base  rather  abruptly,  very  much  decurved,  so  that,  in  con- 
junction with  the  form  of  the  thoracic  base,  it  exhibits  a  wide 
and  deep  excavation  between  the  two  parts  of  the  body. 

Length  four-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Next  in  size  to  the  morio  and  laevigatas  Fabr.,  of  all  the  North 
American  species  I  have  yet  seen.  The  latter  species  I  believe 
to  be  only  a  variety  of  the  former ;  it  is  equal  in  size,  with  the 
same  form,  impressed  front,  &c. ;  the  only  difference  is,  that  one 


890  ANNALS    OF   THE   LYCEUM. 

has  the  elytra  obviously  striated,  and  the  other  has  those  striae 
so  far  obsolete,  that  the  elytra  appear  smooth  to  the  eye. 
[Belongs  to  Ludius. — Lec] 

2.  E.  hemipodus. — Black ;  thorax  convex,  rather  gibbous ; 
thighs  rufous. 

Elater  fuscipes  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Body  black,  with  short  hairs ;  head  with  an  obsolete, 
impressed,  arcuated  line  on  the  front;  antennae  not  serrated, 
black ;  basal  joints  dark  piceous  :  thorax  very  convex,  rather 
broadest  in  the  middle,  equally  narrowed  before  and  behind  ; 
lateral  edge  regularly  arcuated,  a  little  contracted  near  the  pos- 
terior angles;  no  appearance  of  an  impressed  line;  the  interval 
between  the  thorax  and  elytra  deeply  indented;  scutel  oval, 
truncated  at  base :  elytra  striated,  minutely  punctured,  slightly 
tinged  with  brassy  :  thighs  dark  rufous.  [255] 

Length  eleven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  is  a  very  different  insect  from  the  fuscipes  Fabr. 

[A  species  of  Asaphes  Kirby. — Lec] 

3.  E.  unicolor. — Blackish-brown ;  antennas  simple ;  thorax 
short,  narrowed  before,  and  with  an  impressed  line  behind. 

Elater  unicolor  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Body  blackish-brown,  with  short  cinereous  hair  :  head 
a  little  concave  just  above  the  interval  between  the  antennae  and 
a  longitudinal  slightly  impressed  line  :  antennas  not  serrated, 
third  joint  considerably  longer  than  the  fourth :  palpi  pale 
rufous :  thorax  somewhat  convex,  narrowed  anteriorly  by  an 
arcuated  line,  at  the  posterior  angles  very  slightly  excurved ; 
posterior  declivity  with  an  abbreviated  impressed  line,  which 
does  not  reach  the  middle :  scutel  oval  orbicular :  elytra  striate, 
strias  without  very  distinct  punctures,  but  on  each  side  of  them 
a  row  of  minute  punctures  may  be  traced  on  the  interstitial  line 
which  are  a  little  rounded  :  thighs  dull  rufous. 

Length  rather  more  than  half  an  inch. 

[Belongs  to  Perothops  ;  does  not  differ  from  E.  mucidus  below. 
— Lec] 

4.  E.  viridis. — Blackish-cupreous;  venter  in  the  middle,  and 
feet  rufous. 

Elater  viridis  Melsh.  Catal. 


ANNALS   OP   THE   LYCEUM.  391 

Desc.  Body  dark  coppery,  with  short  hairs :  head  with  rather 
large,  confluent  punctures  :  antennae  rufous,  robust,  much 
serrated  :  palpi  rufous :  thorax  distinctly  punctured ;  a  very  ob- 
vious, obtusely  indented  line  extends  from  the  base  to  the  ante- 
rior margin,  where  it  is  obsolete ;  posterior  angles  prominent, 
extending  a  little  outwards:  scutel  orbicular:  elytra  striate,  the 
striae  distinctly  punctured  :  epipleura  rufous  :  feet  rufous  :  venter 
on  the  disk  rufous.  [  256  ] 

Length  rather  less  than  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Very  distinct,  and  readily  recognized. 

[If  this  is  not  identical  with  E.  hrevicornis  infra  p.  399,  which 
is  the  female  of  Carymbites  appressifrons,  it  cannot  be  referred 
to  any  species  known  to  me. — Lec] 

5.  E.  paralleltjs. — Brown ;  thorax  with  the  anterior  angles 
dilated,  and  as  wide  as  at  the  posterior  angles. 

E later  angulatus  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Body  reddish-brown,  minutely  punctured  :  antennae  ru- 
fous, serrated  :  thorax  longer  than  broad,  rather  widest  at  the  an- 
terior angles,  which  are  much  wider  than  the  head ;  an  impressed 
longitudinal  line  obsolete  on  the  anterior  margin ;  lateral  edge 
subrectilinear,  scutel  orbicular ;  elytra  with  impressed,  punctured 
striaa. 

Length  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

The  name  angulatus  is  pre- occupied. 

[A  Corymbites ;  the  specific  name  being  preoccupied,  was  re- 
placed by  sulcicollis,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  6,  168. — Lec] 

6.  E.  muscidus. — Pale  brown ;  thorax  very  short ;  antennae 
rather  robust,  simple. 

Elater  muscidus  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Body  pale  brown,  a  little  tinged  with  reddish,  some- 
what densely  covered  with  cinereous,  short  hair  :  head,  transverse 
line  between  the  antennae,  not  elevated  in  its  middle  :  antennae 
very  hairy,  robust,  and  rather  long,  without  any  appearance  of 
serrature  :  mouth  ciliated  above  :  thorax  very  short,  a  little  trans- 
verse and  convex,  narrowed  before  to  the  width  of  the  head, 
somewhat  widest  in  the  middle,  a  little  contracted  before  the 
posterior  spines,  which  are  not  elongated  ;  a  longitudinal  slightly 
impressed  line  from  the  base  to  the  middle  :  scutel  orbicular : 
elytra  with  impunctured  striae. 


392  ANNALS   OP   THE   LYCEUM. 

Length  more  than  three-fifths  of  an  inch.  [257] 

This  species  is  more  thickly  covered  with  hair  than  usual. 
I  am  unacquainted  with  the  griseus  Beauv. :  but  if  his  figure 
is  even  a  tolerable  representation,  our  insect  is  very  distinct, 
his  description  is  too  short  and  unessential  to  give  any  assist- 
ance. 

[This  is  the  type  of  Perotliops  ;  it  was  previously  described  as 
E.  mucidus  Schbnh. — Lec] 

7.  E.  attenuatus. — Reddish ;  elytra  lanceolate,  black  at  tip. 
Elate?'  attenuatus  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Body  brownish,  sanguineous,  with  short  hairs  :  head 
blackish,  without  any  transverse  elevated  line :  antennae  deeply 
serrated,  blackish  rufous;  third  joint  very  short,  not  longer  than 
the  second ;  thorax  with  an  impressed  abbreviated  longitudinal 
line  on  the  posterior  margin ;  anterior  margin  not  wider  than  the 
head  ;  posterior  spines  rather  long  and  acute :  scutel  oval :  elytra 
with  the  striae  obsolete,  gradually  attenuated  to  the  tip,  which  is 
lanceolate,  acute;  region  of  the  scutel  deeply  indented;  tip 
black,  occupying  nearly  one-third  of  the  surface,  and  terminating 
anteriorly  obliquely. 

Length  nearly  four-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  seems  to  be  rare. 

[Belongs  to  Ludius. — Lec] 

8.  E.  viridipilis. — Depressed,  black,  covered  with  short 
blackish-green  hair. 

Desc.  Body  dilated,  somewhat  depressed,  black,  with  a  green- 
ish tinge  occasioned  by  short  hair  of  that  color :  head  concave, 
the  transverse  line  between  the  antennae  obtuse  :  antennae  deeply 
serrated;  third  joint  very  short,  equal  to  the  second:  thorax 
depressed,  longer  than  broad ;  sides  rectilinear  and  parallel ;  an- 
terior angles  acute,  wider  than  the  head ;  posterior  angles  not 
spiniform  :  scutel  subtriangular :  elytra  with  impressed,  punc- 
tured striae.  [258] 

Length  three-quarters  of  an  inch. 

The  thorax  is  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  elytra.     Rare. 

[Is  a  Chalcolepidius. — Lec] 

9.  E.  inflatus. — Dark  cupreous;  short,  robust;  feet  rufous. 
Elater  metalUcus  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Body  short,  very  robust,  dark  cupreous  with  short  cine- 


ANNALS    OP   THE   LYCEUM.  393 

reous  hair ;  head  with  the  transverse  line  between  the  antennae 
obtuse,  not  prominent :  antennjc  dark  piceous,  a  little  serrate, 
radix  rufous :  thorax  elevated,  convex,  breadth  equal  to  the 
length :  a  longitudinal  impressed  line  obsolete  on  the  anterior 
margin ;  posterior  spines  moderate  :  scutel  orbicular  :  elytra  with 
impressed  striae,  which  have  small  punctures  :  postpectus  black- 
ish :  feet  pale  rufous. 

Length  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Unusually  short  and  thick.  It  is  very  different  from  obesus  nob., 
by  its  much  more  robust  form,  by  having  an  impressed  thoracic 
line,  and  by  its  general  color. 

[Belongs  to  Corymb  ties. — Lec] 

10.  E.  erosus. — Brownish-rufous ;  thorax  with  five  indenta- 
tions. 

Desc.  Body  entirely  rufous,  tinged  with  brownish,  slightly 
hairy :  head  with  an  impressed  longitudinal  line  :  antenna?  not 
serrate,  the  joints  short,  terminal  joint  produced  at  tip  and  acute  : 
thorax  short,  decidedly  broader  than  long,  lateral  edge  much  ar- 
cuated, posterior  angles  short :  base  with  an  impressed  line  ex- 
tending to  the  middle,  with  an  abbreviated  impressed  line  on 
each  side  of  it,  not  reaching  the  base ;  on  each  side  of  the  middle 
is  a  slight  indentation  :  scutel  small,  orbicular,  convex :  elytra 
rather  deeply  striated,  striae  with  small  punctures :  beneath  a  little 
paler.  [259] 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Differs  from  lacunosus  Fabr.  in  magnitude  and  color,  as  well  as 
in  the  disposition  of  the  thoracic  indentations,  which  in  that 
species  are  placed  2,  1,  2,  whereas  in  the  present  species  they 
are  2,  3.  I  obtained  it  near  the  Rocky  Mountains,  whilst  ex- 
ploring that  country  with  Major  Long's  party. 

[This  is  Amlastes  Druryi  Kirby  (1817)  :  the  impressions  of 
the  thorax  excepting  the  dorsal  line,  are  frequently  wanting. — 
Lec] 

11.  E.  viridanus. — Dull  reddish-brown ;  thorax  with  two  in- 
dentations. 

Elater  viridanus  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Head  with  an  obsolete  indentation  on  the  vertex  :  an- 
tennae serrate,  second  joint  thicker  but  shorter  than  the  third: 
thorax  longer  than   broad,  slightly  and   gradually  narrowed  be- 


394  ANNALS    OF   THE   LYCEUM. 

fore ;  two  very  distinct  deeply  indented  punctures  before  the 
middle  each  side ;  a  longitudinal  slightly  indented  line  extends 
from  the  base  to  the  middle ;  posterior  angles  prominent,  acute, 
scutel  oval ;  elytra  with  punctured,  impressed  striae  :  beneath 
paler  rufous. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

The  anterior  indentations  of  the  thorax  are  situated  much 
farther  forward  than  those  of  the  erosus  nob. 

[Belongs  to  Sericosomus. — Lec] 

12.  E.  rotundicollis. — Thorax  rufous,  subquadrate,  rounded. 
Elattr  ruficollis  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Head  blackish-piceous,  irregularly  punctured,  transverse 
frontal  line  obtuse;  thorax  rufous,  convex,  quadrate;  anterior 
and  posterior  diameters  equal,  and  equal  to  the  longitudinal 
diameter ;  anterior  angles  obtusely  rounded,  much  wider  than 
the  head ;  edge  a  little  contracted  before  the  posterior  angles, 
which  are  a  little  [260]  excurved  and  very  acute  ;  scutel  black- 
ish-piceous, subtriangular :  elytra  dusky  brownish,  with  acute 
hardly  punctured  striae  and  convex  interstitial  lines  :  beneath 
rufo-piceous :  tarsi  pale. 

Length  rather  more  than  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

The  thorax  has  a  remarkably  rounded  appearance  to  the  un- 
assisted eye.     It  is  different  from  the  ruficolKs  Fabr. 

[Belongs  to  Corymbites. — Lec] 

13.  E  impressicollis. — Dull  rufous ;  thorax  with  an  im- 
pressed line  and  two  indentations. 

Elater fuscus   Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Body  rather  slender,  dull  rufous,  punctured,  with  short 
curved  hairs ;  head  with  a  prominent,  subacute,  transverse, 
frontal  line  :  antennae  deeply  serrated,  the  serratures  paler  :  thorax 
longitudinal,  rather  slender,  gradually  a  little  narrowed  before ; 
anterior  angles  not  broader  than  the  head  ;  edge  contracted  be- 
fore the  posterior  angles  which  are  oblique  and  not  much  elon- 
gated ;  a  longitudinal  impressed  line  obsolete  on  the  anterior 
margin,  and  two  rounded  indentations  on  the  posterior  subniar- 
gin :  scutel  oblong :  elytra  with  regular  close  set  series  of  rather 
large,  profound  punctures. 

Length  more  than  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 


ANNALS   OP   THE   LYCEUM.  395 

Readily  recognizable  by  the  two  indentations  of  the  thorax. 
The  name  fuscus  is  pre-occupied. 
[Is  an  Adelocera. — Lec] 

14.  E.  silaceus. — Slender,  pale  ochreous ;  head  and  thorax 
tinged  with  rufous. 

Elater  silaceous       ),,,,«,  m««  -i 

m  4  7       .        }   Melsh.  Catal.  [261] 

Elater  umbraticus   i 

Desc.  Body  pale  yellowish  ochreous,  with  short  hairs  ;  slender : 
head  without  any  prominent  transverse  line :  antennae  not  ser- 
rated, second  and  third  joint  equal  and  shorter  than  the  succeed- 
ing ones,  terminal  joints  not  truncated,  nor  very  acute :  thorax 
slightly  tinged  with  rufous ;  longer  than  broad ;  not  decidedly 
narrowed  before ;  anterior  angles  not  broader  than  the  head ; 
posterior  angles  a  little  excurved,  rather  long ;  a  longitudinal 
obsolete,  impressed  line :  scutel  oblong,  convex ;  elytra  with 
punctured  strise  not  very  deeply  impressed  :  venter  yellow. 

Length  nearly  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

A  very  common  species.  I  have  a  variety  of  which  the  tho- 
rax and  venter  are  almost  black. 

[A  Sericosomus. — Lec] 

15.  E.  rubricus. — Thorax  bright  rufous  with  a  large  black 
spot ;  elytra  paler. 

Elate)-  rubricus  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Body  oblong  oval :  head  black,  transverse  line  acute,  but 
not  very  prominent :  antennae  piceous,  robust,  deeply  serrated^ 
second  and  third  joint  equal,  much  smaller  than  the  following- 
ones,  which  are  triangular,  excepting  the  terminal  ones ;  ultimate 
joints  slightly  truncated  at  tip  :  thorax  as  broad  as  long,  regularly 
arcuated,  and  with  the  head  forming  a  semi-oval ;  highly  polished, 
bright  rufous  with  a  very  large  black  orbicular  spot  before, 
reaching  beyond  the  middle  :  scutel  oval,  truncate  at  base :  elytra 
pale  brownish-rufous,  with  regularly  punctured,  impressed  striae : 
postpectus  and  middle  of  the  pectus,  black :  feet  piceous. 

Length  nearly  three-tenths  of  an  inch. 

[Belongs  to  Elater  ;  the  specimen  was  immature,  as  the  elytra 
are  usually  black. — Lec] 

16.  E.  dilectus. — Brownish-black  j  thorax  rufous,  bilineate 
with  black.  [262] 

Elater  trilineatus  Melsh.  Catal. 


396  ANNALS   OF   THE  LYCEUM. 

Desc.  Body  short  robust :  head  piceous-black,  transverse  line 
prominent,  regularly  rounded,  acute ;  antennae  hai-dly  serrated, 
piceous,  second  and  third  joints  sub-equal,  the  second  joint  rather 
longer ;  thorax  large,  convex,  rufous,  with  two  longitudinal,  di- 
lated blackish  lines,  which  do  not  reach  the  base ;  posterior 
angles  prominent,  acute :  scutel  suborbicular ;  elytra  brownish- 
black,  with  regularly  punctured,  impressed  striae  :  venter  piceous 
at  tip  :  feet  pale. 

Length  rather  more  than  a  quarter  of  an  inch. 

Var.  a.  A  rufous  dilated  vitta  extends  from  the  humerus  to- 
wards the  tip  of  the  elytra. 

Var.  b.  Vitta  on  the  elytra,  and  beneath  rufous,  feet  white. 

Var.  c.  The  thoracic  vitta  confluent,  and  reaching  the  base. 

The  specific  name  trilineatus  is  pre-occupied. 

[Is  Elater  auritus  Herbst,  and  belongs  to  Moiiocrepidvus. — Lec.J 

17.  E.  QUERCINUS. — Black;  front  concave:  feet  pale. 
Elater  quercinus  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Body  slender,  black,  with  rather  long  hairs  :  head  with 
the  transverse  line  much  elevated  and  emarginate  in  the  middle  : 
antennae  rather  robust,  serrated,  three  basal  joints  rufous,  second 
and  third  joints  nearly  equal :  thorax  longer  than  broad,  hardly 
narrowed  before ;  a  very  slightly  impressed  longitudinal  line : 
anterior  angles  not  wider  than  the  head ;  posterior  angles  de- 
pressed, obtuse,  piceous  :  scutel  orbicular  :  elytra  with  slightly 
impressed,  deeply  punctured  striae ;  feet  pale  yellowish,  tinged 
with  rufous. 

Length  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

[A  common  species  of  Limonius. — Lec]  [263] 

18.  E.  plebejus. — Black  ;  front  concave  ;  feet  pale  ;  elytra 
dark  brown. 

Elater  plebejus  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Body  rather  slender,  black,  with  rather  short  hair : 
head  with  the  transverse  line  much  elevated  and  emarginate  in 
the  middle :  antennae  hardly  serrated,  dark  brown,  three  basal 
joints  dull  rufous,  second  and  third  subequal  hardly  shorter,  but 
more  slender  than  the  succeeding  ones :  thorax  convex,  widest  in 
the  middle ;  anterior  angles  not  wider  than  the  head  j  an  obso- 
lete obtuse  indented  line,  obvious  at  base  ;  posterior  angles  rather 
obtuse  piceous:    anterior  and  lateral  margins  obscure  piceous : 


ANNALS   OP  THE  LYCEUM.  397 

scutel  oval,  truncated :  elytra  dark  brown,  obscure  piceous  at 
base ;  striae  slightly  impressed,  acute,  punctured :  beneath  piceous  : 
postpcctus  and  middle  of  the  pectus  blackish  :  feet  pale. 

Length  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  species  is  very  similar  to  the  preceding,  but  its  greatly 
superior  magnitude  puts  their  specific  difference  beyond  a  doubt. 

[Also  a  Limonius. — Lec] 

19.  E.  rectangularis. — Fuscous ;  robust;  posterior  angles 
of  the  thorax  rectangular. 

Desc.  Body  robust,  very  dark  brown,  almost  blackish,  with 
numerous,  short,  very  robust  whitish  bristles;  head  with  the 
hairs  incurved ;  transverse  line  acute :  antennae  not  reaching 
more  than  half  the  length  of  the  thorax,  serrated,  pale  rufous, 
first  joint  fuscous,  second  and  third  joints  subequal,  terminal 
joint  oval :  palpi  pale  rufous :  thorax  subquadrate,  rapidly  nar- 
rowing before  the  middle ;  posterior  angles  not  produced,  but 
rectangular :  elytra  with  regular  series  of  large  profound  punc- 
tures:  feet  dull  rufous.  [264] 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

This  remarkable  species  I  found  near  the  Kocky  Mountains, 
during  the  journey  of  Major  Long's  exploring  party.  It  differs 
widely  from  any  other  species  I  have  seen,  by  its  general  aspect, 
as  well  as  by  its  short  antennae,  (which  were  completely  con- 
cealed in  the  lateral  fissures  of  the  pectus,)  and  the  rectangular 
posterior  thoracic  angles. 

[Belongs  to  Lacon,  which  I  formerly  did  not  consider  suffi- 
ciently distinct  from  Adelocera  to  be  received  as  a  genus. — Lec] 

20.  E.  cucullatus. — Thorax  rather  long;  frontal  line  re- 
markably elevated,  and  concave  above. 

Desc.  Body  reddish-brown,  with  very  short  hairs :  head  with 
the  frontal  transverse  line  very  much  elevated  and  prominent, 
lanciform,  obtusely  rounded  and  concave  on  its  superior  surface : 
antennae  rather  long,  slender,  not  serrated,  second  joint  not  much 
shorter  than  the  third :  thorax  longer  than  broad,  rather  slender, 
with  a  longitudinal  impressed  line ;  a  little  narrowed  behind  the 
anterior  angles,  and  before  the  posterior  ones,  the  latter  not  very 
prominent,  obtuse :  elytra  indented  at  the  base  of  each,  with  im- 


398  ANNALS   OF   THE   LYCEUM. 

pressed  punctured  striae,  the  punctures  of  the  interstitial  lines 
rather  large. 

Length  nine-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

The  peculiar  form  of  the  transverse  line  of  the  front,  renders 
this  species  easy  of  recognition.  I  found  it  on  an  oak  tree  in 
June.  In  form  it  has  considerable  resemblance  to  E.  pyrros 
Herbst,  but  is  very  different  by  many  other  characters. 

[Belongs  to  Pedetes  Kirby,  which  is  composed  of  species  of 
Athous,  and  have  lobed  tarsi. — Lec] 

21.  E.  geminatus.— Black  :  elytra  with  an  oval  rufous  spot 
before  the  middle  of  each.  [265] 

Elater  bimaculatus  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Body  deep  black,  polished,  with  numerous  hairs  ;  oblong- 
oval  :  head  with  the  transverse  line  acute,  but  not  prominent : 
antennae,  basal  joint  pale  rufous  :  thorax  widest  at  base,  gradually 
narrowed  by  an  arcuated  line  to  the  anterior  angles  which  are 
not  wider  than  the  head ;  no  impressed  line ;  posterior  angles  not 
prominent :  elytra  with  irregular  punctures,  destitute  of  impressed 
strise;  a  large,  oblique,  oval,  bright  rufous  spot  a  little  before  the 
middle  of  each,  hardly  reachidg  the  suture  or  the  exterior  edge: 
feet  piceous. 

Length  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

This  pretty  little  species  seems  to  be  allied  to  the  bimaculatus 
of  Europe,  but  the  elytra  are  not  striated,  as  those  of  that  spe- 
cies are. 

[Belongs  to  Lissomus. — Lec] 

22.  E.  nimbatus. — Pale  brownish  ochreous ;  elytra  striate; 
venter  dusky. 

Elater  nimbatus  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Body  rather  slender,  of  a  pale  color,  with  somewhat  long 
hairs :  head  with  the  transverse  line  elevated,  acute :  antennae 
somewhat  slender,  not  serrated ;  second  and  third  joints  short, 
equal :  thorax  tinged  with  dull  rufous,  not  longer  than  broad, 
with  an  impressed  longitudinal  line;  posterior  angles  acute,  a 
little  excurved  at  tip  :  scutel  orbicular :  elytra  paler  than  the 
thorax,  without  any  rufous  tinge  :  with  impressed  punctured 
striae  :  beneath  pale  rufous :  venter  dusky. 

Length  more  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

[I  have  failed  to  identify  this  species. — Lec] 


ANNALS   OF   THE  LYCEUM.  399 

23.  E.  brevicqrnis. — Antennae  very  short;  thorax  blackish, 
anterior  and  posterior  margins  piceous.  [266] 

Desc.  Head  hairy :  vertex  obtusely  indented ;  transverse  line 
of  the  front  slightly  elevated  :  antennae  not  reaching  beyond  two- 
thirds  the  length  of  the  thorax  ;  piceous;  joint  subcordate,  ser- 
rated second  joint  much  shorter  than  the  third :  thorax  rather 
convex,  blackish,  slightly  tinged  with  very  dark  purple-coppery, 
anterior  and  posterior  margins  obsoletely  piceous ;  lateral  edges 
parallel,  curving  inwards  before  the  middle ;  posterior  angles  ex- 
curved  ;  a  longitudinal,  obtuse,  slightly  impressed  line  obsolete 
before  the  middle  :  scutel  ovate  orbicular,  hairy :  elytra  dark 
brownish,  very  slightly  metallic,  lateral  margin  and  suture  paler ; 
with  impressed,  punctured  striae  :  beneath  blackish  :  feet  dull 
rufous  :  pectus  dull  rufous  on  the  anterior  margin  :  venter  with 
the  margin,  and  edges  of  the  segments  dull  rufous. 

Length  three-fifths  of  an  inch. 

The  antennae  are  shorter  than  those  of  any  other  species  I 
have  seen,  with  the  exception  of  the  rcctangularis  nob.,  for  which, 
however,  it  cannot  be  mistaken. 

[This  is  the  female  of  Corymbites  appressifrons. — Lec] 

24.  E.  clypeatus. — Black  ;  antennae  and  feet  rufous ;  clypeus 
extending  down  to  the  mouth. 

Desc.  Body  slender,  deep  black,  punctured  :  head  with  a  shal- 
low rounded  indentation  on  the  front :  clypeus  narrowed  between 
the  antennae,  thence  dilated  and  extending  down  to  the  mouth  : 
antennae  serrate,  bright  rufous,  joints  short,  second  about  one- 
third  as  long  as  the  third  joint :  thorax  widest  at  the  base,  poste- 
rior angles  excurved,  and  towards  their  tips  incurved :  scutel 
rather  large;  elytra  with  impressed,  punctured  striae;  second, 
third,  and  fourth  striae  confluent  behind  the  middle  :  feet  dull 
rufous. 

Length  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch.  [267] 

This  may  be  mistaken  for  the  quercinus  nob.;  but  an  inspection 
of  the  form  of  the  head  and  its  parts  will  show  that  it  is  very 
distinct.  The  form  of  the  clypeus  is  somewhat  unusual ;  instead 
of  terminating  in  an  elevated  line  between  the  antennae,  or  but 
little  before  them,  it  is  very  much  narrowed  in  that  part,  and  as 
it  descends  towards  the  mouth,  it  dilates  very  much. 

[Belongs  to  Eucnemis. — Lec] 


400  ANNALS   OF   THE    LYCEUM. 

25.  E.  insipiens. — Bright  reddish-brown;  transverse  fronta 
line  much  elevated,  rounded. 

Desc.  Body  rather  slender,  bright  reddish-brown,  polished  : 
head  with  the  transverse  line  prominent,  regularly  rounded,  the 
edge  acute ;  antennae  a  little  serrate,  second  and  third  joints  sub- 
equal  :  thorax  with  an  obsolete  impressed  line  at  base  :  elytra 
with  impressed  punctured  striae. 

Length  more  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch. 

[A  species  of  Cratonychus. — Lec] 

26.  E.  appressifrons. — Obsoletely  metallic ;  transverse  fron- 
tal line  not  prominent. 

Desc.  Body  rather  slender,  dark  brownish,  with  a  slight  brassy 
tinge  ;  hairs  recurved,  not  prominent :  head  with  the  frontal  line 
or  tip  of  the  clypeus  not  elevated,  but  decurved  between  the  an- 
tennas:  antennae  rather  robust,  serrate;  second  joint  much 
shorter  than  the  third,  which  is  of  the  same  form,  and  nearly  of 
the  same  size  as  the  fourth ;  terminal  joint  abruptly  contracted 
near  the  tip ;  thorax  with  an  impressed  longitudinal  line  obsolete 
before :  elytra  with  acute,  punctured  striae,  suture  exterior  mar- 
gin somewhat  paler :  feet  piceous  :  abdomen  margined  with  dull 
rufous. 

Length  two-fifths  of  an  inch. 

Rather  common.  It  closely  resembles  cylindriformis  nob. :  but 
that  insect  is  somewhat  larger,  with  a  prominent,  emargined 
[268]  frontal  line,  the  third  joint  of  the  antennae  is  cylindrical, 
altogether  different  in  form  from  the  fourth,  and  the  ultimate 
joint  is  not  abruptly  contracted  near  the  tip;  in  these  and  many 
other  characters  it  obviously  differs  from  the  present  species. 
In  some  specimens  the  anterior  margin  of  the  thorax  is  obscurely 
piceous. 

[Belongs  to  Corymbites. — Lec] 

27.  E.  collaris. — Black  ;  thorax  rufous  ;  frontal  line  not  re- 
flected; second  and  third  joinis  of  the  antennae  subequal. 

Elater  collaris  Melsh.  Catal. 

Desc.  Head  black,  the  frontal  transverse  line  or  tip  of  the  cly- 
peus not  in  the  slightest  degree  reflected,  but  considerably  ele- 
vated above  the  surface  of  the  nasus  :  antennae  serrate,  second  and 
third  joints  subequal  and  nearly  alike  in  form;  thorax  bright 
rufous,  posterior  spines  acute:  scutel   black,  orbicular:    elytra 


ANNALS   OF   THE   LYCEUM.  401 

black,  with  impressed,  punctured  striae :  pectus  each  side  bright 
rufous. 

Length  rather  less  than  seven-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

Herbst  considers  this  as  a  variety  of  the  thoracicus  Fabr.,  to 
which  indeed  it  is  very  similar,  but  that  species  diifers  in  having 
the  tip  of  the  clypeus,  or  the  transverse  frontal  line,  reflected, 
and  the  third  joint  of  the  antennae  much  longer  and  more  dilated 
than  the  second.  Our  species  is  also  very  similar  to  the  vertl- 
cinus  Beauvois,  but  the  latter  is  greatly  larger,  the  head  is  either 
partially  or  entirely  rufous,  and  the  third  joint  of  the  antennas  is 
much  longer  than  the  second ;  it  has  been  called  rubricottis  by 
Herbst,  but  Beauvois'  name  has  the  priority. 

[Belongs  to  Elater  ;  Beauvois  never  described  the  species. — 
Lec] 


ADDITIONS    AND    CORRECTIONS. 

Page   •  29,   line  8  from  bottom,  for  polyturator  read  polycerator. 

•  33,  after  description  of  Blaps  hispilabris,  add  : 

[Does  not  seem  distinct  from  B.  obscara. — Lec] 

•  35,  after  NIGERIA  add  Plate  XIX. 
•  191,  at  bottom  add  : 

[Differs  from  Lytta  cenea  Say,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  301, 
and  is  described  by  me  asi.  Sayi,  Proc.  Acad.  6,  336. — Lec] 

•  263,  line  5,  forcoBLAEis  read  collakis. 

•  270,  line  17,  for  hilaria  read  hilaris. 
■  285,  after  C.  akgula  add : 

[Belongs  to   Conotrachelus. — Lec] 


26 


INDEX   TO   VOL.   I. 


Acsenitus  stigmapterus 

218 

Ancylocbira  confluens 

60 

Acalles  clavatus 

297 

fasciata 

59 

Acanthia  confluens 

361 

maculativentris 

179 

hirta 

359 

rufipes 

58 

humilis 

360 

Anomalon  flavicornis 

163 

ligata 

359 

humerale 

378 

lugubris 

360 

mellipes 

378 

Acrydium 

9 

sexlineata 

378 

laterale 

10 

Anopheles  4-maculatu3 

241 

ornatum 

10 

punctipennis 

241 

Adelocera  impressicollis 

395 

Anthicus 

21 

Adoxus  vitis 

197 

bicolor                   21 

,  372 

jEgeria 

35 

monodon 

21 

exitiosa 

36 

murinipennis 

372 

Ornphale 

42 

Anthocomus  otiosus 

109 

iEgiana  ?  clypeata 

184 

Anthonomus  calceatus 

278 

JEthus  bilineatus 

323 

erythropterus 

293 

Agraplius  bellieus 

274 

musculus 

277 

leucophceus 

275 

4-gibbus 

277 

Agrilus  arcuatus 

387 

signatus 

293 

bilineatus 

387 

Anthrax  alcyon 

252 

polita 

387 

costata 

254 

pusilla 

388 

fascipennis 

254 

Allantus  bifasciatus 

162 

fulvianus 

253 

externus 

162 

tegminipennis 

253 

pallipes 

162 

Anthribus  brevicornis 

262 

ventralis 

162 

cornutus 

262 

Alopbus  altematus 

271 

coronatus 

262 

Altica  exapta 

302 

collaris 

263 

ocreata 

303 

Aphodius  clypeatus 

183 

tseniata 

195 

hamatus 

183 

Alysia  pallipes 

380 

Aphrastus  taeniatus 

269 

ridibunda 

380 

Apiomerus  linitaris 

355 

Ampulex  canaliculata 

165 

Apion  rostrum 

264 

Analcis  aereus 

297 

Sayi 

264 

Anelastes  Druryi 

393 

segnipes 

264 

Aneurus  politus 

354 

Araeanthus  pallidus 

268 

Anisomorpha  buprestoides 

198 

Aradus  acutus 

351 

Anisoscelis  albicinctus 

326 

ffiqualis 

352 

corculus 

326 

crenatus 

350 

declivis 

327 

emarginatus 

354 

nasulus 

327 

granulatus 

353 

oppositus 

327 

lobatus 

354 

404 


INDEX. 


Aradus  ornatus  352 

rectus  352 

similis  351 

Argynnis  33 

Diana  33 

Arbopalus  speciosus  118 

Arthromacra  donacioides  191 

Asaphes  hemipodus  390 

Ascalapbus  4-maculatus  204 

Asilus  abdominalis  255 

Astata  bicolor  166 

unicolor  228 

Astemma  mavortia  337 

Ataxia  sordida  301 

Ateucbus  bumectus  301 

Attelabus  ovatus  264 

pubescens  263 

Rhois  263 

Aulacus  fasciatus  373 

Bacteria  Sayi  198 

Bacunculus  Sayi  198 

Bsetis   alba  204 

alternata  203 

bilineata  203 

femorata  171 

Bagous  sereus  297 

mammillatus  297 

simplex  297 

Balaninus  constrictus  294 

nasicus  279 

nasutus  279 

proboscidetis  279 

rectus  279 

rostratus  279 

Baridius  acutipennis  295 
interstitialis           282,  295 

uigrinus  295 

penicellus  281 

picumnus  281 

scolopax  295 

striatus  281 

transversus  282 

trinotatus  280 

undulatus  281 

Barynotus  erinaceus  272 

granulatns  273 

rigidus  272 

Belostoma  americanum  365 

annulipes  365 

Boscii  365 

dilatata  366 

fluminea  364 

grandis  365 

grisea  365 

Bembex  monodonta  226 

Beris  dorsalis  257 

viridis  251 


Berytus 

muticus 
spinosus 
Betbylus  armiferus 

rufipes 
Bibio  thoracica 
Bittacus  stigraaterus 
Blaps 

acuta 
bispilabris 
obscura 
suturalis 
Boletopbagus 

cornutus 
corticola 
Brachycerus  humeralis 
Bracliys  alboguttata 

ovata 
Bracbystylus  acutus 
Bracon  exhalans 
honestor 
ligator 
populator 
stigmator 
tibiator 
truncator 
Bromius  vitis 
Brucbus  minius 

musculus 
obsoletus 
obtectus 
oculatus 
4-maculatus 
transversus 
triangularis 
Buprestis 

arcuata 

bilineata 

campestris 

confluenta 

fasciata 

maculativentris 

rufipes 

polita 

pusilla 

puuctulata 

6-notata 

substrigosa 

tbureura 

transversa 

Calandra 

compressirostra 
cribraria 
5-punctata 
13-punctata 
Callidium  ruricola 
Callopistus  auricephalus 


28 

328 
28 

383 

221 

250 

173 
30 
31 
32 
32 
30 

114 

114 

115 

267 

389 

389 

266 
381 
381 

217 
216 
217 
216 
381 
197 
260 
261 
261 
259 
260 
259 
261 
259 
56 
387 
386 
60 
60 
59 
178 
58 
387 
388 
386 
179 
61 
300 
386 

17 
20 

18 

19 

18 

119 

268 


INDEX. 


405 


Calopteron  reticulatum  45 

terniinale  45 

sanguinipenne  46 

Camptorhinus  tubulatus  285 

Canthon  humectus  301 

Capsus  bractatus  348 

chlorionis  346 

circumcinctus  343 

colon  346 

confluens  343 

dislocatus  339 

fusiformis  344 

geminus  344 

goniphorus  341 

imbecilis  345 

insignis  342 

insitivus  340 

invitus  345 

irroratus  346 

medius  341 

mimus  338 

nubilus  341 

oblineatus  340 

ochreatus  338 

4-vittatus  339 

rapidus  339 

scrupeus  342 

stygicus  344 

submarginatus  344 

succinctus  338 

tenuicornis  347 

vitripennis  345 

Carabus  elevutus  103 

Cecidomyia  ornata  242 

Centrums  penicellus  281 

picumnus  28 1 
scutellurn  album        287 

Cepbus  abbreviatus  209 

trimaculatus  209 

Cerambyx  scutellatus  192 

Ceratopogon  fasciata  80 

Cerceris  bidentata  168 

frontata  167 

deserta  232 

Cercopeus  cbrysorboeus  274 

Cercopis  parallela  202 

Ceropales  bipunctata  225 

fasciata  224 

ferruginea  225 

Ceutorbyncbus  acepbalus  285 

cretura  285 

curtus  298 

inaequalis  286 

4-spinosus  2S5 

triangularis  286 

Cbalcis  microgaster  219 

ovata  219 

Cbalcolepidius  viridipilis  392 

26* 


Cbalcopbora  campestris  61 

Chariesterus  antennator  323 

mcestug  323 

Chauliodes  serricornis  206 

Chloropbanus  acutus  266 

Chrysis  carinata  384 

pacifica  384 

Cbrysomela  decipiens  372 

scalaris  372 

Chrysopila  fasciata  28 

ornata  27 

Cicindela  34 

albilabris  176 

10-notata  34 

formosa  35 

longilabris  176 

terricola  176 

Cimex  albipes  322 

punctipes  322 

purcis  358 

Cionus  scropbularia?  287 

Cistela  binotata  189 

sericea  189 
Cleonus  trivittatus              270,  288 

Cleogonus  sedentarius  298 

Cloeon  posticata  172 

Clytus  117 

caprea  120 

elevatus  120 

gibbicollis  120 

hamatus  118 

Hayi  118 

ruricola  119 
speciosus  118,  193 
undulatus                119,  193 

Coccinella  bitriangularis  197 

labiculata  192 

mali  192 

multiguttata  197 

Codrus  pallidus  382 

Cceliodes  acepbalus  285 

curtus  298 

Ccelioxys  8-dentata  239 

Coenomyia  42 
pallida                 42, 251 

Colaspis  fiavida  196 

infuscata  372 

4-notata  372 

Collops  bipunctatus  107 

nigriceps  108 

tricolor  107 

vittatus  108 
Conotracbolus  anadypticus        283 

cribricollis  296 

elegans  284 

posticatus  285 

retentus  295 

Copturus  quercus  287 


40G 


INDEX. 


Coreus  antennator 

323 

Curculio  myrmex 

279 

confluens 

325 

nenuphar 

285 

diffusus 

325 

nephele 

265 

Corixia  abdominalis 

366 

nigrinus 

295 

calva 

366 

novceboracensis 

266 

mercenaria 

367 

nucum 

279 

Corymbetes  appressifrons 

olyra 

265 

391,  399 

,400 

pensylvanicus 

280 

inflatus 

393 

punctatulm 

266 

rotundicollis 

394 

4-gibbus 

277 

sulcicollis 

391 

quercus 

287 

Coryrnelsena  nitiduloides 

311 

13-punctatus 

18 

Cossonus  corticola 

291 

trinotatus 

280 

multiforus 

298 

varians 

278 

platalea 

292 

Cychrus 

98 

Crabro  10-maculatus 

167 

bilobus 

101 

scutellatus 

230 

elevatus 

103 

6-maculatus 

230 

stenostomus 

101 

tibialis 

230 

unicolor 

98 

trifasciatus 

231 

viduus 

98 

Cratonychus  insipiens 

400 

Cyclapus  bractatus 

348 

Cryptocephalus 

63 

tenuicornis 

347 

bivittatus 

65 

Cyclomus  sulcirostris 

275 

calidus 

64 

vittatus 

275 

confluentus 

64 

Cydnus  bilineatus 

323 

ornatus 

63 

ligatus 

322 

othorms 

66 

viduatus 

65 

Danaus 

120 

Cryptorhynchus  anaglypticus 

282 

Plexippus 

120 

argula 

285 

Dasypogon  JEacus 

256 

bisignatus 

284 

Deracanthus  ?  pallidus 

268 

cribricollis 

296 

Dermestes  nubilus 

300 

elegans 

283 

Diapheromerus  Sayii 

198 

ferratus 

296 

Dioselus 

51 

foveolattis 

284 

dilatatus 

53 

lineaticollis 

295 

sculptilis 

53 

oblique  fascia- 

splendidus 

52 

tus 

284 

violaceus 

51 

obliquus 

296 

Dicer c  a  punctulata 

386 

oculatus 

287 

Dictyopterus  perfacetus 

46 

operculatus 

287 

substriatus 

46 

palmacollis 

295 

Dilophus  orbatus 

309- 

parochus 

285 

stygius^ 

*  309 

posticatus 

285 

Diopsis  brevicornis 

116 

retentus 

295 

Dircrea  4-maculata 

187 

tubulatus 

285 

tibialis 

187 

umbrosus 

296 

Dolerus  arvensis 

214 

Culex  punctipennis 

241 

collaris 

163 

Curculio  anaglypticus 

282 

inornatus 

213 

acutus 

266 

sericeus 

214 

auricephalus 

268 

Dorcatoma  oculata 

180 

corticalis 

292 

Dryinus  bifasciatus 

384 

corticola 

291 

Dryophthorus  corticalis 

292 

creturct 

285 

Dynastes  Tityus 

9 

Daviesh 

279 

Dytiscus  carolinus 

178 

elegans 

283 

fasciventris 

177 

hilaris 

270 

lacama 

269 

Ectrychotes  bicolot 

358 

INDEX. 


407 


Edessa  bifida 

304 

Epitragus  canaliculatus 

186 

cruciata 

311 

Erirbinus  constrictus 

294 

lateralis 

312 

epbippiatus 

293 

Elater  abruptus 

389 

mucidus 

277 

angulatus 

391 

rufus 

293 

appressifrons     400 

391,399 

Erodiscus  myrmecodes 

278 

attenuatus 

392 

Eucnemis  clypeatus 

399 

auritus 

396 

Eugnaniptus  angustatus     195 

,  263 

bimaculatus 

398 

Eumenes  anormis 

234 

brevicornis 

399,  391 

fraterna 

232 

clypeatus 

399 

verticalis 

233 

collaris 

400 

Eumolpus  cocblearius 

196 

cucullatus 

397 

flavidus 

196 

dilectus 

395 

Eustropbus  bifasciatus 

186 

erosus 

393 

Evania  unicolor 

214 

fuscus 

394 

geminatus 

398 

Falciger  acephalus 

285 

bemipodus 

390 

Fcenus  tarsatorius 

215 

impressicollis 

394 

inflatus 

392 

Galleruca  decora 

195 

insipiens 

400 

Gerris  canaliculatus 

363 

metallicus 

392 

marginatus 

362 

mucidus 

392 

remigis 

362 

niuscidus 

391 

Gonocerus  antennator 

323 

nimbatus 

398 

dubius 

323 

parallelus 

391 

Gorytes  bipunctatus 

228 

plebejus 

396 

Graphorbinus  operculatus 

268 

quercinus 

396 

vadosus 

267 

rectangularis 

397 

Gryllus 

76 

rotundieollis 

394 

formosiis 

78 

rubricus 

395 

hirtipes 

78 

riificollis 

394 

trifasciatus 

78 

silaceus 

395 

sulcicollis 

391 

Hadromerus  hilaris 

270 

trilineatus 

395 

Halys  laticornis 

315 

umbraticus 

395 

Hammatocerus  purcis 

358 

unicolor 

390 

Hedychrum  dimjdiatum 

222 

viridaiius 

393 

sinuosuni 

384 

viridipilis 

392 

ventrale 

222 

viridis 

390 

Helicbus  fastigiatus 

182 

Eledona  cornuta, 

115 

Helops  arctatus 

188 

Eleodes  acuta 

31 

venustus 

188 

hispilabris 

32 

Hemerobius  irroratus 

204 

obscura 

32 

nebulasus, 

205 

suturalis 

30 

vittatus 

205 

Elmis  crenatus 

181 

Hemerodromia  superstitiosa 

256 

Enoplium 

88 

Heteroniyia 

79 

damicorne 

90 

fasciata 

80 

marginatum 

89 

Hippodamia  bitriangularis 

197 

onustum 

89 

Hipparobia 

80 

pilosum 

89 

Andromacba 

81 

4-punctatuni 

90 

■  semidea 

113 

Epeolus  lunatus 

240 

Hispa  marginata 

194 

4-fasciatus 

169 

quadrata 

195 

scutellaris 

240 

vittata 

184 

Epbemera  cupida 

172 

Hydrometra  lineata 

361 

Epicaerus  imbricatus 

271 

Hydrobius  globosus 

182 

vadosus 

267 

Hydrophilus  cihctus 

182 

408 

INDEX. 

Hydrophilus  globosus 

182 

Limenitis 

49 

labiatus 

183 

Arthemis 

50 

nebulosus 

183 

Limnobia  annulata 

243 

Hydroporus  punctatus 

178 

argus 

243 

Hylobius  pales 

273 

imperialis 

243 

Hylotoma  dulciaria 

210 

Limonius  plebejus 

397 

Hypsonotus  alternatus 

271 

quercinus 

396 

imbricatus 

271 

Liparus  imbricatus 

271 

sulcirostris 

275 

Ibalia  anceps 

218 

tesselatus 

268 

Ichneumon 

46 

vittatus 

275 

brevicinctor 

49 

Lissomus  geminatus 

398 

bifasciatus 

377 

Listroderes  caudatus 

271 

centrator 

49 

lineatulus 

272 

concinnus 

374 

porcellus 

271 

devinctor 

48 

sparsus 

271 

hilaris 

376 

squamiger 

271 

inquisitor 

375 

Litbodus  bumeralis 

267 

malacus 

376 

Lixus  concavus 

275 

morulus 

377 

lateralis 

276 

otiosus 

374 

marginatus 

275 

parata 

373 

musculus 

276 

pectoralis 

376 

praepotens 

288 

polycerator 

29 

trivittatus 

270 

pterelas 

376 

Lopbyrus  abdominalis 

210 

residuus 

377 

Ludius  abruptus 

390 

vinctus 

375 

attenuatus 

392 

Ithycerus  curculionoides 

266 

Lycus 

43 

perfacetus 

46 

Laccopbilus  punctatus 

178 

reticulatus 

44 

Lacon  rectangularis 

396 

sanguinipennxs 

45 

Lseniosaccus  plagiatus 

265 

terminalis 

45 

Lagria  senea 

191 

Lygaeus  bistriangularis 

329 

Lamia  crypta 

302 

disconotus 

330 

Languria 

84 

fallicus 

331 

bicolor 

84 

facetus 

328 

Latreillei 

84 

geminatus 

330 

Mozardi 

84 

leucopterus 

329 

puncticollis 

85 

numenius 

331 

trifasciata 

85 

reclivatus 

329 

Lapbria 

11 

sandarachatus 

328 

dorsata 

13 

scolopax 

330 

flavicollis 

255 

Lygerus 

194 

fulvicauda 

12 

Lytta 

4 

posticata 

255 

aenea 

191 

pyrrhacra 

12 

albida 

6 

sericea 

12 

maculata 

6 

Larra  abdominalis 

165 

Nuttalli 

5 

tarsata 

166 

Sayi 

401 

Lasioptera  ventralis 

242 

sphsericollis 

7 

Leia  ventralis 

247 

Madarus  undulatus 

280 

Leptis 

26 

Magdalinus  armicollis 

265 

albicornis 

27 

barbitus 

265 

fasciata 

28 

olyra 

265 

ornata 

26 

pallidus 

266 

vertebrata 

27 

pandura 

265 

Lepyrus  geminatus 

273 

Malacbius 

106 

Leucospis  affinis 

220 

bipunctatus 

107 

INDEX. 


409 


Malacbius  nigriceps 

108 

Notoxus  monodon 

21 

otiosus 

109 

Nympbalis  Artbemis 

50 

tricolor 

107 

Nysson  5-spinosus 

166 

vittatus 

108 

Mantispa 

53 

Odontomyia  vertebrata 

251 

brunnea 

54,  207 

Odontopus  calceatus 

278 

interrupta 

55 

Odynerus  annulatus 

235 

Megacbile  emarginata 

238 

crypticus 

168 

interrupta 

237 

Opatram  bifurcum 

115 

jugatoria 

238 

cornutum 

115 

latimanus 

169 

Opbion  analis 

379 

Melandrya  labiata 

190 

•  bilineatus 

378 

striata 

190 

emarginatus 

380 

Melitaea 

103 

emarginalus 

380 

myrina 

104 

geminatus 

379 

Meinbracis  diceros 

199 

Opbryastes  sulcirostris 

275 

concava 

200 

vittatus 

275 

trilineata 

200 

Orcbestes  epbippiatus 

280 

binotata 

201 

pallicornis 

280 

latipes 

202 

Ortbopleura  damicornis 

90 

Metonius  ovatus 

38«» 

Osmylus  validus 

205 

Milesia  hcematodes 

16 

Otidocepbalus  rnyrmecodes 

279 

Miris  dorsalis 

348 

Oxybelus  4-notatus 

228 

vagans 

348 

Mixtemyia  4-fasciata 

258 

Pacbycoris  cbrysorboeus 

310 

Molorcbus  affinis 

372 

Pacbybracbys  litigiosus 

66 

biniaculatus 

372 

viduatus 

65 

margmalis 

193 

othonus 

67 

Monocrepidius  auritus 

396 

Pacliyrh.ynch.us  Schd'nherri 

266 

Monedula  4-fasciata 

226 

Palingenia  bilineata 

203 

ventralis 

227 

limbata 

203 

Monobammus  scutellatus 

193 

Pamera  bilobata 

334 

Mononycbus  vulpeculus 

286 

constricta 

332 

Mutilla  4-guttata 

163 

contracta 

332 

Mycetochares  binotata 

189 

dorsalis 

335 

Mycetophila  maculipennis 

248 

fallax 

334 

sericea 

248 

fera 

333 

Mymeleon  abdominalis 

173 

nodosa 

335 

Myodocha  opetilata 

337 

una 

333 

Myrmosa  unicolor 

222 

vincta 

333 

Myzia  15-punctata 

192 

Pandeleteius  bilaris 

270 

Pangonia 

75 

Nabis  novenarius 

358 

incisuralis 

75 

purcis 

358 

Panscopus  erinaceus 

273 

Naucoris  profunda 

363 

Panurgus  8-maculatus 

237 

stygica 

364 

Paragus  4-fasciatus 

257 

Nematus  ventralis 

211 

Papilio 

1,  86 

Nemognatba 

13 

Alcidamas 

87 

immaculata 

13 

Archippus 

121 

Nertbra  stygica 

364 

Astinous 

1 

Neuronitis  maculatue 

206 

Diana 

33 

Nezara  pensylvanica 

305 

myrina 

104 

Noctua  xylina 

370 

Nicippe 

70 

Nomada  bisignata 

239 

Philenor 

1 

Nomia  ?  heteropoda 

236 

Plexippus 

120 

Nosodendron  unicolor 

180 

Turuus 

87 

Notonecta  undulata 

368 

Parnus  fastigiatus 

181 

Notoxus  bicolor 

21 

Pedetes  cucullatus 

398 

410 


INDEX. 


Pelecinus 

polycerator 

Pemphredon  concolor 
inornatus 

Pentatoma  abrupta 
sequalis 
augur 
bifida 
bioculata 
calceata 
calva 
cynica 
Delia 
dimidiata 
emarginata 
gamma 
hilaris 
inserta 
laticornis 
ligata 
lugens 
nervosa 
rufocinctum 
rugulosa 
saucia 
semivittata 
senilis 
serva 
tenebrosa 
tristigma 
undata 

Perilampus  hyalinus 

triangularis 

Peritelus  bellicus 

chrysorhoeus 

Perla  bilineata 
dorsata 
imbecilla 
immarginata 

Perothops  mucidus 

Petalockirus  biguttatus 
cruciatus 

Phaenithon  ?  brevicornis 

Phaleria  picipes 
testacea 

Philanthus 

canaliculatus 

politus 

punctatus 

vertilabris 

zonatua 

Philhydrus  cinctus 

nebulosus 

Phryganea 

dossuaria 
interrupta 
lateralis 
numerosa 


29 

Phryganea  radiata 

206 

29 

semifasciata 

97,  171 

229 

sericea 

207 

229 

subfasciata 

97,  206 

317 

viridiventris 

170 

319 

Phyxelis  rigidus 

272 

313 

Phytononus  comptus 

274 

303 

322 

trivittatus 

273 

322 

Phytobius  cretura 

285 

320 

Pieris 

69 

318 

Nicippe 

70 

312 

Pirates  mutillarius 

307 

320 

Pmodes  macellus 

273 

318 

nemorensis 

277 

313 

strobi 

277 

322 

Platygaster  pallipes 

383 

304, 

316 

Platyomus  auriceps 

268 

317 

Platyura  fascipennis 

244 

315 

Plochiomera  nodosa 

335 

315 

Ploiaria 

105 

322 

brevipenni8 

106 

321 

errabunda 

359 

315 

fraterna 

358 

319 

maculata 

359 

318 

Poecilonota  thureura 

300 

322 

Poecilus  fraternus 

177 

316 

lucublandus 

177 

314 

Polystoechotes  punctatus 

205 

304 

322 

sticticus 

205 

314 

Pompilus 

91 

319 

fascipennis 

224 

382 

formosus 

91,  165 

381 

marginatus 

224 

274 

terminatus 

92 

274 

unifasciatus 

92 

175 

Prionomerus  carbonarius 

278 

174 

Proctotrupes  caudatus 

221 

175 

Pseudomus  sedentarius 

298 

174 

Psilus  brevicornis 

221 

392 

ciliatus 

383 

307 

,  358 

obtusus 

383 

358 

Psychoda  alternata 

242 

262 

Pterochilus  5-fasciatus 

234 

185 

Pterocolus  ovatus 

264 

185 

Ptychoptera  4-fasciata 

244 

109 

Prionotus  novenarius 

358 

111 

,  167 

113 

,  232 

Reduvius 

71 

231 

acuminatus 

356 

112 

biceps 

356 

111 

167 

crassipes 

72 

182 

diadema 

73 

183 

insidiosus 

357 

95 

linitaris 

355 

97 

musculus 

357 

98 

novenarius 

71,  358 

171 

pectoralis 

306,  357 

170 

raptatorius 

72 

INDEX. 


411 


Rkynchites 


Reduvius  spissipes  72 

ventralis  355 

Rhaphigaster  sarpimts  305 

Rhinaria  Schonherri  266 

Rhinuchus  declivis  305,  327 

nasulus  305,  327 

Rhynchcenus  argula  285 

armicollis  265 

caudatus  272 

cerasi  285 

constrictus  294 

lineaticollis  279,  295 

proboscideus  279 

strobi  277 

undulatus  280 

ceneus  263 

aeratus  263 

august  at  us  263 

collaris  263 

hirtus  263 

nigripes  263 

rubricollis  192,  263 

ruficollis  263 

Rhynchophorus  cicaticosus  289 

compressirostris  291 

immunis  290 

inaequalis  291 

interstitialis        288 

pertinax  288 

placidus  290 

praepotens  287 

rectus  290 

13-punctatus  18 

truncatus  288 

venatus  289 

Rhyneolus  latinasus  299 

Rhyssematus  lineaticollis  279,  295 

palmicollis  279,  295 

Salda  bullata  336 

picea  336 

uliginosa  337 

Saperda  vestita  193 

Sapyga  subulata  164 

Sargus  decorus  257 

dorsalis  257 

Scceva  polita  24 

Scaphinotus  102 

elevatus  103 

Scarabaeus  7 

Hercules  minor  8 

marianus  8 

Tityus  8 

Scatopse  atrata  250 

Sciara  atrata  249 

exiga  249 

dimidiata  308 

fraterna  249 


Sciara  polita  249 

Sciophila  bifasciata  246 

hirticollis  246 

littoralis  245 

obliqua  247 

pallipes  245 

Scirtes  tibialis  187 

Scolia  67 

confluens  68,  164 

8-maculata  68,  164 

tricincta  69,  164 

Scutellera  aeneifrons  198 

binotata  197 

viridipunctata  310 

Scydmaenus  brevicornis  179 

clavipes  179 

Sehirus  albonotatus  323 

Semblis  punctata  205 

Sericosomus  viridanus  394 

silaceus  395 

Serlion  terminalis  383 

Serropalpus  canaliculatus  190 

4-maculatus  187 

Sialis  bilineata  175 

dor  sat  a  174 

imbecilla  175 

immarginata  174 

Sirex  Columba  74 

pensylvanica  74 

Sigalphus  basilaris  216 

sericeus  215 

Sitona  indifferens  269 

scissifrons  269 

Smerinthus  25 

geminatus  25 

Spalangius  politus  382 

Spectrum  81 

bivittatum  83,  198 

femoratum  82,  197 

Spbaerophoria  cylindrica  23 

Sphasroderus  100 

bilobus  101 

stenostomus  101 

Sphenophorus  18, 288 

Sphex  habena  308 

Sphyracephala  116 

brevicornis  116 

Statyra  aenea  191 

Stenosoma  crypta  302 

Stenotrachelus  arctatus  188 

obscurus  1 88 

Stenopogon  iEacus  256 

Stenelmis  crenatus  181 

Stephanus  rufipes  218 

Stigmus  fraternus  229 

Stizus  2 

grandis  3,  165 

unicinctus  4,  165 


412 


INDEX. 


Strophosomus  tesselatus 

268 

Tingis  ciliata 

348 

Syritta  pipiens 

16 

cinerea 

349 

Syromastes  fraterculu3 

324 

mutica 

349 

obliquus 

324 

plexus 

349 

reflexulus 

323 

Tipbia  inornata 

223 

Syrphus 

22 

interrupta 

.    223 

cylindricus 

22 

transversa 

385 

obscurus 

23 

Tipula  maculatipennis 

243 

obliquus 

23 

Tracbys  gracilis 

389 

politus 

24 

ovata 

388 

Tremex 

73 

Tanymecus  confertus 

269 

Columba 

74 

confusus 

269 

obsoletus 

74,  163 

lacaena 

269 

sericeus 

73,  163 

Taphrocerus  albogutlatus 

389 

Trichocera  scutellata 

244 

Tarpa  scripta 

209 

Tropideres  cornutus 

262 

Tenebrio  reticulatus 

184 

Tropidia  quadrata 

15 

Tenthredo  basilaris 

211 

Trox  sequalis 

301 

pygmaea 

213 

canaliculars 

184 

rufipes 

212 

Trypberus  marginalis 

194 

terminalis 

213 

Tychius  amcenus 

294 

verticalis 

212 

aratus 

294 

Tetyra 

93 

Tylodes  clavatus 

297 

alternata 

94 

Tylomus  lineaticollis 

279,  295 

cinctipes 

94 

palmicollis 

279,  295 

fimbriata 

93, 311 

marrnorata 

310 

Xipbydria  abdominalis 

208 

violacea 

94 

tibialis 

208 

Tettigonia  coagulata 

30? 

Xyela  ferruginea 

207 

Thamnophilus  armicollis 

265 

Xylota 

14 

barbitus 

265 

ejuncida 

15 

olyra 

265 

hsematodes 

16 

pallidus 

266 

quadrata 

14 

pandura 

265 

Thecesternus  humeralis 

267 

Zaitha  bifoveata 

366 

Thereva  frontalis 

252 

Boscii 

365 

Thylacites  microps 

268 

dilatata 

366 

microsus 

268 

Stollei 

366 

tesselatus 

268 

Zelus  bilobus 

306 

Thyreocoris  albipennis 

311 

Zygops  oculatus 

287 

histeroides 

311 

operculatus 

287 

Tiagis  arcuata 

350 

quercus 

286 

Papilio  FhHrnm 


/  Stums  grandis  f      .'/.  STizus    urUrinctu& 
/*  ruii  size 


vn  />v   /'A'  /',;//,■ 


Enqrax       A-  <  *  TisieiU 


l.Lytta     mritaUt         !  J.ytla    ,„,„„l„r,7 


/-  Siiirn/itir-ii.s       Tityus  d" 


J 


/  Aiivtliiuii      ornatum 
-  lateral* 

3.  a. 


'■v  7.7\/>,r/,- 


/  Laphria    /„;>?,  ,,„„■..■ 

sericea 

3.  tla:stit,i 


Drawn  bv  T.Ji.Fealt 


i 


? 


.  I  entognat/ia     -«/  macu/atu 


J. .  \Ja  i  rr,  f-  /  a.  Lith  Jhshn 


/  At;!'  -t>t      c/tiii,-t\iti 


■■.  ,    , 


/     I  'a/illlJm        ,-mpn    fin  i*m 

2  '  7 ''"'" 

1 


■ 


EncravL 


/.  Anthicus    /„,-,■/,>,■_ 


/.  SyrpllMS  cylindrlcu 

2.  .M,yu,u*  i 

.1  politu* 

■I:  ebscurus 


11 


SmeriruthzLS    ,in,,,n, 


\i 


J.  Lepli 


|     .  ■      . 

tns>  lata . 


by  ///.  Peale. 


■7.  Maw  r,\fi>.  /.if//.  Boston,. 


•  •■■ 


Beryl n. n      x/„ 


14 


PelecirLUS    potycerator 


Vrawn  iy  V., 


15 


Engrav'd  iy  C.TiebaiU  . 


/  Blaps 


A  hixpilab, 


///■rir/t    /<r/'/'/;-//. 


.  in/i/iuu  • 


1    I  /rtn. /..'.' 


>%< 


I 


.7 . 


I  .  '.  '/!.'•."     ' 


'A-,//,- 


/'.>/. />;/\;;/ /'v  t  \  '/'/,■/:  •///, 


/   Cycu  • 
3. 


A//,,:;::  ,%/    (y   <  ' 


/.  iehn&arwn  6m*uxnc&» 


.        i 


:: 


.  ':,  r&eitt. 


LimxLTLih.-    ArStemis 


2)rwwn 


28 


J  l)i.\u!ur  jpteuEdus 


Drawn  rv  ,    ,J.Zr   .■>/,;■, 


2  I 


Em/raved  3v  <  . 


V\ 


'J 

.3 


Drawn  M'  t '.  /  '.,    . 


- 


/    BlWP&tLf     aunpe. 

2 

/  „.„r.. 


Drawn&yCAJL 


',//:.:    i  a 


Drawn  /t  W.  W.  h 


M 


/Xl'A 


/   Oyptoccpkatur  ..-,,:, 


v  WTi:  n  >.-./. 


,/  A-  /'.  />,■/•, •///. 


1    X,  villi    ..-n/t,,. 


2  tricuhtja 

J  .:/.m. ,.„/.,!., 


■ 


I 


(LCJ'iS   nutppc 


Drawn   hy  Ti.  W.   Weed. 


/\'l,ir 


Dfawn  fiy  i  L  /.  /,. 


/    Trcnnt 
3. 


Brawn  ft  W  W.  W.    ■' 


. 


1    I'm.: 


/:><-./.- 


—5 


1  Grqllh 


',  n/ 


Beteromyia 


Drawn  / v  J.  TIFeali 


iEiwraved  frvi 


Hipparchm     .  tru&vmacAa 


Drawn  A-  n:n:  Wood. 


.Enaravt-rf  .'■•■  /'/'/. 


1 


SpectriUTl     livil/a 


/>, —  /.,  ■/://./',■„/, 


;.". 


•  .■ .  /.,.  /■  .,,./ 


J  Lanxjuria  punctuvtlLs 
2  M-xunA 

tnfa. 
/  hicter 


,/.    » 


J  Klh'l'tuilll  .'/iimlum 

2  Janu 

■;  ;  !rifinn-taluin 

I 

-  -11/11 


•  lig 


Engraved  hy.  MtnEG-avlt 


/  Teiyrajbr, 

'J  I   :,  '7/1  Cfft 

3  cJtzmnfri  . 

J  circa  \ 


/  Phrygajiea  sem 

2 

■;  sitbfasciata 

./.  uvterrupta 

-  I.    nmria 


'}>'  \< 


I  I  ycJlTUS     vUhws 
Z.Spha  vshmws 

.';  iilffi 

•/.  Si  -opium  '///.'•   ttevatus. 


■'    {' i   > 


I 


nuirtn,. 


[It  nan 


1  Mnlnrhili.t  viNnhis 

.';  nigricjcps 

■1  otiosus 

.',.  "btpuiiciaJui 


■Eru/rayeJty.'oh 


lajlthlLS    ran.:, 

Hhibris 
,'i  zonattts 

poll/US 


Bippaj'clua 


r>'  > 


■ 


# 


r  ) 


1   Jiotiti'p/ltlt/ll.s-  ,  ,>r-ntitus    ■' 

id 

mrHnnln 


/>,,,„;:     ! 


g  I 


■• 


Sphyiucepkala 


J  I  hf  I  Us   spt 

2  cuf'rca 

3  luuzuLatus. 

J  hrrm  rrtns 


■  i  :U.rSu 


Erup-Oredbr.Rhn  AV.V 


A,,.,-,,  /,,    TRJPnate 


/■„.,,:,  ,.//.,■■/..'.,■/■:. 


